A two-phase liquid cooling-carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of cooling improvement of electrical equipment, and discloses a two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage, which comprises a boiling pool, a compressor, an expander, a pump, a water tank, a stop valve, an electronic expansion valve, a condenser and an evaporator; the boiling pool is used for cooling data center servers, the compressor and the water tank are used for recycling waste heat generated in the data center cooling process, and the expander is used for generating power by utilizing the waste heat. The system can switch among the natural cooling mode, the energy storage mode and the power generation mode according to the electricity price in the operation period. In the conventional period, the natural cooling mode is operated to cool the data center by air cooling; in the valley electricity period, the energy storage mode is operated to store waste heat of the data center cooling loop; and in the peak electricity period, the power generation mode is operated to convert the stored waste heat into electric energy. The present application combines the two-phase immersion liquid cooling technology with the Carnot cell energy storage technology, and provides a solution for the coupling of green data center cooling and energy storage systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of improvement of cooling of electrical equipment, in particular, it relates to a data center cooling and energy storage system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as ChatGPT, 5G, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the demand for data processing, data storage and information transmission is increasing. At the same time, the number, scale and computing density of data centers are also growing rapidly. A large number of electronic equipment is gathered in the data center, which needs to be cooled all year round, and the operation performance of the data center cooling system directly affects the energy consumption and service life of the electronic equipment. However, the current data center cooling system has poor cooling effect, high system energy consumption, and the data center needs to be powered all day, which is difficult to adapt to the existing electricity price policy. For data centers, how to build energy storage technology that is not restricted by geographical environment, has strong stability and long service life is a problem to be solved.

[0003] And the Carnot battery technology, as a new energy storage scheme, combines high-temperature heat pump technology and low-temperature power generation technology, and has high installation flexibility. Whether in urban centers or remote areas, the characteristics of not being limited by specific geographical conditions make this technology have strong universality and can be successfully deployed in various complex environments. In addition, the Carnot battery system has large energy storage capacity and is expected to realize long-term energy storage and cross-season energy storage. However, due to the limitation of external environmental temperature, the heat conversion efficiency of the Carnot battery is low. Therefore, cost-effectiveness is undoubtedly one of the key factors limiting the widespread application of Carnot battery technology. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problems of poor cooling effect of the data center cooling system, high system energy consumption, and difficult adaptation of the data center power demand to the existing electricity price policy in the prior art, the present application combines two-phase immersion liquid cooling technology with Carnot battery energy storage technology to build a new type of combined cooling and power supply system. Under the background of the increasing proportion of global renewable energy consumption, the power flexibility of the data center can be effectively improved, and the operation cost of the data center can be greatly reduced.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme:

[0006] The present application provides a two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot battery system for data center cooling and energy storage, which comprises a boiling pool, a compressor, an expander, a fluorinated liquid pump, a working fluid pump, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first water tank, a second water tank, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve, an electronic expansion valve, a first condenser, a first evaporator, a second condenser, a second evaporator and a third condenser.

[0007] The boiling pool is used for cooling data center servers, an outlet of the boiling pool is connected with an inlet of the first condenser through the first stop valve, and is connected with a fluorinated liquid side inlet of the first evaporator through the second stop valve; an outlet of the first condenser and a fluorinated liquid side outlet of the first evaporator are connected with an inlet of the boiling pool through the fluorinated liquid pump;

[0008] An outlet of the compressor is connected with a heat pump working medium side inlet of the second condenser, a heat pump working medium side outlet of the second condenser is connected with an inlet of the electronic expansion valve, an outlet of the electronic expansion valve is connected with a heat pump working medium side inlet of the first evaporator, and a heat pump working medium side outlet of the first evaporator is connected with an inlet of the compressor;

[0009] An outlet of the first water tank is connected with a water side inlet of the second condenser through the second water pump and the fourth stop valve in sequence, a water side outlet of the second condenser is connected with an inlet of the second water tank, an outlet of the second water tank is connected with a water side inlet of the second evaporator through the first water pump and the third stop valve in sequence, and a water side outlet of the second evaporator is connected with an inlet of the first water tank;

[0010] An outlet of the expander is connected with an inlet of the third condenser, an outlet of the third condenser is connected with an organic Rankine cycle working medium side inlet of the second evaporator through the working medium pump, and an organic Rankine cycle working medium side outlet of the second evaporator is connected with an inlet of the expander.

[0011] Further, the compressor is one of a screw type, a scroll type, a centrifugal type, and a magnetic suspension type.

[0012] Further, the first evaporator, the second condenser, and the second evaporator are each independently selected from one of a plate heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a cross-flow heat exchanger, and a spiral plate heat exchanger.

[0013] Further, the first condenser and the third condenser are each independently selected from one of a water cooling type, an air cooling type, and an evaporative cooling type.

[0014] Further, the first water tank and the second water tank are high-pressure-resistant vessels.

[0015] Further, in the natural cooling mode: the fluorinated liquid pump and the first stop valve are opened, and the compressor, the expander, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the second water pump, the second stop valve, the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve and the electronic expansion valve are closed; the fluorinated liquid in the first condenser is driven by the fluorinated liquid pump to be supplied to the boiling pool for evaporation and heat absorption; and then, after flowing through the first stop valve and being condensed in the first condenser, the fluorinated liquid returns to the fluorinated liquid pump for continuous circulation.

[0016] Further, in the energy storage mode: the compressor, the fluorinated liquid pump, the second water pump, the electronic expansion valve, the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve are opened; and the expander, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the first stop valve and the third stop valve are closed; the fluorinated liquid in the boiling pool flows through the second stop valve, is condensed in the first evaporator, and then returns to the fluorinated liquid pump; at the same time, the heat pump circulation loop relies on the work of the compressor to drive the first evaporator to absorb waste heat, and the low-temperature water in the first water tank is driven by the second water pump to flow through the second condenser to generate high-temperature water, which is then stored in the second water tank.

[0017] Further, in the power generation mode: the expander, the fluorinated liquid pump, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the first stop valve and the third stop valve are opened, and the compressor, the second water pump, the electronic expansion valve, the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve are closed; the high-temperature water in the second water tank is driven by the first water pump to flow through the second evaporator to release the stored heat, generate low-temperature water and be stored in the first water tank; the working medium is driven to circulate by the work of the working medium pump, enters the third condenser after being driven to generate power in the expander, and is condensed in the third condenser; and the first condenser relies on an external natural cooling source to dissipate heat from the data center server.

[0018] The present application has the following advantages:

[0019] The two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage can not only realize all-year natural cooling, but also generate high-quality waste heat; and the waste heat of the data center can be utilized in the Carnot cell energy storage process to greatly improve the energy storage efficiency of the Carnot cell.

[0020] In a regular period, the system runs in a natural cooling mode, can make full use of the natural cold source for cooling, saves the energy consumption of the second compressor while achieving the cooling effect of the data center, and has good energy-saving effect; in the valley electricity period, the system runs in the energy storage mode, and the second compressor is started to store the waste heat of the data center cooling loop; in the peak electricity period, the system runs in the power generation mode, and the stored waste heat is converted into electric energy by the third expander. Through the switching between the system modes, the data center based on the Carnot cell system energy storage can effectively adapt to the current peak load shifting policy, store energy when the electricity price is low, release energy to generate electricity when the electricity price is high, and greatly reduce the operation cost of the data center. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A structure schematic view of the two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A natural cooling mode running schematic view of the two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 A energy storage mode running schematic view of the two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 A power generation mode running schematic view of the two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] In the above figure: 1-boiling pool; 2-compressor; 3-expander; 4-fluorinated liquid pump; 5-working medium pump; 6-first water pump; 7-second water pump; 8-first water tank; 9-second water tank; 10-first stop valve; 11-second stop valve; 12-third stop valve; 13-fourth stop valve; 14-electronic expansion valve; 15-first condenser; 16-first evaporator; 17-second condenser; 18-second evaporator; 19-third condenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to further understand the content, characteristics and effects of the present application, the following embodiments are exemplified and described in detail as follows with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] As Figure 1As shown, the embodiment provides a two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot battery system for data center cooling and energy storage, which system comprises: a boiling pool 1, a compressor 2, an expander 3, a fluorinated liquid pump 4, a working medium pump 5, a first water pump 6, a second water pump 7, a first water tank 8, a second water tank 9, a first stop valve 10, a second stop valve 11, a third stop valve 12, a fourth stop valve 13, an electronic expansion valve 14, a first condenser 15, a first evaporator 16, a second condenser 17, a second evaporator 18, and a third condenser 19.

[0028] The two-phase immersion cooling system comprises the boiling pool 1, the fluorinated liquid pump 4, the first stop valve 10, the second stop valve 11, the first condenser 15, and the first evaporator 16. The Carnot battery energy storage system comprises the compressor 2, the expander 3, the working medium pump 5, the first water pump 6, the second water pump 7, the first water tank 8, the second water tank 9, the third stop valve 12, the fourth stop valve 13, the electronic expansion valve 14, the second condenser 17, the second evaporator 18, and the third condenser 19.

[0029] The boiling pool 1 is used for cooling the data center servers, the compressor 2 and the first water tank 8 and the second water tank 9 are used for recovering waste heat generated in the data center server cooling process, and the expander 3 is used for generating power by using the waste heat. Figures 2-4 The structural diagrams of different operation modes of the present application are shown respectively. The system can be switched among the natural cooling mode, the energy storage mode, and the power generation mode according to the electricity price during the operation period. In the conventional period, the natural cooling mode is operated to cool the data center servers by using air cooling. In the valley electricity period, the energy storage mode is operated to store the waste heat of the data center cooling loop. In the peak electricity period, the power generation mode is operated to convert the stored waste heat into electric energy. The present application combines the two-phase immersion liquid cooling technology and the Carnot battery energy storage technology to construct a novel cooling and power supply system, and provides a solution for the coupling problem of the green data center cooling system and the energy storage system.

[0030] The first evaporator 16 is used to heat the refrigerant working medium in one side of the pipeline to heat the refrigerant working medium in the other side of the pipeline.

[0031] The second condenser 17 is used to heat the water in one side of the pipeline to heat the refrigerant working medium in the other side of the pipeline.

[0032] The second evaporator 18 is used to heat the water in one side of the pipeline to heat the organic Rankine cycle working medium in the other side of the pipeline.

[0033] The outlet of the boiling pool 1 is connected with the inlet of the first condenser 15 through the first stop valve 10, and is connected with the fluorinated liquid side inlet of the first evaporator 16 through the second stop valve 11. The outlet of the first condenser 15 and the fluorinated liquid side outlet of the first evaporator 16 are connected with the inlet of the boiling pool 1 through the fluorinated liquid pump 4. The boiling pool 1 is used for heat exchange between the two-phase fluorinated liquid and the data center, and the system working mode is switched by closing and opening the first stop valve 10 and the second stop valve 11.

[0034] The outlet of the compressor 2 is connected with the heat pump working medium side inlet of the second condenser 17, the heat pump working medium side outlet of the second condenser 17 is connected with the inlet of the electronic expansion valve 14, the outlet of the electronic expansion valve 14 is connected with the heat pump working medium side inlet of the first evaporator 16, and the heat pump working medium side outlet of the first evaporator 16 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 2.

[0035] The outlet of the first water tank 8 is connected with the water side inlet of the second condenser 17 through the second water pump 7 and the fourth stop valve 13 in sequence, the water side outlet of the second condenser 17 is connected with the inlet of the second water tank 9, and the outlet of the second water tank 9 is connected with the water side inlet of the second evaporator 18 through the first water pump 6 and the third stop valve 12 in sequence, and the water side outlet of the second evaporator 18 is connected with the inlet of the first water tank 8.

[0036] The outlet of the expander 3 is connected with the inlet of the third condenser 19, the outlet of the third condenser 19 is connected with the organic Rankine cycle working medium side inlet of the second evaporator 18 through the working medium pump 5, and the organic Rankine cycle working medium side outlet of the second evaporator 18 is connected with the inlet of the expander 3.

[0037] Among them, the first water tank 8 and the second water tank 9 adopt high-pressure (not less than 2Mpa) containers to ensure the safety and stability of the system in the heat storage mode.

[0038] Further, the type of the compressor 2 can include screw type, scroll type, centrifugal type, magnetic suspension type, etc.

[0039] Further, the first evaporator 16, the second condenser 17 and the second evaporator 18 can adopt plate heat exchanger, double-pipe heat exchanger, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, cross-flow heat exchanger, spiral plate heat exchanger, etc.

[0040] Further, the first condenser 15 and the third condenser 19 can adopt water cooling type, air cooling type, evaporation cooling type, etc.

[0041] The working process of the two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage in the embodiment is as follows:

[0042] As Figure 2As shown, the natural cooling mode is generally run in the normal period, open fluorinated liquid pump 4 and the first stop valve 10. Close the compressor 2, expander 3, working medium pump 5, first water pump 6, second water pump 7, second stop valve 11, third stop valve 12, fourth stop valve 13 and electronic expansion valve 14. The fluorinated liquid outlet of the first condenser 15 is driven by the fluorinated liquid pump 4 to evaporate and absorb heat in the boiling pool 1. Then, flow through the first stop valve 10, condense in the first condenser 15 by air cooling, return to the fluorinated liquid pump 4. The energy consumption components in this mode are only refrigerant pump and fan, which can fully utilize the natural cooling source to dissipate heat, and has good energy saving and emission reduction effect.

[0043] As shown, Figure 3 The energy storage mode is generally run in the valley period, open the compressor 2, fluorinated liquid pump 4, second water pump 7, electronic expansion valve 14, second stop valve 11 and fourth stop valve 13. Close the expander 3, working medium pump 5, first water pump 6, first stop valve 10 and third stop valve 12. The fluorinated liquid in the boiling pool 1 flows through the second stop valve 11, condenses in the first evaporator 16, and is pumped by the fluorinated liquid pump 4 to the boiling pool 1 to evaporate and absorb heat; at the same time, the heat pump circulation loop relies on the work of the compressor 2 to drive the first evaporator 16 of the circulation heat pump circulation loop to absorb the waste heat of the data center cooling loop, and the low temperature water in the first water tank 8 is driven by the second water pump 7 to flow through the second condenser 17 to generate high temperature water, and then enters the second water tank 9 for storage. This mode can store the waste heat of the data center cooling loop in the valley period by using the compressor 2.

[0044] On the other hand, as shown, Figure 4 The power generation mode is generally run in the peak period, open the expander 3, fluorinated liquid pump 4, working medium pump 5, first water pump 6, first stop valve 10 and third stop valve 12. Close the compressor 2, second water pump 7, electronic expansion valve 14, second stop valve 11 and fourth stop valve 13. The high temperature water in the second water tank 9 is driven by the first water pump 6 to flow through the second evaporator 18 to release the stored heat, generate low temperature water, and then enter the first water tank 8 for storage. The organic Rankine cycle system relies on the work of the working medium pump 5 to drive the circulation, and the working medium does work in the expander to generate electricity, and then enters the third condenser 19 for condensation. In addition, in this mode, the compressor 2 is closed, the first condenser 15 is opened, and the external natural cooling source is used to dissipate heat to cool the data center server. This mode can convert the stored waste heat into electrical energy through the expander 3 in the peak period, thereby greatly reducing the operation cost of the data center.

[0045] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present application is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative and are not restrictive. A person of ordinary skill in the art can make many specific changes to the present application without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, and these all belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage, characterized by, The system comprises a boiling pool, a compressor, an expander, a fluorinated liquid pump, a working medium pump, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first water tank, a second water tank, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve, an electronic expansion valve, a first condenser, a first evaporator, a second condenser, a second evaporator, and a third condenser. The boiling pool is used for cooling data center servers, and an outlet of the boiling pool is connected to an inlet of the first condenser through the first stop valve and connected to a fluorinated liquid side inlet of the first evaporator through the second stop valve; an outlet of the first condenser and a fluorinated liquid side outlet of the first evaporator are connected to an inlet of the boiling pool through the fluorinated liquid pump. An outlet of the compressor is connected to a heat pump working medium side inlet of the second condenser, a heat pump working medium side outlet of the second condenser is connected to an inlet of the electronic expansion valve, an outlet of the electronic expansion valve is connected to a heat pump working medium side inlet of the first evaporator, and a heat pump working medium side outlet of the first evaporator is connected to an inlet of the compressor. An outlet of the first water tank is connected to a water side inlet of the second condenser through the second water pump and the fourth stop valve in sequence, a water side outlet of the second condenser is connected to an inlet of the second water tank, an outlet of the second water tank is connected to a water side inlet of the second evaporator through the first water pump and the third stop valve in sequence, and a water side outlet of the second evaporator is connected to an inlet of the first water tank. An outlet of the expander is connected to an inlet of the third condenser, an outlet of the third condenser is connected to an organic Rankine cycle working medium side inlet of the second evaporator through the working medium pump, and an organic Rankine cycle working medium side outlet of the second evaporator is connected to an inlet of the expander. In a natural cooling mode operation state: the fluorinated liquid pump and the first stop valve are opened, and the compressor, the expander, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the second water pump, the second stop valve, the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, and the electronic expansion valve are closed. The fluorinated liquid in the first condenser is driven by the fluorinated liquid pump to be supplied into the boiling pool for evaporation and heat absorption. After flowing through the first stop valve, the fluorinated liquid is condensed in the first condenser and then returns to the fluorinated liquid pump for continuous circulation. In an energy storage mode operation state: the compressor, the fluorinated liquid pump, the second water pump, the electronic expansion valve, the second stop valve, and the fourth stop valve are opened, and the expander, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the first stop valve, and the third stop valve are closed; the fluorinated liquid in the boiling pool flows through the second stop valve, is condensed in the first evaporator, and then returns to the fluorinated liquid pump; meanwhile, the heat pump circulation loop relies on the work of the compressor to drive the first evaporator to absorb waste heat, the low-temperature water in the first water tank is driven by the second water pump to flow through the second condenser to generate high-temperature water, and then the high-temperature water is stored in the second water tank. In the power generation mode: the expander, the fluorination liquid pump, the working medium pump, the first water pump, the first stop valve and the third stop valve are opened, and the compressor, the second water pump, the electronic expansion valve, the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve are closed; the high-temperature water in the second water tank is driven by the first water pump to flow through the second evaporator to release the stored heat, generate low-temperature water and enter the first water tank for storage; the working medium is driven to circulate by the working medium pump, enters the third condenser for condensation after generating power in the expander; and the first condenser relies on an external natural cold source to cool the data center server.

2. A two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, The compressor is one of a screw type, a scroll type, a centrifugal type and a magnetic suspension type.

3. A two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, The first evaporator, the second condenser and the second evaporator are each independently selected from one of a plate heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a tube-in-shell heat exchanger, a cross-flow heat exchanger and a spiral plate heat exchanger.

4. The two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of claim 1, wherein, The first condenser and the third condenser are each independently selected from one of a water cooling type, an air cooling type and an evaporative cooling type.

5. The two-phase liquid cooling-Carnot cell system for data center cooling and energy storage of claim 1, wherein, The first water tank and the second water tank are high-pressure-resistant containers.

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