An automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device and method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device and method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, which relates to the technical field of deep sea sampling, and includes a rotating unit for driving the sampling valve in a multi-sequence sampling filter unit to open and close; a multi-sequence sampling filter unit for collecting seawater samples and fixing plankton; an injection unit for injecting seawater or a fixing liquid into the multi-sequence sampling filter unit; a booster unit for adjusting the pressure of the multi-sequence sampling filter unit; a layer identification unit for automatically identifying a deep sea target layer; a control unit for receiving data transmitted by other units and controlling the other units; and an outer frame for carrying other units. The present invention can automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically judge the collection effect, automatically discharge invalid samples, and perform secondary sampling through the coordinated cooperation between the various units, with high sampling efficiency and good sampling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep sea sampling, and more specifically, to an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device and method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea. Background Art

[0002] The ocean occupies 71% of the earth's surface and is the largest habitat for life on earth. The deep sea usually refers to an area with a depth of more than 1000m, which is considered to be an extreme environment with darkness, high hydrostatic pressure, low / high temperature and oligotrophy. In the entire ocean vertical environment, with the changes in conditions such as light, temperature, salinity and pressure, the seawater profile is divided into a variety of specific seawater layers such as the euphotic layer, twilight layer and aphotic layer. At present, most barophilic plankton in the deep sea environment has not been obtained and isolated and cultured. The physiological metabolic mechanisms of these organisms can only be inferred based on genomics and environmental response research, and it is difficult to accurately quantify the specific physiological and metabolic characteristics of a living organism. In addition, due to the lack of environmental changes and biological response data between specific vertical layers of deep sea water, it is difficult to quantify the mysterious carbon cycle process in the vertical direction of the deep sea environment, which hinders the understanding of the regularity of the marine carbon sink process. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain authentic seawater samples from specific vertical layers in the deep-sea environment for the fidelity culture of marine plankton and the identification of metabolic reactions. Obtaining highly active microorganisms is the basis for in-depth scientific research and resource development and application, and is also an important support for further understanding of deep-sea microorganisms and their ecological processes.

[0003] For the acquisition of samples in deep-sea multi-layer environments, the existing technology mainly obtains environmental samples under normal pressure conditions, or performs in-situ filtration and fixation of plankton, while it is very difficult to obtain pressurized seawater samples or highly active plankton under high pressure environments. In addition, it is difficult to judge the collection effect of seawater samples in deep-sea environments, and the collection effect of seawater samples can only be judged after the sampling device is recovered on board; when the collected seawater samples cannot meet the sampling requirements, the sampling device needs to be lowered again for re-sampling, and the sampling efficiency is low and the sampling error is large. In general, the existing sampling devices have the problems of complex operation, fixed seawater collection layers, difficulty in judging the collection effect, and inability to automatically resample failed samples, which brings great difficulties to the efficient acquisition of seawater fidelity samples at specific layers in the deep sea. In view of this, it is urgent to provide a sampling device that can automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically judge the collection effect, and automatically resample failed samples, so as to provide an important basic means for improving the understanding of deep-sea in-situ scientific laws and the level of biological resource development. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing deep-sea sampling devices, such as complicated operation, inability to automatically select a specific seawater layer, difficulty in judging the sampling effect and inability to automatically resample failed samples when sampling a specific seawater layer. An automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device and method for deep-sea specific seawater layers are provided.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, comprising an outer frame, a rotating unit, a multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, a liquid injection unit, a pressurizing unit, a layer identification unit and a control unit;

[0007] The multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit is arranged in the outer frame, and includes a plurality of sampling and filtering modules; each of the sampling and filtering modules includes a sampling valve, a sampling kettle, an exhaust solenoid valve, a pressure sensor, a filter valve, a filter kettle and a flow meter; the water outlet end of the sampling valve is connected to one end of the sampling kettle, and the other end of the sampling kettle is provided with a pressure sensor and an exhaust solenoid valve; the water outlet end of the sampling valve is also connected to the water inlet end of the filter valve, the water outlet end of the filter valve is connected to one end of the filter kettle, and the other end of the filter kettle is connected to the flow meter; the plurality of sampling valves are distributed along the circumference on the top of the outer frame, and the control ends of all the sampling valves face the rotating unit;

[0008] The injection unit is arranged in the outer frame, and includes a water pump, a fixed liquid injection pump and a fixed liquid reserve kettle; one end of the water pump is suspended in the air, and the other end of the water pump is connected to the water inlet end of the sampling valve of each sampling and filtering module; one end of the fixed liquid injection pump is connected to the fixed liquid reserve kettle, and the other end of the fixed liquid injection pump is connected to one end of the filtering kettle of each sampling and filtering module;

[0009] The rotating unit is arranged at the top center of the outer frame, and the end of the rotating unit abuts against the control end of the sampling valve;

[0010] The booster unit is arranged outside the outer frame, and the output end of the booster unit is respectively connected to the other end of the sampling kettle of each sampling and filtering module;

[0011] The layer identification unit is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame, and the data output end of the layer identification unit is connected to the data input end of the control unit;

[0012] The control unit is arranged in the outer frame, and the data input end of the control unit is also connected to the data output end of the pressure sensor and the flow meter respectively, and the control end of the control unit is connected to the control end of the rotation unit, the boost unit and the exhaust solenoid valve respectively.

[0013] By setting up a layer recognition unit, the actual environmental characteristics of the seawater profile are automatically identified during the lowering process. The control unit determines several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values, and controls the pressurization unit to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettles in turn. When the sampling device reaches the depth of the target layer during the lifting process, the rotating unit rotates clockwise to open the corresponding sampling valve in the multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, and the control unit turns on the water pump and the filter valve to start sampling. After a period of sampling, the rotating unit turns clockwise to close the sampling valve, and the control unit turns off the water pump. The pressure sensor and the flow meter monitor the real-time pressure of the sampling kettle and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle in real time respectively, and the control unit determines whether the real-time pressure and real-time flow are Reach the preset threshold: If all of them are reached, the fixative injection pump is turned on to fix the plankton in the filter kettle; otherwise, the rotating unit rotates counterclockwise to open the sampling valve again, and the booster unit is controlled to inject a pressure value greater than the in-situ pressure of the target layer into the sampling kettle, so that the seawater in the sampling kettle is discharged from the sampling valve, and the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the sampling kettle in real time. When it increases to the preset pressure, it indicates that the seawater has been completely discharged; then the exhaust solenoid valve is controlled to open and exhaust to the pre-charge pressure value; then the water pump is controlled to start for secondary sampling until the seawater at the target layer is successfully collected; the sampling device is lifted to the next target layer again, and the above operations are repeated until the seawater collection work at all target layers is completed.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling kettle comprises a first kettle body, a piston and a rubber ring;

[0015] The side wall of the piston is provided with a groove, and the rubber ring is sleeved in the groove of the piston;

[0016] The piston is arranged in the first kettle body, dividing the first kettle body into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber;

[0017] One end of the first kettle body liquid cavity is connected to the water outlet end of the sampling valve, and one end of the first kettle body gas cavity is provided with a pressure sensor and an exhaust solenoid valve.

[0018] The sampling kettle is made of high-pressure resistant metal, the piston installed inside is a pressure-resistant piston, and the side wall is a groove structure for installing rubber rings; the first kettle body is divided into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber by the piston, the liquid chamber is used to pass seawater samples, and the gas chamber is used to pass high-pressure nitrogen. The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure value inside the sampling kettle in real time and transmit it to the control unit, and the exhaust solenoid valve is used to discharge high-pressure nitrogen higher than the pre-charge pressure value during secondary sampling.

[0019] Preferably, the pressurizing unit comprises a nitrogen cylinder, a cylinder fixing bracket, a gas pressure regulator and a gas injection solenoid valve;

[0020] The gas cylinder fixing frame is arranged outside the outer frame, and the nitrogen cylinder is arranged inside the gas cylinder fixing frame;

[0021] The gas outlet of the nitrogen bottle is connected to one end of the gas pressure regulator, the other end of the gas pressure regulator is connected to one end of the gas injection solenoid valve, and the other end of the gas injection solenoid valve is respectively connected to one end of the gas cavity of each sampling kettle;

[0022] The control end of the control unit is connected to the control end of the air pressure regulator and the control end of the air injection solenoid valve respectively.

[0023] The nitrogen cylinder is connected to the gas chamber of the sampling kettle through the pressure regulator and the gas injection solenoid valve in turn. The pressure regulator is used to automatically adjust the pressure value of the injected nitrogen; the cylinder fixing rack is used to fix the nitrogen cylinder to prevent the cylinder from tipping over when operating on the ship and drifting underwater due to the influence of ocean currents and buoyancy. The cylinder fixing rack contains three layers of fences. Lock buckles are set on the railings on the same side of the three layers of fences, which can be opened outwards to facilitate the transfer of nitrogen cylinders into the cylinder fixing rack and lock and fix them.

[0024] Preferably, the rotating unit comprises a rotating motor, a gear plate and a double-ended ejector rod;

[0025] The gear plate is arranged at the top center of the outer frame;

[0026] The double-end push rod comprises a long end and a short end, the short end of the double-end push rod abuts against the tooth surface of the gear plate, and the long end of the double-end push rod abuts against the control end of the sampling valve;

[0027] The output end of the rotating motor is connected to the double-end push rod to drive the double-end push rod to rotate; the control end of the rotating motor is connected to the control end of the control unit.

[0028] The wheel disc is arranged at the top center of the outer frame, and the double-end push rod is driven by the rotating motor; after rotation, the long end of the double-end push rod contacts the round-headed push pin of the sampling valve, triggering the opening and closing of the sampling valve; the short end of the double-end push rod has a spring push pin, and after rotation, the spring push pin is stuck in the tooth groove of the gear disc for fixing; the tooth groove of the gear disc corresponds to the sampling valve to realize accurate opening and closing of the sampling valve.

[0029] Preferably, the layer identification unit includes a depth sensor, a temperature sensor and a salinity sensor;

[0030] The depth sensor, temperature sensor and salinity sensor are all arranged at the bottom of the outer frame, and the data output ends of the depth sensor, temperature sensor and salinity sensor are connected to the data input end of the control unit.

[0031] The layer identification unit can use a temperature-salinity-depth instrument to measure the conductivity, temperature and depth parameters of the ocean water body.

[0032] Preferably, the injection unit further comprises a plurality of injection valves;

[0033] The other end of the fixed liquid injection pump is connected to one end of each injection valve respectively, and the other end of each injection valve is correspondingly connected to one end of the filter kettle of a sampling filter module.

[0034] Preferably, the filtering kettle comprises a second kettle body, a filtering mesh frame, a filtering membrane and a filtering mesh;

[0035] The filter mesh frame is arranged in the second kettle body, and the filter mesh is coated on the filter mesh frame; the filter membrane is arranged on the filter mesh;

[0036] One end of the second kettle body is connected to the water outlet end of the filter valve and the other end of the injection valve respectively, and the other end of the second kettle body is connected to the flow meter.

[0037] The filter frame has multiple holes with a diameter of 5 mm, the filter screen has holes smaller than 1 mm, the pore size of the filter membrane is 0.22 μm, and the filter screen is used to support the filter membrane. The flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of the filtered in-situ seawater and calculate the volume of the filtered in-situ seawater.

[0038] Preferably, RNAlater fixative is provided in the fixative storage kettle.

[0039] The present invention also provides an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, based on the above-mentioned sampling device, comprising:

[0040] S1: After each sampling kettle is evacuated to a vacuum state, the sampling device is lowered to the seabed; during the lowering process, the layer recognition unit measures the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater and sends them to the control unit;

[0041] S2: The control unit identifies several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, salinity and depth of the seawater; controls the air pressure regulator to adjust to the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​in turn, controls the gas injection solenoid valve to open, and allows the nitrogen bottle to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettle in turn. The pressure sensor monitors the current pressure of the sampling kettle in real time; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle reaches the corresponding pre-charge pressure value, a boost signal is sent to the control unit;

[0042] S3: lifting the sampling device to the target layer, the control unit controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to open the corresponding sampling valve; controls the water pump to start, opens the corresponding filter valve, and samples the seawater; after the first preset time, turns off the water pump, and controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the corresponding sampling valve;

[0043] S4: The pressure sensor and the flow meter respectively monitor the current pressure of the sampling kettle and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle in real time, and send them to the control unit; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle is greater than the preset pressure threshold and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle is greater than the preset flow threshold, execute step S7; otherwise, execute step S5;

[0044] S5: The control unit controls the rotary motor to rotate counterclockwise, driving the long end of the double-ended push rod to reopen the sampling valve; closes the filter valve, controls the nitrogen bottle to continuously inject high-pressure nitrogen into the sampling kettle, and discharges the seawater in the sampling kettle through the reopened sampling valve until the sampling kettle reaches the second pressure;

[0045] S6: Open the exhaust solenoid valve, control the water pump to restart, and sample the seawater; when the accumulated flow of the flow meter reaches the preset accumulated flow threshold, control the water pump and the exhaust solenoid valve to close, and control the rotary motor to rotate clockwise to drive the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the sampling valve; return to step S4:

[0046] S7: Controlling the fixative solution injection pump to start, injecting RNAlater fixative solution from the fixative solution reserve kettle into the corresponding filter kettle to fix the plankton in the filter membrane; after the second preset time, turning off the fixative solution injection pump;

[0047] S8: Determine whether the seawater collection of all target layers is completed; if not, lift the sampling device to the next target water collection layer and repeat steps S3-S7; otherwise, end the seawater collection.

[0048] Preferably, the control unit identifies several target layers and calculates corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater, including:

[0049] When the seawater real-time temperature or salinity change value is greater than the preset change threshold, several seawater layers are used as target layers, and the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the target layer is calculated using the corresponding real-time depth:

[0050]

[0051] Where N i represents the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the i-th target layer, D i represents the real-time depth of the i-th target layer, V represents the volume of the sampling kettle, V L It represents the expected volume of the sampling kettle after being compressed by the in-situ pressure at the i-th target layer.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device and method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea provided by the present invention automatically identify the actual environmental characteristics of the seawater profile during the lowering process by setting a layer identification unit, and the control unit determines a number of target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values, and controls the pressurizing unit to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettles in sequence; when the sampling device reaches the depth of the target layer during the lifting process, the rotating unit rotates clockwise to open the corresponding sampling valve in the multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, and the control unit turns on the water pump and the filtering valve to start sampling. After a period of sampling, the rotating unit rotates clockwise to close the sampling valve, and the control unit turns off the water pump; the pressure sensor and the flow meter respectively monitor the real-time pressure of the sampling kettle and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle in real time, and the control unit turns on the water pump and the filtering valve to start sampling. The unit determines whether the real-time pressure and real-time flow rate reach the preset threshold value: if both are reached, the fixing liquid injection pump is turned on to fix the plankton in the filter kettle; otherwise, the rotating unit rotates counterclockwise to open the sampling valve again, and the booster unit is controlled to inject a pressure value greater than the in-situ pressure of the target layer into the sampling kettle, so that the seawater in the sampling kettle is discharged from the sampling valve, and the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the sampling kettle in real time. When it increases to the preset pressure, it indicates that the seawater has been completely discharged; then the exhaust solenoid valve is controlled to open and exhaust to the pre-charge pressure value; then the pump is controlled to open and perform secondary sampling until the seawater collection of the target layer is successful; the sampling device is lifted to the next target layer again, and the above operation is repeated until the seawater collection work of all target layers is completed. The present invention can automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically judge the collection effect, automatically discharge the failed sample and perform secondary sampling, with high sampling efficiency and good sampling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea as described in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea as described in Example 2;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling kettle described in Example 2;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filtration kettle described in Example 2;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating unit described in Example 2;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea as described in Example 3;

[0060] In the figure: 1-outer frame, 2-rotating unit, 3-sampling and filtering module, 4-liquid injection unit, 5-boosting unit, 6-layer identification unit, 7-layer identification unit, 21-rotating motor, 22-gear plate, 23-double-ended push rod, 31-sampling valve, 32-sampling kettle, 33-exhaust solenoid valve, 34-pressure sensor, 35-filter valve, 36-filter kettle, 37-flow meter, 41-water pump, 43-fixed liquid injection pump, 44-fixed liquid reserve kettle, 46-injection valve, 51-nitrogen cylinder, 52-gas cylinder fixing frame, 53-gas pressure regulator, 54-gas injection solenoid valve, 61-depth sensor, 62-temperature sensor, 63-salinity sensor, 321-first kettle body, 322-piston, 323-rubber ring, 361-second kettle body, 362-filter mesh frame, 363-filter mesh frame, 364-filter mesh frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent;

[0062] In order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product;

[0063] It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] This embodiment provides an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an outer frame 1, a rotating unit 2, a multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, a liquid injection unit 4, a pressurizing unit 5, a layer identification unit 6 and a control unit 7;

[0067] The multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit is arranged in the outer frame 1, and includes a plurality of sampling and filtering modules 3; each of the sampling and filtering modules 3 includes a sampling valve 31, a sampling kettle 32, an exhaust solenoid valve 33, a pressure sensor 34, a filter valve 35, a filter kettle 36 and a flow meter 37; the water outlet end of the sampling valve 31 is connected to one end of the sampling kettle 32, and the other end of the sampling kettle 32 is provided with a pressure sensor 34 and an exhaust solenoid valve 33; the water outlet end of the sampling valve 31 is also connected to the water inlet end of the filter valve 35, the water outlet end of the filter valve 35 is connected to one end of the filter kettle 36, and the other end of the filter kettle 36 is connected to the flow meter 37; the plurality of sampling valves 31 are distributed along the circumference on the top of the outer frame 1, and the control ends of all the sampling valves 31 face the rotating unit 2;

[0068] The injection unit 4 is arranged in the outer frame 1, and includes a water pump 41, a fixed liquid injection pump 43, and a fixed liquid reserve kettle 44; one end of the water pump 41 is suspended, and the other end of the water pump 41 is respectively connected to the water inlet end of the sampling valve 31 of each sampling and filtering module 3; one end of the fixed liquid injection pump 43 is connected to the fixed liquid reserve kettle 44, and the other end of the fixed liquid injection pump 43 is respectively connected to one end of the filtering kettle 36 of each sampling and filtering module 3;

[0069] The rotating unit 2 is arranged at the top center of the outer frame 1, and the end of the rotating unit 2 abuts against the control end of the sampling valve 31;

[0070] The booster unit 5 is arranged outside the outer frame 1, and the output end of the booster unit 5 is respectively connected to the other end of the sampling kettle 32 of each sampling and filtering module 3;

[0071] The layer identification unit 6 is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame 1, and the data output end of the layer identification unit 6 is connected to the data input end of the control unit 7;

[0072] The control unit 7 is arranged in the outer frame 1, and the data input end of the control unit 7 is also connected to the data output end of the pressure sensor 34 and the flow meter 37 respectively, and the control end of the control unit 7 is connected to the control end of the rotating unit 2, the boost unit 5, and the exhaust solenoid valve 33 respectively.

[0073] In the specific implementation process, by setting the layer recognition unit 6, the actual environmental characteristics of the seawater profile are automatically identified during the lowering process, the control unit 7 determines several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values, and controls the booster unit 5 to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettle 32 in sequence; when the sampling device reaches the depth of the target layer during the lifting process, the rotating unit 2 rotates clockwise to open the corresponding sampling valve 31 in the multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, and the control unit 7 starts the water pump 41 and the filter valve 35 to start sampling. After a period of sampling, the rotating unit 2 rotates clockwise to close the sampling valve 31, and the control unit 7 turns off the water pump 41; the pressure sensor 34 and the flow meter 37 respectively monitor the real-time pressure of the sampling kettle 32 and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle 36 in real time, and the control unit 7 determines the real-time pressure Whether the force and real-time flow rate reach the preset threshold value: if both are reached, the fixing liquid injection pump 43 is turned on to fix the plankton in the filter kettle 36; otherwise, the rotating unit 2 rotates counterclockwise to open the sampling valve 31 again, and the booster unit 5 is controlled to inject a pressure value greater than the in-situ pressure of the target layer into the sampling kettle 32, so that the seawater in the sampling kettle 32 is discharged from the sampling valve 31, and the pressure sensor 34 monitors the pressure in the sampling kettle 32 in real time. When it increases to the preset pressure, it indicates that the seawater has been completely discharged; then the exhaust solenoid valve 33 is controlled to open and exhaust to the pre-charge pressure value; then the pumping pump 41 is controlled to open and perform secondary sampling until the seawater collection of the target layer is successful; the sampling device is lifted to the next target layer again, and the above operation is repeated until the seawater collection work of all target layers is completed. The present invention can automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically judge the collection effect, automatically discharge invalid samples and perform secondary sampling, with high sampling efficiency and good sampling effect.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, such as Figure 2 Therefore, it includes an outer frame 1, a rotating unit 2, a multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, a liquid injection unit 4, a pressurizing unit 5, a layer identification unit 6 and a control unit 7;

[0076] The multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit is arranged in the outer frame 1, and includes a plurality of sampling and filtering modules 3; each of the sampling and filtering modules 3 includes a sampling valve 31, a sampling kettle 32, an exhaust solenoid valve 33, a pressure sensor 34, a filter valve 35, a filter kettle 36 and a flow meter 37; the water outlet end of the sampling valve 31 is connected to one end of the sampling kettle 32, and the other end of the sampling kettle 32 is provided with a pressure sensor 34 and an exhaust solenoid valve 33; the water outlet end of the sampling valve 31 is also connected to the water inlet end of the filter valve 35, the water outlet end of the filter valve 35 is connected to one end of the filter kettle 36, and the other end of the filter kettle 36 is connected to the flow meter 37; the plurality of sampling valves 31 are distributed along the circumference on the top of the outer frame 1, and the control ends of all the sampling valves 31 face the rotating unit 2;

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, the sampling kettle 32 includes a first kettle body 321, a piston 322 and a rubber ring 323;

[0078] The side wall of the piston 322 is provided with a groove, and the rubber ring 323 is sleeved in the groove of the piston 322;

[0079] The piston 322 is disposed in the first kettle body 321 to separate the first kettle body 321 into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber;

[0080] One end of the liquid cavity of the first kettle body 321 is connected to the water outlet end of the sampling valve 31 , and one end of the gas cavity of the first kettle body 321 is provided with a pressure sensor 34 and an exhaust solenoid valve 33 .

[0081] The sampling kettle 32 is made of high-pressure-resistant metal material, the piston 322 installed inside is a pressure-resistant piston 322, and the side wall is a groove structure for installing a rubber ring 323; the first kettle body 321 is divided into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber by the piston 322, the liquid chamber is used to pass the seawater sample, and the gas chamber is used to pass the high-pressure nitrogen. The pressure sensor 34 is used to measure the pressure value inside the sampling kettle 32 in real time and transmit it to the control unit 7, and the exhaust solenoid valve 33 is used to discharge high-pressure nitrogen higher than the pre-charge pressure value during secondary sampling.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, the filtering kettle 36 includes a second kettle body 361, a filtering mesh frame 362, a filtering membrane 363 and a filtering mesh 364;

[0083] The filter mesh frame 362 is disposed in the second kettle body 361 , and the filter mesh 364 is coated on the filter mesh frame 362 ; the filter membrane 363 is disposed on the filter mesh 364 ;

[0084] One end of the second kettle body 361 is connected to the water outlet end of the filter valve 35 and the other end of the injection valve 46 , respectively, and the other end of the second kettle body 361 is connected to the flow meter 37 .

[0085] In this embodiment, the filter frame 362 has a plurality of holes with a diameter of 5 mm, the filter mesh 364 has holes with a diameter less than 1 mm, the pore size of the filter membrane 363 is 0.22 μm, and the filter mesh 364 is used to support the filter membrane 363. The flow meter 37 is used to measure the flow rate of the filtered in-situ seawater and calculate the volume of the filtered in-situ seawater.

[0086] The injection unit 4 is arranged in the outer frame 1, and includes a water pump 41, a fixed liquid injection pump 43, a fixed liquid reserve kettle 44 and a plurality of injection valves 46; one end of the water pump 41 is suspended, and the other end of the water pump 41 is respectively connected to the water inlet end of the sampling valve 31 of each sampling and filtering module 3; one end of the fixed liquid injection pump 43 is connected to the fixed liquid reserve kettle 44, and the other end of the fixed liquid injection pump 43 is respectively connected to one end of each injection valve 46, and the other end of each injection valve 46 is correspondingly connected to one end of the filtering kettle 36 of a sampling and filtering module 3; RNAlater fixative is arranged in the fixed liquid reserve kettle 44;

[0087] like Figure 5 As shown, the rotating unit 2 includes a rotating motor 21, a gear plate 22 and a double-ended push rod 23;

[0088] The gear plate 22 is arranged at the top center of the outer frame 1;

[0089] The double-end push rod 23 includes a long end and a short end. The short end of the double-end push rod 23 abuts against the tooth surface of the gear plate 22, and the long end of the double-end push rod 23 abuts against the control end of the sampling valve 31.

[0090] The output end of the rotating motor 21 is connected to the double-end push rod 23 to drive the double-end push rod 23 to rotate; the control end of the rotating motor 21 is connected to the control end of the control unit 7.

[0091] The wheel is arranged at the top center of the outer frame 1, and the double-ended push rod 23 is driven by the rotating motor 21; after rotation, the long end of the double-ended push rod 23 contacts the round-headed push pin of the sampling valve 31, triggering the opening and closing of the sampling valve 31; the short end of the double-ended push rod 23 has a spring push pin, and after rotation, the spring push pin is stuck in the tooth groove of the gear plate 22 for fixation; the tooth groove of the gear plate 22 corresponds to the sampling valve 31 to realize accurate opening and closing of the sampling valve 31.

[0092] The pressurizing unit 5 includes a nitrogen cylinder 51, a cylinder fixing frame 52, a gas pressure regulator 53 and a gas injection solenoid valve 54;

[0093] The gas cylinder fixing frame 52 is arranged outside the outer frame 1, and the nitrogen cylinder 51 is arranged inside the gas cylinder fixing frame 52;

[0094] The gas outlet of the nitrogen bottle 51 is connected to one end of the gas pressure regulator 53, the other end of the gas pressure regulator 53 is connected to one end of the gas injection solenoid valve 54, and the other end of the gas injection solenoid valve 54 is respectively connected to one end of the gas cavity of each of the sampling kettles 32;

[0095] The control end of the control unit 7 is connected to the control end of the air pressure regulator 53 and the control end of the air injection solenoid valve 54 respectively.

[0096] The nitrogen cylinder 51 is connected to the gas chamber of the sampling kettle 32 through the pressure regulator 53 and the gas injection solenoid valve 54 in turn. The pressure regulator 53 is used to automatically adjust the pressure value of the injected nitrogen. The cylinder fixing frame 52 is used to fix the nitrogen cylinder 51 to prevent the cylinder from tipping over when operating on the ship and drifting underwater due to the influence of ocean currents and buoyancy. The cylinder fixing frame 52 includes three layers of fences. Lock buckles are set on the railings on the same side of the three layers of fences, which can be opened outwards to facilitate the transfer of the nitrogen cylinder 51 into the cylinder fixing frame 52 and lock and fix it.

[0097] The layer identification unit 6 is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame 1, and includes a depth sensor 61, a temperature sensor 62 and a salinity sensor 63. The data output ends of the depth sensor 61, the temperature sensor 62 and the salinity sensor 63 are connected to the data input end of the control unit 7;

[0098] In this embodiment, the layer identification unit 6 is a temperature-salinity-depth meter, which can accurately measure the conductivity, temperature and depth parameters of the ocean water body.

[0099] The control unit 7 is arranged in the outer frame 1 , and the data input end of the control unit 7 is also connected to the data output ends of the pressure sensor 34 and the flow meter 37 respectively, and the control end of the control unit 7 is connected to the control end of the exhaust solenoid valve 33 .

[0100] In the specific implementation process, by setting the layer recognition unit 6, the actual environmental characteristics of the seawater profile are automatically identified during the lowering process, the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater are measured, and sent to the control unit, the control unit 7 determines several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure value, controls the air pressure regulator 53 to adjust to the corresponding pre-charge pressure value, opens the gas injection solenoid valve 54, and the nitrogen bottle 51 injects high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettle 32 in turn; when the sampling device reaches the depth of the target layer during the lifting process, the rotating motor 21 drives the double-end push rod 23 to rotate clockwise, the short end is stuck in the tooth groove of the gear plate 22 for fixation, and the long end opens the corresponding sampling valve 31 in the multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, and the control unit 7 starts the water pump 41 and the filter valve 35 to start sampling; after a period of sampling, the rotating motor 21 drives the double-end push rod 23 to rotate clockwise, the short end leaves the tooth groove of the gear plate 22, the long end closes the sampling valve 31, and the control unit 7 closes the water pump 41; the pressure sensor 34 and the flow The meter 37 monitors the real-time pressure of the sampling kettle 32 and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle 36 in real time respectively, and the control unit 7 determines whether the real-time pressure and the real-time flow reach the preset threshold value: if both are reached, the fixing liquid injection pump 43 is turned on to fix the plankton in the filtering kettle 36; otherwise, the rotating motor 21 drives the double-end push rod 23 to rotate counterclockwise to open the sampling valve 31 again, and the control unit 7 controls the air pressure regulator 53 to adjust to a pressure value greater than the in-situ pressure of the target layer, and the nitrogen bottle 51 injects the pressure value into the corresponding sampling kettle 32, so that the seawater in the sampling kettle 32 is discharged from the sampling valve 31, and the pressure sensor 34 monitors the pressure in the sampling kettle 32 in real time. When it increases to the preset pressure, it indicates that the seawater has been completely discharged; then the exhaust solenoid valve 33 is controlled to open and exhaust to the pre-charge pressure value; then the water pump 41 is controlled to open and perform secondary sampling until the seawater collection of the target layer is successful; the sampling device is lifted to the next target layer again, and the above operation is repeated until the seawater collection work of all target layers is completed. The present invention can automatically select a specific seawater layer, automatically judge the sampling effect, automatically discharge invalid samples and perform secondary sampling, and has high sampling efficiency and good sampling effect.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment provides an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, based on the sampling device described in Embodiment 1 or 2, such as Figure 6 As shown, including:

[0103] S1: After each sampling kettle is evacuated to a vacuum state, the sampling device is lowered to the seabed; during the lowering process, the layer recognition unit measures the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater and sends them to the control unit;

[0104] S2: The control unit identifies several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, salinity and depth of the seawater; controls the air pressure regulator to adjust to the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​in turn, controls the gas injection solenoid valve to open, and allows the nitrogen bottle to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettle in turn. The pressure sensor monitors the current pressure of the sampling kettle in real time; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle reaches the corresponding pre-charge pressure value, a boost signal is sent to the control unit;

[0105] S3: lifting the sampling device to the target layer, the control unit controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to open the corresponding sampling valve; controls the water pump to start, opens the corresponding filter valve, and samples the seawater; after the first preset time, turns off the water pump, and controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the corresponding sampling valve;

[0106] S4: The pressure sensor and the flow meter respectively monitor the current pressure of the sampling kettle and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle in real time, and send them to the control unit; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle is greater than the preset pressure threshold and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle is greater than the preset flow threshold, execute step S7; otherwise, execute step S5;

[0107] S5: The control unit controls the rotary motor to rotate counterclockwise, driving the long end of the double-ended push rod to reopen the sampling valve; closes the filter valve, controls the nitrogen bottle to continuously inject high-pressure nitrogen into the sampling kettle, and discharges the seawater in the sampling kettle through the reopened sampling valve until the sampling kettle reaches the second pressure;

[0108] S6: Open the exhaust solenoid valve, control the water pump to restart, and sample the seawater; when the accumulated flow of the flow meter reaches the preset accumulated flow threshold, control the water pump and the exhaust solenoid valve to close, and control the rotary motor to rotate clockwise to drive the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the sampling valve; return to step S4:

[0109] S7: Controlling the fixative solution injection pump to start, injecting RNAlater fixative solution from the fixative solution reserve kettle into the corresponding filter kettle to fix the plankton in the filter membrane; after the second preset time, turning off the fixative solution injection pump;

[0110] S8: Determine whether the seawater collection of all target layers is completed; if not, lift the sampling device to the next target water collection layer and repeat steps S3-S7; otherwise, end the seawater collection.

[0111] The control unit identifies several target layers and calculates corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater, including:

[0112] When the seawater real-time temperature or salinity change value is greater than the preset change threshold, several seawater layers are used as target layers, and the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the target layer is calculated using the corresponding real-time depth:

[0113]

[0114] Where N i represents the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the i-th target layer, D i represents the real-time depth of the i-th target layer, V represents the volume of the sampling kettle, V L represents the expected volume of the sampling kettle after the in-situ pressure is compressed at the i-th target layer. In this embodiment, the volume V of the sampling kettle is 5 liters, V L It is 4.5 liters.

[0115] In this embodiment, the preset pressure threshold is D i / 100 MPa, the preset flow threshold is 4500 cubic centimeters; the second pressure is 5+D i / 100 MPa.

[0116] The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components;

[0117] The terms used in the drawings to describe positional relationships are only used for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent;

[0118] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, based on an automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea, characterized in that: include: S1: After each sampling kettle is evacuated to a vacuum state, the sampling device is lowered to the seabed; during the lowering process, the layer recognition unit measures the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater and sends them to the control unit; S2: The control unit identifies several target layers and calculates the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, salinity and depth of the seawater; controls the air pressure regulator to adjust to the corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​in turn, controls the gas injection solenoid valve to open, and allows the nitrogen bottle to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the corresponding sampling kettle in turn. The pressure sensor monitors the current pressure of the sampling kettle in real time; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle reaches the corresponding pre-charge pressure value, a boost signal is sent to the control unit; S3: lifting the sampling device to the target layer, the control unit controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to open the corresponding sampling valve; controls the water pump to start, opens the corresponding filter valve, and samples the seawater; after the first preset time, turns off the water pump, and controls the rotating motor to rotate clockwise, drives the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the corresponding sampling valve; S4: The pressure sensor and the flow meter respectively monitor the current pressure of the sampling kettle and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle in real time, and send them to the control unit; when the current pressure of the sampling kettle is greater than the preset pressure threshold and the real-time flow of the filtering kettle is greater than the preset flow threshold, execute step S7; Otherwise, execute step S5; S5: The control unit controls the rotary motor to rotate counterclockwise, driving the long end of the double-ended push rod to reopen the sampling valve; closes the filter valve, controls the nitrogen bottle to continuously inject high-pressure nitrogen into the sampling kettle, and discharges the seawater in the sampling kettle through the reopened sampling valve until the sampling kettle reaches the second pressure; S6: Open the exhaust solenoid valve, control the water pump to restart, and sample the seawater; when the accumulated flow of the flow meter reaches the preset accumulated flow threshold, control the water pump and the exhaust solenoid valve to close, and control the rotary motor to rotate clockwise to drive the long end of the double-ended push rod to close the sampling valve; Return to step S4: S7: Controlling the fixative solution injection pump to start, injecting RNAlater fixative solution from the fixative solution reserve kettle into the corresponding filter kettle to fix the plankton in the filter membrane; after the second preset time, turning off the fixative solution injection pump; S8: Determine whether the seawater collection of all target layers is completed; if not, lift the sampling device to the next target water collection layer and repeat steps S3-S7; otherwise, end the seawater collection; The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling device for deep-sea specific layer seawater comprises an outer frame (1), a rotating unit (2), a multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit, a liquid injection unit (4), a pressurizing unit (5), a layer identification unit (6) and a control unit (7); The multi-sequence sampling and filtering unit is arranged in the outer frame (1), and comprises a plurality of sampling and filtering modules (3); each of the sampling and filtering modules (3) comprises a sampling valve (31), a sampling kettle (32), an exhaust solenoid valve (33), a pressure sensor (34), a filter valve (35), a filter kettle (36) and a flow meter (37); the water outlet end of the sampling valve (31) is connected to one end of the sampling kettle (32), and the other end of the sampling kettle (32) is provided with a pressure sensor (34) and an exhaust solenoid valve (33); the water outlet end of the sampling valve (31) is also connected to the water inlet end of the filter valve (35), the water outlet end of the filter valve (35) is connected to one end of the filter kettle (36), and the other end of the filter kettle (36) is connected to the flow meter (37); the plurality of sampling valves (31) are distributed along the circumference on the top of the outer frame (1), and the control ends of all the sampling valves (31) face the rotating unit (2); The injection unit (4) is arranged in the outer frame (1), and comprises a water pump (41), a fixed liquid injection pump (43) and a fixed liquid storage kettle (44); one end of the water pump (41) is suspended in the air, and the other end of the water pump (41) is respectively connected to the water inlet end of the sampling valve (31) of each sampling and filtering module (3); one end of the fixed liquid injection pump (43) is connected to the fixed liquid storage kettle (44), and the other end of the fixed liquid injection pump (43) is respectively connected to one end of the filtering kettle (36) of each sampling and filtering module (3); The rotating unit (2) is arranged at the top center of the outer frame (1), and the end of the rotating unit (2) abuts against the control end of the sampling valve (31); The boosting unit (5) is arranged outside the outer frame (1), and the output end of the boosting unit (5) is respectively connected to the other end of the sampling kettle (32) of each sampling and filtering module (3); The layer identification unit (6) is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame (1), and the data output end of the layer identification unit (6) is connected to the data input end of the control unit (7); The control unit (7) is arranged in the outer frame (1); the data input end of the control unit (7) is also connected to the data output end of the pressure sensor (34) and the flow meter (37), respectively; the control end of the control unit (7) is connected to the control end of the rotating unit (2), the boosting unit (5), and the exhaust solenoid valve (33), respectively; The sampling kettle (32) comprises a first kettle body (321), a piston (322) and a rubber ring (323); The side wall of the piston (322) is provided with a groove, and the rubber ring (323) is sleeved in the groove of the piston (322); The piston (322) is disposed in the first kettle body (321) to separate the first kettle body (321) into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber; One end of the liquid cavity of the first kettle body (321) is connected to the water outlet end of the sampling valve (31), and one end of the gas cavity of the first kettle body (321) is provided with a pressure sensor (34) and an exhaust solenoid valve (33); The pressurizing unit (5) comprises a nitrogen cylinder (51), a cylinder fixing frame (52), a gas pressure regulator (53) and a gas injection solenoid valve (54); The gas cylinder fixing frame (52) is arranged outside the outer frame (1), and the nitrogen cylinder (51) is arranged inside the gas cylinder fixing frame (52); The gas outlet of the nitrogen bottle (51) is connected to one end of the gas pressure regulator (53), the other end of the gas pressure regulator (53) is connected to one end of the gas injection solenoid valve (54), and the other end of the gas injection solenoid valve (54) is respectively connected to one end of the gas cavity of each of the sampling kettles (32); The control end of the control unit (7) is respectively connected to the control end of the air pressure regulator (53) and the control end of the air injection solenoid valve (54); The rotating unit (2) comprises a rotating motor (21), a gear plate (22) and a double-ended push rod (23); The gear plate (22) is arranged at the top center of the outer frame (1); The double-end push rod (23) comprises a long end and a short end, the short end of the double-end push rod (23) abuts against the tooth surface of the gear plate (22), and the long end of the double-end push rod (23) abuts against the control end of the sampling valve (31); The output end of the rotating motor (21) is connected to the double-end push rod (23) to drive the double-end push rod (23) to rotate; the control end of the rotating motor (21) is connected to the control end of the control unit (7).

2. The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layer identification unit (6) comprises a depth sensor (61), a temperature sensor (62) and a salinity sensor (63); The depth sensor (61), the temperature sensor (62) and the salinity sensor (63) are all arranged at the bottom of the outer frame (1), and the data output ends of the depth sensor (61), the temperature sensor (62) and the salinity sensor (63) are connected to the data input end of the control unit (7).

3. The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid injection unit (4) further comprises a plurality of liquid injection valves (46); The other end of the fixed liquid injection pump (43) is respectively connected to one end of each injection valve (46), and the other end of each injection valve (46) is correspondingly connected to one end of the filter kettle (36) of a sampling filter module (3).

4. The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The filtering kettle (36) comprises a second kettle body (361), a filtering mesh frame (362), a filtering membrane (363) and a filtering mesh (364); The filter mesh frame (362) is arranged in the second kettle body (361), and the filter mesh (364) is coated on the filter mesh frame (362); the filter membrane (363) is arranged on the filter mesh (364); One end of the second kettle body (361) is respectively connected to the water outlet end of the filter valve (35) and the other end of the injection valve (46), and the other end of the second kettle body (361) is connected to the flow meter (37).

5. The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing solution storage kettle (44) is provided with RNAlater fixing solution.

6. The automatic pressure-maintaining sampling method for seawater at a specific layer in the deep sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit identifies several target layers and calculates corresponding pre-charge pressure values ​​based on the real-time temperature, real-time salinity and real-time depth of the seawater, including: When the seawater real-time temperature or salinity change value is greater than the preset change threshold, several seawater layers are used as target layers, and the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the target layer is calculated using the corresponding real-time depth: Where N i represents the pre-charge pressure value corresponding to the i-th target layer, D i represents the real-time depth of the i-th target layer, V represents the volume of the sampling kettle, V L It represents the expected volume of the sampling kettle after being compressed by the in-situ pressure at the i-th target layer.

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