Method for screening rice varieties resistant to mechanical harvesting and compaction of reclaimed rice based on rice pile pushing resistance

Abstract

The application discloses the technical field of regenerated rice, and particularly relates to a method for screening rice varieties resistant to machine harvesting and rolling of regenerated rice based on rice pile pushing resistance, which comprises the following steps: S1, before harvesting of the first-season rice, water in ditches of a rice field is drained, soil hardening degree is increased, and machine harvesting and storage conditions for regenerated rice are established; S2, when the first-season rice reaches a mature period, the first-season rice is cut, and a pile is left during cutting; S3, single-hole rice pile pushing resistance data is collected; and S4, regenerated rice yield is estimated according to a single-hole rice pile pushing resistance estimation model Y = 1.421X + 2.474, and the rolling resistance of the variety is identified. The application takes rice pile pushing resistance as a core index, which not only reflects the healthy condition of lower stems of a first-season rice growing rice plant, but also takes into account the rolling resistance characteristics of machine-harvested regenerated rice piles and the yield of regenerated rice, so that the requirement for early and accurate identification of machine-harvestable regenerated rice varieties is met, and complicated procedures such as regenerated-season harvesting and variety identification are avoided. The correlation coefficient of the single-hole rice pile pushing resistance estimation model and the yield of the regenerated season is relatively high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of regenerative rice, and particularly relates to a method for screening a rice variety resistant to machine harvesting and rolling based on rice stalk pushing resistance. BACKGROUND

[0002] Regenerative rice is a mode of rice planting, that is, one season of harvesting two seasons of rice, after the middle rice is harvested, the dormant buds surviving on the rice stalk are used to grow another season of rice under suitable environmental conditions of water, nutrients, temperature, light, etc. Regenerative rice must be planted in areas with suitable temperature, light, and water conditions to ensure stable and high yield.

[0003] The development of regenerative rice planting is inevitably adapted to full mechanization, and the production of rice varieties resistant to machine harvesting and rolling is promoted, which is a key technical link to solve the problem of reduced regenerative force and unstable yield of regenerative rice in the production mode of machine harvesting and water storage. At present, there are many rice varieties applied in the regenerative rice area in China, and a large number of new varieties are approved every year. It is difficult to realize the screening of machine harvesting and water storage regenerative rice varieties for all rice varieties through field tests one by one and the determination of two-season yield due to the huge workload. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a scientific and easy-to-operate screening method for rice varieties resistant to rolling, which provides a technical basis for the rapid selection of rice varieties suitable for machine harvesting of regenerative rice. SUMMARY

[0004] The primary object of the present application is to provide a method for screening rice varieties resistant to machine harvesting and rolling based on rice stalk pushing resistance, which mainly solves the problem of huge workload and difficulty in realizing the screening of machine harvesting and water storage regenerative rice varieties for all rice varieties through field tests one by one and the determination of two-season yield.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] A method for screening rice varieties resistant to machine harvesting and rolling based on rice stalk pushing resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, before the first season of rice is harvested, drain the water in the ditches of the rice field, increase the soil hardness, and establish the operation conditions for machine harvesting and water storage of regenerative rice;

[0008] S2, when the first season of rice reaches the mature period, the first season of rice is cut, and the stalk is left with a height of 30 cm;

[0009] S3, collect the single-hole rice stalk pushing resistance data;

[0010] S4, estimate the yield of regenerative rice according to the single-hole rice stalk pushing resistance estimation model Y = 1.421X + 2.474, and obtain the actual yield of the variety in the regenerative season;

[0011] S5, the machine-harvested ratooning rice resistant to rolling classification determination, when single-hole rice pile push resistance > 1.75 kg, and ratooning rice actual yield > 5.0 t / ha -1 , it is 1st grade; when 1.12 <= single-hole rice pile push resistance <= 1.75 kg, and 4.0 t / ha -1 < ratooning rice actual yield <= 5.0 t / ha -1 , it is 2nd grade; when 0.78 kg <= single-hole rice pile push resistance <= 1.01 kg, and 3.0 t / ha -1 < ratooning rice actual yield <= 4.0 t / ha -1 , it is 3rd grade; when single-hole rice pile push resistance <= 0.50 kg, and ratooning rice actual yield <= 3.0 t / ha -1 , it is 4th grade.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application, in step S1, the water in the ditch of the rice field is drained 7-10 days before the first-season rice is harvested.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application, in step S2, the cutting height is 30 cm.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application, in step S4, X represents the single-hole rice pile push resistance, and Y represents the ratooning rice yield.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application takes the rice pile push resistance as the core index, which not only reflects the healthy condition of the lower stems of the first-season rice growing rice plants, but also takes into account the rolling pressure resistance characteristics of the machine-harvested ratooning rice pile and the ratooning rice yield, so as to achieve the requirement of early and accurate identification of the machine-harvested ratooning rice varieties, and the cumbersome procedures such as ratooning season harvesting and variety testing are avoided, and the correlation coefficient of the single-hole rice pile push resistance estimation model and the ratooning season yield is higher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The flow chart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] EMBODIMENT

[0019] A method for screening ratooning rice varieties resistant to machine-harvested rolling, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1, 7-10 days before the first crop of rice is harvested, drain the water in the ditches of the rice field, increase the soil hardness, and establish the conditions for mechanical harvesting, storage, and regeneration of rice;

[0021] S2, when the first crop of rice reaches the mature stage, the first crop of rice is cut, and the stubble is left for 30 m;

[0022] S3, collect single-hole rice stubble push resistance data;

[0023] S4, estimate the yield of the regenerated rice according to the single-hole rice stubble push resistance estimation model Y = 1.421X + 2.474, and identify the resistance to rolling of the varieties, thereby completing the selection of the regenerated rice varieties resistant to mechanical harvesting and rolling. Wherein X represents the single-hole rice stubble push resistance, and Y represents the yield of the regenerated rice.

[0024] Experimental example

[0025] In 2023, a study on the adaptability and selection of 36 varieties of mechanical harvesting and regeneration of rice resistant to rolling was conducted in Yongchuan District, Chongqing. For the 36 varieties, the push resistance of the stems at the mature stage of the first crop, the regeneration force of the regeneration season, the effective panicles, the biological yield, and the actual yield were determined, and the correlation analysis was conducted (see Table 1). The results showed that the regeneration force, the effective panicles, the biological yield, and the actual yield of the regeneration season were all positively correlated, and were positively correlated with the push resistance. It was shown that the greater the push resistance of the rice stubble of the first crop at the mature stage, the higher the rate of germination and seedling of the rice stubble axillary buds, the higher the regeneration force and effective panicles, and the higher the dry matter accumulation, which was beneficial to the formation of high yield in the regeneration season. On this basis, the actual yield and the predicted yield of the regenerated rice were compared, and the results showed (see Table 2) that, for example, the 1st type of rice resistant to rolling and suitable for mechanical harvesting, the actual yield was 5.1-6.0 t ha -1 , the average actual yield was 5.6 t ha -1 , the predicted yield was 5.0-5.7 t ha -1 , the average actual yield was 5.3 t ha -1 , the average difference was 0.3 t ha -1 ; the 2nd type of variety, the actual yield was 4.2-4.9 t ha -1 , the average actual yield was 4.6 t ha -1 , the predicted yield was 4.1-4.9 t ha -1 , the average actual yield was 4.7 t ha -1 , the average difference was 0.1 t ha -1, the predicted yield and the actual harvest yield are highly consistent, which shows that it is feasible to use the first season rice pile pushing resistance to identify the machine-harvesting and roller-resistant strong regenerative force varieties. Meanwhile, 36 machine-harvesting regenerative rice varieties are classified by using the pushing resistance as a core index (see Table 3). According to the production demonstration for many years, the classification is in line with the large-area production and application of machine-harvesting regenerative rice, and is correct. Taking the strong regenerative force rice variety Yuxiang 203 which is generally considered suitable for machine harvesting and roller resistance as a control, the invention method identifies Shengliangyou Yuehe Simiao, Weiliangyou 8612, Pinxiangyou Meijian, Shengliangyou 5814, Yongyou 4949 and Longliangyou Huazhan, etc. According to the large-area production and application of machine-harvesting regenerative rice, the above-mentioned varieties have outstanding performance in rice pile roller resistance under the conditions of machine transplanting and machine-harvesting whole-process mechanization production in different ecological regions of the Yangtze River Basin in China, and the yield of machine-harvesting and storage regenerative rice is stable, and the yield is good, which shows that the varieties identified by the invention method have wide adaptability in large-area production. In summary, the new method for identifying machine-harvesting and roller-resistant regenerative rice varieties of the invention is simple to operate, and has strong feasibility and accuracy. The method for determining the machine-harvesting and roller-resistant characteristics of the variety is simple, labor-saving, scientific and accurate, and the technical progress is outstanding.

[0026] Table 1 Correlation analysis of single-hole pushing resistance of rice pile and key agronomic traits and yield in regenerative season

[0027]

[0028] Table 2 Pushing resistance and actual yield performance of different machine-harvesting and roller-resistant regenerative rice varieties

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Table 3 Comparison of actual yield and predicted yield of different machine-harvesting and roller-resistant regenerative rice varieties

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] The lower stem pushing resistance of rice is a key index reflecting the stem strength, and whether the root system is developed or not. The greater the value is, the better the stem toughness is, and the greater the rebound force is after being pressed down. When the regenerative rice is harvested, the panicles and upper stems of rice plants are cut, and the lower stems are reserved as the mother rice plants for the growth of regenerative rice. That is, when the mechanical harvesting and retaining of regenerative rice are carried out, the rice plants are pressed by the track of the harvester, and the rice plants are close to the ground. Among them, the variety with large lower stem pushing resistance has large rebound force, and the pressed rice plants tend to return to normal. Under certain cultivation technical measures, the axillary buds on the rice plants can germinate and grow into seedlings and panicles, and the success rate of planting regenerative rice by mechanical harvesting is increased. On the contrary, the rebound force of the stem is small, the rice plants are pressed down by the track and do not return to normal, the axillary buds tend to die, and the yield level of the mechanical harvesting of regenerative rice is reduced.

[0035] Taking the rice plant pushing resistance as the core index, the robustness of the lower stem of the first-season rice is reflected, and the characteristics of the rice plants of the mechanical harvesting of regenerative rice and the yield of regenerative rice are considered, so that the requirements of early and accurate identification of the mechanical harvesting of regenerative rice are met, and the cumbersome procedures such as the yield test in the regenerative season are avoided. The correlation coefficient between the estimated model of the single-hole rice plant pushing resistance and the yield in the regenerative season is 0.52 (P<0.01). **

[0036] The above describes only the preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacements or changes to the technical solutions and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. A method for screening rice varieties resistant to mechanical harvesting and roller compaction of the regenerated rice based on the resistance of the rice pile to pushing, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, before the first season rice is harvested, draining water in the ditch of the rice field, increasing the soil hardening degree, and establishing the operation condition of the machine harvesting and the conservation and regeneration of rice; S2, when the first season rice reaches the mature period, the first season rice is cut, and the stubble is left with a height of 30 cm; S3, the single-hole rice stubble pushing resistance data is collected; S4, the yield of the regenerated rice is estimated according to the single-hole rice stubble pushing resistance estimation model Y=1.421X+2.474, and the actual yield of the variety in the regeneration season is obtained, X represents the single-hole rice stubble pushing resistance, and Y represents the yield of the regenerated rice; S5, the grading determination of the tolerance to roller compaction of machine-harvested ratoons, when the single-hole rice pile push resistance > 1.75 kg, and the ratoon yield > 5.0 t / ha -1 , is level 1; when 1.12 ≤ the single-hole rice pile push resistance ≤ 1.75 kg, and 4.0 t / ha -1 < ratoon yield ≤ 5.0 t / ha -1 , is level 2; when 0.78 kg ≤ the single-hole rice pile push resistance ≤ 1.01 kg, and 3.0 t / ha -1 < ratoon yield ≤ 4.0 t / ha -1 , is level 3; when the single-hole rice pile push resistance ≤ 0.50 kg, and the ratoon yield ≤ 3.0 t / ha -1 , is level 4.

2. The method for screening the variety of rice based on the resistance to the rice recovery and compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, 7-10 days before the first season rice is harvested, the water in the ditch of the rice field is drained.

3. The method for screening the variety of rice based on the resistance to the rice recovery and compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the stubble is left with a height of 30 cm when cutting.

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