Open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of slope monitoring and early warning, specifically to an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and storage medium; in order to solve the problems of poor slope monitoring resource configuration and low slope early warning reliability in the prior art, the present application first divides the coal mine slope into different risk levels based on slope height and slope angle; then, according to the different risk levels of the coal mine slope and its specific morphological characteristics, a monitoring plan is formulated to optimize resource allocation, and the displacement data and vibration data of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, or / and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction, or / and the crack data, or / and the slope deformation map and tilt image and other data are multi-sourced for data fusion to obtain a more accurate slope risk value; finally, according to the comparison result between the slope risk value and the risk threshold, it is selected to execute continued monitoring, or future early warning or issue early warning information, so as to improve the accuracy, rationality and reliability of coal mine slope early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring and early warning, and in particular to an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Slope instability is a major safety hazard in open-pit coal mines. Through monitoring, abnormal changes in slopes can be discovered in advance, and timely warnings and measures can be taken to improve production continuity and efficiency, avoid casualties and equipment damage, reduce environmental damage, and improve the sustainable development level of the mining area.

[0003] The deployment of many monitoring systems requires fixed locations, and it is difficult to adjust the monitoring range or increase monitoring points as needed in a short period of time. This may result in the monitoring system being unable to keep up with changes in mining activities when the mining area expands or the mining plan changes, or the monitoring points being too concentrated, wasting monitoring resources. At the same time, terrain complexity may affect the performance of monitoring equipment, resulting in instability or deviation in monitoring data and the accuracy of monitoring results. In addition, current slope monitoring is affected by the relatively single means of use and the small number of data sources, resulting in poor reliability of the early warning results obtained, which can easily lead to the adverse consequences of being unable to reduce slope instability losses due to unreliable monitoring results. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and storage medium.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for monitoring and early warning of open-pit coal mine slopes includes the following operations:

[0007] S1. Obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold, respectively; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and S2 is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and S3 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and S4 is executed;

[0008] S2. If the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point, and S5 is executed; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point of the slope surface, and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0009] S3, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0010] S4. If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope angle and the slope foot, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0011] S5. If the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, the future risk degree is obtained based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued; if the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued.

[0012] The operations for obtaining the slope risk value based on the slope deformation map and tilt image of the coal mine slope in S4 are as follows: obtaining the radar data of the coal mine slope at the current moment and the previous neighborhood moment, obtaining the phase difference of the corresponding position points after image registration processing, converting it into a deformation map after least squares processing, and obtaining the current slope deformation map; extracting the edge features of the current slope deformation map to obtain the current deformation edge map; obtaining the remote sensing image of the coal mine slope at the current moment, performing feature fusion processing on the remote sensing image and the current slope deformation map, and superimposing them with the current deformation edge map to obtain the current slope deformation remote sensing map; in the current slope deformation remote sensing map, the deformation values ​​of all position points and their respective position weights are weighted and summed to obtain the slope risk value.

[0013] The feature fusion processing operation is achieved by adjusting the transparency of the current slope deformation map to a preset transparency and then superimposing it with the remote sensing image.

[0014] In S5, the operations for obtaining the future risk based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data are as follows: based on the stratigraphic structure information and lithology information, geological structure information, slope direction, slope gradient and slope angle of the coal mine slope, the potential sliding surface of the coal mine slope is determined; based on the future rainfall duration and rainfall amount, and the geotechnical information corresponding to the potential sliding surface, the slope stress-strain analysis is performed to obtain the potential safety factor; the potential safety factor and the slope risk value are weighted and summed to obtain the future risk.

[0015] The specific operations for obtaining the slope risk value based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope in S3 are as follows: according to the rock stratum strike and inclination of the coal mine slope, optical fiber sensors are arranged to obtain the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope; based on the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, the strain rate and displacement rate are obtained; the strain rate, displacement rate, historical factors of the coal mine slope and geological factors are weighted and summed to obtain the slope risk value; the historical factors of the coal mine slope are obtained based on the number and time of landslides within the neighborhood of the coal mine slope; the geological factors are obtained based on the geological factors of the coal mine slope; the geological factors include soil type, slope and groundwater level.

[0016] The displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope in S2 is the displacement of the characteristic points at the edge of the slope top, or / and the displacement of the characteristic points in the middle of the slope, or / and the displacement of the characteristic points at the foot of the slope; if there are cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds at the top of the slope, the characteristic points at the edge of the slope top are several position points uniformly selected at the top of the slope along the shape of the coal mine slope, as well as the position points of the cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds; if there are bulges, or / and depressions, or / and a turning point in the middle of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope are the position points of the bulges, or / and depressions, or / and the turning points of the slope; if there are bulges, or / and cracks, or / and horizontal displacements of rock and soil at the slope corners, the characteristic points at the foot of the slope are the position points where the bulges, or / and cracks, or / and rock and soil are horizontally displaced.

[0017] In S4, the characteristic cracks include: cracks at the top of the slope, cracks at the bulge in the middle of the slope, cracks at the depression in the middle of the slope, cracks at the turning point in the middle of the slope, cracks with a width greater than a width threshold, and cracks with a height greater than a height threshold.

[0018] An open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning system is used to implement the open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method mentioned above, comprising:

[0019] The coal mine slope risk level estimation module is used to obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and the slope angle threshold respectively; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and the first risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and the second risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and the third risk value generation module is executed;

[0020] The first risk value generation module is used to obtain the slope risk value based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point if the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, and execute the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed;

[0021] The second risk value generation module, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module;

[0022] The third risk value generation module, if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope angle and the slope foot, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed;

[0023] The future warning and warning information release module is used to obtain the future risk degree based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data if the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is released; if the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is released.

[0024] An open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor implements the open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method when executing a computer program stored in the memory.

[0025] A computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] The present invention provides an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method. First, the slope morphological characteristics are evaluated based on the slope height and slope angle as the main basis, so as to divide the coal mine slope into different risk levels; then, according to the different risk levels of the coal mine slope and its specific morphological characteristics, an efficient and comprehensive real-time monitoring plan is formulated in a targeted manner to optimize resource allocation, and based on the displacement data and vibration data of the coal mine slope characteristic points, or / and the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction, or / and the number, position and displacement of cracks, or / and the slope deformation map and tilt image, multi-source data fusion is performed to obtain a more accurate slope risk value; finally, according to the comparison result between the slope risk value and the risk threshold, it is selected to execute continued monitoring, future warning or coal mine slope danger warning information release, so as to improve the accuracy, rationality and reliability of coal mine slope warning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] This embodiment provides an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, including the following operations:

[0029] S1. Obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold, respectively; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and S2 is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and S3 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and S4 is executed;

[0030] S2. If the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point, and S5 is executed; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point of the slope surface, and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0031] S3, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0032] S4. If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope angle and the slope foot, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed;

[0033] S5. If the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, the future risk degree is obtained based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued; if the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued.

[0034] S1. Obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold respectively; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and S2 is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and S3 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and S4 is executed.

[0035] Traditional slope risk classification methods may rely on relatively general geological conditions, historical disaster records and other factors, and lack in-depth consideration of the key geometric parameters of the slope itself. This embodiment uses slope height and slope angle as the main basis, evaluates the morphological characteristics of the slope, and divides the coal mine slope into different risk levels, which can more accurately reflect the potential risks of slope stability, and is conducive to the subsequent customized monitoring solutions for coal mine slopes of different risk levels, optimize resource allocation, avoid unnecessary monitoring, and improve detection accuracy.

[0036] First, the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope are obtained to analyze the coverage area and steepness of the coal mine slope and to determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold, respectively.

[0037] If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is relatively flat and the area is not large. The possibility of geological disasters such as landslides is small, which belongs to the low risk level and needs to implement the monitoring plan in S2.

[0038] If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is relatively flat, but due to the large slope height and large slope area, it has high potential energy. If instability occurs, its destructive power is also relatively large, which belongs to the medium risk level; or, the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, which means that the coal mine slope is steep and easily affected by gravity and unstable, which belongs to the medium risk level, and the monitoring plan in S3 needs to be implemented.

[0039] If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, the coal mine slope is very steep and is very likely to become unstable due to gravity, which is a high-risk level; or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold. At this time, the coal mine slope is steep and has a large slope height, with high potential energy, and is very likely to become unstable, which is a high-risk level and requires the implementation of the monitoring plan in S4.

[0040] S2. If the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point, and S5 is executed; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point of the slope surface, and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed.

[0041] When the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, it means that the coal mine slope is relatively flat and the possibility of disasters such as landslides caused by gravity is relatively small. However, in order to achieve accurate and safe monitoring before geological disasters occur, different monitoring plans need to be implemented according to the slope height (coverage area) characteristics of the coal mine slope.

[0042] If the slope height is less than the first slope height angle threshold, that is, the slope angle of the coal mine slope is small and the slope height is also small, the slope is relatively gentle and covers a small area, and the destructiveness after the geological disaster is weak, so in order to save monitoring resources, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, which is used to perform the operation in S5. Among them, the slope risk value is the ratio of the displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable displacement and the influence degree weight coefficient.

[0043] The displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope is the displacement of the characteristic point at the edge of the slope top, or / and the displacement of the characteristic point in the middle of the slope surface, or / and the displacement of the characteristic point at the foot of the slope.

[0044] The characteristic points of coal mine slope can be selected according to the characteristics of coal mine slope, and the selection rules are as follows: if there are cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds at the top of the slope, it means that the rock strength at the top of the slope is low. At the same time, it is easy for water to penetrate into the bottom of the top of the slope, increase the water pressure at the top of the slope, affect the stability of the top of the slope, and then produce a chain reaction on the stability of the entire slope. Therefore, the characteristic points of the top edge of the slope are several position points evenly selected at the top of the slope along the shape of the coal mine slope (trapezoidal), as well as the position points of cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds. By monitoring the displacement changes of these important position points at the top of the slope, the accurate slope risk value of the coal mine slope can be quickly analyzed.

[0045] If there is a bulge, or / and a depression, or / and a turning point in the middle of the slope, it means that there is a stress concentration in the middle of the slope, and the strength and stability of the rock and soil are weak, which will reduce the overall stability of the coal mine slope. Therefore, the characteristic point in the middle of the slope is the bulge, or / and the depression, or / and the turning point of the slope. By monitoring the displacement changes of these important position points in the middle of the slope, we can quickly analyze and obtain accurate slope risk values ​​for the coal mine slope.

[0046] If there are bulges, cracks, or horizontal displacement of rock and soil at the slope corners, it means that the coal mine slope has a tendency to slide. Therefore, the characteristic point of the slope foot is the location point where the bulge, crack, or horizontal displacement of rock and soil occurs. By monitoring the displacement changes of these important location points at the slope foot, we can quickly analyze and obtain accurate slope risk values ​​for the coal mine slope.

[0047] If the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, it means that the coverage area of ​​the coal mine slope is too large. In order to achieve safety monitoring, the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point of the slope surface and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope is used to perform the operation in S5. The slope risk value is obtained by weighted summing the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point of the slope surface and the foot feature point with the corresponding maximum allowable displacement.

[0048] S3. If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the change in the width of the characteristic cracks and the displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed.

[0049] When the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, there are situations where the slope is relatively flat but large in area (the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold). Once instability occurs, the destructive force is relatively large; or the coal mine slope is relatively steep (the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold). It is easy to be affected by gravity and become unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable monitoring plan based on the different characteristics of the slope.

[0050] If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope is relatively flat but has a large area. In order to achieve accurate monitoring, the slope risk value is obtained based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, which is used to execute the operation in S5.

[0051] Specifically, according to the rock formation strike and inclination of the coal mine slope, the sliding direction of the slope is predicted, and optical fiber sensors are arranged along the sliding direction of the slope to obtain the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope; based on the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, the strain rate and displacement rate are obtained; the strain rate, displacement rate, historical factors of the coal mine slope and geological factors are weighted and summed to obtain the slope risk value.

[0052] The above-mentioned coal mine slope historical factors are obtained based on the number and time of landslides in the neighborhood of the coal mine slope; the above-mentioned geological factors are obtained based on the geological factors of the coal mine slope; the geological factors include soil type, slope and groundwater level.

[0053] If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, the coal mine slope is steep and cracks are likely to occur. Compared with the influence of the slope height on the slope, the slope angle has a greater influence on the slope. Therefore, in order to optimize monitoring resources and improve monitoring efficiency on the basis of accurate monitoring of the safety of coal mine slopes, the slope risk value is obtained based on the change in the width of the characteristic cracks and the displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, which is used to execute the operations in S5.

[0054] Based on the change in width of characteristic cracks and the displacement of characteristic points of coal mine slope, the operation of obtaining slope risk value can be achieved through the following formula:

[0055] ,

[0056] R is the slope risk value, RThe higher the slope, the greater the risk. ΔW i For the i The width variation of the characteristic cracks, W 0,i For the i The initial width of a characteristic crack, ΔS j For the j The displacement change of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, S s,j For the j The maximum allowable displacement measurement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope, k 1 , k 2 are the influence coefficient of characteristic crack width and the influence coefficient of characteristic point displacement, c is the environmental adjustment factor, F is the slope stability, which can be obtained by the limit equilibrium analysis method. I , J are the total number of characteristic cracks and the total number of characteristic points, respectively.

[0057] Characteristic cracks include: cracks at the top of the slope, cracks at the bulge in the middle of the slope, cracks at the depression in the middle of the slope, cracks at the turning point in the middle of the slope, cracks with a width greater than a width threshold, and cracks with a height greater than a height threshold.

[0058] S4. If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the middle characteristic points of the slope angle and the slope surface, and the characteristic points at the foot of the slope, and S5 is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed.

[0059] When the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, the slope is very likely to become unstable and damaged, so it is necessary to combine the slope morphological characteristics to perform more comprehensive and accurate monitoring.

[0060] If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is steep and the slope area is large, with many cracks, and it is very easy to become unstable. In order to improve the monitoring efficiency, the slope risk value is obtained based on the change in the width of the characteristic cracks and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, which is used to execute the operation in S5.

[0061] The operation to obtain the slope risk value is specifically to obtain the slope risk value by weighted summing the ratio of the width change of all characteristic cracks to the maximum allowable value of the width change, the ratio of the strain in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable strain value, and the ratio of the displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable displacement.

[0062] If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is very steep, cracks are more likely to develop, and the slope area is medium. In order to improve the monitoring efficiency, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and width changes of the cracks, as well as the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the middle characteristic points of the slope surface, and the foot characteristic points, for executing S5.

[0063] The above operation of obtaining the slope risk value can be achieved through the following formula:

[0064] ,

[0065] R is the slope risk value, R The higher the slope, the greater the risk. ΔW m For the m The change in the width of the crack, W 0,m For the m The initial width of the crack, ΔS n For the n The displacement change of feature points, S s,n For the n The maximum allowable displacement of a feature point is f(V) The vibration amount of the characteristic point affects the slope stability value, which is obtained by performing time series analysis or spectrum feature analysis on the vibration amount of all characteristic points. w 1 , w 2 are the first position weight and the second position weight respectively, k 3 , k 4 , k 5 、k 6 are the crack width coefficient, characteristic point displacement coefficient, crack number coefficient and vibration coefficient, respectively. 、N are the total number of cracks and the total number of feature points, respectively.

[0066] Among them, the positions of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the middle characteristic points of the slope surface and the foot characteristic points have been stated above. The vibration monitoring of the characteristic points is carried out by installing vibration sensors, such as accelerometers or speedometers, at the characteristic points to capture the vibration waves generated by the blasting.

[0067] If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is very steep and the area is relatively large, which is particularly dangerous. Therefore, based on the slope deformation map and tilt image of the coal mine slope, the slope risk value is obtained to execute the operation in S5.

[0068] Among them, the operation of obtaining the slope risk value is specifically as follows: obtaining the radar data of the coal mine slope at the current moment and the previous neighborhood moment, obtaining the phase difference of the corresponding position points after image registration processing, converting it into a deformation map after least squares processing, and obtaining the current slope deformation map; extracting the edge features of the current slope deformation map to obtain the current deformation edge map, highlighting the edge features of the deformation, and facilitating position analysis; at the same time, obtaining the remote sensing image of the coal mine slope at the current moment, performing feature fusion processing on the current slope deformation map of the remote sensing image, and superimposing it with the current deformation edge map to obtain the current slope deformation remote sensing map; in the current slope deformation remote sensing map, the deformation values ​​of all position points and their respective position weights are weighted and then summed to realize the monitoring of the entire coal mine slope position and obtain a more accurate slope risk value.

[0069] The feature fusion processing operation is achieved by adjusting the transparency of the current slope deformation map to a preset transparency and then superimposing it with the remote sensing image.

[0070] The above remote sensing image of the coal mine slope at the current moment is obtained by acquiring several partial remote sensing images and then stitching them together. The stitching operation is as follows: according to the connection position of the current partial remote sensing image and the partial remote sensing image to be stitched, respectively determine the stitching area of ​​the current partial remote sensing image and the partial remote sensing image to be stitched together to obtain the first stitching area and the second stitching area; based on the pixel value and pixel gradient of the first stitching area and the pixel value of the second stitching area, obtain the pixel offset; based on the pixel offset, adjust the pixel of the second stitching area to obtain the remote sensing adjustment image of the part to be stitched; superimpose the first stitching area of ​​the current partial remote sensing image and the second stitching area of ​​the partial remote sensing image to be stitched together to obtain the current stitching remote sensing image; after all the partial remote sensing images are stitched together, the remote sensing image of the coal mine slope at the current moment is obtained.

[0071] In addition, in order to improve the clarity and detail of the remote sensing image, several partial remote sensing images are respectively subjected to image enhancement processing to obtain several partial remote sensing enhanced images for performing the stitching processing operation. Among them, the image enhancement processing operation is specifically as follows: the current partial remote sensing image is subjected to smoothing processing at different scales to obtain several smoothed images; the logarithmic difference of the pixel values ​​between each smoothed image and the current partial remote sensing image is obtained to obtain several frequency feature maps; several frequency feature maps are subjected to weighted fusion processing to obtain the current initial enhanced image; the current initial enhanced image is subjected to color restoration processing to prevent the color distortion of the current initial enhanced image, and the current partial remote sensing enhanced image is obtained.

[0072] The color restoration processing operation is specifically as follows: based on the pixel average value of the current initial enhanced image and the color channel pixel value of the current partial remote sensing image, a color restoration coefficient is obtained; based on the color restoration coefficient, pixel points in the current initial enhanced image are adjusted to obtain a partial remote sensing image.

[0073] S5. If the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, the future risk degree is obtained based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued; if the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued.

[0074] Based on the comparison between the slope risk value and the risk threshold, we will choose to continue monitoring, issue future warnings, or issue coal mine slope hazard warning information to improve the accuracy and rationality of coal mine slope warnings.

[0075] If the slope risk value is less than the first risk threshold, it means that the current coal mine slope is relatively safe and stable, and the coal mine slope should continue to be monitored.

[0076] If the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, it means that the current coal mine slope safety and stability are general. In order to reduce the future instability losses of the slope, future slope safety prediction analysis is performed. This embodiment obtains the future risk degree based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued; if the future risk degree is not greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope continues to be monitored.

[0077] Specifically, the potential sliding surface of the coal mine slope is determined based on the stratigraphic structure information of the coal mine slope (including the lithology, bedding, joints and other characteristics of different strata, which can be obtained through drilling sampling), geological structure information, slope direction, slope gradient and slope angle; based on the future rainfall duration and rainfall, as well as the geotechnical information corresponding to the potential sliding surface, the slope stress-strain analysis is carried out to obtain the potential safety factor. The potential safety factor and the slope risk value are weighted and summed to obtain the future risk degree.

[0078] If the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is directly issued.

[0079] This embodiment also provides an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning system, which is used to implement the above-mentioned open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method, including:

[0080] The coal mine slope risk level estimation module is used to obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and the slope angle threshold respectively; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and the first risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and the second risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and the third risk value generation module is executed;

[0081] The first risk value generation module is used to obtain the slope risk value based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point if the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, and execute the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed;

[0082] The second risk value generation module, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module;

[0083] The third risk value generation module, if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope angle and the slope foot, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed;

[0084] The future warning and warning information release module is used to obtain the future risk degree based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data if the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is released; if the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is released.

[0085] In the future early warning and warning information release module, different warning levels will be defined according to the possibility and severity of the disaster when issuing coal mine slope hazard warning information. And when the information is released, the warning information will be released through multiple channels such as television, radio, mobile phone text messages, social media, and dedicated apps to increase the public's awareness of the warning information and teach basic self-protection measures.

[0086] In addition, there will be an emergency response system in the future early warning and early warning information release module, including: emergency plan, which is used to formulate detailed emergency response plan, including command system, resource allocation, rescue route, etc.; emergency resource management, which is used to establish emergency material warehouse to ensure that rescue materials are sufficient and can be quickly allocated; emergency communication, which is used to ensure that the emergency communication system can operate stably and keep information transmission unimpeded when disasters occur; rescue team training, which is used to provide professional knowledge for regular professional training of rescue teams to ensure that they have the ability to deal with various disasters; emergency command center, which is used to establish links between centralized emergency command centers and is responsible for coordinating the actions of various emergency departments; cross-departmental collaboration, which is used to establish an effective cross-departmental communication mechanism to ensure information sharing and action coordination; disaster assessment, which is used to conduct detailed disaster impact assessment after the disaster occurs, including casualties, economic losses, etc.; system evaluation, which is used to analyze the effectiveness of the early warning and emergency response system based on feedback, identify deficiencies, and continuously optimize and upgrade the early warning and emergency response system.

[0087] This embodiment also provides an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the slope deformation map processor implements the above-mentioned open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method when executing the computer program stored in the slope deformation map memory.

[0088] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the slope deformation diagram computer program implements the above-mentioned open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method when executed by a processor.

[0089] The present embodiment provides an open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method. First, the slope morphological characteristics are evaluated based on the slope height and slope angle as the main basis, so as to divide the coal mine slope into different risk levels; then, according to the different risk levels of the coal mine slope and its specific morphological characteristics, an efficient and comprehensive real-time monitoring plan is formulated to optimize resource allocation, and multi-source data fusion is performed based on the displacement data and vibration data of the coal mine slope characteristic points, or / and the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction, or / and the number, position and displacement of cracks, or / and the slope deformation map and tilt image, so as to obtain a more accurate slope risk value; finally, according to the comparison result between the slope risk value and the risk threshold, it is selected to execute continued monitoring, future early warning or release coal mine slope danger early warning information, so as to improve the accuracy, rationality and reliability of coal mine slope early warning.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of open-pit coal mine slopes, characterized in that: The following operations are included: S1. Obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold respectively; If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a low risk level and S2 is executed; If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is of medium risk level, and S3 is executed; If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and S4 is executed; S2. If the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; the slope risk value is the ratio of the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable displacement and the influence degree weight coefficient; If the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, a slope risk value is obtained based on the displacements of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; the slope risk value is obtained by weighted summing the displacements of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point and the foot feature point to the corresponding maximum allowable displacements; S3, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, the slope risk value is obtained, and S5 is executed; specifically: according to the rock formation strike and inclination of the coal mine slope, the optical fiber sensor is arranged to obtain the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope; based on the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, the strain rate and displacement rate are obtained; the strain rate, displacement rate, coal mine slope historical factors and geological factors are weighted and summed to obtain the slope risk value; If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, a slope risk value is obtained based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; S4. If the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; specifically, the ratio of the width change of all characteristic cracks to the maximum allowable value of the width change, the ratio of the strain in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable strain value, and the ratio of the displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope to the maximum allowable displacement are weighted summed to obtain the slope risk value; If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge, the middle of the slope surface and the foot of the slope, and S5 is executed; If the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and S5 is executed; specifically: the radar data of the coal mine slope at the current time and the previous neighborhood time are obtained, and after image registration processing, the phase difference of the corresponding position points is obtained, and after least squares processing, it is converted into a deformation map to obtain the current slope deformation map; the current slope deformation map is subjected to edge feature extraction to obtain the current deformation edge map; the remote sensing image of the coal mine slope at the current time is obtained, and the remote sensing image and the current slope deformation map are subjected to feature fusion processing, and then superimposed with the current deformation edge map to obtain the current slope deformation remote sensing map; in the current slope deformation remote sensing map, the deformation values ​​of all position points and their respective position weights are subjected to weighted processing, and then summed to obtain the slope risk value; feature The fusion processing operation is achieved by adjusting the transparency of the current slope deformation map to a preset transparency and then superimposing it with the remote sensing image; S5. If the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, the future risk degree is obtained based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data. If the future risk degree is greater than the risk degree threshold, the coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued; If the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued.

2. The open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S5, the operation of obtaining the future risk degree based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data is specifically as follows: Based on the stratigraphic structure information, lithology information, geological structure information, slope direction, slope gradient and slope angle of the coal mine slope, the potential sliding surface of the coal mine slope is determined; based on the future rainfall duration and rainfall, as well as the geotechnical information corresponding to the potential sliding surface, the slope stress-strain analysis is performed to obtain the potential safety factor; The potential safety factor and the slope risk value are weighted and summed to obtain the future risk degree.

3. The open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement of the characteristic points of the coal mine slope in S2 is the displacement of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, or / and the displacement of the characteristic points in the middle of the slope, or / and the displacement of the characteristic points at the foot of the slope; If there are cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds at the top of the slope, the edge feature points of the top of the slope are several position points uniformly selected at the top of the slope along the shape of the coal mine slope, as well as the position points of the cracks, or / and faults, or / and folds; If there is a bulge, or / and a depression, or / and a turning point in the middle of the slope, the characteristic point in the middle of the slope is the position point of the bulge, or / and the depression, or / and the turning point of the slope; If there is a bulge, or / and a crack, or / and horizontal displacement of the rock and soil at the slope angle, the characteristic point of the slope foot is the location point where the bulge, or / and the crack, or / and the rock and soil occurs horizontal displacement.

4. The open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, the characteristic cracks include: cracks at the top of the slope, cracks at the bulge in the middle of the slope, cracks at the depression in the middle of the slope, cracks at the turning point in the middle of the slope, cracks with a width greater than a width threshold, and cracks with a height greater than a height threshold.

5. An open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning system, used to implement the open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: A coal mine slope risk level estimation module is used to obtain the slope height and slope angle of the coal mine slope, and determine whether the slope height and slope angle are greater than the slope height threshold and slope angle threshold respectively; If the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the coal mine slope is at a low risk level, and the first risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a medium risk level, and the second risk value generation module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, or the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, then the coal mine slope is at a high risk level, and the third risk value generation module is executed; The first risk value generation module is used to obtain the slope risk value based on the displacement of the coal mine slope feature point if the slope height is less than the first slope height threshold, and execute the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope height is not less than the first slope height threshold but not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the displacement of the top edge feature point, the middle feature point and the foot feature point of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; The second risk value generation module, if the slope angle is less than the first slope angle threshold and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the strain, displacement and geological factors in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module; if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, obtains the slope risk value based on the width change of the characteristic crack and the displacement of the characteristic point of the coal mine slope, and executes the future warning and warning information release module; The third risk value generation module, if the slope angle is not less than the first slope angle threshold but not greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the characteristic crack displacement, and the strain and displacement in the characteristic direction of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, but the slope height is not greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the number, position and displacement of the cracks, and the displacement and vibration of the characteristic points at the top edge of the slope, the characteristic points in the middle of the slope angle and the slope foot, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; if the slope angle is greater than the second slope angle threshold, and the slope height is greater than the second slope height threshold, the slope risk value is obtained based on the slope deformation map and the tilt image of the coal mine slope, and the future warning and warning information release module is executed; A future warning and warning information release module is used to obtain the future risk degree based on the slope risk value and future meteorological data if the slope risk value is not less than the first risk threshold but not greater than the second risk threshold, and to release coal mine slope danger warning information if the future risk degree is greater than the risk threshold; If the slope risk value is greater than the second risk value threshold, coal mine slope hazard warning information is issued.

6. An open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning device, characterized in that: It comprises a processor and a memory, wherein when the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, the open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: Used to store a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.