A red light emitting gel factor, fibrous gel soft material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of organic supramolecular chemical materials, and in particular to a red light emitting gel factor, a fibrous gel soft material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The gel factor is a cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound, which exhibits red light emission in a solution state and has a strong affinity for Cu 2+ The invention has good single selectivity and fluorescence "on-off" detection response; the gel factor can form a rod-shaped fiber gel soft material in a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol with a volume ratio of 3:2, and the fiber gel soft material encounters Cu 2+ Then its red fluorescence emission is quenched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic supramolecular chemical materials, and in particular to a red light emitting gel factor, a fibrous gel soft material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the progress of human society and the rapid development of economy, the imbalance of heavy metal ions in the environment has posed a serious threat to human beings and the entire ecological environment. For example, if the wastewater generated by industrial production processes contains a large amount of heavy metal ions, these heavy metal ions are not treated and are directly discharged into nature, causing heavy metal ion pollution in water and soil, and finally continue to accumulate in animals and plants, causing irreversible disease damage to humans through the food chain. Therefore, how to detect and remove heavy metal ions in the environment and restore ecological balance has become an urgent problem to be solved. Traditional ion detection technologies are mostly based on physical sensors, such as ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, etc., but these physical sensors often have limitations such as expensive equipment and instruments, complicated operating procedures, difficult on-site processing, and the need for professional detection personnel. In order to solve this problem, people urgently need a sensor device that is convenient and fast, cheap, efficient and sensitive, simple to operate, and can adsorb relevant ions.

[0003] As a class of tunable soft materials with great development potential, supramolecular gels have the characteristics of regular structure, large interface area, and sensitive response to external stimuli. They have broad application prospects in drug delivery, optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, etc. As an important branch of supramolecular gels, organic small molecule gels form a three-dimensional mesh nanostructure similar to "jelly" by winding and fixing organic solvents with gel factors; in the self-assembly process, the driving force is mainly non-covalent bond forces such as π-π interaction, hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction. Since the interaction between these molecules is very weak, they are easily affected by external environment (such as light, electricity, pH, ions, small molecules, etc.); in addition, the response of organic small molecule gels to external stimuli is often visible to the naked eye, such as color change (colorimetric response), gel-sol transition (state response), etc. Therefore, as a new type of intelligent soft material, organic small molecule gels have moderate flexibility, elasticity, and excellent characteristics such as rapid response to external stimuli, intuitive signals, high sensitivity, and simple operation, which make them have great potential in the field of heavy metal ion detection and removal. Many organic small molecule gels with different functions have been developed and reported one after another. During this period, organic small molecule fluorescent gels have great application potential in environmental sensing, bioimaging and tissue engineering due to their unique luminescence properties; in particular, red-light-emitting organic small molecule gel factors (emission wavelength exceeds 650nm) can avoid the interference of sample self-luminescence, and have the characteristics of highly sensitive chemical analysis and bioluminescence imaging, which has aroused the research interest and attention of scientific researchers. However, there are several problems in the preparation process of organic small molecule luminescent gels that have always troubled researchers: first, the gel preparation process is complicated and cumbersome, the time cycle is long, and the R&D cost is high; secondly, the hydrophobicity of the fluorophore may affect the stability of the gel structure during frequent swelling-de-swelling processes. In addition, the biggest difficulty in the development of fluorescent gels is that traditional fluorophores will undergo fluorescence quenching due to aggregation, which will cause the fluorescent gel to be unable to emit light normally. Therefore, the development of organic small molecule gel factors that are easy to prepare, quick and sensitive to respond, and emit red light is also urgently needed in various monitoring fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a red light emitting gel factor, a fibrous gel soft material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A red light emitting gel factor, wherein the gel factor is a cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound, and the structure thereof is:

[0007] .

[0008] The red light emitting gel factor is easy to prepare and can form a rod-shaped fiber gel that emits red light in a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol with a volume ratio of 3:2. The fluorescence emission of the formed red light gel encounters Cu 2+ Quenching, single molecule gel factor solution encounters Cu 2+ After that, the red emission is also quenched, which can realize the dual state of gel and sol for Cu 2+ Fast and sensitive detection of ions.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Put 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into a round-bottom flask containing anhydrous ethanol, add diaminomaleonitrile and glacial acetic acid in sequence, and heat to reflux for 6 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain an orange-red monomaleonitrile-8-hydroxyjuronidin compound;

[0011] S2. Under the protection of N2, cholesterol was placed in a round-bottom flask containing dry chloroform, and chloroacetyl chloride and pyridine were added in sequence, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 10 hours; the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated solution of NaHCO3, extracted with chloroform, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, and recrystallized to obtain a white cholesterol chloroacetate compound;

[0012] S3, placing 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in a round-bottom flask containing dry acetonitrile, adding K2CO3 and reflux for 2 hours, then adding cholesterol chloroacetate compound, continuing to reflux for 5 hours, evaporating the reaction mixture to dryness, adding water and extracting with CH2Cl2, and separating by column chromatography to obtain cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound;

[0013] S4. The monomaleonitrile-8-hydroxyjuronidine compound obtained in step S1 is placed in a round-bottom flask containing a dichloromethane-anhydrous ethanol mixed solvent, and the cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound and sulfuric acid obtained in step S3 are added, and the temperature is raised to reflux for reaction for 6-8 hours; the reaction mixture is filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried to obtain a purple cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the molar ratio of the 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde to diaminomaleonitrile is 1:1; the amount of anhydrous ethanol added is 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol for every 1 mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde; and the amount of glacial acetic acid added is 100 μL of glacial acetic acid for every 1 mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde.

[0015] Further, in step S2, the molar ratio of cholesterol to chloroacetyl chloride is 1:1, the molar ratio of pyridine to cholesterol is 1:2, and the amount of chloroform added is 18 mL of chloroform per 1 mmol of cholesterol;

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the molar ratio of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to potassium carbonate is 1:2, the molar ratio of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to cholesterol chloroacetate compound is 1:1, and the amount of acetonitrile added is 20 mL of acetonitrile for every 1 mmol of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

[0017] Further, in step S4, the molar ratio of the monomaleonitrile-8-hydroxyjuronidine compound and the cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde is 1:1, the volume ratio of dichloromethane and anhydrous ethanol in the mixed solvent is 1:1, the amount of the mixed solvent added is limited to 40 mL of the mixed solvent for every 1 mmol of the monomaleonitrile-juronidine compound, and the amount of sulfuric acid added is 100 μL of sulfuric acid for every 1 mmol of cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde.

[0018] The preparation reaction formula of the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor is:

[0019] .

[0020] The third object of the present invention is to provide a fibrous gel soft material prepared using the red light emitting gel factor, wherein the microscopic morphology of the fibrous gel soft material is a three-dimensional rod-like fiber structure stacked on top of each other.

[0021] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a rod-shaped fibrous gel soft material, comprising the following steps:

[0022] 40 mg of gel factor was placed in a small reagent bottle, and 1 mL of a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol in a volume ratio of 3:2 was added. After heating to 70°C, it was allowed to stand and slowly cool. After 20 minutes, a rod-shaped fiber gel emitting red light was formed.

[0023] The fifth object of the present invention is to provide the red light emitting gel factor in Cu 2+ Applications of ion detection.

[0024] Furthermore, the red light emitting gel factor in solution has an effect on Cu 2+ It exhibits the fluorescence "on-off" signal detection function, which is specifically manifested as follows:

[0025] In the fluorescence emission spectrum of the gel factor solution, when no metal ions are added, the red light emitting gel factor has a strong maximum fluorescence emission peak near 662nm. 2+After that, the maximum fluorescence emission intensity decreased by 71%; the corresponding solution color also changed accordingly: the gel factor solution appeared red-purple under sunlight, and the addition of Cu 2+ The solution turned dark green; the gel factor solution turned bright red under UV light, and the addition of Cu 2+ After that, the solution turned weak red; after other metal ions were added, the maximum fluorescence emission of the red light compound did not show obvious changes.

[0026] The sixth object of the present invention is to provide a rod-shaped fiber gel soft material prepared by using the red light emitting gel factor on Cu 2+ Applications of ion detection.

[0027] Furthermore, Cu is added to the rod-shaped fiber gel soft material. 2+ After that, the red fluorescence emission of the system was quenched, giving the rod-like fiber gel soft material the ability to analyze and monitor Cu 2+ Function.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor can form a rod-shaped fiber gel soft material in a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol in a volume ratio of 3:2, and the formed rod-shaped fiber gel soft material encounters Cu 2+ Its red fluorescence emission was quenched; cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor showed red emission in solution state and was sensitive to Cu 2+ It has good single selectivity and fluorescence "on-off" detection response; the gel factor reacts with Cu in both gel and solution states. 2+ The detection response is fast, convenient, and sensitive, and has high application value; the gel formation process of the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor provided by the present invention has the advantages of mild synthesis conditions and simple preparation, which creates favorable conditions for the promotion and application of the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Mass spectrum of gel factor.

[0030] Figure 2 SEM image of rod-shaped fiber gel soft material prepared with a gel factor of 2 μm.

[0031] Figure 3 SEM image of the rod-shaped fiber gel soft material prepared with a gel factor of 10 μm.

[0032] Figure 4 These are photos of rod-shaped fiber gel soft materials prepared under sunlight and ultraviolet light.

[0033] Figure 5This is a graph showing the fluorescence emission performance of gel factor for different metal ions.

[0034] Figure 6 Adding Cu to the gel factor under sunlight and UV light 2+ After photos.

[0035] Figure 7 is the gel factor for different concentrations of Cu 2+ Fluorescence emission performance graph.

[0036] Figure 8 Cu 2+ Competitive performance diagram with other metal ions.

[0037] Fig. 9 The fluorescence emission spectra of the gel factor in different acidic environments.

[0038] Fig.10 Detection of Cu for gelation factor in acidic environment 2+ Fluorescence emission spectrum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention discloses a red light emitting gel factor, the molecular structure of which is:

[0040] .

[0041] The red light emitting gel factor is prepared by a four-step polymerization reaction using cholesterol, chloroacetyl chloride, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, diaminomaleonitrile and 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuradol aldehyde as reaction raw materials, and the synthesis reaction formula is:

[0042] .

[0043] Example 1

[0044] S1. Put 2mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into a round-bottom flask containing 20mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 2mmol of diaminomaleonitrile and 200μL of glacial acetic acid in sequence, and heat to reflux for 4 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain an orange-red monomaleonitrile-juronidin aldehyde compound;

[0045] S2. Under N2 protection, put 1 mmol of cholesterol into a round-bottom flask containing 18 mL of dry chloroform, add 1 mmol of chloroacetyl chloride and 0.5 mmol of pyridine in sequence, and continue stirring at room temperature for 10 hours; neutralize the reaction mixture with a saturated solution of NaHCO3, extract with chloroform, dry with anhydrous Na2SO4, and recrystallize to obtain a cholesterol chloroacetate compound.

[0046] S3, adding 2 mmol K2CO3 to a round-bottom flask containing 1 mmol 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 20 mL dry acetonitrile, and refluxing for 2 h, then adding 1 mmol cholesterol chloroacetate compound, and continuing the reflux reaction for 5 hours, evaporating the reaction mixture to dryness, adding water, extracting with CH2Cl2, and separating by column chromatography to obtain cholesterol acetate modified benzaldehyde compound;

[0047] S4. Place 1 mmol of monomaleonitrile-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into 40 mL of a 1:1 dichloromethane-ethanol mixed solvent, add 1 mmol of cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound and 100 μL of sulfuric acid, and heat to reflux for 4 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain a purple cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidin gelling factor compound A, 495.3 mg, with a yield of 53%.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] S1. Place 1 mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into a round-bottom flask containing 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 1 mmol of diaminomaleonitrile and 100 μL of glacial acetic acid in sequence, and heat to reflux for 4 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain an orange-red monomaleonitrile-juronidin compound;

[0050] S2. Under N2 protection, 0.5 mmol of cholesterol was placed in a round-bottom flask containing 9 mL of dry chloroform, and 0.5 mmol of chloroacetyl chloride and 0.25 mmol of pyridine were added in sequence, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 hours; the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated solution of NaHCO3, extracted with chloroform, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, and recrystallized to obtain a cholesterol chloroacetate compound;

[0051] S3, adding 1 mmol K2CO3 to a round-bottom flask containing 0.5 mmol 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 10 mL dry acetonitrile, and refluxing for 2 h, then adding 0.5 mmol cholesterol chloroacetate compound, and continuing the reflux reaction for 5 hours, evaporating the reaction mixture to dryness, adding water, extracting with CH2Cl2, and separating by column chromatography to obtain cholesterol acetate modified benzaldehyde compound;

[0052] S4. Place 0.5 mmol of monomaleonitrile-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into 20 mL of a 1:1 dichloromethane-ethanol mixed solvent, add 0.5 mmol of cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound and 50 μL of sulfuric acid, and heat to reflux for 8 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain a purple cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidin gelling factor compound B, 266.3 mg, with a yield of 57%.

[0053] The compounds A and B obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were analyzed and determined. The mass spectra of the two compounds were Figure 1 To, see Figure 1 The data are as follows: MS (MALDI-TOP) data are as follows: The MALDI-TOP result of compound A / B is 934.21, and the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound (C 60 H 80 N5O4) calculated molecular weight 934.62; elemental analysis results of compound A / B were: C77.17, H8.41, N7.38; cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound (C 60 H 80 N5O4) The theoretical analysis results are: C77.05, H8.62, N, 7.49; indicating that the theoretical values ​​of compound A / B are basically consistent with those of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the molecular structures of compounds A and B are:

[0054] , that is, cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The fibrous gel soft material is prepared by using the red light emitting gel factor. The gel formation process is tested by a "heating-cooling" method and a "test tube inversion method".

[0057] Take 40 mg of gel factor and add it to different vials of penicillin, then add 1 mL of different organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, nitrobenzene, chloroform-methanol (3:2, v:v), dichloromethane-methanol (3:2, v:v), etc., heat it to 70°C and let it stand to cool slowly. After 20 minutes, only the gel factor added with chloroform-methanol (3:2, v:v) mixed solvent forms a fibrous gel soft material.

[0058] The obtained fibrous gel soft material was placed under a scanning electron microscope to observe its morphology and structure. It was found that the microscopic morphology of the gel soft material was a three-dimensional rod-like fiber structure stacked on top of each other. For specific results, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The fibrous gel soft material formed appears bright red under ultraviolet light, and the addition of Cu 2+ The solution then turned weak red, indicating that the gel soft material has good resistance to Cu 2+ Sensitive, intuitive and rapid detection potential, see Figure 4 .

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Red fluorescence signal detection performance of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor for different metal ions:

[0061] In a 10% H2O-DMF mixed solvent, the concentration was 1×10 -5 mol / L cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor has a maximum fluorescence emission peak at 662nm; 10 times the molar equivalent of Li + 、Na + , K + , Ca 2+ Mg 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Co 2+ , Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Al 3+ , Fe 3+ After the addition of metal ions, the maximum fluorescence emission of the gel factor at 662nm did not change significantly. 2+ After addition, although the maximum fluorescence emission peak position of the gel factor did not change, its fluorescence emission intensity decreased by 71%; the color of the solution changed accordingly: the gel factor solution appeared red-purple under sunlight, and 2+ After that, the solution turned dark green; under ultraviolet light, the gel factor solution turned bright red, and after adding Cu 2+ The solution then turned weak red; see Figure 5 and Figure 6 ; It shows that cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound has an effect on Cu 2+ Intuitive color change of ions and sensitive fluorescence "on-off" dual signal monitoring response.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] Effect of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor on the performance of different concentrations of Cu 2+ Optical detection function:

[0064] In a 10% H2O-DMF mixed solvent, the concentration was 1×10-5 mol / L cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gelling factor compound was added with Cu 2+ When the concentration increases from 0 to 1.5 times the molar equivalent, the maximum fluorescence emission of the compound near 662nm gradually decreases; then continue to increase Cu 2+ The fluorescence emission spectrum remains basically unchanged even when the concentration reaches 10 times the molar equivalent. For specific results, see Figure 7 , indicating that the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor has an effect on Cu 2+ Possesses sensitive fluorescence "off-on" signal detection potential.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] Cu in cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor 2+ Competitive spectroscopy performance with other metal ions:

[0067] At a concentration of 1×10 -5 mol / L cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound 10% H2O-DMF mixed solvent was added with 10 times molar equivalent of Cu 2+ and other different metal ions. The fluorescence emission spectrum study of the mixed system showed that when 10 times the molar equivalent of Cu was added to the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor, 2+ After that, the maximum fluorescence emission intensity at 662nm decreased; when Li + 、Na + , K + , Ca 2+ Mg 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Al 3+ , Fe 3+ Metal ions such as Cu 2+ After adding cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor at the same time, the fluorescence emission of the mixed system of the three is similar to that of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor-Cu 2+ The fluorescence of the system is similar, and the specific results can be found in Figure 8 , indicating that even if Cu 2+ When coexisting with other metal ions, cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound has a strong affinity for Cu 2+ Still showing good spectroscopic detection performance.

[0068] Example 7

[0069] Fluorescence function of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor compound in different acidic environments:

[0070] In a 10% H2O-DMF mixed solvent, the concentration was 1×10 -5 The fluorescence emission spectra of the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor with different concentrations of HCl are as follows: As the HCl concentration increases from 0 to 400 times the molar amount, the maximum fluorescence emission of the gel factor near 662nm changes slightly. The specific results are shown in Fig. 9 ; Add 100 times HCl and 10 times Cu to the gel factor solution at the same time 2+ ions, its fluorescence emission decreased, and it was similar to that of cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor-Cu 2+ The fluorescence emission spectra are similar, see Fig.10 , indicating that the cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine gel factor has a certain stability in acid environment, but can be used as a fluorescent "on-off" sensor to detect Cu in acidic environment 2+ .

[0071] In summary, the red light emitting gel factor material is easy to prepare, can form a fibrous gel in a chloroform-methanol (3:2) mixed solvent, and both its gel and solution states exhibit red fluorescence emission and have a strong affinity for Cu 2+ With sensitive red fluorescence emission "on-off" detection signal, it can realize Cu 2 Fast, precise detection.

Claims

1. A red light emitting gel factor, characterized in that: The gel factor is a cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound, and its structure is: 。 2. A method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Put 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde into a round-bottom flask containing anhydrous ethanol, add diaminomaleonitrile and glacial acetic acid in sequence, and heat to reflux for 6 hours; filter the reaction mixture, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain an orange-red monomaleonitrile-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin compound; S2. Under the protection of N2, cholesterol was placed in a round-bottom flask containing dry chloroform, and chloroacetyl chloride and pyridine were added in sequence, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 10 hours; the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated solution of NaHCO3, extracted with chloroform, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, and recrystallized to obtain a white cholesterol chloroacetate compound; S3, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is placed in a round-bottom flask containing dry acetonitrile, K2CO3 is added and refluxed for 2 hours, then cholesterol chloroacetate compound is added and refluxed for 5 hours, the reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness, water is added and then extracted with CH2Cl2, and column chromatography is used to separate the cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound; S4. The monomaleonitrile-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidine compound obtained in step S1 is placed in a round-bottom flask containing a dichloromethane-anhydrous ethanol mixed solvent, and the cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde compound and sulfuric acid obtained in step S3 are added, and the temperature is raised to reflux for reaction for 6-8 hours; the reaction mixture is filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried to obtain a purple cholesterol-phenyl-maleonitrile-juronidine compound.

3. The method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the molar ratio of the 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde to diaminomaleonitrile is 1:1; the amount of anhydrous ethanol added is 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol per 1 mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde; and the amount of glacial acetic acid added is 100 μL of glacial acetic acid per 1 mmol of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidin aldehyde.

4. The method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the molar ratio of cholesterol to chloroacetyl chloride is 1:1, the molar ratio of pyridine to cholesterol is 1:2, and the amount of chloroform added is 18 mL of chloroform per 1 mmol of cholesterol.

5. The method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the molar ratio of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to potassium carbonate is 1:2, the molar ratio of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to cholesterol chloroacetate compound is 1:1, and the amount of acetonitrile added is 20 mL of acetonitrile per 1 mmol of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

6. The method for preparing the red light emitting gel factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the molar ratio of the monomaleonitrile-tetramethyl-8-hydroxyjuronidine compound and the cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde is 1:1, the volume ratio of dichloromethane and anhydrous ethanol in the mixed solvent is 1:1, the amount of the mixed solvent added is limited to 40 mL of the mixed solvent for every 1 mmol of the monomaleonitrile-juronidine compound, and the amount of sulfuric acid added is 100 μL of sulfuric acid for every 1 mmol of cholesterol acetate-modified benzaldehyde.

7. A fibrous gel soft material, characterized in that: The fibrous gel soft material is prepared using the red light emitting gel factor described in claim 1, and the microscopic morphology of the fibrous gel soft material is a three-dimensional rod-like fiber structure stacked on top of each other.

8. A method for preparing the fibrous gel soft material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: adding 40 mg of gel factor into 1 mL of a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol in a volume ratio of 3:2, heating to 70° C. and then standing to slowly cool, and forming a fibrous gel soft material that emits red light after 20 minutes.

9. A red light emitting gel factor as claimed in claim 1 in the preparation of Cu 2+ Application in ion detection reagents.

10. A fibrous gel soft material as claimed in claim 7 for preparing Cu 2+ Application in ion detection reagents.

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