A kind of transistor-like nanogenerator and its working method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of transistor-like nanogenerator and its working method, and the nanogenerator includes cavity, which is fixedly installed with gate block;Microspheres are arranged in the cavity;Source ring, which is sleeved in the first end of the cavity;Drain ring, which is sleeved in the second end of the cavity, drain ring is electrically connected with gate block;Shell is provided with slide rail, and both ends of slide rail are equipped with fixed electrode.The application generates electric charge by the friction of microspheres and cavity, and changes the potential difference between source ring and drain ring by the way of electrostatic induction, so as to complete power generation;After microspheres accumulate to one end of the cavity, potential energy is accumulated on source ring or drain ring, and the charge on source ring and drain ring starts to move only after gate block contacts with fixed electrode, so as to improve instantaneous output density, and since the charge is rapidly transferred in the moment when gate block contacts with fixed electrode, the theoretical internal resistance of the device is 0, which can solve the problem of high internal resistance of the device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy conversion, in particular to a kind of transistor-like nanogenerator and working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With people's increasing emphasis on environmental protection, using renewable energy to replace non-renewable energy is the key to alleviate resource consumption. Renewable energy, such as ocean waves and wind energy, and even human mechanical energy, can be utilized. However, the frequency of these energies is low and irregular, and how to effectively utilize them has become a challenge. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a renewable energy conversion technology that generates surface charges through friction and separation between two materials, thereby generating electricity. This technology is expected to solve the problem of utilizing renewable energy.

[0003] However, the practical application of these technologies is affected by their limited charge output and excessively high internal impedance, which to some extent hinders their application in real life. In response to the problem of low charge density output, previous studies mainly improved the charge output through material optimization, structure improvement, surface modification and environmental control strategies. It is worth noting that the ordinary corona charging method has successfully increased the charge density to 240 μC / m 2 , and even to 1003 μC / m 2 under high vacuum conditions. However, this method requires strict environmental conditions. In order to solve the problem of excessively high device impedance, some studies have also used power management circuits to effectively reduce the internal resistance of the device. However, these power management circuits have a serious burden on the device volume due to the introduction of multiple transistors and capacitors, and electronic components consume a considerable proportion of output power, thereby hindering the effective transmission of energy.

[0004] In order to bridge the gap between theory and practical application, it is urgent to further design a reasonable device structure that can meet the requirements of high output charge density and low internal impedance, and the structure of the device is simple and easy to prepare, which can be applied to various devices under specific environmental conditions. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a transistor-like nanogenerator and working method thereof, which can improve the charge output density and output power density, reduce the impedance, and has a simple structure.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the present application, a transistor-like nanogenerator is provided, comprising:

[0007] a cavity, the two ends of the cavity are closed, and a gate block is fixedly installed on the outer side of the cavity;

[0008] a plurality of microsphere particles, the microsphere particles are arranged in the cavity, the microsphere particles are capable of moving freely in the cavity, and the microsphere particles are capable of generating electric charges through mutual friction with the inner wall of the cavity;

[0009] a source electrode ring, the source electrode ring is sleeved outside the cavity, and the source electrode ring is close to the first end of the cavity;

[0010] a drain electrode ring, the drain electrode ring is sleeved outside the cavity, the drain electrode ring is close to the second end of the cavity, and the drain electrode ring is electrically connected with the gate block;

[0011] a shell, the shell is provided with a sliding rail, both ends of the sliding rail are provided with a fixed electrode, the fixed electrode is electrically connected with the source electrode ring, the sliding rail is in sliding connection with the gate block, and the gate block is capable of being in contact with one of the two fixed electrodes;

[0012] The microsphere particles generate electric charges through mutual friction with the inner wall of the cavity, the source electrode ring and the drain electrode ring are capable of electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles, the source electrode ring and the drain electrode ring are separated from each other, the source electrode ring and the drain electrode ring are respectively electrically connected to an external electric device through wires, when the microsphere particles carrying electric charges are accumulated at one end of the cavity, the cavity moves relative to the shell until the gate block is in contact with one of the fixed electrodes to connect the source electrode ring and the drain electrode ring, and a current is generated in the wire due to the potential difference between the source electrode ring and the drain electrode ring.

[0013] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the transistor-like nanogenerator further comprises an inner tube, a source block and a drain block, the inner tube is installed in the cavity, a containing space is formed between the cavity and the inner tube, and the microsphere particles are contained in the containing space; the source block is installed at the first end inside the inner tube and is electrically connected with the source electrode ring, and the drain block is installed at the second end inside the inner tube and is electrically connected with the drain electrode ring; wherein the microsphere particles generate electric charges through mutual friction with the outer wall of the inner tube, and the source block and the drain block are capable of electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles.

[0014] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the total volume of all the microsphere particles is less than half of the volume of the containing space.

[0015] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the number of the inner tubes is multiple, and the inner tubes are distributed in a circumferential array around the central axis of the cavity.

[0016] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, each of the inner tubes is parallel to the central axis of the cavity.

[0017] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the two ends of the cavity are sealed by a cover, which is detachably connected to the cavity.

[0018] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the number of the slide rails is at least two and parallel to each other, the transistor-like nanogenerator further comprises a slide block, which is fixed to the outside of the cavity and in sliding connection with the slide rails, the sum of the number of the gate blocks and the slide blocks is consistent with the number of the slide rails, and the gate blocks and the slide blocks are in one-to-one correspondence with the slide rails in sliding connection.

[0019] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the shell is transparent.

[0020] According to the first aspect of the present application, further, the material of the cavity is FEP, PTFE or PP; the material of the microsphere particles is metal, plastic, glass or polymer, and the microsphere particles are solid particles or hollow particles.

[0021] According to the second aspect of the present application, a working method for the transistor-like nanogenerator is provided, comprising:

[0022] S100. Filling the microsphere particles into the interior of the cavity;

[0023] S200. Sealing the cavity, and electrically connecting the source ring and the drain ring to an external electrical device by a wire;

[0024] S300. Shaking the cavity, and generating electric charges by mutual friction between the microsphere particles and the cavity;

[0025] S400. When the cavity is stationary:

[0026] S411. If the microsphere particles are mainly accumulated at the first end of the cavity, the source ring is in electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles;

[0027] S412. The cavity slides relative to the shell until the gate block contacts one of the fixed electrodes, at which time the source ring and the drain ring are electrically connected through the gate block and the fixed electrode;

[0028] S421. If the microsphere particles are mainly accumulated at the second end of the cavity, the drain ring is in electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles;

[0029] S422. The cavity slides relative to the housing until the gate block contacts one of the fixed electrodes, at which point the source ring and the drain ring are electrically connected via the gate block and the fixed electrode;

[0030] S500. The potential difference between the source ring and the drain ring generates a current, which flows through the wire to the electrical device;

[0031] S600. Cycle the movement and stillness of the cavity to achieve continuous power generation.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application include at least: the present application generates electric charge through the friction between the microsphere particles and the cavity, and changes the potential difference between the source ring and the drain ring through electrostatic induction, thereby completing power generation; after the microsphere particles accumulate at one end of the cavity, electric potential energy is accumulated on the source ring or the drain ring, and the charge on the source ring and the drain ring only begins to move after the gate block contacts the fixed electrode, thereby improving the instantaneous output density; since the charge is quickly transferred at the moment the gate block contacts the fixed electrode, the theoretical internal resistance of the device is 0, which can solve the problem of excessively high internal resistance of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Those skilled in the art can also derive other design solutions and drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a transistor-like nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a transistor-like nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of a transistor-type nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 The voltage measured when the transistor nanogenerator of the first embodiment of the present application is subjected to a periodic external force with an external resistance of 4.7 megohms;

[0038] Figure 5 The short-circuit charge measured when the transistor nanogenerator according to the first embodiment of the present application is subjected to a periodic external force with an external resistance of 4.7 megohms;

[0039] Figure 6is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit current of the transistor-like nanogenerator of the first aspect of the present application changing with time when the transistor-like nanogenerator is subjected to a periodic external force under an external resistance of 4.7 megaohms;

[0040] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the instantaneous power density of the transistor-like nanogenerator of the first aspect of the present application;

[0041] Figure 8 is a comparison diagram of the space charge density and the instantaneous power density of the transistor-like nanogenerator of the first aspect of the present application and some of the existing nanogenerators.

[0042] The reference signs: 100-cavity, 110-gate block, 120-closure, 200-microsphere particles, 300-source ring, 400-drain ring, 500-outer shell, 600-sliding rail, 610-fixed electrode, 700-inner tube, 800-source block, 900-drain block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present application in detail, the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part with graphics, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, several meanings are one or more, and multiple meanings are more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are not included in the number, and above, below, etc. are understood to include the number. If the first, second is described, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0046] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be broadly understood, and the person skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0047] The practical application of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is affected by its limited charge output and excessively high internal impedance, which largely hinders its application in real life. In view of the low charge density output, previous studies mainly improved the charge output through strategies such as material optimization, structure improvement, surface modification and environment control. It is worth noting that the ordinary corona charging method has successfully increased the charge density to 240 μC / m 2 , and even reached 1003 μC / m 2 under high vacuum conditions. However, this method requires strict environmental conditions. In order to solve the problem of excessively high device impedance, some studies have also adopted power management circuits, which effectively reduce the internal resistance of the device. However, these power management circuits have a serious burden on the volume of the device due to the introduction of multiple transistors and capacitors, and electronic components consume a considerable proportion of output power, thereby hindering the effective transmission of energy.

[0048] In order to bridge the gap between theory and practical application, further device structures are urgently needed to meet the requirements of high output charge density and small internal impedance, and the device structure requires simplicity and easy preparation, and can be applied to devices under various specific environmental conditions.

[0049] To this end, the application provides a kind of transistor-like nanogenerator and its working method, which generates charges by the friction between microsphere particles 200 and cavity 100, and changes the potential difference between source ring 300 and drain ring 400 through electrostatic induction, thereby completing power generation; after the microsphere particles 200 accumulate to one end of the cavity 100, the potential energy accumulates on the source ring 300 or the drain ring 400, and the charges on the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 begin to move only after the gate block 110 contacts the fixed electrode 610, thereby improving the instantaneous output density; since the charges are rapidly transferred at the moment when the gate block 110 contacts the fixed electrode 610, the theoretical internal resistance of the device is 0, which can solve the problem of excessively high device impedance.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The transistor-like nanometer generator in the first aspect of the present application comprises a cavity 100, microsphere particles 200, a source ring 300, a drain ring 400, an outer shell 500, and a sliding rail 600. The cavity 100 is the main structure of the transistor-like nanometer generator, which is closed at both ends, and a gate block 110 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the cavity 100. A plurality of microsphere particles 200 are arranged in the cavity 100, and the microsphere particles 200 can move freely in the cavity 100 to generate electric charges by mutual friction with the inner wall of the cavity 100. The source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 are both sleeved on the outer side of the cavity 100, except that the source ring 300 is close to the first end of the cavity 100 and the drain ring 400 is close to the second end of the cavity 100, and the two are separated from each other to avoid the flow of electric charges. The drain ring 400 is electrically connected with the gate block 110.

[0051] The outer shell 500 is sleeved on the outer side of the cavity 100, which is a transparent piece, and the cavity 100 can be seen through the outer shell 500. The outer shell 500 is provided with a sliding rail 600, both ends of the sliding rail 600 are provided with a fixed electrode 610, and the two fixed electrodes 610 are electrically connected with the source ring 300. The sliding rail 600 is in sliding connection with the gate block 110, so that the outer shell 500 can slide relative to the cavity 100, and the gate block 110 can be in contact with one of the two fixed electrodes 610 to make the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 conductive. The source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 are electrically connected to external electrical equipment through wires, respectively.

[0052] Further, the transistor-like nanometer generator further comprises an inner tube 700, a source block 800, and a drain block 900. The inner tube 700 is installed in the cavity 100, and a containing space is formed between the cavity 100 and the inner tube 700, and the microsphere particles 200 are contained in the containing space. The microsphere particles 200 can generate electric charges by mutual friction with the outer wall of the inner tube 700, and by providing the inner tube 700, the microsphere particles 200 located inside can also participate in the generation of electric charges by friction, thereby improving the electric power generation efficiency. The source block 800 is installed at the first end inside the inner tube 700 and is electrically connected with the source ring 300, and the drain block 900 is installed at the second end inside the inner tube 700 and is electrically connected with the drain ring 400, and the source block 800 and the drain block 900 are separated from each other to prevent the direct flow of electric charges.

[0053] In order to provide sufficient movement space for the microsphere particles 200, the total volume of all the microsphere particles 200 is less than half of the volume of the containing space.

[0054] Therefore, the inside of the accumulated microsphere particle 200 cluster can be electrostatically induced with the source block 800 and the drain block 900 in the inner tube 700, the electric charges on the source block 800 are collected to the source ring 300, and the electric charges on the drain block 900 are collected to the drain ring 400, thereby improving the electric charge transfer efficiency.

[0055] Further, the number of inner tubes 700 is multiple and arranged in a circular array around the central axis of the cavity 100, further increasing the contact area with the microsphere particles 200.

[0056] Further, each inner tube 700 is parallel to the central axis of the cavity 100, reducing the obstruction to the movement of the microsphere particles 200.

[0057] Further, the two ends of the cavity 100 are sealed by the cover 120, which is detachably connected to the cavity 100. The internal space of the cavity 100 can be exposed by disassembling the cover 120, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the inside of the cavity 100, and also facilitating the removal and replacement of the microsphere particles 200 therein.

[0058] Further, the number of slide rails 600 is at least two and parallel to each other. The transistor nanogenerator also includes a sliding block fixed to the outside of the cavity 100 and in sliding connection with the slide rails 600. The sum of the number of gate blocks 110 and the number of sliding blocks is consistent with the number of slide rails 600, and the gate blocks 110 and the sliding blocks are in one-to-one correspondence with the slide rails 600 in sliding connection. The sliding block is not conductive compared to the gate block 110, but can be in sliding connection with the slide rail 600, thereby making the relative sliding of the cavity 100 and the shell 500 more stable. The number of gate blocks 110 is at least one, and the ratio of the number of sliding blocks to the number of gate blocks 110 can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0059] Further, the material of the cavity 100 is FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or PP (polypropylene), and can also be a composite material with an embedded charged film layer on the tube wall. The selected material is opposite in polarity to the microsphere particles 200. The diameter of the cavity 100 ranges from 0.1 to 5 cm, the length ranges from 0.1 to 50 cm, and the tube wall thickness ranges from 0.005 to 2 mm.

[0060] The charge on the inner wall of the cavity 100 can be generated by friction electrification with the microsphere particles 200 in the tube, or can be obtained by surface physical or chemical treatment, charge injection, electret polarization, etc.

[0061] Further, the material of the microsphere particles 200 is metal (such as copper, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, iron, aluminum), plastic (polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene), glass, other polymers (silica gel, polydimethylsiloxane), and the microsphere particles 200 are solid particles or hollow particles. The diameter of the microsphere particles 200 ranges from 0.1 to 5 mm.

[0062] The surface charge of the microsphere particles 200 can be generated by tribocharging, or can be obtained by surface modification, surface coating, charge injection, electret polarization, etc.

[0063] Further, the materials of the source ring 300, the drain ring 400, the source block 800 and the drain block 900 are all metal materials (such as copper, silver or aluminum, etc.).

[0064] The working method of the above-mentioned transistor-like nanogenerator in the second aspect of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0065] S100. Filling the microsphere particles 200 into the inside of the cavity 100;

[0066] S200. Sealing the cavity 100, and electrically connecting the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 to the external electrical equipment by wires;

[0067] S300. Shaking the cavity 100, and generating charges by mutual friction between the microsphere particles 200 and the cavity 100;

[0068] S400. When the cavity 100 is static:

[0069] S411. Referring to a of Figure 3 , if the microsphere particles 200 mainly accumulate at the first end of the cavity 100, the source ring 300 is electrostatically induced with the microsphere particles 200;

[0070] S412. Sliding the cavity 100 relative to the shell 500, and accumulating potential energy in the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 until the gate block 110 contacts one of the fixed electrodes 610, referring to b of Figure 3 , at this time, the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 are electrically connected through the gate block 110 and the fixed electrode 610;

[0071] S421. Referring to c of Figure 3 , if the microsphere particles 200 mainly accumulate at the second end of the cavity 100, the drain ring 400 is electrostatically induced with the microsphere particles 200;

[0072] S422. Sliding the cavity 100 relative to the shell 500, and accumulating potential energy in the source ring 300 or the drain ring 400 until the gate block 110 contacts one of the fixed electrodes 610, referring to d of Figure 3 , at this time, the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 are electrically connected through the gate block 110 and the fixed electrode 610;

[0073] S500. The potential difference between the source ring 300 and the drain ring 400 generates an electric current, and the electric current flows to the electrical equipment through the wires;

[0074] S600. Cycle the movement and rest of the cavity 100 to achieve continuous power generation.

[0075] The application adopts a transistor-like switch structure. When the gate block 110 is in contact with the fixed electrode 610 to turn on the circuit, the charge can be quickly transferred, the theoretical internal resistance of the device is 0, the high internal resistance problem existing in the traditional TENG device is avoided, the internal resistance of the device is reduced, and the instantaneous power output density when turned on is improved.

[0076] Figure 4 And Figure 5 The voltage and current of the transistor nanogenerator of the present application at 4.7 megaohms are shown, Figure 6 The output current and integrated charge of the transistor nanogenerator of the present application at 4.7 megaohms are shown. From the measurement results, the maximum voltage of the transistor nanogenerator of the present application at 4.7 megaohms is about 800 V, the current is about 0.17 mA, the integrated charge is about 115 nC, and the space charge density can be as high as about 17 nC / cm 3 .

[0077] Figure 7 The voltage and current of the transistor nanogenerator of the present application at different resistances are shown, and the maximum output power of the device is calculated, which is about 10 MW / m 3 . It can basically meet the power generation demand.

[0078] Figure 8 The transistor nanogenerator of the present application is compared with some existing friction nanogenerators in terms of space charge density and instantaneous power density. It can be seen that the space charge density and instantaneous power density of the transistor nanogenerator of the present application are the highest. The listed part of the nanogenerator is the existing technology disclosed, and the specific data can be referred to the following table:

[0079]

[0080] Reference:

[0081] [1] QIU H, WANG H, XU L, et al. Brownian motor inspired monodirectional continuous spinning triboelectric nanogenerators for extracting energy from irregular gentle water waves [J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2023, 16(2): 473-83.

[0082] [2]ZHOU Q, WANG B, GAO A, et al. Solution-Tube-Based Volume Effect Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Salt and pH Sensitivity [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(47): 2209100.

[0083] [3]CHENG P, GUO H, WEN Z, et al. Largely enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient harvesting of water wave energy by soft contacted structure [J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 57: 432-9.

[0084] [4]LIU S, LIANG X, CHEN P, et al. Multilayered Helical Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Charge Shuttling for Water Wave Energy Harvesting [J]. Small Methods, 2023, 7(3): 2201392.

[0085] [5]ZHANG C, ZHOU L, CHENG P, et al. Bifilar-Pendulum-Assisted Multilayer-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wave Energy Harvesting [J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(12): 2003616.

[0086] [6]WANG H, XU L, BAI Y, et al. Pumping up the charge density of a triboelectric nanogenerator by charge-shuttling [J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 4203.

[0087] [7]WU H, WANG Z, ZI Y. Multi-Mode Water-Tube-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Designed for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting with Ultrahigh Volumetric Charge Density [J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(16):2100038.

[0088] The above is a specific description of the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the embodiments described, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements without departing from the spirit of the present application. These equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A transistor-like nanogenerator, characterized in that: include: A cavity (100), wherein both ends of the cavity (100) are closed, and a gate block (110) is fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the cavity (100); Microsphere particles (200), wherein the number of the microsphere particles (200) is plural and all are disposed in the cavity (100), the microsphere particles (200) are capable of freely moving in the cavity (100), and the microsphere particles (200) are capable of generating electric charge by friction with the inner wall of the cavity (100); a source ring (300), the source ring (300) being sleeved on the outside of the cavity (100), the source ring (300) being close to the first end of the cavity (100); a drain ring (400), the drain ring (400) being sleeved on the outside of the cavity (100), the drain ring (400) being close to the second end of the cavity (100), and the drain ring (400) being electrically connected to the gate block (110); A housing (500) is provided with a slide rail (600), fixed electrodes (610) are installed at both ends of the slide rail (600), and the fixed electrodes (610) are electrically connected to the source ring (300); the slide rail (600) is slidably connected to the gate block (110), and the gate block (110) can contact one of the two fixed electrodes (610); The microsphere particles (200) rub against the inner wall of the cavity (100) to generate electric charges, and the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) can both generate electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles (200); the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) are separated from each other, and the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) are respectively electrically connected to external electrical equipment through wires; when the microsphere particles (200) carrying electric charges are accumulated at one end of the cavity (100), the cavity (100) moves relative to the housing (500) until the gate block (110) contacts one of the fixed electrodes (610) to connect the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400), and the potential difference caused by the charge transfer between the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) due to electrostatic induction generates current in the wire.

2. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transistor-like nanogenerator further comprises an inner tube (700), a source block (800) and a drain block (900); the inner tube (700) is installed in the cavity (100); a containing space is formed between the cavity (100) and the inner tube (700); the microsphere particles (200) are contained in the containing space; the source block (800) is installed at a first end inside the inner tube (700) and is electrically connected to the source ring (300); the drain block (900) is installed at a second end inside the inner tube (700) and is electrically connected to the drain ring (400); wherein the microsphere particles (200) and the outer wall of the inner tube (700) rub against each other to generate electric charges, and both the source block (800) and the drain block (900) can generate electrostatic induction with the microsphere particles (200).

3. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total volume of all the microsphere particles (200) is less than half of the volume of the accommodating space.

4. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple inner tubes (700) and they are distributed in a circular array around the central axis of the cavity (100).

5. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the inner tubes (700) is parallel to the central axis of the cavity (100).

6. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the cavity (100) are sealed by a cover (120), and the cover (120) is detachably connected to the cavity (100).

7. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the slide rails (600) is at least two and they are parallel to each other. The transistor-like nanogenerator further includes a slider, which is fixed to the outside of the cavity (100) and is slidably connected to the slide rail (600). The sum of the number of the gate blocks (110) and the sliders is consistent with the number of the slide rails (600). The gate blocks (110) and the sliders are slidably connected to the slide rails (600) in a one-to-one correspondence.

8. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (500) is a transparent piece.

9. The transistor-like nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the cavity (100) is FEP, PTFE or PP; the material of the microsphere particles (200) is metal, plastic, glass or polymer, and the microsphere particles (200) are solid particles or hollow particles.

10. A method for operating the transistor-like nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S100. Filling the microsphere particles (200) into the interior of the cavity (100); S200. The cavity (100) is sealed, and the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) are electrically connected to an external electrical device using a wire; S300. Shake the cavity (100), and the microsphere particles (200) and the cavity (100) rub against each other to generate electric charges; S400. When the cavity (100) is tilted and stationary: S411. If the microsphere particles (200) are mainly accumulated at the first end of the cavity (100), the source ring (300) and the microsphere particles (200) generate electrostatic induction; S412. The cavity (100) slides relative to the housing (500) until the gate block (110) contacts one of the fixed electrodes (610), and at this time, the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) are electrically connected through the gate block (110) and the fixed electrode (610); S421. If the microsphere particles (200) are mainly accumulated at the second end of the cavity (100), the drain ring (400) and the microsphere particles (200) are electrostatically induced; S422. The cavity (100) slides relative to the housing (500) until the gate block (110) contacts one of the fixed electrodes (610), and at this time, the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) are electrically connected through the gate block (110) and the fixed electrode (610); S500. The potential difference between the source ring (300) and the drain ring (400) generates a current, and the current flows to the electrical device through the wire; S600. Cycle the movement and stillness of the cavity (100) to achieve continuous power generation.

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