A doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is a formal structure or a reverse structure. When the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is the formal structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode. When the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is the reverse structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer and the metal electrode. The perovskite light-absorbing layer is made of an organic-inorganic perovskite material. The perovskite precursor liquid flows between and on the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array, the coating process reduces the flow shear stress between the perovskite precursor liquid and the first carrier transport layer, and the introduction of the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array inhibits the secondary agglomeration of the perovskite precursor liquid between the doctor blade and the first carrier transport layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of photoelectric functional devices, and particularly relates to a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development and innovation of photovoltaic devices and photovoltaic materials, perovskite solar cells, as a new type of solar technology, have become a strong competitor of traditional silicon cells due to their high efficiency, easy preparation, low cost and other advantages, and have rapidly made remarkable progress. Small-area perovskite solar cells prepared by spin coating with a film applicator in the laboratory can obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency, but there are still deficiencies in the preparation process and coating of large-area perovskite solar cells in industrial production, and there is a lot of room for improvement. The existing general coating equipment and coating process are difficult to meet the preparation of high-quality large-area perovskite films.

[0003] The application provides a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, which can well solve the turbulence phenomenon between perovskite precursor liquid and a substrate during coating, increase the contact area of the precursor liquid and the substrate, reduce the contact angle between the doctor blade and the perovskite precursor liquid, improve the coating speed, thereby improving the uniformity of the whole coating and the film forming quality, reducing the agglomeration phenomenon of the perovskite wet film, improving the charge transport efficiency, and thus improving the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell as a whole. SUMMARY

[0004] Technical problems to be solved

[0005] The application provides a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, which can well solve the turbulence phenomenon between perovskite precursor liquid and a substrate during coating, increase the contact area of the precursor liquid and the substrate, reduce the contact angle between the doctor blade and the perovskite precursor liquid, improve the coating speed, thereby improving the uniformity of the whole coating and the film forming quality, reducing the agglomeration phenomenon of the perovskite wet film, improving the charge transport efficiency, and thus improving the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell as a whole.

[0006] Technical scheme

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application is implemented by the following technical scheme:

[0008] A preparation method of a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0009] First step: immerse the doctor blade coater into the detergent and clean it by ultrasonic, then rinse the detergent with deionized water, and immerse it into deionized water, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in turn and clean it by ultrasonic, dry it and deposit a thin film of commercial photoresist on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater;

[0010] Second step: put the doctor blade of the first step into the oven at 100℃ and bake it for 10 minutes;

[0011] Third step: after the doctor blade of the second step is cooled, expose it to light through the circular pattern mask for 60 seconds with the bottom surface of the doctor blade vertically facing the light source;

[0012] Fourth step: develop the doctor blade of the third step in 1% NaOH solution for 9-11 seconds, rinse it with water and dry it with nitrogen;

[0013] Fifth step: prepare a metal layer on the bottom surface of the doctor blade by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, and form a metal layer on the surface of the photoresist and in the holes;

[0014] Sixth step: remove the photoresist on the doctor blade of the fifth step with acetone, and the metal layer grown on the photoresist is also removed, while the metal layer grown in the holes is retained, thus obtaining a cylindrical dot array template on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater;

[0015] Seventh step: etch the cylindrical dot array on the bottom surface of the doctor blade of the sixth step to remove the vertical edges, and obtain embankment-shaped earthwork cylindrical dots, thus completing the doctor blade coater with earthwork cylindrical dot array;

[0016] Eighth step: use the doctor blade coater with earthwork cylindrical dot array to prepare a first carrier transport layer on a transparent conductive substrate;

[0017] Ninth step: use the doctor blade coater with earthwork cylindrical dot array to prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer;

[0018] Tenth step: use the doctor blade coater with earthwork cylindrical dot array to prepare a second carrier transport layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; eleventh step: prepare a metal electrode on the second carrier transport layer, and complete the preparation of the entire perovskite solar cell.

[0019] Further, the material of the doctor blade coater is stainless steel, glass, quartz or silicon, and the metal in the fifth step is one or an alloy of several of gold, silver, copper, nickel and chromium.

[0020] Further, the etching in the seventh step is chemical etching or physical grinding etching. The chemical etching is to put the doctor blade into an iodine jar, seal it, and let the Ag cylinder on the bottom surface of the doctor blade react with iodine vapor for 50-70s. Then, take it out and immerse it in a 1,3-propylenediamine ethanol solution to etch off silver iodide. The physical grinding etching is to fix the doctor blade, apply a grinding liquid on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, and polish and wipe it with a dust-free cloth for multiple times until the etching is completed.

[0021] Further, the transparent conductive substrate in the eighth step is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), or a metal mesh; the first carrier transport layer is a normal structure or an inverse structure. When it is a normal structure, the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer. When it is an inverse structure, the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. The electron transport layer uses tin dioxide (SnO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or fullerene derivative (PCBM). The hole transport layer uses 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD), triphenylamine polymer (PTAA), or PEDOT:PSS.

[0022] Further, in the ninth step, a layer of discontinuous nanoparticle seeds is first deposited on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, and then a three-stage blade coating is used to coat the perovskite precursor solution, followed by annealing to complete the preparation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0023] Further, the second carrier transport layer in the tenth step is a normal structure or an inverse structure. When it is a normal structure, the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. When it is an inverse structure, the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer.

[0024] Further, the metal electrode layer in the eleventh step is gold (Au) and is prepared by evaporation.

[0025] Further, the nanoparticle seeds are selected from one or more of lead iodide, lead bromide, lead chloride, methylamine iodide, formamidine iodide, cesium iodide, methylamine bromide, formamidine bromide, cesium bromide, methylamine chloride, formamidine chloride, and cesium chloride nanoparticles. The solvent for the nanoparticle seeds is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The concentration of the nanoparticle seeds in the solvent for the nanoparticle seeds is less than or equal to 1 mol / L. The deposition method for the nanoparticle seeds is one of spin coating, spraying, drop coating, blade coating, or printing.

[0026] Further, the three-section doctor blade coating process divides the coating path into three sections, adjusts the coating speed, eliminates the thickness difference at the front and rear ends of the coating, removes the liquid accumulation phenomenon, and improves the overall uniformity; the three sections are as follows: the front section is 10% of the total path from the starting point, the middle section is 80% of the total path after the front section, and the rear section is 10% of the total path after the middle section.

[0027] The coating speed of the front section is 8-16 mm / s, the coating speed of the middle section is 10-20 mm / s, and the coating speed of the rear section is 12-24 mm / s.

[0028] The application also discloses a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell prepared by any one of the preparation methods, wherein the doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell is a formal structure or an inverse structure; when the doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell is the formal structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode; when the doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell is the inverse structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode; and the perovskite light-absorbing layer is made of an organic-inorganic perovskite material.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] The application provides a doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and the doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. Compared with a flat surface, the soil slope-shaped cylindrical point array can reduce the flow shear stress between the precursor liquid and the first carrier transport layer, avoid secondary agglomeration, and flow the perovskite precursor liquid between the soil slope-shaped cylindrical point array and the surface, thereby reducing the flow shear stress between the perovskite precursor liquid and the first carrier transport layer in the coating process, and the introduction of the soil slope-shaped cylindrical point array inhibits the secondary agglomeration of the perovskite precursor liquid between the doctor blade and the first carrier transport layer.

[0032] 2. The speed of coating rate directly affects the thickness of the wet film, and the three-stage coating process can change the traditional thin front and thick rear situation, achieving overall uniformity of the wet film; the film coated by the general doctor blade is not uniform, and is accompanied by problems such as secondary agglomeration of nanoparticles and precursor solution, friction between the doctor blade and the substrate, and discontinuous interface between the doctor blade and the film; the increase of viscous resistance in the precursor solution aggravates the agglomeration effect, causing colloidal particles to gather at the front and edges of the perovskite wet film, in addition, due to the enhanced evaporation at the fluid boundary, the viscous resistance of colloidal particle migration is further increased, therefore, the present application proposes a doctor blade with a terraced cylindrical point array for shearing perovskite colloidal particles in the process of large-area perovskite preparation, the technical effect of the terraced cylindrical point array doctor blade is that the array arrangement introduces shear stress and extensional flow, greatly reducing the generation of colloidal particle flux in the perovskite wet film state, thereby avoiding secondary agglomeration of the entire film, further inhibiting the influence of secondary agglomeration on the perovskite film, and the sensitivity of colloidal particles to size and substrate differences can be well reduced, and the uniform distribution of colloidal particles can significantly improve the overall crystalline uniformity of the perovskite film;

[0033] 3. The uniform distribution of perovskite precursor colloidal particles is a key factor for obtaining high-quality perovskite films; compared with the general flat doctor blade, the doctor blade with a terraced cylindrical point array can effectively shear colloidal particles due to the introduction of shear strain and extensional flow, significantly improving the mobility of colloidal particles, significantly shortening the lag time of colloidal particles on the substrate, and the pre-deposition of nanoparticle seeds reduces the contact angle between the deposition solution and the bottom surface of the doctor blade, improves wettability, and then spreads the deposition solution on the surface to form a uniform film; the three-stage coating process divides the coating path into three stages, adjusts the coating speed, eliminates the thickness difference between the front and rear ends of the coating, removes the accumulation phenomenon, and improves the overall uniformity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the doctor blade coater of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the doctor blade coater with a cylindrical point array of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] A preparation method of a formal structure doctor blade coated perovskite solar cell, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: immerse the doctor blade coater in detergent for ultrasonic cleaning, then rinse off the detergent with deionized water, and then immerse in deionized water, acetone and isopropanol in sequence for ultrasonic cleaning, and dry for standby, and deposit a layer of commercial photoresist film on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater;

[0041] Step 2: place the doctor blade of step 1 into a 100℃ oven for post-baking, and continue for 10 minutes;

[0042] Step 3: after cooling the doctor blade of step 2, vertically face the light source on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, and expose through a circular pattern mask for 60 seconds;

[0043] Step 4: immerse the doctor blade of step 3 in 1% concentration of NaOH aqueous solution for 9-11 seconds for development, rinse with water, and dry with nitrogen;

[0044] Step 5: prepare a metal Ag on the bottom surface of the doctor blade of step 4 by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, and form an Ag metal layer on the surface of the photoresist and in the hole;

[0045] Step 6: remove the photoresist of step 5 with acetone by ultrasonic, and the Ag metal layer grown on the photoresist is removed together, and the Ag metal layer grown in the hole is retained, thereby obtaining an Ag cylindrical dot array template on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater, as shown in Figure 1 ;

[0046] Step 7: place the doctor blade of step 6 into an iodine jar for sealing, and let the Ag cylindrical dots on the bottom surface of the doctor blade react with iodine vapor for 50-70 seconds, and then immerse it in 1,3-propanediamine ethanol solution (volume ratio 1:1) to etch away silver iodide and cut off the vertically undulating edges, thereby obtaining a terraced edge soil slope shaped cylindrical dot, and thus a doctor blade coater with soil slope shaped Ag cylindrical dot array is completed, as shown in Figure 2 ; Step 8: immerse the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass in detergent for ultrasonic cleaning, then rinse off the detergent with deionized water, and then immerse in deionized water, acetone and isopropanol in sequence for ultrasonic cleaning, and dry, prepare SnO2 water dispersion liquid diluted by 1:2 by volume, take 20ul between the doctor blade and the ITO glass, the GAP height is 30um, the coating speed is 10mm / s, heat at 150℃ for 30 minutes, transfer to an ultraviolet-ozone cleaning machine for cleaning for 10 minutes, and naturally cool to room temperature to complete annealing, and form an electron transport layer;

[0047] Ninth step: Lead iodide (PbI2) and methylamine iodide (MAI) are mixed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent in a certain proportion, with a concentration of 1 mol / ml, sprayed on the bottom surface of the scraper, and dried to form a nanoparticle seed; Lead iodide (PbI2), methylamine iodide (MAI) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) are dissolved in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in a certain proportion, the volume ratio of DMSO and DMF is 1:4, heated at 70℃ to completely dissolve, then scraped on the electronic transport layer prepared in the previous step, the GAP height is 30um, the front scraping speed is 8mm / s, the middle scraping speed is 10mm / s, and the rear scraping speed is 12mm / s, then the perovskite wet film is placed in a vacuum box, the vacuum box is pumped to 10pa within 5s, and kept for 1min, then annealed at 100℃ for 10min, forming a perovskite light absorbing layer;

[0048] Tenth step: 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) solvent with a concentration of 72.3mg / mL, and then 28.8μL of 4-tert-butylpyridine and 17.5μL of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) acetonitrile solution (concentration of 520mg / mL) are added in sequence to 1mL of the solution, stirred uniformly, then scraped on the perovskite light absorbing layer prepared in the previous step, the GAP height is 30um, and the scraping speed is 20mm / s, forming a hole transport layer;

[0049] Eleventh step: Transfer to a metal evaporation cabin, use vacuum thermal evaporation method to prepare 80nm thick gold (Au) electrode with a mask, form a metal electrode, thus completing the preparation of the formal perovskite solar cell.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] A preparation method of a trans-structure scraper-coated perovskite solar cell, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0052] First step: Dip the scraper coater into the detergent for ultrasonic cleaning, then rinse off the detergent with deionized water, then dip into deionized water, acetone and isopropanol in sequence for ultrasonic cleaning, and dry for standby, deposit a layer of commercial photoresist film on the bottom surface of the scraper coater;

[0053] Second step: Put the scraper of the first step into a 100℃ oven for post-baking, for 10min;

[0054] Third step: after the scraper of the second step is cooled, the bottom surface of the scraper is vertically opposite to the light source, and exposure is performed through the circular pattern mask plate for 60s;

[0055] Fourth step: the scraper of the third step is immersed in a 1% concentration NaOH aqueous solution for development for 9-11s, washed with water, and dried with nitrogen;

[0056] Fifth step: the scraper of the fourth step is prepared with a metal Cu on the bottom surface by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, so that a Cu metal layer is formed on the photoresist surface and in the hole;

[0057] Sixth step: the photoresist of the scraper of the fifth step is removed by ultrasonic acetone, the Cu metal layer grown on the photoresist is removed together, and the Cu metal layer grown in the hole is retained, so that a Cu cylindrical point array template is obtained on the bottom surface of the scraper coater;

[0058] Seventh step: the scraper of the sixth step is fixed, and a polishing liquid is coated on the bottom surface of the scraper, which is polished and wiped back and forth for multiple times until a Cu cylindrical point with a bank-shaped edge is obtained, and thus a scraper coater with a Cu cylindrical point array is completed;

[0059] Eighth step: the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass is ultrasonically cleaned in a detergent, then the detergent is washed off with deionized water, and then the ITO glass is ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in sequence, and dried; poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) is dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) with a concentration of 5mg / mL, the doctor blade coating speed is 10mm / s, the GAP height is 30um, and the temperature is heated at 120℃ for 10 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature for annealing, so as to form a hole transport layer;

[0060] Ninth step: lead iodide (PbI2) and methylamine iodide (MAI) are mixed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent in a certain proportion, with a concentration of 1mol / ml, and are sprayed on the bottom surface of the scraper to form a nanoparticle seed after drying; lead iodide (PbI2), lead bromide (PbBr2), formamidinium iodide (FAI), methylamine bromide (MABr), and cesium iodide (CsI) are weighed into the same reagent bottle, and a mixed solvent of DMSO and DMF is added, with a volume ratio of 1:4, and the concentration of lead ions in the final precursor solution is controlled to be 1.5mol / L, and then the solution is placed on a 90℃ hot stage for heating to fully dissolve, and then is coated on the hole transport layer prepared in the previous step, with a GAP height of 30um, a front coating speed of 10mm / s, a middle coating speed of 12mm / s, and a rear coating speed of 14mm / s, and then the perovskite wet film is placed in a vacuum box, the vacuum box is pumped to 10pa within 5s and kept for 1 minute, and then annealed at 100℃ for 10min to form a perovskite light absorbing layer;

[0061] The tenth step is to dissolve fullerene derivative PC61BM in CB solvent, the concentration is 20 mg / mL, stirring on a hot stage at 60°C for 2 hours, scraping on the prepared perovskite light absorption layer, the scraping speed is 10 mm / s, the GAP height is 30 um, to obtain an electron transport layer; the saturated solution of bathocuproin (BCP) in isopropyl alcohol is scraped on the electron transport layer to form a buffer layer, the scraping speed is 20 mm / s, the GAP height is 30 um;

[0062] The tenth step is to transfer to a metal evaporation cabin, and 80 nm thick silver (Ag) electrodes are prepared by using vacuum thermal evaporation method in cooperation with a mask to form metal electrodes, so that the preparation of the trans perovskite solar cell is completed.

[0063] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and various modifications or changes can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell, characterized by, Specifically comprising the following steps: The first step: immerse the doctor blade coater in the detergent and ultrasonically clean it, then rinse off the detergent with deionized water, and then immerse it in deionized water, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in sequence and ultrasonically clean it, and dry it for standby, and deposit a layer of commercial photoresist film on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater; The second step: place the doctor blade of the first step into a 100℃ oven for post-baking for 10 minutes; The third step: after cooling the doctor blade of the second step, vertically face the light source on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, and expose it through a circular pattern mask for 60 seconds; The fourth step: immerse the doctor blade of the third step in 1% concentration NaOH aqueous solution for 9-11 seconds for development, rinse with water, and dry with nitrogen; The fifth step: prepare metal on the bottom surface of the doctor blade of the fourth step by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method to form a metal layer on the surface of the photoresist and in the hole; The sixth step: remove the photoresist of the fifth step with acetone by ultrasonic method, and the metal layer grown on the photoresist is removed together, and the metal layer grown in the hole is retained, thereby obtaining a cylindrical dot array template on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater; The seventh step: etch the cylindrical dot array on the bottom surface of the doctor blade coater of the sixth step to remove the vertical edge, and obtain a bank-shaped edge of the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot, thereby completing the doctor blade coater with the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array; The eighth step: use the doctor blade coater with the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array to prepare a first carrier transport layer on a transparent conductive substrate; The ninth step: use the doctor blade coater with the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array to prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first carrier transport layer; The tenth step: use the doctor blade coater with the soil slope-shaped cylindrical dot array to prepare a second carrier transport layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; The eleventh step: prepare a metal electrode on the second carrier transport layer to complete the preparation of the entire perovskite solar cell.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The material of the doctor blade coater is stainless steel, glass, quartz or silicon, and the metal in the fifth step is one or an alloy of several of gold, silver, copper, nickel and chromium. ​ 3. The method for preparing perovskite solar cells by blade coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The etching in the seventh step is chemical etching or physical grinding etching, the chemical etching is to seal the doctor blade in an iodine jar, let the Ag cylinder on the bottom surface of the doctor blade react with iodine vapor for 50-70 seconds, then take it out and immerse it in 1,3-propylenediamine ethanol solution to etch away silver iodide, and the physical grinding etching is to fix the doctor blade, apply a grinding liquid on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, and polish it with a dust-free cloth, and repeat it multiple times until the etching is completed.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The transparent conductive substrate in the eighth step is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) or metal mesh; the first carrier transport layer is a formal structure or an inverse structure, and when it is a formal structure, the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and when it is an inverse structure, the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer; The electron transport layer adopts tin dioxide (SnO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or fullerene derivative PCBM; The hole transport layer adopts 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD), triphenylamine polymer (PTAA) or PEDOT:PSS.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The ninth step is to first deposit a discontinuous nanoparticle seed on the bottom surface of the doctor blade, then use a three-stage doctor blade coating to coat the perovskite precursor solution, and then anneal to complete the preparation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. ​ 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The tenth step is to form a second carrier transport layer in a normal structure or an inverse structure; when the second carrier transport layer is in a normal structure, it is a hole transport layer; when the second carrier transport layer is in an inverse structure, it is an electron transport layer. ​ 7. The method for preparing perovskite solar cells by blade coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eleventh step is to form a metal electrode layer by evaporation.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The nanoparticle seed is selected from one or more of lead iodide, lead bromide, lead chloride, methylamine iodide, formamidine iodide, cesium iodide, methylamine bromide, formamidine bromide, cesium bromide, methylamine chloride, formamidine chloride, and cesium chloride; the solvent of the nanoparticle seed is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA); the concentration of the nanoparticle seed in the solvent of the nanoparticle seed is less than or equal to 1 mol / L; and the deposition method of the nanoparticle seed is one of spin coating, spraying, drop coating, doctor blade coating, or printing. ​ 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell is prepared by the steps of: The three-stage doctor blade coating process divides the coating path into three stages, adjusts the coating speed, eliminates the thickness difference between the front and rear ends of the coating path, removes the accumulation of liquid, and improves the overall uniformity; the three stages are as follows: the front stage is 10% of the total path from the starting point, the middle stage is 80% of the total path after the front stage, and the rear stage is 10% of the total path after the middle stage; the coating speed of the front stage is 8-16 mm / s, the coating speed of the middle stage is 10-20 mm / s, and the coating speed of the rear stage is 12-24 mm / s. ​ 10. A doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cell prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The doctor blade-coated perovskite solar cell is in a normal structure or an inverse structure; when the doctor blade-coated perovskite solar cell is in a normal structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode; when the doctor blade-coated perovskite solar cell is in an inverse structure, the transparent conductive substrate is sequentially provided with a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode; and the perovskite light-absorbing layer is made of an organic-inorganic perovskite material.

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