Hydrogen fuel cell heat online monitoring system and method

Abstract

The present invention provides an online heat monitoring system and method for a hydrogen fuel cell, which obtain and analyze temperature status data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area, so as to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery monomer inside the battery stack, the heat transfer status information inside the battery stack is determined, so as to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack and realize rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure status data of the area is obtained and analyzed, and it is judged whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, so as to adjust the gas supply state of the battery monomer, effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery monomer, avoid compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to an online heat monitoring system and method for hydrogen fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] As a clean energy source, hydrogen fuel cells have the characteristics of high power generation efficiency and sustainable and stable operation. They are widely used as batteries for electric vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cells react the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage container with oxygen in the air, thereby converting the chemical energy generated by the reaction into electrical energy. In order to ensure that enough electrical energy can be provided, multiple hydrogen fuel cell monomers are usually integrated into a battery stack, and then the electrical energy output by the battery stack is used for power supply. Hydrogen fuel cells use their own internal proton exchange membrane to complete the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. During the reaction, a large amount of heat will be generated and the pressure inside the battery will also increase. If the heat is not dissipated and the pressure inside the battery is not reduced in time, it will cause the battery to overheat and the proton exchange membrane to undergo irreversible deformation, thereby reducing the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online heat monitoring system and method for a hydrogen fuel cell, which obtains and analyzes the temperature state data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, predicts the heat change characteristic information of the area, thereby judging whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and quantitatively determines the heat generation during the reaction of the battery monomer; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery monomer inside the battery stack, the heat transfer state information inside the battery stack is determined, thereby adjusting the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack to achieve rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained and analyzed, and it is judged whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, thereby adjusting the gas supply state of the battery monomer, effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery monomer, avoiding compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improving the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The thermal online monitoring system of hydrogen fuel cells includes:

[0006] A temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire temperature state data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area;

[0007] A heat accumulation state judgment module, used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information;

[0008] a heat transfer state identification module, configured to determine heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation;

[0009] A heat dissipation adjustment module, used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information;

[0010] A pressure data acquisition and analysis module, for acquiring pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyzing the pressure state data, and determining whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area;

[0011] The gas supply adjustment module is used to adjust the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs.

[0012] Optionally, the temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict heat change characteristic information of the region, including:

[0013] Distributed detection is performed inside the space of the region where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell units under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the region;

[0014] Analyze the temperature change data of all the locations to obtain the temperature change rate information of each location; then, based on the temperature change rate information of all the locations, perform heat field simulation and prediction processing on the interior of the space in the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outward from the area;

[0015] The heat accumulation state judgment module is used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information, including:

[0016] The average rate of heat diffusion outward is compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of heat diffusion outward is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is determined that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is determined that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation.

[0017] Optionally, the heat transfer state identification module is used to determine the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, including:

[0018] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates;

[0019] The heat dissipation adjustment module is used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information, including:

[0020] Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation performed by the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack are adjusted.

[0021] Optionally, the pressure data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyze the pressure state data, and determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area, including:

[0022] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area;

[0023] Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, judge whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, if so, judge that the proton exchange membrane does not have a deformation risk; if not, judge that the proton exchange membrane has a deformation risk;

[0024] The gas supply adjustment module is used to adjust the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs, including:

[0025] When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

[0026] The method for online thermal monitoring of a hydrogen fuel cell includes:

[0027] Acquire temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict heat change characteristic information of the region; based on the heat change characteristic information, determine whether the region is in a state of continuous heat accumulation;

[0028] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; based on the heat transfer state information, the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted;

[0029] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs or not, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted.

[0030] Optionally, obtaining temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyzing the temperature state data, and predicting heat change characteristic information of the region; and judging whether the region is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information, including:

[0031] Distributed detection is performed inside the space of the region where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell units under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the region;

[0032] The temperature change data of all the position points are analyzed to obtain the temperature change rate information of each position point; based on the temperature change rate information of all the position points, the heat field simulation prediction processing is performed on the space inside the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outwards in the area; the average rate of heat diffusion outwards is compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate, if the average rate of heat diffusion outwards is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is judged that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is judged that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation.

[0033] Optionally, judging whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information includes:

[0034] Step S1, assuming ΔH is the enthalpy of hydrogen, I strepresents the value of the current in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, then the heat released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is:

[0035]

[0036] In the above formula (1), Q f is the heat value released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, n is the number of fuel cell monomers in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, and F is the Faraday constant;

[0037] In step S2, assuming that T0 is the ambient temperature of the proton exchange membrane, T1 is the temperature of the anode gas, T2 is the temperature of the cathode gas, N1 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the anode, and N2 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the cathode, the heat brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is:

[0038] Q i =(T1-T0)N1C1+(T2-T0)N2C2 (2)

[0039] In the above formula (2), Q i is the heat value brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, C1 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the anode, and C2 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the cathode;

[0040] Accordingly, the heat brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is:

[0041] Q o =(T out -T0)N out C out (3)

[0042] In the above formula (3), Q o is the heat value brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, T out is the temperature of the outflowing gas, N out is the molar flow rate of the outflowing gas, C out is the specific heat capacity of the outflowing gas;

[0043] Accordingly, the heat removed by the cooling liquid is calculated as follows:

[0044] Q s =W s ρ s C s (T sin -T sout ) (4)

[0045] In the above formula (4), Q s is the heat value taken away by the cooling liquid, Ws is the flow rate of cooling liquid, ρ s is the density of the cooling liquid, C s is the specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid, T sin 、T sout are the entry and exit temperatures of the cooling liquid, respectively;

[0046] The calculation formula for the value of the heat released from the periphery of the proton exchange membrane to the external environment is as follows:

[0047] Q l =H l S(T l -T0) (5)

[0048] In the above formula (5), Q l is the value of the heat released from the periphery of the proton exchange membrane to the external environment, H l is the heat transfer coefficient between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, S is the contact area between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, T l is the peripheral temperature of the proton exchange membrane;

[0049] Step S3, judging whether the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous heat accumulation according to the calculation results of the above steps S1 and S2,

[0050]

[0051] Wherein, when f(Q) is 0, it indicates that the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and f(Q) is 1, it indicates that the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; and the heat accumulation value Q = Q f +Q i -Q s -Q l -Q o .

[0052] Optionally, when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; and based on the heat transfer state information, the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted, including:

[0053] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates;

[0054] Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation performed by the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack are adjusted.

[0055] Optionally, when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the determination result of whether the risk of deformation occurs, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted, including:

[0056] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area;

[0057] Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, judge whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, if so, judge that the proton exchange membrane does not have a deformation risk; if not, judge that the proton exchange membrane has a deformation risk;

[0058] When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] The online heat monitoring system and method of the hydrogen fuel cell provided in the present application obtains and analyzes the temperature status data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell cells under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and predicts the heat change characteristic information of the area, so as to determine whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and quantify the heat generation during the reaction of the battery cell; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery cell inside the battery stack, the heat transfer status information inside the battery stack is determined, so as to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack and realize rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure status data of the area is obtained and analyzed, and it is determined whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, so as to adjust the gas supply state of the battery cell, effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell, avoid compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the online heat monitoring system for the hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention.

[0063] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of the method for online heat monitoring of a hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only some structures related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, rather than all structures. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0065] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0066] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0067] See also Figure 1 As shown, an online heat monitoring system for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in one embodiment of the present application. The online heat monitoring system for a hydrogen fuel cell comprises:

[0068] The temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the temperature state data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area;

[0069] A heat accumulation state judgment module is used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information;

[0070] A heat transfer state identification module is used to determine the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation;

[0071] A heat dissipation adjustment module, used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information;

[0072] A pressure data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyze the pressure state data, and determine whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation;

[0073] The gas supply adjustment module is used to adjust the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs.

[0074] The beneficial effects of the above embodiments are as follows: the online heat monitoring system of the hydrogen fuel cell acquires and analyzes the temperature status data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell cells under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and predicts the heat change characteristic information of the area, so as to determine whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and quantify the heat generation in the battery cell reaction process; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery cell inside the battery stack, the heat transfer status information inside the battery stack is determined, so as to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack and realize rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure status data of the area is acquired and analyzed, and it is determined whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, so as to adjust the gas supply state of the battery cell, effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell, avoid the compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0075] In another embodiment, the temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the temperature state data of the proton exchange membrane area of ​​all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack, analyze the temperature state data, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area, including:

[0076] Distributed detection is performed inside the space where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the area;

[0077] The temperature change data of all location points are analyzed to obtain the temperature change rate information of each location point; based on the temperature change rate information of all location points, the heat field simulation prediction processing is performed inside the space of the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outward from the area;

[0078] The heat accumulation state judgment module is used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information, including:

[0079] The average rate of heat diffusion outward is compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of heat diffusion outward is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is determined that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is determined that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation.

[0080] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that the hydrogen fuel cell stack includes a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell monomers stacked on each other, and each hydrogen fuel cell monomer can independently generate electricity. The proton exchange membrane inside each hydrogen fuel cell monomer is the main area for hydrogen and oxygen reaction. The space in the area where the corresponding proton exchange membrane is located will generate a large amount of heat. By performing distributed detection on the space inside the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, the temperature change data of different positions in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is obtained, so that the heat existence state at different positions in the area can be quantitatively determined. The temperature change data of all positions are also analyzed to obtain the temperature change rate information of each position point (that is, the temperature increase or decrease rate of the position point), and then the temperature change rate information of all positions is used as a reference to perform heat field simulation and prediction processing on the space inside the area, that is, simulate the heat flow field distribution state inside the space of the area, so as to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outward in the area, and judge the heat dissipation speed of the area. The average rate of outward diffusion of the heat is also compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of outward diffusion of the heat is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is judged that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is judged that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation. This can realize real-time online monitoring of the heat of the hydrogen fuel cell and facilitate subsequent differentiated control processing of the hydrogen fuel cell according to different situations.

[0081] In another embodiment, the heat transfer state identification module is used to determine the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, including:

[0082] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates;

[0083] The heat dissipation adjustment module is used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information, including:

[0084] Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation performed by the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack are adjusted.

[0085] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, it indicates that the heat generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area has not been dissipated in time. At this time, the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates are obtained. Since heat interaction will be formed between different hydrogen fuel cell monomers inside the entire hydrogen fuel cell stack, generally speaking, the high heat area inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack will transfer heat to the low heat area. By analyzing the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates, the heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path can be accurately determined. Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the heat dissipation equipment such as the semiconductor refrigeration spray equipment is controlled to spray cold air in a directional manner to the area where the heat transfer path in the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and the cold air spray rate of the semiconductor refrigeration spray equipment is adaptively increased, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation equipment to the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0086] In another embodiment, the pressure data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyze the pressure state data, and determine whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area has a deformation risk, including:

[0087] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area;

[0088] Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, determine whether the pressure on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane is balanced, if so, determine that the proton exchange membrane does not have a deformation risk; if not, determine that the proton exchange membrane has a deformation risk;

[0089] The gas supply adjustment module is used to adjust the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs, including:

[0090] When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

[0091] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that when hydrogen and oxygen react inside the hydrogen fuel cell, its internal air pressure will increase, thereby exerting pressure on the proton exchange membrane inside the battery. When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, a distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain the pressure change data of different positions in the area, and the pressure change data of all positions are analyzed to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area, so as to judge whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, that is, to judge whether the air pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced with each other, so as to accurately judge whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane. And when there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is reduced, so that the reaction efficiency of the proton exchange membrane can be guaranteed to the maximum extent under safe conditions and the proton exchange membrane can be timely prevented from being deformed due to uneven air pressure and affecting the normal operation of the reaction.

[0092] See also Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for online monitoring of heat of a hydrogen fuel cell. The method for online monitoring of heat of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises:

[0093] Acquire temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict heat change characteristic information of the region; based on the heat change characteristic information, determine whether the region is in a state of continuous heat accumulation;

[0094] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; based on the heat transfer state information, the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted;

[0095] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs or not, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted.

[0096] The beneficial effects of the above embodiments are as follows: the online heat monitoring method of the hydrogen fuel cell obtains and analyzes the temperature status data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell cells under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and predicts the heat change characteristic information of the area, so as to determine whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and quantify the heat generation in the battery cell reaction process; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery cell inside the battery stack, the heat transfer status information inside the battery stack is determined, so as to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack and realize rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure status data of the area is obtained and analyzed, and it is determined whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, so as to adjust the gas supply state of the battery cell, effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell, avoid compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0097] In another embodiment, the temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located is obtained, the temperature state data is analyzed, and the heat change characteristic information of the region is predicted; based on the heat change characteristic information, it is determined whether the region is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, including:

[0098] Distributed detection is performed inside the space where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the area;

[0099] The temperature change data of all position points are analyzed to obtain the temperature change rate information of each position point; based on the temperature change rate information of all position points, the heat field simulation prediction processing is performed inside the space of the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outwards in the area; the average rate of heat diffusion outwards is compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of heat diffusion outwards is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is judged that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is judged that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation.

[0100] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that the hydrogen fuel cell stack includes a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell monomers stacked on each other, and each hydrogen fuel cell monomer can independently generate electricity. The proton exchange membrane inside each hydrogen fuel cell monomer is the main area for hydrogen and oxygen reaction. The space in the area where the corresponding proton exchange membrane is located will generate a large amount of heat. By performing distributed detection on the space inside the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, the temperature change data of different positions in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is obtained, so that the heat existence state at different positions in the area can be quantitatively determined. The temperature change data of all positions are also analyzed to obtain the temperature change rate information of each position point (that is, the temperature increase or decrease rate of the position point), and then the temperature change rate information of all positions is used as a reference to perform heat field simulation and prediction processing on the space inside the area, that is, simulate the heat flow field distribution state inside the space of the area, so as to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outward in the area, and judge the heat dissipation speed of the area. The average rate of outward diffusion of the heat is also compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of outward diffusion of the heat is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is judged that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is judged that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation. This can realize real-time online monitoring of the heat of the hydrogen fuel cell and facilitate subsequent differentiated control processing of the hydrogen fuel cell according to different situations.

[0101] In another embodiment, judging whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information includes:

[0102] Step S1, assuming ΔH is the enthalpy of hydrogen, I st represents the value of the current in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located. The heat released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is:

[0103]

[0104] In the above formula (1), Q fis the heat value released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, n is the number of fuel cell monomers in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, and F is the Faraday constant;

[0105] In step S2, assuming that T0 is the ambient temperature of the proton exchange membrane, T1 is the temperature of the anode gas, T2 is the temperature of the cathode gas, N1 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the anode, and N2 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the cathode, the heat brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is:

[0106] Q i =(T1-T0)N1C1+(T2-T0)N2C2 (2)

[0107] In the above formula (2), Q i is the heat value brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, C1 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the anode, and C2 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the cathode;

[0108] Correspondingly, the heat brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is:

[0109] Q o =(T out -T0)N out C out (3)

[0110] In the above formula (3), Q o is the heat value brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, T out is the temperature of the outflowing gas, N out is the molar flow rate of the outflowing gas, C out is the specific heat capacity of the outflowing gas;

[0111] Accordingly, the heat removed by the cooling liquid is calculated as follows:

[0112] Q s =W s ρ s C s (T sin -T sout ) (4)

[0113] In the above formula (4), Q s is the heat value taken away by the cooling liquid, W s is the flow rate of cooling liquid, ρ s is the density of the cooling liquid, C s is the specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid, T sin 、T sout are the entry and exit temperatures of the cooling liquid, respectively;

[0114] The calculation formula for the release of heat around the proton exchange membrane to the external environment is as follows:

[0115] Q l =H l S(T l -T0) (5)

[0116] In the above formula (5), Q l is the value of the heat released from the periphery of the proton exchange membrane to the external environment, H l is the heat transfer coefficient between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, S is the contact area between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, T l is the peripheral temperature of the proton exchange membrane;

[0117] Step S3, judging whether the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous heat accumulation according to the calculation results of the above steps S1 and S2,

[0118]

[0119] When f(Q) is 0, it means that the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is not in a state of continuous accumulation of heat, and f(Q) is 1, it means that the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous accumulation of heat; and the heat accumulation value Q = Q f +Q i -Q s -Q l -Q o .

[0120] The beneficial effects of the above embodiments are that the proton exchange membrane is the core of the fuel cell. If the proton exchange membrane is damaged, it will cause the mixing of fuel and oxidant, and violent chemical heating reaction will occur under the action of the electrocatalyst, burning the battery, and even causing damage to the entire battery stack. Therefore, the accuracy of the temperature state data in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is extremely high. However, due to the complex internal structure of the fuel cell, according to the first law of thermodynamics, the heat in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is mainly composed of the heat released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, the heat brought in by the reaction gas, the heat released from the environment to the external environment, the heat taken away by the cooling liquid, the heat taken out by the reaction gas, and other heat. Any inaccurate calculation of heat will cause deviations in the simulation prediction results of the subsequent heat field, thereby causing errors in the judgment of whether the area is in a state of continuous accumulation of heat, thereby threatening the safety of the proton exchange membrane and posing huge safety hazards. By judging whether the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous accumulation of heat accumulation in the above manner, the heat accumulation state of the proton exchange membrane can be identified in a timely and accurate manner, effectively reducing the safety hazards of the proton exchange membrane.

[0121] In another embodiment, when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; based on the heat transfer state information, the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted, including:

[0122] When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates;

[0123] Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation of the hydrogen fuel cell stack by the heat dissipation device are adjusted.

[0124] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, it indicates that the heat generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area has not been dissipated in time. At this time, the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates are obtained. Since heat interaction will be formed between different hydrogen fuel cell monomers inside the entire hydrogen fuel cell stack, generally speaking, the high heat area inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack will transfer heat to the low heat area. By analyzing the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates, the heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path can be accurately determined. Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, the heat dissipation equipment such as the semiconductor refrigeration spray equipment is controlled to spray cold air in a directional manner to the area where the heat transfer path in the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and the cold air spray rate of the semiconductor refrigeration spray equipment is adaptively increased, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation equipment to the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0125] In another embodiment, when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the determination result of whether the deformation risk occurs, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted, including:

[0126] When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area;

[0127] Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, determine whether the pressure on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane is balanced, if so, determine that the proton exchange membrane does not have a deformation risk; if not, determine that the proton exchange membrane has a deformation risk;

[0128] When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

[0129] The beneficial effect of the above embodiment is that when hydrogen and oxygen react inside the hydrogen fuel cell, its internal air pressure will increase, thereby exerting pressure on the proton exchange membrane inside the battery. When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, a distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain the pressure change data of different positions in the area, and the pressure change data of all positions are analyzed to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area, so as to judge whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, that is, to judge whether the air pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced with each other, so as to accurately judge whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane. And when there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is reduced, so that the reaction efficiency of the proton exchange membrane can be guaranteed to the maximum extent under safe conditions and the proton exchange membrane can be timely prevented from being deformed due to uneven air pressure and affecting the normal operation of the reaction.

[0130] In general, the online heat monitoring system and method of the hydrogen fuel cell obtains and analyzes the temperature status data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of all hydrogen fuel cell cells under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, and predicts the heat change characteristic information of the area, so as to determine whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, and quantify the heat generation in the reaction process of the battery cell; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, based on the position of the battery cell inside the battery stack, the heat transfer status information inside the battery stack is determined, so as to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the battery stack and realize rapid heat dissipation; when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure status data of the area is obtained and analyzed, and it is determined whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area is at risk of deformation, so as to adjust the gas supply state of the battery cell, effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell, avoid compression deformation of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the working safety and reliability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0131] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, and any other improvements made based on the concept of the present invention are considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The online heat monitoring system of hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by: include: A temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire temperature state data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area; A heat accumulation state judgment module, used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information; A heat transfer state identification module, used to determine heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; A heat dissipation adjustment module, used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information; A pressure data acquisition and analysis module, for acquiring pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyzing the pressure state data, and determining whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; A gas supply adjustment module, used for adjusting the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs; The temperature data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the temperature state data of the area where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers under the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict the heat change characteristic information of the area, including: Distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell units under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the area; Analyze the temperature change data of all the locations to obtain the temperature change rate information of each location; then, based on the temperature change rate information of all the locations, perform heat field simulation and prediction processing on the interior of the space in the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outward from the area; The heat accumulation state judgment module is used to judge whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation based on the heat change characteristic information, including: The average rate of heat diffusion outward is compared with the preset reaction heat generation rate. If the average rate of heat diffusion outward is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is determined that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is determined that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation; The heat transfer state identification module is used to determine the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, including: When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates; The heat dissipation adjustment module is used to adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the heat transfer state information, including: Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, adjusting the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation performed by the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack; The pressure data acquisition and analysis module is used to acquire the pressure state data of the area when the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, analyze the pressure state data, and determine whether the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area has a deformation risk, including: When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area; Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, determine whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, and if so, determine that there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane; If not, it is determined that the proton exchange membrane has a risk of deformation; The gas supply adjustment module is used to adjust the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer based on the judgment result of whether the deformation risk occurs, including: When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

2. A method for online heat monitoring of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: include: Acquire temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict heat change characteristic information of the region; Based on the heat change characteristic information, determine whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; when the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, determine the heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; based on the heat transfer state information, adjust the heat dissipation operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell stack by the heat dissipation device; When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the determination result of whether the risk of deformation occurs, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted; Acquire temperature state data of the region where the proton exchange membrane of each of the hydrogen fuel cell monomers of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is located, analyze the temperature state data, and predict heat change characteristic information of the region; Based on the heat change characteristic information, determining whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation includes: Distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area where the proton exchange membranes of all hydrogen fuel cell units under the hydrogen fuel cell stack are located to obtain temperature change data at different locations in the area; Analyze the temperature change data of all the position points to obtain the temperature change rate information of each position point; then based on the temperature change rate information of all the position points, perform heat field simulation and prediction processing on the space inside the area to obtain the average rate of heat diffusion outwards in the area; compare the average rate of heat diffusion outwards with the preset reaction heat generation rate, if the average rate of heat diffusion outwards is less than the preset reaction heat generation rate, it is judged that the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation; otherwise, it is judged that the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation; Based on the heat change characteristic information, determining whether the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation includes: Step S1, assuming ΔH is the enthalpy of hydrogen, I st represents the value of the current in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, then the heat released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located is: In the above formula (1), Q f is the heat value released by the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, n is the number of fuel cell monomers in the area where the proton exchange membrane is located, and F is the Faraday constant; In step S2, assuming that T0 is the ambient temperature of the proton exchange membrane, T1 is the temperature of the anode gas, T2 is the temperature of the cathode gas, N1 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the anode, and N2 is the molar flow rate of the gas entering the cathode, the heat brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is: Q i =(T1-T0)N1C1+(T2-T0)N2C2 (2) In the above formula (2), Q i is the heat value brought into the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, C1 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the anode, and C2 is the specific heat capacity of the gas entering the cathode; Accordingly, the heat brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane is: Q o =(T out -T0)N out C out (3) In the above formula (3), Q o is the heat value brought out by the reaction gas around the proton exchange membrane, T out is the temperature of the outflowing gas, N out is the molar flow rate of the outflowing gas, C out is the specific heat capacity of the outflowing gas; Accordingly, the heat removed by the cooling liquid is calculated as follows: Q s =W s ρ s C s (T sin -T sout ) (4) In the above formula (4), Q s is the heat value taken away by the cooling liquid, W s is the flow rate of cooling liquid, ρ s is the density of the cooling liquid, C s is the specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid, T sin , T sout are the entry and exit temperatures of the cooling liquid, respectively; The calculation formula for the value of the heat released from the periphery of the proton exchange membrane to the external environment is as follows: Q l =H l S(T l -T0) (5) In the above formula (5), Q l is the value of the heat released from the periphery of the proton exchange membrane to the external environment, H l is the heat transfer coefficient between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, S is the contact area between the periphery of the proton exchange membrane and the external environment, T l is the peripheral temperature of the proton exchange membrane; Step S3, judging whether the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous heat accumulation according to the calculation results of the above steps S1 and S2, Wherein, when f(Q) is 0, it indicates that the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is not in a state of continuous accumulation of heat, and f(Q) is 1, it indicates that the region where the proton exchange membrane is located is in a state of continuous accumulation of heat; and the heat accumulation value Q = Q f +Q i -Q s -Q l -Q o ; When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer state information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined based on the position of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack; based on the heat transfer state information, the heat dissipation operation state of the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted, including: When the area is in a state of continuous heat accumulation, heat transfer path distribution information inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heat transfer rate information corresponding to each heat transfer path are determined based on the positions of all hydrogen fuel cell monomers in the state of continuous heat accumulation inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack and their heat accumulation rates; Based on the heat transfer path distribution information and the heat transfer rate information, adjusting the injection direction and injection rate of the cold flow during the cold flow heat dissipation operation performed by the heat dissipation device on the hydrogen fuel cell stack; When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, the pressure state data of the area is obtained, and the pressure state data is analyzed to determine whether there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; and based on the determination result of whether the deformation risk occurs, the gas supply state of the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomer is adjusted, including: When the area is not in a state of continuous heat accumulation, distributed detection is performed inside the space of the area to obtain pressure change data at different locations of the area; Analyze the pressure change data of all position points to obtain the surface pressure distribution information of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the area; based on the surface pressure distribution information, judge whether the pressure effects on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are balanced, if so, judge that the proton exchange membrane does not have a deformation risk; if not, judge that the proton exchange membrane has a deformation risk; When there is no risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the current hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are kept unchanged; when there is a risk of deformation of the proton exchange membrane, the hydrogen and air supply flow rates to the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell monomers are reduced.

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