Ground seismic data amplitude compensation method, device, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

This invention relates to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for amplitude compensation of surface seismic data. The method involves frequency division of borehole seismic data and surface seismic data in a target work area to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data. A first amplitude curve and a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency band are fitted to the frequency-divided borehole seismic data and surface seismic data along the time or depth direction. An amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency-divided segment is determined based on the first and second amplitude curves. Amplitude compensation is performed on the frequency-divided surface seismic data of each corresponding frequency segment based on the amplitude compensation coefficient, and the frequency-integrated frequency-divided surface seismic data after amplitude compensation is obtained. This technique improves the consistency between VSP data and surface seismic data and enables effective driving of surface seismic data processing by VSP data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for amplitude compensation of ground seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of petroleum seismic exploration, well-to-surface combined seismic exploration technology has been proposed to provide high-precision seismic exploration data. This technology typically uses near-surface quality factor values, seismic velocities, and anisotropy parameters extracted from well seismic data to drive surface seismic data processing.

[0003] However, because well-drilled seismic data and surface seismic data differ in acquisition methods, wavefield propagation paths, and near-surface attenuation, well-drilled seismic imaging and surface seismic imaging have differences in signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and migration relocation. In other words, well-drilled seismic data is difficult to effectively drive surface seismic data processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for amplitude compensation of ground seismic data, so as to solve the technical problem that well seismic data is difficult to effectively drive the processing of ground seismic data.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for amplitude compensation of ground seismic data, comprising: acquiring borehole seismic data and ground seismic data of a target work area; dividing the borehole seismic data and the ground seismic data into frequencies respectively to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided ground seismic data; fitting a first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency-divided segment along the time or depth direction to the frequency-divided borehole seismic data, and fitting a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency-divided segment along the time or depth direction to the frequency-divided ground seismic data; determining an amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency-divided segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency-divided segment; performing amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency-divided segment based on the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency-divided segment, and integrating the frequency-divided ground seismic data after amplitude compensation to obtain amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

[0006] In some embodiments, determining the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment includes: collecting the amplitude value of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude value of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve at a preset time interval or a preset depth interval; and determining the amplitude compensation coefficient of the corresponding frequency segment based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point and the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of dividing the borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data into frequencies to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data includes: converting the borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain; constructing a cosine filter function in the frequency domain; and using the cosine filter function to divide each channel of borehole seismic data in the frequency domain and each channel of surface seismic data in the frequency domain into frequencies to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

[0008] In some embodiments, fitting a first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and fitting a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the surface seismic data along the time or depth direction, includes: statistically analyzing the first amplitude of the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and fitting the first amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the first amplitude curve; statistically analyzing the second amplitude of the frequency segment of the surface seismic data along the time or depth direction, and fitting the second amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the second amplitude curve.

[0009] In some embodiments, after obtaining the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data, the method further includes: driving the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data processing based on formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a ground seismic data amplitude compensation device, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring borehole seismic data and ground seismic data of a target work area; a frequency division module for dividing the borehole seismic data and the ground seismic data into frequencies respectively to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided ground seismic data; a fitting module for fitting a first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency division segment along the time or depth direction of the frequency-divided borehole seismic data, and fitting a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency division segment along the time or depth direction of the frequency-divided ground seismic data; a determination module for determining the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency division segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency division segment; and a compensation module for performing amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency division segment according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency division segment, and integrating the frequency-divided ground seismic data after amplitude compensation to obtain amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

[0011] In some embodiments, the determining module is specifically configured to: for each frequency segment, collect the amplitude value of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude value of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve according to a preset time interval or a preset depth interval; and determine the amplitude compensation coefficient of the corresponding frequency segment based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point to the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

[0012] In some embodiments, a driving module is further included; the driving module is used to drive the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data processing based on formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data.

[0013] Thirdly, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device is characterized in that it includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; the memory is used to store computer programs; and the processor is used to implement the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method described in any one of the first aspects when executing the program stored in the memory.

[0014] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0016] By dividing wellbore seismic data and surface seismic data into frequencies, and fitting amplitude curves of time / depth variations to the frequency-divided wellbore and surface seismic data, the amplitude compensation coefficients corresponding to each frequency-divided frequency band are determined based on the amplitude curves of wellbore and surface seismic data. Based on the amplitude compensation coefficients of each frequency band, the energy and frequency differences of surface seismic data are compensated for. This enables the deterministic parameters of wellbore seismic data processing to be better applied to surface seismic data processing, truly realizing joint wellbore and seismic processing and imaging. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1a A VSP data schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of single-shot ground seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A flowchart of a ground seismic data amplitude compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A flowchart of another ground seismic data amplitude compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4a This is a diagram illustrating the effect of conventional amplitude compensation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4b A VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5a This is another conventional amplitude compensation effect diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5b Another VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6a This is another example of conventional amplitude compensation effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6b This is another VSP driving time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7a A VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation diagram is provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7b This invention provides a VSP-driven deconvolution spectrum and wavelet plot.

[0031] Figure 8a This is a schematic diagram of a conventionally processed seismic profile superimposed with a VSP corridor, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8b A schematic diagram showing the VSP drive profile and VSP corridor superimposed in this embodiment;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground seismic data amplitude compensation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] First, the terms used in this invention will be explained:

[0037] Ground seismic data: seismic waves generated on the ground and received by ground-deployed detectors.

[0038] Well-drilled seismic data: Seismic waves generated on the ground and received by detectors deployed in the well are also known as vertical seismic profile (VSP) data.

[0039] In the field of petroleum seismic exploration, well-to-surface combined seismic exploration technology has been proposed to provide high-precision seismic exploration data. This technology typically uses near-surface quality factor Q-values, seismic velocities, and anisotropy parameters extracted from VSP data to constrain the processing of surface seismic data. Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of VSP data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of single-shot ground seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the comparison diagram of VSP data and single-shot ground seismic data, VSP data and ground seismic data differ in acquisition methods, wavefield propagation paths, and near-surface attenuation, resulting in differences in signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and migration repositioning between VSP imaging and ground seismic imaging. Therefore, the processing parameters obtained from VSP cannot effectively drive ground seismic data processing, seriously affecting the integrated research of well-seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. Furthermore, due to the significant spatial variations in the near-surface and subsurface media, current well-seismic joint exploration only provides good constraint effects near VSP well points, with poor constraint effects on ground seismic data far from VSP wells. In other words, the Q-value and deconvolution parameters obtained from VSP are difficult to apply across the entire exploration area.

[0040] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention addresses the following: Based on the principle of macroscopic earth absorption attenuation approximation, it statistically analyzes the energy of each frequency band of VSP data and surface seismic data, fits an amplitude function that varies with time / depth, and uses VSP data as a template to calculate the amplitude compensation factor for surface seismic data. This compensates for the energy and frequency differences between VSP data and surface seismic data caused by near-surface attenuation and different ray paths. Thus, while maintaining energy and frequency consistency, the deterministic parameters of VSP processing can be better applied to surface seismic processing, truly achieving combined well-seismic processing and imaging.

[0041] Figure 2 A flowchart of a ground seismic data amplitude compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the amplitude compensation method for ground seismic data includes:

[0042] Step S201: Obtain well seismic data and surface seismic data for the target work area.

[0043] Among them, the target work area refers to the area to be explored; the borehole seismic data refers to the original VSP gather or VSP result gather recorded by each geophone in the borehole and excited by the surface; the surface seismic data refers to the original surface seismic gather recorded by each geophone in the surface and excited by the surface.

[0044] Step S202: Divide the borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data into frequencies to obtain the corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

[0045] Specifically, VSP data and surface seismic data can be frequency-divided separately using the same frequency filtering function to obtain frequency-divided wellbore seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data. In other words, the frequency-divided wellbore seismic data and surface seismic data have corresponding frequency bands.

[0046] In some embodiments, step S202 includes: converting the well seismic data and the surface seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain; constructing a cosine filter function in the frequency domain, and using the cosine filter function to perform frequency division on each well seismic data in the frequency domain and each surface seismic data in the frequency domain, to obtain corresponding frequency-divided well seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

[0047] Specifically, the original VSP gathers / VSP result gathers and the original surface seismic gathers are read into computer memory, and the VSP gathers and the original surface seismic gathers are converted from the time domain to the frequency domain. A cosine filter function is constructed in the frequency domain to perform frequency division processing on each VSP seismic data and each surface seismic data, obtaining the VSP data and surface seismic data corresponding to each frequency band. The advantage of the cosine filter function lies in its smaller Gibbs effect and frequency leakage. It divides the 0-500Hz range into several equal frequency bands; 1ms sampling can be divided into 25 frequency bands, and 2ms sampling can be divided into 17 frequency bands. Its expression is shown below:

[0048] X cr (t,f i )=x cr (t)*w(t,f i (1)

[0049] Where, x cr (t) represents the input raw VSP seismic gather or surface seismic gather; X cr (t,f i ) represents the frequency-divided VSP seismic gather or surface seismic gather; w(t,f i ) represents the cosine filter function; c represents the gun number; r represents the track number; f represents the path number. i This refers to the i-th frequency band.

[0050] Step S203: Fit the first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and fit the second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the ground seismic data along the time or depth direction.

[0051] Specifically, based on the frequency-divided well seismic data, a first amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment is fitted along the time / depth direction, and a second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment is fitted along the time / depth direction based on the frequency-divided surface seismic data; wherein, the horizontal axis of the fitted first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve is amplitude, and the vertical axis is time / depth.

[0052] In some embodiments, step S203 includes: statistically analyzing the first amplitude of the frequency segment in which the seismic data in the frequency-division well is located along the time or depth direction, and fitting the first amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the first amplitude curve; statistically analyzing the second amplitude of the frequency segment in which the ground seismic data is located along the time or depth direction, and fitting the second amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the second amplitude curve.

[0053] Specifically, the amplitude energy of each frequency segment is statistically analyzed by sliding a time window along the time direction for the frequency-divided VSP data or frequency-divided ground seismic data. The amplitude energy of each frequency segment is then fitted using a high-order e-exponential curve. Using a high-order e-exponential fitting can avoid the influence of noise and amplitude abrupt changes, and the fitting accuracy can be controlled by modifying the exponent term. The formula for the fitting curve along the time direction is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, A f (t) represents the root mean square amplitude at time t; A f (0) represents the initial reference amplitude; f is the frequency parameter; t is the time. The overall energy difference between the channels; Λ, represents absorption attenuation of different orders; n is a parameter representing the complexity of the curve shape, determined by specific seismic data.

[0056] Step S204: Determine the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment.

[0057] Specifically, the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency band is determined based on the ratio between the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency band, thereby obtaining the amplitude compensation coefficient for each sub-frequency band.

[0058] In some embodiments, step S204 includes: for each frequency segment, collecting the amplitude value of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude value of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve according to a preset time interval or a preset depth interval; and determining the amplitude compensation coefficient of the corresponding frequency segment based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point to the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

[0059] Specifically, after fitting the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment, for each frequency segment, sampled amplitude values ​​corresponding to the two amplitude curves can be collected at preset time intervals or preset depth intervals. The ratio of the two amplitude values ​​is used to determine the amplitude compensation coefficient of that frequency segment. This process is repeated to obtain the amplitude compensation coefficients for all frequency segments. For example, for a certain frequency segment, corresponding amplitude sampling point values ​​can be selected from the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve every 100ms, and the ratio of every two amplitude sampling points can be obtained. All ratios in this frequency segment constitute the amplitude compensation coefficient for that frequency segment.

[0060] Step S205: Perform amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency-divided band according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency-divided band, and integrate the frequency of each amplitude-compensated frequency-divided ground seismic data to obtain amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

[0061] Specifically, the ground seismic data for each frequency band is frequency-divided and compensated according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency band. The frequency-divided ground seismic data is then frequency-adjusted to integrate the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data into a complete frequency band. In other words, this embodiment uses the VSP gather as a reference model for ground seismic gather amplitude compensation, bringing the ground seismic data closer to the VSP gather.

[0062] By dividing borehole seismic data and surface seismic data into frequencies, and fitting amplitude curves of time / depth variations to the frequency-divided borehole and surface seismic data, amplitude compensation coefficients are determined for each frequency-divided segment. These coefficients are then used to compensate for the surface seismic data, effectively eliminating the differences in amplitude and frequency between VSP and surface seismic data caused by different acquisition methods. This significantly improves the consistency between compensated surface seismic data and VSP data, better meeting the needs of combined borehole and surface seismic imaging, effectively supporting subsequent geological research, and to some extent solving the problem of VSP parameters being difficult to extend to the entire region. Therefore, this method has high application value.

[0063] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, Figure 3 A flowchart of another ground seismic data amplitude compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the amplitude compensation method for ground seismic data includes:

[0064] Step S301: Obtain well seismic data and surface seismic data for the target work area.

[0065] Step S302: Divide the borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data into frequencies to obtain the corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

[0066] Step S303: Fit the first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and fit the second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the ground seismic data along the time or depth direction.

[0067] Step S304: Determine the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment.

[0068] Step S305: Perform amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency-divided band according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency-divided band, and integrate the frequency-divided ground seismic data after amplitude compensation to obtain the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

[0069] Step S306: Drive the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data processing based on the formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data.

[0070] Steps S301-S305 in this embodiment are similar to steps S201-205 in the previous embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0071] The difference from the previous embodiments lies in that this embodiment further defines the processing of the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data as being driven by formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data. Specifically, by executing steps S301-S305, VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation is achieved. The obtained amplitude-compensated surface seismic data exhibits high consistency with the VSP data, thus truly realizing effective VSP-driven surface seismic data processing. For example, the deconvolution parameters or deconvolution operators obtained from the VSP data are directly applied to the compensated surface seismic data to complete VSP-driven pre-stack consistency processing of the surface seismic data.

[0072] Figure 4a This is a conventional amplitude compensation effect diagram (single shot) provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4b This invention provides a VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram (single gun), which is derived from... Figure 4a and Figure 4b The comparison of the effects of conventional amplitude compensation and VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation in this embodiment (single shot) can be seen. Figure 5a This is another conventional amplitude compensation effect diagram (spectrum) provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5b Another VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram (spectrum) provided in this embodiment of the invention is... Figure 5a and Figure 5b The comparison (spectrum) between conventional amplitude compensation and VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation in this embodiment can be seen; Figure 6a This is another conventional amplitude compensation effect diagram (wavelet) provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6b This is another VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation effect diagram (wavelet) provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by... Figure 6a and Figure 6b The comparison of the effects of conventional amplitude compensation and VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation in this embodiment (wavelet) can be seen. Figure 7a This invention provides a VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation diagram. Figure 7b This invention provides a VSP-driven deconvolution spectrum and wavelet plot, derived from... Figure 7a and Figure 7b The comparison diagram of the spectrum and wavelet after VSP-driven time-frequency domain amplitude compensation + VSP-driven deconvolution can be seen. Figure 8aThis is a schematic diagram of a conventionally processed seismic profile superimposed with a VSP corridor, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8b This embodiment provides a schematic diagram of a VSP drive cross-section and a VSP corridor superimposed on each other. Figure 8a and Figure 8b The comparison diagram shows the results of conventionally processed seismic profiles overlaid with VSP corridors versus those of this embodiment. Furthermore, the surface seismic single-shot records compensated using this embodiment (e.g.) Figure 4b ) and using conventional amplitude compensation methods (such as Figure 4a Compared to the previous method, this embodiment has a better compensation effect on the high-frequency energy attenuation of seismic signals caused by near-surface conditions, and the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of the compensated ground seismic data are highly consistent with the VSP data (e.g., Figure 5b , Figure 6b ); The deconvolution parameters obtained directly from VSP data can be used for well-seismic consistency processing (e.g.) Figure 7a , Figure 7b ); It can directly apply VSP drive profile and VSP corridor overlay processing (such as... Figure 8a , 8b ).

[0073] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground seismic data amplitude compensation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the compensation device includes:

[0074] The system comprises: an acquisition module 901 for acquiring borehole seismic data and surface seismic data for the target work area; a frequency division module 902 for dividing the borehole seismic data and surface seismic data into frequencies to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data; a fitting module 903 for fitting a first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency-divided borehole seismic data along the time or depth direction and fitting a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency-divided surface seismic data along the time or depth direction; a determination module 904 for determining the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency-divided segment based on the first and second amplitude curves corresponding to each frequency-divided segment; and a compensation module 905 for performing amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided surface seismic data of each corresponding frequency-divided segment based on the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency-divided segment, and integrating the frequency-compensated frequency-divided surface seismic data to obtain amplitude-compensated surface seismic data.

[0075] In some embodiments, the determining module 904 is specifically configured to: for each frequency band, collect the amplitude value of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude value of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve according to a preset time interval or a preset depth interval; and determine the amplitude compensation coefficient of the corresponding frequency band based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point to the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

[0076] In some embodiments, the frequency division module 902 is specifically used to: convert the well seismic data and the surface seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain; construct a cosine filter function in the frequency domain, and use the cosine filter function to divide each well seismic data in the frequency domain and each surface seismic data in the frequency domain into frequencies, to obtain corresponding frequency-divided well seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

[0077] In some embodiments, the fitting module 903 is specifically used to: statistically analyze the first amplitude of the frequency segment in which the seismic data in the frequency-division well is located along the time or depth direction, and fit the first amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the first amplitude curve; statistically analyze the second amplitude of the frequency segment in which the ground seismic data is located along the time or depth direction, and fit the second amplitude with a higher-order natural exponential curve to obtain the second amplitude curve.

[0078] In some embodiments, a driving module 906 is further included, which is used to drive the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data processing based on formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process and corresponding beneficial effects of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation device described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method example, and will not be repeated here.

[0080] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device includes: a processor 1001, a communication interface 1002, a memory 1003, and a communication bus 1004, wherein the processor 1001, the communication interface 1002, and the memory 1003 communicate with each other through the communication bus 1004.

[0081] Memory 1003 is used to store computer programs;

[0082] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor 1001 executes the program stored in the memory 1003, it implements the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0083] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the above embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0084] The aforementioned memory 1003 may be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Memory 1003 has storage space for program code used to perform any of the method steps described above. For example, the storage space for program code may include individual program codes for implementing the various steps in the methods described above. This program code can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, optical discs (CDs), memory cards, or floppy disks. Such computer program products are typically portable or fixed storage units. The storage unit may have storage segments or storage spaces arranged similarly to the memory 1003 in the aforementioned electronic device. The program code may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form. Typically, the storage unit includes programs for performing the method steps according to the embodiments of this application, i.e., code that can be read by a processor such as 1001, which, when run by the electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the various steps in the methods described above.

[0085] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method as described above.

[0086] The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the device / apparatus described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs that, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0087] According to embodiments of this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, such as including but not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0088] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for amplitude compensation of ground seismic data, characterized in that, include: Acquire borehole seismic data and surface seismic data for the target work area; The borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data are respectively divided into frequencies to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data; The first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment is fitted to the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and the second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment is fitted to the ground seismic data along the time or depth direction. Based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment, determine the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency segment; Amplitude compensation is performed on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency band according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency band, and the frequency-integrated frequency-divided ground seismic data after amplitude compensation is obtained to obtain the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the amplitude compensation coefficient for each frequency segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment includes: For each frequency band, the amplitude values ​​of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude values ​​of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve are collected according to a preset time interval or a preset depth interval. The amplitude compensation coefficient for the corresponding frequency band is determined based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point to the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of dividing the borehole seismic data and the surface seismic data into frequencies to obtain corresponding frequency-divided borehole seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data includes: The well seismic data and the surface seismic data are converted from the time domain to the frequency domain. A cosine filter function is constructed in the frequency domain, and the cosine filter function is used to divide each channel of the well seismic data in the frequency domain and each channel of the surface seismic data in the frequency domain into frequencies, so as to obtain the corresponding frequency-divided well seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The process of fitting a first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and fitting a second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the surface seismic data along the time or depth direction, includes: The first amplitude of the seismic data in the frequency-division well is statistically analyzed along the time or depth direction, and a higher-order natural exponential curve is used to fit the first amplitude to obtain the first amplitude curve; The second amplitude of the frequency-division ground seismic data is statistically analyzed along the time or depth direction for the frequency-division band, and a higher-order natural exponential curve is used to fit the second amplitude to obtain the second amplitude curve.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, After obtaining the amplitude-compensated ground seismic data, the process also includes: The formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data drive the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data processing.

6. A ground seismic data amplitude compensation device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire well seismic data and surface seismic data for the target work area; The frequency division module is used to divide the well seismic data and the surface seismic data into frequencies respectively to obtain the corresponding frequency-divided well seismic data and frequency-divided surface seismic data. The fitting module is used to fit the first amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the seismic data in the frequency-divided well along the time or depth direction, and to fit the second amplitude curve corresponding to the frequency segment of the ground seismic data along the time or depth direction. The determination module is used to determine the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency segment based on the first amplitude curve and the second amplitude curve corresponding to each frequency segment; The compensation module is used to perform amplitude compensation on the frequency-divided ground seismic data of each corresponding frequency-divided band according to the amplitude compensation coefficient of each frequency-divided band, and to integrate the frequency of each amplitude-compensated frequency-divided ground seismic data to obtain amplitude-compensated ground seismic data.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determining module is specifically used for: For each frequency band, the amplitude values ​​of the first sampling point corresponding to the first amplitude curve and the amplitude values ​​of the second sampling point corresponding to the second amplitude curve are collected according to a preset time interval or a preset depth interval. The amplitude compensation coefficient for the corresponding frequency band is determined based on the ratio of the amplitude value of the first sampling point to the amplitude value of the second sampling point.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, It also includes a driver module; The drive module is used to drive the amplitude-compensated surface seismic data processing based on the formation parameters obtained from the well seismic data.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method according to any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the ground seismic data amplitude compensation method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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