Cactus extract, active composition, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of skin care products, and in particular to a cactus extract, an active composition, and a preparation method and application thereof. The cactus extract includes cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide is ≤100,000 Da; in terms of molar mass ratio, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide includes 7.86% - 20.96% rhamnose, 20.10% - 45.19% arabinose, 21.94% - 35.69% galactose, 0.5% - 13.46% glucose, 15.93% - 27.81% xylose, and 2.02% - 10.84% galacturonic acid. The active composition includes a cactus extract and a bioactive substance; the molecular weight of the bioactive substance is ≤1,000, and the cactus extract includes cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide is ≤100,000 Da. The cactus extract and the active composition of the present invention both have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, repair and other effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of skin care products, and particularly to a cactus extract, an active composition, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Natural polysaccharides with a relatively high degree of branching have attracted much attention due to their biological activities and applications. Polysaccharide macromolecules with a relatively high degree of branching mainly exist in comb-like, dendritic or spherical structures. Due to the presence of cavities inside the polysaccharide molecules with a relatively high degree of branching and a large number of functionalizable groups on the periphery, they have relatively high biological activities.

[0003] Cactus is a tropical and subtropical plant that can grow in arid climates and has relatively rich bioactive substances. Among them, cactus polysaccharide has been proven to have strong antioxidant, anti-irritant and cell-protecting activities, and has received increasing attention due to its diverse biological activities and potential applications in cosmetics. The relatively rich branched structure of cactus polysaccharide may be the main structure for its cell-protecting function.

[0004] However, due to the unclear research on the molecular weight distribution and branched structure of cactus polysaccharide at present, its efficacy is greatly affected; moreover, the antioxidant ability, cell repair and other biological activities of cactus extract still need to be further improved.

[0005] In addition, some small-molecule bioactive substances are usually limited in their application in the cosmetics field because they have relatively low solubility and it is difficult to form a stable liquid phase system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a cactus extract with good biological activity. The cactus extract includes cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide ≤ 100000 Da; in terms of molar mass ratio, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide includes 7.86% - 20.96% rhamnose, 20.10% - 45.19% arabinose, 21.94% - 35.69% galactose, 0.5% - 13.46% glucose, 15.93% - 27.81% xylose and 2.02% - 10.84% galacturonic acid.

[0007] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 33.59% - 62.04%.

[0008] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 45% - 60%.

[0009] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the functionalizable end groups on the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include -OH and -COOH.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the terminal residues of the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include arabinose, xylose, and galactose.

[0011] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the arabinose is 12% - 20%.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the xylose is 8% - 15%.

[0013] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the galactose is 8% - 15%.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a cactus extract, comprising: soaking the cactus in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract, and after subjecting the crude cactus extract to enzymatic hydrolysis, adding a decolorizing agent followed by inactivating the enzyme, fine filtration, desalting, membrane separation, and concentration treatments, the cactus extract is obtained.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide an active composition, comprising a cactus extract and a bioactive substance; the molecular weight of the bioactive substance ≤ 1000, the cactus extract comprises cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide ≤ 100000 Da.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 33.59% - 62.04%.

[0017] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 45% - 60%.

[0018] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the functionalizable end groups on the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include -OH and -COOH.

[0019] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the terminal residues of the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include arabinose, xylose, and galactose.

[0020] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the arabinose is 12% - 20%.

[0021] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the xylose is 8% - 15%.

[0022] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of the galactose is 8% - 15%.

[0023] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide includes 7.86% - 20.96% rhamnose, 20.10% - 45.19% arabinose, 21.94% - 35.69% galactose, 0.5% - 13.46% glucose, 15.93% - 27.81% xylose, and 2.02% - 10.84% galacturonic acid.

[0024] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bioactive substances include at least one of flavonoids, phenols, lactones, phenylpropanoids, quinones, phenolic acids, and soluble saccharides.

[0025] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bioactive substances include flavonoids.

[0026] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flavonoids include naringin and / or quercetin.

[0027] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flavonoids include naringin.

[0028] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenols include salidroside and / or tyrosol.

[0029] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenylpropanoids include osthole.

[0030] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lactones include coumaric acid.

[0031] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the quinones include aloe-emodin.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenolic acids include ferulic acid.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the soluble saccharides include trehalose.

[0034] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the active composition further includes polyols.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the polyols include at least one of glycerol, butanediol, and propylene glycol.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the polyols is 0 - 80% of the mass of the active composition.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the polyols is 40% - 60% of the mass of the active composition.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the bioactive substance is greater than or equal to 1% of the mass of the cactus polysaccharide.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the cactus polysaccharide to the bioactive substance is 1:0.01 - 1:200.

[0040] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the content of the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.01 - 10 mg / mL.

[0041] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the cactus extract or the active composition with better bioactivity in the preparation of the cosmetic field.

[0042] Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of an active composition, including: soaking the cactus in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract, subjecting the crude cactus extract to enzymatic hydrolysis, adding a decolorizing agent and then inactivating the enzyme, performing primary fine filtration, desalting, membrane separation and concentration to obtain a cactus extract, wherein the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide contained in the cactus extract is ≤100000 Da;

[0043] Mixing the cactus extract with a bioactive substance having a molecular weight ≤1000, and performing pressure and homogenization treatment, secondary fine filtration, and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

[0044] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, mixing the cactus extract, a bioactive substance having a molecular weight ≤1000 and a polyol, and performing pressure and homogenization treatment, fine filtration, and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

[0045] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the treatment time of the homogenization is 5 - 30 min;

[0046] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure during the pressure treatment is 0.045 - 0.135 MPa;

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the treatment time of the pressure treatment is 10 - 30 min;

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature during the pressure treatment is 110 - 125 °C.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] (1) The cactus extract and the composition of the present invention both have very good bioactivities such as protecting cells, anti-irritation, skin repair, free radical scavenging ability, etc., and can well exert the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, repair and other bioactivities of the active composition.

[0051] (2) The composition of the present invention can well improve the solubility and stability of bioactive substances, and further enhance the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, repair and other biological activities of cactus extract. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0053] Figure 1 It is the infrared spectrum diagram of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 It is the color appearance diagram of the cactus extracts of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention; among them, Figure (a) corresponds to the color appearance diagram of the cactus extract of Example 1, and Figure (b) corresponds to the color appearance diagram of the cactus extract of Comparative Example 3;

[0055] Figure 3 It is the stability appearance diagram of the active composition or naringin aqueous solution provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 7, and Comparative Example 8 of the present invention; among them, Figure (a) corresponds to the stability appearance diagram of the active composition provided in Comparative Example 7, Figure (b) corresponds to the stability appearance diagram of the naringin aqueous solution provided in Comparative Example 8, and Figure (c) corresponds to the stability appearance diagram of the active composition provided in Example 4;

[0056] Figure 4 It is the Congo red test result diagram of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 It is the ABTS radical scavenging test result diagram of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 It is the ABTS radical scavenging test result diagram of the active compositions provided in Example 1, Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 It is the ABTS radical scavenging test result diagram of the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 11, and Comparative Example 12 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 It is the ABTS radical scavenging test result diagram of the active compositions provided in Example 4, Example 15, and Example 16 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 9 Color appearance diagrams of solution systems with different concentrations formed by adding the active composition provided in Example 4 of the present invention to the ABTS solution after 0 h of adding the ABTS solution;

[0062] Figure 10 Color appearance diagrams of solution systems with different concentrations formed by adding the active composition provided in Example 4 of the present invention to the ABTS solution after 5 - 24 h of adding the ABTS solution;

[0063] Figure 11 Fluorescence immunodetection result diagrams for the UVB - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0064] Figure 12 Flow cytometer detection result diagrams for the UVB - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0065] Figure 13 Fluorescence immunodetection result diagrams for the UVB - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0066] Figure 14 Flow cytometer detection result diagrams for the UVB - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0067] Figure 15 ROS fluorescence intensity detection result diagrams for the H2O2 - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0068] Figure 16 MDA content detection result diagrams for the H2O2 - induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group;

[0069] Figure 17ROS fluorescence intensity detection results graphs of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes;

[0070] Figure 18 MDA content detection results graphs of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6, as well as the positive control group, negative control group, and blank control group in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes;

[0071] Figure 19 Test results graphs of the cell scratch assay of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, as well as the blank control group and positive control group;

[0072] Figure 20 Test results graphs of the cell scratch assay of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6, as well as the blank control group and positive control group;

[0073] Figure 21 Test results graphs of the erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition rate of the cactus extracts provided in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 22 Test results graphs of the erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition rate of the cactus extract provided in Example 1 of the present invention, the active compositions provided in Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6; Detailed implementation manners

[0075] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. For those conditions not specified in the embodiments, they shall be carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For the reagents or instruments not specified by the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0076] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a cactus extract is provided. The cactus extract includes cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide is ≤ 100,000 Da; in terms of molar mass ratio, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide includes 7.86% - 20.96% rhamnose, 20.10% - 45.19% arabinose, 21.94% - 35.69% galactose, 0.5% - 13.46% glucose, 15.93% - 27.81% xylose, and 2.02% - 10.84% galacturonic acid.

[0077] Among them, the molar mass ratio of each monosaccharide composition in the cactus polysaccharide can be directly obtained by the current conventional polysaccharide methylation detection method. Specifically, the calculation method of the molar mass ratio of each monosaccharide in the cactus polysaccharide can be as follows: using standard products with different concentrations, taking the concentration of the standard products as the abscissa and the peak area of the standard products as the ordinate to plot a graph to obtain the mathematical relationship (linear, quadratic equation, logarithmic form, etc.) between the target compound and its peak area, calculating the concentration of the corresponding compound in the unknown sample according to the peak area of the corresponding compound in the unknown sample, and then obtaining the molar mass ratio of each monosaccharide composition.

[0078] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 33.59% - 62.04%; preferably, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 45% - 60%; more preferably, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide is 50% - 55%.

[0079] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the end groups that can be functionalized on the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include -OH and -COOH.

[0080] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the terminal residues of the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include arabinose, xylose, and galactose.

[0081] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio of the terminal residue arabinose in the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide is 12% - 20%; preferably, the relative molar ratio is 14% - 15%. Among them, the relative molar amount ratio of the terminal residues in the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide can be directly obtained by the current conventional methylation detection method. The relative molar ratio of each terminal residue in the cactus polysaccharide can be specifically calculated by the following method: the ratio of the chromatographic peak area of the cactus polysaccharide gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) to the molecular weight of the derivative corresponding to each terminal residue therein represents the relative molar amount of the terminal residue, and the ratio of the relative molar amount of each terminal residue to the total relative molar amount of each monosaccharide composition in the cactus polysaccharide gives the relative molar ratio of each terminal residue in the cactus polysaccharide.

[0082] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of xylose, the terminal residue of the cactus polysaccharide molecular chain, is 8%-15%; preferably, the relative molar ratio range is 9%-10%.

[0083] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the relative molar ratio range of galactose, the terminal residue of the cactus polysaccharide molecular chain, is 8%-15%; preferably, the relative molar ratio range is 10%-11%.

[0084] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the content of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.01-10 mg / mL. Preferably, the content of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.1-5 mg / mL.

[0085] The cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract obtained in the present invention has an average molecular weight ≤ 100,000 Da, a higher degree of branching, forming cactus hyperbranched polysaccharide, and having better biological activities in aspects such as antioxidant, anti-irritation, and repair. Moreover, the cactus polysaccharide has a high degree of branching and rich terminal groups, and the relative content of the terminal groups is relatively high. And, as shown in Figure 1 Based on the analysis of infrared spectroscopy, the cactus polysaccharide of the present invention is an acidic polysaccharide rich in uronic acid, and has a very high content of terminal groups that can be functionalized: carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.

[0086] The cactus polysaccharide of the present invention has a richer dendritic and / or comb-like branched structure, and even forms a spherical structure with a rich branched structure, enabling the cactus polysaccharide to have a rich cavity structure. In addition, there are a large number of terminal hydroxyl groups and a relatively high specific surface area in the cactus polysaccharide, showing a tendency to easily bind to cell surface receptors and adsorb bioactive substances.

[0087] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a cactus extract is provided, including: soaking cactus in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract, and after subjecting the crude cactus extract to enzymatic hydrolysis, adding a decolorizing agent, inactivating the enzyme, fine filtration, desalting, membrane separation, and concentration treatments, obtaining the cactus extract.

[0088] The preparation process of the cactus extract of the present invention is simple and can improve the yield of the cactus extract. Among them, the crude cactus extract obtained by soaking cactus in water is the first crude extract.

[0089] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cactus can be Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. stem. Preferably, after the cactus stem is pulverized and passed through a 10-60 mesh sieve to obtain cactus powder, the cactus powder is soaked in an extraction reagent for extraction.

[0090] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to the extraction reagent is 1:10 - 1:50; preferably 1:15 - 1:30; more preferably 1:20.

[0091] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to the extraction reagent can be 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:35, 1:40, 1:45 or 1:50, etc., or can be a ratio between any two of the above values.

[0092] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature during extraction is 50 - 80 °C. Preferably, the temperature during extraction is 60 - 70 °C.

[0093] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature during extraction can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80 °C, etc., or can be a temperature between any two of the above values.

[0094] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time is 1 - 5 h.

[0095] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 h, etc., or can be a time between any two of the above values.

[0096] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis treatment include neutral protease and α-amylase.

[0097] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of neutral protease is 0.02% - 0.5% of the mass of cactus; the dosage of neutral protease is preferably 0.05% - 0.4% of the mass of cactus; its dosage is more preferably 0.1% - 0.3% of the mass of cactus; further preferably 0.2% of the mass of cactus.

[0098] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of neutral protease can be 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45% or 0.5% of the mass of cactus, etc., or can be a dosage between any two of the above values.

[0099] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of α-amylase is 0.01% - 0.5%.

[0100] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of α-amylase is preferably 0.05% - 0.4% of the mass of the first crude extract; its dosage can be further preferably 0.1% - 0.3% of the mass of the first crude extract, and further preferably 0.1% of the mass of the first crude extract.

[0101] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of α-amylase can be 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45% or 0.5% of the mass of the first crude extract, or can be the dosage between any two of the above values.

[0102] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction includes a variable-temperature reaction.

[0103] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of the variable-temperature reaction includes: heating the crude extract of cactus to 40-60°C and extracting for 1-5 h to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolysis product;

[0104] Heating the first enzymatic hydrolysis product to 70-100°C and extracting for 1-5 h to obtain a second enzymatic hydrolysis product. This second enzymatic hydrolysis product is the second crude extract.

[0105] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for heating treatment of the above-mentioned crude extract of cactus can be 40, 45, 50, 55, 60°C, etc., or can be the temperature between any two of the above values.

[0106] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for heating treatment of the crude extract of cactus is preferably 50-60°C.

[0107] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time of the crude extract of cactus can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 h, etc., or can be the time between any two of the above values.

[0108] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time of the crude extract of cactus is preferably 1-2 h.

[0109] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for heating treatment of the first enzymatic hydrolysis product can be 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100°C, etc., or can be the temperature between any two of the above values.

[0110] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time of the first enzymatic hydrolysis product can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 h, etc., or can be the time between any two of the above values.

[0111] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction time of the first enzymatic hydrolysis product is 1-2 h.

[0112] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after adding a decolorizing agent to the second crude extract, enzyme inactivation treatment is carried out. The specific method includes: mixing the second crude extract with the decolorizing agent, heating to 95-100°C and stirring for 0.5 h.

[0113] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the decolorizing agent includes activated carbon, resin or clay; preferably, it includes activated carbon.

[0114] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after adding the decolorizing agent to the second crude extract for enzyme inactivation treatment, the obtained mixed solution is allowed to stand and age for 1-18 h, and the supernatant is taken to obtain the third crude extract.

[0115] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after adding the decolorizing agent to the second crude extract for enzyme inactivation treatment, the obtained mixed solution is allowed to stand and age for 12-16 h.

[0116] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the third crude extract is subjected to fine filtration treatment. The specific treatment method includes: adding diatomaceous earth BS10# to the third crude extract for filtration, and the obtained filtrate is the fourth crude extract.

[0117] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fourth crude extract is subjected to desalting treatment. The specific treatment method includes: passing the fourth crude extract through a cation resin 001*7 and an anion resin D309 to obtain the fifth crude extract.

[0118] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fifth crude extract is subjected to membrane separation treatment.

[0119] Specifically, the method of membrane separation treatment is as follows:

[0120] The fifth crude extract is treated with a filter membrane; wherein, the cut-off amount of the filter membrane is 10 kDa.

[0121] Then, the filtrate obtained after membrane separation is concentrated to obtain the cactus extract. It can be understood that the specific concentration method during the concentration treatment of the filtrate obtained after membrane separation is not specifically limited.

[0122] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the liquid after the fifth crude extract is concentrated is sterilized at 85-90 °C for 40 min to obtain the cactus extract.

[0123] On the one hand, the present invention provides an active composition, including a cactus extract and a bioactive substance; the molecular weight of the bioactive substance ≤ 1000, the cactus extract contains cactus polysaccharide, and the average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide ≤ 100000 Da.

[0124] In the active composition of the present invention, the cactus polysaccharide is an acidic polysaccharide rich in uronic acid, having abundant terminal groups such as carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups that can be functionalized; moreover, the cactus polysaccharide of the present invention has a high degree of branching and abundant terminal sugars, and the relative content of the terminal sugars is relatively high. Among them, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide in the active composition, the types of terminal groups that can be functionalized on its molecular chain, the types of terminal residues of its molecular chain, and the range of relative molar ratios of each terminal residue, etc., will not be elaborated here.

[0125] Due to the cactus polysaccharide in the active composition having a more abundant dendritic and / or comb-like branched structure, and even forming a spherical structure with a rich branched structure, the cactus polysaccharide can have a rich cavity structure; moreover, the cactus polysaccharide of the present invention has abundant terminal groups that can be functionalized, making the cactus polysaccharide more likely to bind to cell surface receptors and adsorb bioactive molecules, enabling the bioactive substances to be adsorbed within the cavity structure formed by the branched structure of the cactus polysaccharide or adsorbed at the ends of the branched structure of the cactus polysaccharide, forming a stable active composition with the bioactive substances, which has very good biological activities such as protecting cells, anti-irritation, skin repair, and free radical scavenging ability, so as to better exert the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, repair and other effects of the active composition.

[0126] At the same time, the rich branched and cavity structures of the cactus make it easier to adsorb bioactive substances, and the dissolution stability of the active composition formed by the bioactive substances and the cactus polysaccharide in the solution is greatly improved, further enhancing the biological activity of the active composition.

[0127] In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide includes rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and galacturonic acid. Preferably, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide contains 7.86%-20.96% of rhamnose, 20.10%-45.19% of arabinose, 21.94%-35.69% of galactose, 0.5%-13.46% of glucose, 15.93%-27.81% of xylose, and 2.02%-10.84% of galacturonic acid.

[0128] Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and galacturonic acid are all monosaccharides or uronic acid substances containing a large number of -OH terminal groups. Moreover, in the cactus polysaccharide of the active composition of the present invention, there is a considerable content of galacturonic acid, providing more abundant -OH and -COOH terminal groups, enhancing the biological activity of the cactus polysaccharide, being conducive to forming a more stable active composition, and better exerting biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and repair.

[0129] Meanwhile, from the types of terminal residues of cactus polysaccharide and their relative molar ratios, as well as the molar mass ratios of monosaccharides in cactus polysaccharide, it can be seen that arabinose, xylose, and galactose in cactus polysaccharide are mostly located at the ends of the molecular chains of cactus polysaccharide. This is more conducive to enhancing the adsorption of cactus polysaccharide to bioactive substances, avoiding the substitution / alteration of functional groups of bioactive substances, and being beneficial to further enhancing the biological activity of the active composition.

[0130] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bioactive substance includes at least one of flavonoids, phenols, lactones, phenylpropanoids, quinones, phenolic acids, and soluble saccharides.

[0131] Flavonoids, phenols, lactones, phenylpropanoids, quinones, phenolic acids, and soluble saccharides all have good biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and repair. However, due to the influence of factors such as solubility, pH, oxygen, and temperature, these bioactive substances are easily oxidized or their properties are easily changed, and their efficacy cannot be effectively exerted, especially their application in the cosmetic field is greatly limited.

[0132] The active composition of the present invention forms a composition with a cactus extract having the above properties and a bioactive substance, which can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of various bioactive substances, improve their stability and solubility, and give full play to their biological activity.

[0133] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flavonoids include: naringin and / or quercetin.

[0134] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flavonoids include naringin.

[0135] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenols include: salidroside and / or tyrosol.

[0136] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenylpropanoids include: osthole.

[0137] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the quinones include: aloe-emodin.

[0138] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lactones include: coumaric acid.

[0139] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phenolic acids include ferulic acid.

[0140] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the soluble saccharides include trehalose.

[0141] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the bioactive substances include naringin, quercetin, salidroside, trehalose, coumaric acid, osthole, aloe-emodin, tyrosol, ferulic acid, etc. It can be one of the above substances, or a combination of any two or more of them.

[0142] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the active composition further includes polyols. Preferably, the polyol can be at least one of glycerol, butanediol, and propylene glycol. The addition of polyols can further enhance the stability of the active composition.

[0143] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass of the polyol is 0-80% of the mass of the active composition. It can be understood that polyols may not be added to the active composition. Preferably, polyols are added to the active composition.

[0144] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass of the polyol is 40%-60% of the mass of the active composition.

[0145] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass of the polyol can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% etc. of the mass of the active composition, or the mass ratio between any two of the above values.

[0146] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the content of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.01-10 mg / mL. Preferably, the content of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.1-5 mg / mL.

[0147] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, in the active composition, the mass of the bioactive substance is greater than or equal to 1% of the mass of the cactus polysaccharide.

[0148] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, in the active composition, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to bioactive substance is 1:0.01-1:200.

[0149] In the specific embodiments of the invention, in the active composition, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to bioactive substance is 1:0.1-1:150.

[0150] In the specific embodiments of the invention, in the active composition, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to bioactive substance is 1:0.1-1:125.

[0151] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, when the bioactive substance includes naringin, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to naringin is 1:0.01-1:30; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:10-1:25; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:20.

[0152] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is quercetin, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to quercetin is 1:0.01 - 1:10; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.1 - 1:5, and more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:1.

[0153] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is salidroside, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to salidroside is 1:1 - 1:100; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:10 - 1:50; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:15 - 1:35; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:20.

[0154] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is trehalose, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to trehalose is 1:1 - 1:200; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:50 - 1:150; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:100 - 1:140; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:125.

[0155] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is coumaric acid, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to coumaric acid is 1:0.1 - 1:10; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:1 - 1:6; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:4.

[0156] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is osthole, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to osthole is 1:0.01 - 1:1; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.01 - 1:0.1; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.02.

[0157] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is aloe-emodin, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to aloe-emodin is 1:0.01 - 1:10; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.1 - 1:5; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:2.

[0158] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is tyrosol, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to tyrosol is 1:0.01 - 1:10; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.1 - 1:5; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:0.2.

[0159] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the bioactive substance is ferulic acid, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to ferulic acid is 1:0.1 - 1:10; preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:1 - 1:5; more preferably, the above mass ratio is 1:2.

[0160] When cactus polysaccharide forms an active composition with different bioactive substances, the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to the bioactive substance is maintained within a corresponding range, which is more conducive to the stability of the formed active composition and the expression of its efficacy.

[0161] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the active composition formed by cactus extract, bioactive substance, and / or polyol is applied in the preparation of cosmetics. Specifically, the above-mentioned active composition can be applied to the preparation of lotion, cream, shampoo / hair conditioner, body wash, facial cleansing product, etc.

[0162] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an active composition is provided, which includes: soaking cactus in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract, subjecting the crude cactus extract to enzymatic hydrolysis, adding a decolorizing agent and then inactivating the enzyme, primary fine filtration, desalting, membrane separation and concentration treatment to obtain a cactus extract, and the molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide contained in the cactus extract ≤ 100000 Da;

[0163] Mixing the cactus extract with a bioactive substance having a molecular weight ≤ 1000, performing pressure and homogenization treatment, secondary fine filtration, and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

[0164] The cactus polysaccharide in the active composition prepared by the method of the present invention has a rich dendritic and / or comb-like branched structure, and even forms a spherical structure with a rich branched structure, so that the cactus polysaccharide can have a rich cavity structure; moreover, the cactus polysaccharide of the present invention has rich functionalizable end groups, making the cactus polysaccharide and the active composition formed thereby more easily bind to cell surface receptors and adsorb bioactive molecules, and better exert the biological activities of the active composition such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and repair.

[0165] Among them, in the preparation method of the composition, the method for treating cactus to obtain cactus extract is the same as the aforementioned preparation method of cactus extract, and will not be elaborated here. It can be understood that in the preparation of the active composition, the preparation process is continuous. Therefore, the sterilization treatment of the cactus extract can be omitted in the preparation stage, and then carried out at the corresponding stage after mixing with the bioactive substance.

[0166] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, mixing the cactus extract containing cactus polysaccharide with a molecular weight ≤ 100000 Da and a bioactive substance with a molecular weight ≤ 1000, and performing pressure and homogenization treatment, secondary fine filtration, and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

[0167] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the homogenization time is 5 - 30 min.

[0168] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the homogenization time can be 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 min, etc., or the time between any two of the above values.

[0169] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the pressure treatment is 0.045 - 0.135 MPa.

[0170] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure magnitude of the pressure treatment can be 0.045, 0.1 or 0.135 MPa, etc., or the pressure magnitude between any two of the above values.

[0171] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature during the pressure treatment is 110 - 125 °C.

[0172] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature during homogenization can be 110, 115 or 125 °C, etc., or the temperature between any two of the above values. It can be understood that the rotation speed during homogenization can be adjusted accordingly according to the actual equipment used, and usually its rotation speed range is 1000 - 6000 r / min.

[0173] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the time of the pressure treatment is 10 - 30 min.

[0174] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the time of the pressure treatment can be 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 min, etc., or the time between any two of the above values.

[0175] Among them, when carrying out the pressure and homogenization treatments on cactus polysaccharide and bioactive substances, the order of pressure and homogenization can be not limited, and it is preferably to carry out homogenization first and then pressure treatment.

[0176] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the composition obtained after homogenization is cooled to below 35 °C, and a secondary fine filtration treatment is carried out using a filtration device. The filtration device can use cardboard with a pore size less than 0.5 μm.

[0177] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the composition obtained after the secondary fine filtration treatment is sterilized at 85 - 90 °C for 30 - 60 min, and then the active composition of the present invention is obtained. It can be understood that in the sterilization stage, it can be selected to add or not add preservatives according to requirements. Among them, the preservatives are common substance types in the cosmetics field, and can be added according to the requirements of relevant national or industry specifications.

[0178] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cactus extract, bioactive substances with a molecular weight ≤ 1000 and polyol are mixed, and then through pressure and homogenization, fine filtration and sterilization treatments, an active composition is obtained.

[0179] The active composition prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has high stability of the combination of cactus polysaccharide and bioactive substances and excellent bioactivity.

[0180] It can be understood that when preparing the active composition, the mass ratio of the cactus extract to the bioactive substance is the same as that in the aforementioned active composition, which will not be elaborated here.

[0181] The following is a further specific description with specific examples.

[0182] Example 1

[0183] The following method was used to prepare the cactus extract:

[0184] 1) Extraction: Weigh the cactus stem powder and add it to pure water according to the solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of 1:20; heat to 50 - 55 °C and stir for extraction for 2 h to obtain the crude cactus extract, which is the first crude extract.

[0185] 2) Enzymolysis: Add neutral protease and α-amylase to the first crude extract, stir and react at 52 ± 2 °C for 1 h, then heat to 82 ± 2 °C and react for 1 h to obtain the second crude extract; among them, the mass of neutral protease accounts for 0.2% of the mass of the cactus powder, and the mass of α-amylase accounts for 0.1% of the mass of the first crude extract.

[0186] 3) Enzyme inactivation after adding the decolorizing agent: Add activated carbon to the second crude extract, heat to 95 - 100 °C, heat and stir for 30 min, start timing when the temperature reaches 95 °C; after completion, turn off the stirring, let it stand and age for 16 h, and take the supernatant to obtain the third crude extract; among them, the mass of activated carbon is 1.5% of the mass of the second crude extract.

[0187] 4) Primary fine filtration: Add diatomaceous earth BS10# to the third crude extract for filtration, and the obtained fine filtrate is the fourth crude extract.

[0188] 5) Desalting: Make the fourth crude extract pass through cation resin 001*7 and anion resin D309 respectively to obtain the fifth crude extract.

[0189] 6) Membrane separation: The fifth crude extract is separated by a 10WDa filter membrane, and the molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide in the obtained filtrate ≤ 100000 Da.

[0190] 7) Concentration: Concentrate the filtrate in 6) to obtain a concentrated solution with a mass of 1 / 3 of the mass of the aforementioned filtrate.

[0191] 8) Sterilization: Sterilize the concentrated solution in step 7) at 85 - 90 °C for 40 min, and after cooling, mix well to obtain the cactus extract.

[0192] Example 2-3

[0193] The cactus extract was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, and the differences are shown in Table 1 below.

[0194] Table 1 Preparation condition parameters in Examples 1-3

[0195]

[0196] For the content and yield of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extracts prepared in Examples 1-3, please refer to Table 2 below.

[0197] Table 2 Content and yield of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extracts prepared in Examples 1-3

[0198] Cactus polysaccharide content (mg / mL) Yield rate (%) Example 1 1.10 49 Example 2 0.73 32 Example 3 0.52 23

[0199] Example 4

[0200] The active composition was prepared by the following method:

[0201] 1) Extraction: Weigh the cactus stem powder and add it to pure water according to the solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of 1:20; heat to 50-55 °C and stir for extraction for 2 h to obtain the cactus crude extract, which is the first crude extract;

[0202] 2) Enzymolysis: Add neutral protease and α-amylase to the first crude extract, stir and react at 52±2 °C for 1 h, then heat to 82±2 °C and react for 1 h to obtain the second crude extract; among them, the mass of neutral protease accounts for 0.2% of the mass of cactus powder, and the mass of α-amylase accounts for 0.1% of the mass of the first crude extract;

[0203] 3) Inactivating enzymes after adding the decolorizing agent: Add activated carbon to the second crude extract, heat to 95-100 °C, heat and stir for 30 min, start timing when the temperature reaches 95 °C; after completion, turn off the stirring, let it stand and age for 16 h, take the supernatant to obtain the third crude extract; among them, the mass of activated carbon is 1.5% of the mass of the second crude extract;

[0204] 4) Primary fine filtration: Add diatomite BS10# to the third crude extract for filtration, and the obtained fine filtrate is the fourth crude extract;

[0205] 5) Desalting: Make the fourth crude extract pass through the cation resin 001*7 and the anion resin D309 respectively to obtain the fifth crude extract;

[0206] 6) Membrane separation: The fifth crude extract was separated by a 10 kDa filter membrane, and the molecular weight of cactus polysaccharide in the obtained filtrate ≤100,000 Da;

[0207] 7) Concentration: Concentrate the filtrate in 6) to obtain a concentrated solution with a mass of 1 / 5 of the mass of the aforementioned filtrate, which is the cactus extract;

[0208] 8) Pressurization and homogenization: Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance, and polyol, and process for 10 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 2000 r / min; maintain for 20 min at 110 °C and 0.0045 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is naringin; the polyol is glycerol;

[0209] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to naringin in the cactus extract is 1:2;

[0210] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1;

[0211] 9) Secondary fine filtration: Cool the composition obtained in step 8) to 35 °C and filter using cardboard with a pore size less than 0.5 μm;

[0212] 10) Sterilization: Sterilize the filtrate obtained in step 8) at 85 - 90 °C for 40 min to obtain the active composition.

[0213] Example 5

[0214] Prepare the active composition using the same method as in Example 4, with the only difference being:

[0215] 1) The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 4:1.

[0216] Example 6

[0217] Prepare the active composition using the same method as in Example 4, with the only difference being: Replace glycerol with butanediol.

[0218] Example 7

[0219] Prepare the active composition using the same method as in Example 4, with the only difference being:

[0220] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated solution is 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0221] 2) Step 8) Pressurization and homogenization: Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance, and polyol, and process for 5 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 1000 r / min; maintain for 10 min at 110 °C and 0.045 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is trehalose; the polyol is glycerol;

[0222] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to trehalose in the cactus extract is 1:125;

[0223] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 2:1.

[0224] Example 8

[0225] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0226] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid was 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0227] 2) Pressurization and homogenization in step 8): Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance and polyol, and treat for 5 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 1000 r / min; maintain for 10 min at 115 °C and 0.07 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is salidroside; the polyol is glycerol;

[0228] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to salidroside in the cactus extract was 1:20;

[0229] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol was 1:1.

[0230] Example 9

[0231] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0232] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid was 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0233] 2) Pressurization and homogenization in step 8): Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance and polyol, and treat for 20 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 3000 r / min; maintain for 20 min at 120 °C and 0.1 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is quercetin; the polyol is glycerol;

[0234] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to quercetin in the cactus extract was 1:1;

[0235] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol was 1:1.

[0236] Example 10

[0237] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0238] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid was 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0239] 2) Pressurization and homogenization in step 8): Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance and polyol, and treat for 20 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 2000 r / min; maintain for 10 min at 110 °C and 0.045 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is coumaric acid; the polyol is glycerol;

[0240] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to coumaric acid in the cactus extract is 1:4;

[0241] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1.

[0242] Example 11

[0243] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0244] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid is 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0245] 2) Pressurization and homogenization in step 8): Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance and polyol, and treat under the condition of a homogenization speed of 5000 r / min for 30 min; Keep for 30 min at 125 °C and 0.135 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is osthole; The polyol is glycerol;

[0246] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to osthole in the cactus extract is 1:0.02;

[0247] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1.

[0248] Example 12

[0249] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0250] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid is 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0251] 2) Pressurization and homogenization in step 8): Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance and polyol, and treat under the condition of a homogenization speed of 1000 r / min for 5 min; Keep for 10 min at 110 °C and 0.045 MPa, wherein the bioactive substance is aloe-emodin; The polyol is glycerol;

[0252] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to aloe-emodin in the cactus extract is 1:2;

[0253] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1.

[0254] Example 13

[0255] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0256] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated liquid is 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0257] 2) Step 8) Pressurization and Homogenization: Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance, and polyol, and process for 25 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 4000 r / min; maintain for 25 min at 120 °C and 0.1 MPa, where the bioactive substance is tyrosol; the polyol is glycerol;

[0258] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to tyrosol in the cactus extract is 1:0.2;

[0259] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1.

[0260] Example 14

[0261] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0262] 1) In step 7), the mass of the concentrated solution is 1 / 3 of the mass of the filtrate;

[0263] 2) Step 8) Pressurization and Homogenization: Mix the cactus extract, bioactive substance, and polyol, and process for 10 min under the condition of a homogenization speed of 3000 r / min; maintain for 25 min at 115 °C and 0.07 MPa, where the bioactive substance is ferulic acid; the polyol is glycerol;

[0264] The mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to ferulic acid in the cactus extract is 1:2;

[0265] The mass ratio of the cactus extract to glycerol is 1:1.

[0266] Example 15

[0267] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to naringin is 1:0.02.

[0268] Example 16

[0269] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that the mass ratio of cactus polysaccharide to naringin is 1:20.

[0270] Comparative Example 1

[0271] The cactus extract was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that:

[0272] 1) The molecular weight of cactus polysaccharide in the obtained cactus extract > 100 kDa.

[0273] Comparative Example 2

[0274] The cactus extract was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that:

[0275] 1) The fifth crude extract was not subjected to the membrane separation treatment in step 6) of Example 1.

[0276] Comparative Example 3

[0277] The cactus extract was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that:

[0278] 1) Activated carbon was not added in step 3) of Example 1.

[0279] It can be seen from Figure 2 that the color of the cactus extract treated with activated carbon is much lighter than that of the cactus extract not treated with activated carbon, and the liquid is also clearer.

[0280] Comparative Example 4

[0281] The cactus extract was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that:

[0282] 1) The desalting treatment in step 5) of Example 1 was not carried out.

[0283] The conductivity of the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 and the cactus extract prepared by the method of Comparative Example 4 is shown in Table 3 in detail. It can be seen from the conductivity data in Table 3 that the desalting treatment can effectively reduce the conductivity of the cactus extract and improve the skin feel comfort.

[0284] Table 3 Changes in conductivity before and after desalting

[0285]

[0286] Comparative Example 5

[0287] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0288] 1) The membrane separation treatment in step 6) of Example 4 was not carried out on the cactus crude extract.

[0289] Comparative Example 6

[0290] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0291] 1) The average molecular weight of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract > 100 kDa.

[0292] Comparative Example 7

[0293] The active composition was prepared by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0294] 1) In step 8) of Example 4, mix the cactus extract and naringin without adding glycerol;

[0295] 2) After mixing the cactus polysaccharide and naringin, no pressing and homogenization treatment was carried out.

[0296] Comparative Example 8

[0297] Mix naringin powder with water to obtain an aqueous naringin solution, and the mass concentration of naringin in the aqueous naringin solution is the same as that of naringin in the active composition of Example 4.

[0298] The active composition prepared according to the method in Comparative Example 7, the aqueous naringin solution obtained according to Comparative Example 8, and the active composition prepared according to the method of Example 4, after 24 hours, the stability states of the three are shown in Figure 3 Figures (a), (b), and (c) therein. The stability of the active composition containing cactus extract, naringin, and glycerol is significantly better than that of the aqueous naringin solution and the active composition without pressing and homogenization treatment and without glycerol.

[0299] Comparative Example 9

[0300] Prepare cactus extract by the same method as in Example 1, except that:

[0301] 1) In step 3) of Example 1, no static aging treatment is carried out.

[0302] Comparative Example 10

[0303] Mix trehalose with water to obtain an aqueous trehalose solution, and the mass concentration of trehalose in the aqueous trehalose solution is the same as that of trehalose in the active composition of Example 4. Generally speaking, the erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition rate needs to reach 10% to be considered as having a soothing effect, while the erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition rate of the obtained aqueous trehalose solution in this comparative example is 2%, indicating that the aqueous trehalose solution with the same mass concentration containing only trehalose has no soothing effect.

[0304] Comparative Example 11

[0305] Prepare the active composition by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0306] 1) When performing pressing and homogenization treatment in step 8) of Example 4, it is not treated at a homogenization speed of 2000 r / min for 10 min.

[0307] Comparative Example 12

[0308] Prepare the active composition by the same method as in Example 4, except that:

[0309] 1) When performing the pressurization and homogenization treatment in step 8) of Example 4, it was not maintained at 110°C and 0.09 MPa for 20 min.

[0310] Experimental Example 1 Structural Analysis of Opuntia Polysaccharide

[0311] The following are the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrum, and methylation results of the Opuntia polysaccharide prepared by the method of Example 1.

[0312] 1.1 For the molecular weight and its proportion of the Opuntia polysaccharide prepared by the method of Example 1 and the Opuntia polysaccharide prepared by the method of Comparative Example 1, please refer to Table 4.

[0313] Table 4 Molecular Weight Distribution of Opuntia Polysaccharide

[0314]

[0315] 1.2 For the monosaccharide types, mass percentage, and molar mass ratio data of each monosaccharide of the Opuntia polysaccharide prepared by the method of Example 1 and the Opuntia polysaccharide prepared by the method of Comparative Example 1, please refer to Table 5. The content of galacturonic acid in the Opuntia polysaccharide in the Opuntia extract obtained by membrane separation treatment in Example 1 is relatively higher, and the proportion of functionalizable groups at the end is relatively higher.

[0316] Table 5 Monosaccharide Composition of Opuntia Polysaccharide

[0317]

[0318] 1.3 Infrared spectrum diagram and analysis of the Opuntia extract prepared by the method of Example 1. Please refer to the infrared spectrum diagram Figure 1 .

[0319] It can be seen from Figure 1 that:

[0320] ① The strong and broad absorption peak at 3400 cm -1 is caused by the O-H stretching vibration of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds;

[0321] ② The absorption peaks near 1607 cm -1 are respectively attributed to the symmetric stretching vibration and asymmetric stretching vibration of the carboxyl group (-COOH) C=O, indicating that there may be uronic acid in the main chain of the polysaccharide, suggesting that the Opuntia polysaccharide is an acidic polysaccharide;

[0322] ③ The C=C stretching vibration peak is at 1420 cm -1 ;

[0323] ④ The absorption peak at 1252 cm -1 is caused by the C-O stretching vibration;

[0324] ⑤1080, 609 cm -1 are characteristic absorption peaks of pyranose.

[0325] Based on the infrared spectrum analysis, the cactus polysaccharide prepared by the method of Example 1 is an acidic polysaccharide rich in uronic acid, and carboxyl and hydroxyl groups can serve as functional groups of the cactus polysaccharide, enabling the cactus extract to bind more stably with bioactive substances to form an active composition with stable properties. In addition, the relative proportion of functionalizable groups in the active composition is higher, which is more conducive to protecting the functional groups of bioactive substances, making the biological activity of the formed active composition better.

[0326] 1.4 For the methylation results of the cactus polysaccharide prepared by the method of Example 1, please refer to Table 6.

[0327] Table 6 Methylation detection results of cactus polysaccharide

[0328]

[0329] From the data of the types and relative proportions of monosaccharides in the main chain, branched chain or terminal in Table 6, according to the calculation formula of the degree of branching, the degree of branching of the cactus polysaccharide obtained in Example 1 is 53.22%. It can be seen that the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 has a very high degree of branching, further indicating that the active composition of the present invention has excellent stability and biological activity.

[0330] Among them, the calculation formula of the degree of branching of cactus polysaccharide is as follows:

[0331]

[0332] Among them, DOB is the degree of branching, N T is the relative molar ratio of terminal residues, N L is the relative molar ratio of monosaccharides in the main chain, N B is the relative molar ratio of monosaccharides in the branched chain. Among them, the relative molar ratios of each terminal residue and monosaccharide are the ratios of the relative molar amounts of the corresponding terminal residues and monosaccharides to the total relative molar amount of each monosaccharide in the cactus polysaccharide.

[0333] 1.5 For the Congo red test results of the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1, please refer to Figure 4 .

[0334] In the range of sodium hydroxide solution concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 M, the maximum absorption wavelength of congo red continuously decreases, while the maximum absorption wavelength of the complex of cactus extract and congo red shows a trend of first increasing and then remaining unchanged. The maximum absorption wavelength of the complex of cactus extract and congo red in distilled water does not change significantly compared with the control group, indicating that the cactus extract lacks a triple helix conformation in aqueous solution. The maximum absorption wavelength of the complex of cactus extract and congo red does not show a downward trend in high-concentration sodium hydroxide solution and basically remains unchanged, which may be related to the relatively high molecular weight and hyperbranched structure of the cactus extract. The red shift of the complex of cactus extract and congo red indicates that the cactus extract has another special conformation, such as a spherical chain conformation or a random coil chain conformation, etc. These conformations are relatively stable and will not be destroyed by high-concentration sodium hydroxide solution.

[0335] Based on the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrogram, methylation detection and the experimental results of congo red, it can be known that the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 is a hyperbranched polysaccharide with a rich branched-chain structure, forming a spherical chain conformation or a random coil chain conformation, which makes the cactus polysaccharide have a high specific surface area, higher biological activity and stronger binding ability with bioactive substances.

[0336] Experimental Example 2 ABTS Free Radical Scavenging Test

[0337] 2.1 Test Method

[0338] Mix 5 mL of 7 mmol / L 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (abbreviated as ABTS) and 88 μL of 140 mmol / L potassium persulfate solution, and let it stand for 12 - 16 h under dark conditions at room temperature to form an ABTS free radical stock solution. Dilute the ABTS stock solution with 50% ethanol to make its absorbance at 734 nm be 0.8. According to the reaction system in Table 7, with three parallels in each group, add the test samples and ABTS solution, mix well and react for 2 h, and measure its absorbance value at 734 nm.

[0339] Among them, the test samples are respectively cactus extracts prepared by the methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2; active compositions prepared by the method of Example 1, and by the methods of Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6; active compositions prepared by the methods of Example 4, Comparative Example 11, and Comparative Example 12; and active compositions prepared by the methods of Example 4, Example 15, and Example 16. The detection results are respectively referred to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8。The test samples of the sample group were calculated according to the mass concentration of cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract obtained in each example or comparative example, or were set at four concentrations of 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% respectively based on the mass concentration of the active composition obtained in each example or comparative example, and the free radical scavenging rate test was carried out according to the above reaction system.

[0340] Table 7 Reaction system

[0341]

[0342] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0343]

[0344] In the formula, A is the absorbance value of the mixed solution of ABTS and the test sample, B is the absorbance value of the mixed solution of 50% ethanol and ABTS solution, and C is the absorbance value of the mixed solution of 50% ethanol and the sample.

[0345] 2.2 Experimental results

[0346] For the comparison results of the free radical scavenging rate data of the ABTS free radical scavenging test, please refer to Figures 5 - 8 。Compared with the cactus extract with a molecular weight greater than 100000 Da and the cactus extract obtained without membrane separation, the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 has better ability to scavenge ABTS free radicals.

[0347] At the same time, the active composition prepared by the method of Example 4 has stronger antioxidant activity. Especially at low concentration, the free radical scavenging ability of the active composition is significantly higher than that of the cactus extract without adding naringin, and is much better than the free radical scavenging ability of the active compositions obtained in Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6, that is, the cactus extract obtained without membrane separation and the cactus extract with a cactus polysaccharide molecular weight greater than 100000 Da. The free radical scavenging performance of the compositions formed by them with naringin is much lower than the free radical scavenging ability of the active composition prepared by the method of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0348] In addition, referring to Figure 7 As shown, when preparing the active composition, the free radical scavenging ability of the active composition obtained by only pressurizing treatment or only homogenizing treatment is also significantly weaker than that of the active composition obtained by pressurizing and homogenizing treatment.

[0349] Referring to Figure 8 As shown, when the bioactive substance is naringin, the active compositions obtained under different mass ratios of cactus polysaccharide and naringin all have strong free radical scavenging ability.

[0350] In addition, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 , after adding the ABTS solution to the active compositions prepared by the method of Example 4 from left to right in Figure 9 , when the concentrations of the active compositions are 0.625%, 1.25% and 2.5% respectively, they appear blue at 0 h after adding the ABTS solution. Figure 10 From left to right in Figure 9 , after adding the ABTS solution to the active compositions prepared by the method of Example 4 for 5 - 24 h, each product appears colorless. This indicates that naringin endows the cactus polysaccharide with a long - acting antioxidant effect.

[0351] Experimental Example 3 UVB - induced oxidative damage test on keratinocytes

[0352] 3.1 Test method

[0353] Digest the keratinocytes (HaCaT) in the logarithmic growth phase, inoculate them into a 12 - well plate, and incubate them in an incubator at 37℃ and 5% CO2 for 18 - 24 h. Prepare the test samples into the required concentrations. The blank control group (abbreviated as BC) and the negative control group (abbreviated as NC) are both added with complete cell medium, the positive control group (abbreviated as PC) is added with complete cell medium containing 0.002% vitamin C, and the test sample group is added with complete cell medium containing the corresponding concentration of the test sample. Then continue to culture them in an incubator at 37℃ and 5% CO2 for 18 - 24 h, with 3 replicates in each group. Among them, the test samples in the test sample group are respectively: a mixture of cactus extract and cell medium prepared by the methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, with the mass concentration of the cactus extract being 0.05%; and a mixture of the active composition prepared by the methods of Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6 and cell medium, with the mass concentration of the active composition being 0.05%.

[0354] Remove the medium, wash with phosphate - buffered saline (abbreviated as PBS), place the light - irradiated plate under UVB conditions and irradiate for 70 - 80 min until the dose reaches 90 mJ. After reaching the irradiation dose, replace the supernatant in the wells of all groups with serum - free basal medium, continue to culture for 18 - 24 h, wash 3 times with PBS, then add 500 μL of DCFH - DA (2,7 - dichlorofluorescein diacetate, a ROS probe in cells) working solution to each well, and incubate for 30 min in a laminar flow hood. Discard the cell staining solution, wash once with PBS, read the fluorescence intensity value with a flow cytometer, and observe and take pictures with a fluorescence microscope at the same time. Among them, the BC group is not irradiated under UVB conditions.

[0355] 3.2 Experimental results

[0356] Figure 11 and Figure 13 are the results of fluorescence immunoassay, Figure 12 and Figure 14 are the results of flow cytometry. It can be seen from Figures 11 - 14 that at the same concentration, the active composition prepared by the method of Example 4 has the strongest anti-photooxidation effect, followed by the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1, and is significantly better than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Thus, it can be seen that the active composition formed by adding naringin to the cactus extract can more significantly improve the antioxidant efficacy.

[0357] Experimental Example 4 H2O2-induced oxidative damage test of keratinocytes

[0358] 4.1 Test method

[0359] HaCaT cells were seeded into 24-well plates, with 2×10 5 cells per well. After seeding, the culture plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 h. Each test sample in the test sample group was formulated into the required concentration. The blank control group (abbreviated as BC) was serum-free DMEM medium, and the positive control group (abbreviated as PC) was serum-free DMEM medium supplemented with 0.1 mg / mL Vc. There were 3 replicate wells in each group, and the cells were further cultured in an incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 18 - 24 h.

[0360] The culture medium was removed, and after washing with PBS, except for the blank control group, 3 mM H2O2 solution was added to the test sample group, positive control group, and negative control group, and the cells were further cultured for 18 - 24 h. Among them, the test samples were: the mixed solutions prepared by mixing the cactus extracts prepared by the methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 with cell culture medium, with the mass concentration of cactus polysaccharide being 0.05%; the mixed solutions prepared by mixing the active compositions prepared by the methods of Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6 with cell culture medium, with the mass concentration of the active composition being 0.05%.

[0361] Detection of reactive oxygen species (abbreviated as ROS) fluorescence intensity: The supernatant of the above 24-well plates was replaced with serum-free basal medium, and the cells were further cultured for 18 - 24 h, washed 3 times with PBS, then 500 μL of DCFH-DA working solution was added to each well, and the cells were incubated in a laminar flow hood for 30 min. The culture medium was removed, the cells were washed with PBS, and the cell suspension was collected in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 1000 rpm / min for 5 min, and the centrifugation was repeated 3 times. Finally, the cells were resuspended with 1 mL of PBS, and the FITC fluorescence intensity was detected using a Countstar fully automatic cell fluorescence analyzer.

[0362] Malondialdehyde (abbreviated as MDA) detection: Add 200 μL of RIPA lysis buffer to the cells in the above 24-well plate, place on ice for 30 min, collect the liquid in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube after sufficient lysis, centrifuge at 10,000 g for 15 min at 4 °C, and collect the supernatant to obtain the protein sample of the cells; Use a BCA protein content kit to detect the protein content of the sample for the calculation of MDA. The MDA detection can be carried out according to the instructions in the kit, and the detection is carried out at 532 nm and 600 nm respectively.

[0363] 4.2 Experimental results

[0364] Figure 15 , Figure 17 is the detection result of ROS fluorescence intensity. Figure 16 , Figure 18 is the detection result of MDA content. As can be seen from Figures 15 - 18 , at the same concentration, the antioxidant effect of the active composition prepared by the method of Example 4 is the best, followed by the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1, which is consistent with the results of the above anti-photooxidative damage test.

[0365] Experimental Example 5 Cell scratch assay

[0366] 5.1 Test method

[0367] Seed HaCaT cells into a 96-well culture plate (coring) pre-coated with collagen, and then place it in an incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2 overnight. Use a 96-well to create a uniform, 700 - 800 μm wide wound in the cell monolayer. After injury, remove the culture medium and wash away the detached cells and debris by PBS solution.

[0368] Add the test sample group and the positive control group to the culture medium (100 μL / well) respectively. 10 ng / mL of epidermal growth factor (abbreviated as EGF) is used as the positive control group. Conduct three experiments for each test sample. Place the cell plate into a live cell analysis system, and scan after heating at 37 °C for 30 min. Observe the wound healing of HaCaT cells online, and quantitatively analyze the wound healing with Incucyte software. Among them, the test samples are: a mixed solution prepared by mixing the cactus extracts prepared by the methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 with cell culture medium, where the mass concentration of cactus polysaccharide is 0.1%; a mixed solution prepared by mixing the active compositions prepared by the methods of Example 4, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6 with cell culture medium, where the mass concentration of the active composition is 0.1%.

[0369] 5.2 Experimental results

[0370] From Figure 19 and Figure 20 it can be seen that through the cell scratch test, it is found that the active composition prepared by the method of Example 4 has an equivalent efficacy in promoting skin repair to that of 10 ng / mL EGF. Moreover, the skin repair efficacy of the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 is also significantly better than that of the cactus extracts prepared by the methods of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Thus, it can be seen that the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract prepared by the method of Example 1 has a strong skin repair effect, and the active composition formed by it and naringin has a synergistic effect, which can further enhance the skin repair efficacy.

[0371] Experimental Example 6 Anti-irritation Test

[0372] 6.1 Test Method

[0373] Sodium dodecyl sulfate (abbreviated as SDS) is an anionic surfactant. After acting on the skin, it will damage the skin barrier function and cause skin irritation. When SDS acts on red blood cells (abbreviated as RBC), it can cause changes in the permeability of the red blood cell membrane, resulting in the exudation of hemoglobin and causing hemolysis of red blood cells. Through preliminary experiments, the red blood cell density and the amount of SDS added were adjusted so that the red blood cell hemolysis rate in the negative control group was between 60% and 90%. Take centrifuge tubes, and according to the reaction system shown in Table 8, add the test sample, PBS, RBC suspension, and SDS respectively, and mix evenly. The final concentration of the sample system is the test concentration; place it on a shaker, centrifuge after incubating for 10 min, observe the phenomenon, and take the supernatant to measure the optical density OD530.

[0374] Table 8 Reaction System

[0375]

[0376] Note: In the table, “+” represents “added”, “-” represents “not added”, and the test sample in the model control is deionized water.

[0377] Red blood cell hemolysis rate calculation formula:

[0378]

[0379] Red blood cell hemolysis inhibition rate calculation formula:

[0380]

[0381] 6.2 Experimental Results

[0382] See Figure 21 and Figure 22As shown, according to the erythrocyte hemolysis test, the antagonistic stimulation activity of the cactus polysaccharide obtained by the method of Example 1 is stronger; the active composition obtained by the method of Example 4 has a more significant cell protection effect.

[0383] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cactus extract, characterized in that The cactus extract comprises cactus polysaccharide, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide is ≤100000Da; in terms of molar mass ratio, the monosaccharide composition of the cactus polysaccharide comprises 7.86%-20.96% of rhamnose, 20.10%-45.19% of arabinose, 21.94%-35.69% of galactose, 0.5%-13.46% of glucose, 15.93%-27.81% of xylose and 2.02%-10.84% ​​of galacturonic acid; The branching degree of the cactus polysaccharide is 33.59%-62.04%.

2. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that The branching degree of the cactus polysaccharide is 45%-60%.

3. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal groups on the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide that can be functionalized include -OH and -COOH.

4. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal residues of the molecular chain of the cactus polysaccharide include arabinose, xylose and galactose.

5. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative molar ratio of arabinose is in the range of 12%-20%.

6. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative molar ratio of xylose is in the range of 8%-15%.

7. The cactus extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative molar ratio of the galactose is in the range of 8%-15%.

8. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The cactus is soaked in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract. The crude cactus extract is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation after adding a decolorizing agent, fine filtration, desalination, membrane separation and concentration to obtain the cactus extract.

9. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cactus is made from the stem of the Opuntia cactus.

10. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cactus stem is crushed and passed through a 10-60 mesh sieve to obtain cactus powder, which is then soaked in an extraction reagent for extraction.

11. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:10-1:

50.

12. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:15-1:

30.

13. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:

20.

14. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature during extraction is 50-80°C.

15. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature during extraction is 60-70°C.

16. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The extraction time is 1-5h.

17. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The enzymes used for the enzymatic treatment include neutral protease and α-amylase.

18. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.02%-0.5% of the mass of cactus.

19. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.05%-0.4% of the mass of cactus.

20. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.1%-0.3% of the mass of cactus.

21. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.2% of the mass of cactus.

22. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.01%-0.5%.

23. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.05%-0.4% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

24. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.1%-0.3% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

25. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.1% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

26. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis method includes temperature-switching reaction.

27. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 26, characterized in that: The temperature-variable reaction method comprises: heating the crude cactus extract to 40-60° C., extracting for 1-5 hours, and obtaining a first enzymatic hydrolysis product; The first enzymatic hydrolysis product is heated to 70-100° C. and extracted for 1-5 hours to obtain a second enzymatic hydrolysis product, which is the second crude extract.

28. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: The temperature of the heating treatment of the crude cactus extract is 50-60°C.

29. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: The extraction time of cactus crude extract is 1-2h.

30. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: The time for extracting the first enzymatic hydrolysis product is 1-2h.

31. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: The second crude extract is subjected to enzyme inactivation treatment after adding a decolorizing agent. The specific method includes: mixing the second crude extract with the decolorizing agent, heating to 95-100° C., and stirring for 0.5 h.

32. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: Decolorizing agents include activated carbon, resins or clay.

33. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 8, characterized in that: Decolorizing agents include activated carbon.

34. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: After the second crude extract is treated with a decolorizing agent to inactivate the enzyme, the resulting mixed solution is allowed to stand for 1-18 hours, and the supernatant is taken to obtain a third crude extract.

35. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 27, characterized in that: After the second crude extract is treated with a decolorizing agent to inactivate the enzyme, the resulting mixed solution is allowed to stand and age for 12-16 hours.

36. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 34, characterized in that: The third crude extract is subjected to fine filtration treatment, and the specific treatment method includes: adding diatomaceous earth BS10# to the third crude extract for filtration, and the obtained filtrate is the fourth crude extract.

37. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 36, characterized in that: The fourth crude extract is subjected to desalination treatment, and the specific treatment method includes: the fourth crude extract passes through a cationic resin 001*7 and an anionic resin D309 to obtain a fifth crude extract.

38. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 37, characterized in that: The fifth crude extract is subjected to membrane separation treatment.

39. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 38, characterized in that: The membrane separation treatment method is as follows: The fifth crude extract was treated with a filter membrane.

40. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 39, characterized in that: The retention capacity of the filter membrane is 10 WDa.

41. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 39, characterized in that: The filtrate obtained after separation by the filter membrane is then concentrated to obtain the cactus extract.

42. The method for preparing a cactus extract according to claim 41, characterized in that: The fifth crude extract is concentrated and sterilized at 85-90° C. for 40 min to obtain a cactus extract.

43. An active composition, characterized in that It comprises the cactus extract and bioactive substances according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the molecular weight of the bioactive substances is ≤1000, the cactus extract comprises cactus polysaccharides, and the weight average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharides is ≤100000Da.

44. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The bioactive substances include at least one of flavonoids, phenolic substances, lactone substances, phenylpropanoid substances, quinone substances, phenolic acid substances and soluble sugar substances.

45. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The biologically active substances include flavonoids.

46. ​​The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The flavonoids include naringin and / or quercetin.

47. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The flavonoids include naringin.

48. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The phenolic substances include salidroside and / or tyrosol.

49. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The phenylpropanoid substances include osthole.

50. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The lactone substances include coumaric acid.

51. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The quinone substances include aloe-emodin.

52. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The phenolic acid substances include ferulic acid.

53. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The soluble sugar substance includes trehalose.

54. The active composition according to claim 43, characterized in that The active composition also includes a polyol.

55. The active composition according to claim 54, characterized in that The polyol includes at least one of glycerol, butylene glycol and propylene glycol.

56. The active composition according to claim 54, characterized in that The mass of the polyol is 0-80% of the mass of the active composition.

57. The active composition according to claim 54, characterized in that The mass of the polyol is 40%-60% of the mass of the active composition.

58. The active composition according to claim 43 or 54, characterized in that The mass of the bioactive substance is greater than or equal to 1% of the mass of the cactus polysaccharide.

59. The active composition according to claim 43 or 54, characterized in that The mass ratio of the cactus polysaccharide to the bioactive substance is 1:0.01-1:

200.

60. The active composition according to claim 43 or 54, characterized in that The mass ratio of the cactus polysaccharide to the bioactive substance is 1:0.1-1:

150.

61. The active composition according to claim 43 or 54, characterized in that The content of the cactus polysaccharide in the cactus extract is 0.01-10 mg / mL.

62. Use of the cactus extract according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the active composition according to any one of claims 43 to 61 in the preparation of cosmetics.

63. A method for preparing an active composition according to any one of claims 43 to 61, characterized in that: include: The cactus is soaked in an extraction reagent to obtain a crude cactus extract, and the crude cactus extract is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation after adding a decolorizing agent, primary fine filtration, desalting, membrane separation and concentration to obtain a cactus extract, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the cactus polysaccharide contained in the cactus extract is ≤100000Da; The cactus extract is mixed with a biologically active substance with a molecular weight of ≤1000, and subjected to pressurization and homogenization treatment, secondary fine filtration, and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

64. A method for preparing an active composition according to any one of claims 43 to 61, characterized in that: include: The cactus extract, the biologically active substance with a molecular weight of ≤1000 and the polyol are mixed, and the mixture is subjected to pressurization and homogenization treatment, secondary fine filtration and sterilization treatment to obtain the active composition.

65. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that: The homogenization treatment time is 5-30 minutes.

66. A method for preparing an active composition according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that: The pressure during the pressurization treatment is 0.045-0.135 MPa.

67. A method for preparing an active composition according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that: The time of the pressure treatment is 10-30 minutes.

68. A method for preparing an active composition according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that: The temperature during the pressure treatment is 110-125°C.

69. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The cactus is made from the stem of the Opuntia cactus.

70. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The cactus stem is crushed and passed through a 10-60 mesh sieve to obtain cactus powder, which is then soaked in an extraction reagent for extraction.

71. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:10-1:

50.

72. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:15-1:

30.

73. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio (m / m) of cactus to extraction reagent is 1:

20.

74. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The temperature during extraction is 50-80°C.

75. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The temperature during extraction is 60-70°C.

76. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The extraction time is 1-5h.

77. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The enzymes used for the enzymatic treatment include neutral protease and α-amylase.

78. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.02%-0.5% of the mass of cactus.

79. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.05%-0.4% of the mass of cactus.

80. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.1%-0.3% of the mass of cactus.

81. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of neutral protease is 0.2% of the mass of cactus.

82. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.01%-0.5%.

83. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.05%-0.4% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

84. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.1%-0.3% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

85. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The dosage of α-amylase is 0.1% of the mass of the crude cactus extract.

86. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis method includes temperature-switching reaction.

87. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 86, characterized in that: The temperature-variable reaction method comprises: heating the crude cactus extract to 40-60° C., extracting for 1-5 hours, and obtaining a first enzymatic hydrolysis product; The first enzymatic hydrolysis product is heated to 70-100° C. and extracted for 1-5 hours to obtain a second enzymatic hydrolysis product, which is the second crude extract.

88. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: The temperature of the heating treatment of the crude cactus extract is 50-60°C.

89. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: The extraction time of cactus crude extract is 1-2h.

90. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: The time for extracting the first enzymatic hydrolysis product is 1-2h.

91. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: The second crude extract is subjected to enzyme inactivation treatment after adding a decolorizing agent. The specific method includes: mixing the second crude extract with the decolorizing agent, heating to 95-100° C., and stirring for 0.5 h.

92. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: Decolorizing agents include activated carbon, resins or clay.

93. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 63, characterized in that: Decolorizing agents include activated carbon.

94. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: After the second crude extract is treated with a decolorizing agent to inactivate the enzyme, the resulting mixed solution is allowed to stand for 1-18 hours, and the supernatant is taken to obtain a third crude extract.

95. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 87, characterized in that: After the second crude extract is treated with a decolorizing agent to inactivate the enzyme, the resulting mixed solution is allowed to stand and age for 12-16 hours.

96. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 94, characterized in that: The third crude extract is subjected to fine filtration treatment, and the specific treatment method includes: adding diatomaceous earth BS10# to the third crude extract for filtration, and the obtained filtrate is the fourth crude extract.

97. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 96, characterized in that: The fourth crude extract is subjected to desalination treatment, and the specific treatment method includes: the fourth crude extract passes through a cationic resin 001*7 and an anionic resin D309 to obtain a fifth crude extract.

98. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 97, characterized in that: The fifth crude extract is subjected to membrane separation treatment.

99. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 98, characterized in that: The membrane separation treatment method is as follows: The fifth crude extract was treated with a filter membrane.

100. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 99, characterized in that: The retention capacity of the filter membrane is 10 WDa.

101. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 99, characterized in that: The filtrate obtained after separation by the filter membrane is then concentrated to obtain the cactus extract.

102. The method for preparing the active composition according to claim 101, characterized in that: The fifth crude extract is concentrated and sterilized at 85-90° C. for 40 min to obtain a cactus extract.

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