Coal and Rock Fragmentation Energy and Hardness Coefficient Analyzer and Its Test and Analysis Method

Abstract

A coal and rock fragmentation energy and toughness coefficient analyzer and its test and analysis method according to the present invention. It includes a control and power supply part, a loading part, a sample loading part, and a screening part that are detachably connected in sequence from top to bottom. Inside the housing of the loading part, there are a loading piston and a pressure rod. The loading piston is connected to a micro air pump; the bottom surface of the loading piston is connected to the pressure rod through a series-connected dual-range pressure sensor. A detachable sample loading container is arranged inside the sample loading part. Inside the housing of the screening part, there is a rotary sieve, a pneumatic piston, and an open metal ring. A rotatable and tiltable sieve base drives the inclined sieve mesh and the open metal ring to rotate together; below the open metal ring, there is a pneumatic piston, and the pneumatic piston is connected to a micro air pump. The present invention simplifies the test operation process of the traditional Proctor toughness coefficient, reduces the human operation error, and provides technical equipment support for the prevention and prediction of coal and rock dynamic disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal and rock analysis, and in particular to an analyzer for coal and rock fragmentation energy and toughness coefficient and a test and analysis method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The toughness of coal and rock mass is an important index in the field of mining engineering. Rapidly and accurately measuring the toughness of coal and rock and the physical properties related to fragmentation is of great significance for the prevention of underground coal mine dynamic disasters (rock bursts and coal and gas outbursts).

[0003] At present, the toughness coefficient of coal and rock adopted in Chinese coal mines is the "Protodyakonov toughness coefficient" proposed by scientists in the 1950s of the last century, which is measured by the crushing method. Compared with the strength evaluation method, the toughness coefficient obtained based on the crushing method has a simpler measurement process and lower requirements for test samples, so it is widely used in China. The Protodyakonov toughness coefficient has become one of the four indicators required for the identification of coal and gas outbursts in China, that is, if the toughness coefficient is less than 0.5, the coal seam is considered to have outburst danger. To ensure the safe production of coal mines (especially coal mines with outburst danger), coal mines need to frequently measure the toughness coefficient values at different locations in large quantities.

[0004] The core principle of measuring the toughness of coal and rock by the crushing method is that the energy consumed by the fragmentation of the rock mass is proportional to the size of the newly added area. In the current standard test method, by fixing the mass, falling height and falling times of the drop hammer, the energy consumed by the fragmentation of the coal and rock mass is fixed. Therefore, the more newly added area is generated, the lower the rock toughness. Since the particle surface area is inversely proportional to the particle size, the small-scale coal powder generated during the drop hammer fragmentation process provides most of the newly added area. Therefore, the amount of small-scale coal powder directly determines the toughness of the rock. However, there are also problems with using the amount of coal powder to characterize toughness. Such an index lacks practical physical meaning and is difficult to be substituted into various theoretical analyses like strength indexes.

[0005] The ratio of the total energy consumed during rock fragmentation to the newly added area is called the surface energy (referred to as fracture surface energy, specific surface energy of fragmentation, etc. in some studies). The surface energy can not only be used for rock toughness evaluation, but also for rock fragmentation energy calculation, and has a wider application than the Protodyakonov toughness coefficient. Under certain conditions, the Protodyakonov toughness coefficient can even be calculated knowing the surface energy. The test of surface energy requires obtaining the precise particle size distribution after rock fragmentation, so more sieves and repeated weighing records are needed. Therefore, the test of surface energy is more cumbersome than the test of the Protodyakonov toughness coefficient. However, the surface energy reflects more rock physical properties and can inversely calculate the Protodyakonov toughness coefficient based on statistical relationships or theoretical relationships. Without changing the original toughness index used in coal mines, the test results can be further applied to more theoretical studies.

[0006] Under the current standard (GB / T 23561.12-2010 Determination method for the coefficient of coal hardness), although the hardness coefficient test is simpler than the strength test, it is still relatively cumbersome because the test process includes manual screening, weighing, measuring the height of pulverized coal less than 0.5 mm in the measuring bucket, the low degree of dispersion integration of the device, the large size of the drop hammer crushing device and it is not easy to carry, and the result is greatly affected by manual operation, which makes it difficult to measure the hardness coefficient underground. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a portable coal and rock crushing energy and hardness coefficient analyzer. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide a coal and rock crushing energy and hardness coefficient analyzer and its test and analysis method, which can realize on-site detection of the coal and rock hardness coefficient underground, and is convenient and automated, reducing manual operation errors. The surface energy index obtained by the test can be used for further research on the characteristics of coal and rock crushing energy consumption, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters in coal mines.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0009] A coal and rock crushing energy and hardness coefficient analyzer includes a control and power supply part, a loading part, a sample loading part, and a screening part that are detachably connected in sequence from top to bottom. The top surface of the housing of the control and power supply part is provided with an electronic display screen, and a micro air pump, a power supply, and a control module are provided inside the housing;

[0010] A loading piston and a pressure rod are provided inside the housing of the loading part. An upper air chamber is provided above the loading piston, and an upper air port is provided on the top surface of the upper air chamber, which is connected to the micro air pump through the upper air port; the bottom surface of the loading piston is connected to the pressure rod through a series-type dual-range pressure sensor; a displacement sensor is arranged between the pressure rod and the housing of the loading part, and the displacement sensor is connected to the pressure rod;

[0011] A detachable sample loading container is arranged inside the housing of the sample loading part. A detachable bottom plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the sample loading container, and a bottom plate disassembly mechanism is arranged below the detachable bottom plate. The detachable bottom plate is tightly combined with the sample loading container and can be disassembled through the bottom plate disassembly mechanism;

[0012] A rotary sieve, a pneumatic piston, and an open metal ring are provided inside the housing of the screening part. The rotary sieve includes a rotatable and inclined sieve base and a plurality of inclined sieves: a metal plate and other inclined sieves with gradually decreasing screen hole sizes. A through hole is provided on the top surface of the rotatable and inclined sieve base, and an open metal ring is arranged inside the through hole. The outer ring of the open metal ring evenly surrounds the above-mentioned plurality of inclined sieves, and the rotatable and inclined sieve base drives the inclined sieves and the open metal ring to rotate together;

[0013] Below the open metal ring is provided with a pneumatic piston. Below the pneumatic piston is provided with a lower air chamber. On the top surface of the pneumatic piston is provided with a bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism, which is engaged with the bottom plate disassembly mechanism in a matching manner. On the bottom surface of the lower air chamber is provided with a lower air port for connecting a micro air pump.

[0014] Further, below the electronic display screen are provided a micro air pump, a power supply and a control module. The electronic display screen is connected to the control module. On one side of the electronic display screen are provided a plurality of control buttons: a switch button, a data display button, a confirmation execution button and a cancellation execution button.

[0015] Further, the inclined screen meshes are all inclined, and the inclined screen meshes are arranged in a frustum of a cone shape centered on the open metal ring.

[0016] Further, the opening ratio of the open metal ring is 1:6. In the initial state of the instrument, the opening is aligned with the position between the metal plate and the largest size screen mesh to ensure that all the fragments in the sample loading container can enter. In the initial stage of screening, the opening needs to be aligned with the position between the metal plate and the smallest size screen mesh to ensure that the smallest scale pulverized coal screened out can fall into the sample loading container through the opening for weighing.

[0017] Further, the side wall of the sample loading container is set in a stepped shape to prevent the sample loading container from falling off downward during the loading process.

[0018] Further, the control and power supply part, the loading part, the sample loading part and the screening part are sequentially connected through a first connection port, a second connection port and a third connection port. The first connection port and the bottom surface of the control and power supply part are male and female docking sockets. The second connection port and the bottom surface of the loading part are male and female docking sockets. The third connection port and the bottom surface of the sample loading part are male and female docking sockets. The connection port not only has the function of connection and fixation, but also has the functions of transmitting current, electrical signals and connecting gas pipelines.

[0019] A test analysis method for a coal and rock crushing energy and solidity coefficient analyzer, based on the above-mentioned coal and rock crushing energy and solidity coefficient analyzer, is characterized by including the following contents:

[0020] S1. Before loading the sample, check whether the instrument is installed and connected properly, and obtain and save the load-displacement data under no-load.

[0021] S2. Disassemble the loading part and the sample loading part of the instrument, take out the sample loading container and the detachable bottom plate, and put the prepared sample conforming to the test particle size standard into the sample loading container.

[0022] S3. Put the sample loading container back into the instrument, connect the instrument properly, invert the instrument, and test the original total weight M of the loaded sample 1 ;

[0023] S4. Place the instrument upright, obtain the load-displacement data after loading the sample, and calculate the energy consumption of coal and rock fragmentation after saving.

[0024] S5. Remove the detachable bottom plate through the pneumatic piston at the bottom, then lower the pneumatic piston together with the detachable bottom plate to the bottom to let the fragmented sample fall into the screening device.

[0025] S8. Lower the loading piston again to ensure that all coal and rock fragments in the sample container fall into the rotating sieve, and then lift the loading piston to the top for weighing.

[0026] S7. Align the opening of the open metal ring with the position between the maximum size screen of the metal plate, shake the instrument to ensure that all samples enter the screen part, and then adjust the opening of the open metal ring to the position between the minimum size screen and the metal plate.

[0027] S8. Invert the instrument, start the rotation of the sieve, stop the rotation after a period of time, weigh the weight, start the rotation of the sieve again, weigh again after stopping. If the two weighing results are similar, record the data and use it as the mass of the fragments between the corresponding sieve of the opening of the open metal ring.

[0028] S9. Change the corresponding position of the opening of the open metal ring in sequence, repeat the above steps to obtain the particle size distribution of the fragments, and calculate the total mass of the fragments again. If the total mass differs too much from the original mass, go back to step S2 to reload the sample for testing, otherwise proceed to the next step.

[0029] S10. Combine the fragmentation energy consumption and the fragmentation particle size distribution, calculate the fragmentation surface energy and the coal body toughness coefficient, save the data and exit the system, and clean the sample.

[0030] Further, in step S8, the acceleration during the rotation process changes continuously, sometimes accelerating and sometimes decelerating, so that the particles move up and down on the sieve; the fragment particles with the largest sieve hole diameter of the maximum size sieve of the particle size first fall from the opening of the open metal ring 29 along the rotatable inclined sieve base onto the pressure bar.

[0031] Further, in step S9, calculate the total mass M of the sieved sample 2 which is the sum of the final masses of the fragment particles obtained at the positions between two adjacent inclined sieves respectively, and compare it with the original total mass M of the sample tested by the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 in step S3 1 and evaluate the error of this experiment through the mass loss rate μ=(M 1 -M 2 ) / M 1

[0032] Further, in step S10, the formula for calculating the crushing energy consumption of the sample is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, γ is the surface energy consumption (J / m 2 ), which means the energy required for the rock to generate a unit of new surface area. ρ is the apparent density of the tested coal and rock sample (kg / m 3 );

[0035] The system calculates the Proctor hardness coefficient of the coal and rock according to the relationship between the surface energy consumption and the Proctor hardness coefficient.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The present invention provides an analyzer for coal and rock crushing energy and hardness coefficient, which is small in size, easy to carry, disassemble and assemble, integrates multiple functions of loading-unloading-screening-weighing, can realize on-site detection of the hardness coefficient of coal and rock underground, and the obtained surface energy index can be used for further research on the characteristics of coal and rock crushing energy consumption, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of underground dynamic disasters in coal mines.

[0038] The present invention can quickly test the hardness coefficient and crushing energy of coal and rock in complex environments on the ground or underground, simplifies the test operation link of the traditional Proctor hardness coefficient, reduces the human operation error, and the digital information of the test results can be uploaded to the underground ring network in real time, providing technical equipment support for the prevention and prediction of coal and rock dynamic disasters and promoting the development of intelligent mine construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the analyzer of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the loading part of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sample loading part of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the screening part of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 is a top view of the screening part of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of the test analysis method of the present invention.

[0045] Among them:

[0046] Control and Power Supply Section 1, Loading Section 2, Sample Loading Section 3, Screening Section 4, Electronic Display Screen 5, Switch Button 6, Data Display Button 7, Confirmation Execution Button 8, Cancellation Execution Button 9, First Connection Port 10, Second Connection Port 11, Third Connection Port 12, Exhaust Hole 13, Micro Air Pump 14, Power Supply 15, Control Module 16, Loading Piston 17, Pressure Rod 18, Sample Loading Container 19, Removable Bottom Plate 20, Rotatable and Tiltable Screening Base 21, Pneumatic Piston 22, Bottom Plate Dismantling Mechanism 23, Upper Air Chamber 24, Series-Type Dual-Range Pressure Sensor 25, Displacement Sensor 26, Upper Air Port 27, Bottom Plate Dismantling Trigger Mechanism 28, Open Metal Ring 29, First Tilted Screen 30, Second Tilted Screen 31, Third Tilted Screen 32, Fourth Tilted Screen 33, Fifth Tilted Screen 34, Sixth Tilted Screen 35, Lower Air Chamber 36, Lower Air Port 37. Detailed Embodiment

[0047] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following will be described in detail in conjunction with relevant drawings. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are not intended to limit the specific implementation forms of the technical solution of the present invention, but only the implementation forms that the technical solution of the present invention can adopt. It should be noted first that the description of the positional relationship of each component herein, such as Component A is located above Component B, is based on the relative positions of each component in the drawings and is not intended to limit the actual positional relationship of each component. Embodiment 1:

[0048] Refer to Figures 1-5 , Figure 1 , a structural schematic diagram of a coal and rock crushing energy and firmness coefficient analyzer of the present invention is drawn. As shown in the figure, a coal and rock crushing energy and firmness coefficient analyzer involved in this embodiment includes a control and power supply section 1, a loading section 2, a sample loading section 3, and a screening section 4 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The control and power supply section 1, the loading section 2, the sample loading section 3, and the screening section 4 are all cylindrical, and the four sections are clamped up and down to form a cylindrical device with a diameter of 80 - 150 mm and a height of 300 - 400 mm, which can be held with one hand.

[0049] The control and power supply section 1 includes a hollow cylindrical outer shell. The top surface of the shell is provided with an electronic display screen 5. Inside the shell, there are a micro air pump 14, a power supply 15, and a control module 16. Below the electronic display screen 5, there are a micro air pump 14, a power supply 15, and a control module 16. The power supply 15 is connected to the electronic display screen 5 to supply power to it. The electronic display screen 5 is connected to the control module 16. On one side of the electronic display screen 5, there are a plurality of control buttons: a switch button 6, a data display button 7, a confirmation execution button 8, and a cancellation execution button 9;

[0050] A vent hole 13 with a certain area is provided on the side of the housing of the control and power supply part 1 for the exchange of gas between the micro air pump 14 and the outside air.

[0051] The power supply 15 supplies power to the electronic display screen 5, the micro air pump 14 and the control module 16 and can be charged. The electronic display screen 5 mainly displays instrument status, parameter test results, test steps, test instructions, test progress, etc.; the electronic display screen 5 is embedded with a data acquisition and analysis system, which can realize the acquisition, calculation and analysis of pressure, deformation and screening data. Before each next instruction is output by the control module 16, it will send test instruction information to the display screen. Whether the instruction is executed is determined by the confirm execution button 8 and the cancel execution button 9. The confirm execution button 8 is for confirming execution, and the cancel execution button 9 is for canceling execution and returning to the previous step. In particular, the switch button 6 is for switch control, and the data display button 7 is for displaying historical data.

[0052] The loading part 2 includes a hollow cylindrical outer housing. The top surface of the housing is provided with an annular first connection port 10. A loading piston 17 and a pressure rod 18 are arranged inside the housing. An upper air chamber 24 is provided above the loading piston 17. The top surface of the upper air chamber 24 is provided with an upper air port 27, which is connected to the micro air pump 14 through the upper air port 27; the bottom surface of the loading piston 17 is connected to the pressure rod 18 through a series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25. The bottom surface of the housing of the loading part 2 is provided with a through hole for the extension of the pressure rod 18; a displacement sensor 26 is arranged between the pressure rod 18 and the housing of the loading part 2. The displacement sensor 26 is connected to the pressure rod 18, and the accuracy of the displacement sensor 26 is <1 micron.

[0053] The area ratio of the piston 17 to the pressure rod 18 can adjust the ultimate stress received by the sample during the test. The larger the area ratio, the greater the ultimate stress received by the sample. The series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 is composed of two pressure sensors connected in series, with ultimate ranges of 1N and 1000N respectively, and the accuracy is <0.1‰. Both have overload protection. During the loading and unloading test process, the data of the 1000N pressure sensor is recorded, and during the weighing test process, the data of the 1N sensor is recorded.

[0054] The sample loading part 3 includes a hollow cylindrical outer housing. The top surface of the housing is provided with an annular second connection port 11. A detachable sample loading container 19 is arranged inside the housing. A detachable bottom plate 20 is arranged at the bottom surface of the sample loading container 19. A bottom plate disassembly mechanism 23 is arranged below the detachable bottom plate 20. The detachable bottom plate 20 is tightly combined with the sample loading container 19 and can be disassembled through the bottom plate disassembly mechanism 23. When loading samples or pouring samples, the sample loading container 19 together with the detachable bottom plate 20 can be taken out of the device.

[0055] The side wall of the sample loading container 19 is provided with a stepped outer shape to prevent the sample loading container from falling off downward during the loading process.

[0056] The screening part 4 includes a hollow cylindrical outer shell. The top surface of the shell is provided with an annular third connection port 12. A rotary sieve, a pneumatic piston 22 and an open metal ring 29 are arranged in the shell. The rotary sieve includes a rotatable and tiltable sieve base 21 and six tiltable sieves: a first tiltable sieve 30, a second tiltable sieve 31, a third tiltable sieve 32, a fourth tiltable sieve 33, a fifth tiltable sieve 34 and a sixth tiltable sieve 35. The top surface of the rotatable and tiltable sieve base 21 is provided with a through hole, and the open metal ring 29 is arranged in the through hole. The outer ring of the open metal ring 29 evenly surrounds and arranges six tiltable sieves. The first tiltable sieve 30, the second tiltable sieve 31, the third tiltable sieve 32, the fourth tiltable sieve 33, the fifth tiltable sieve 34 and the sixth tiltable sieve 35 are all tilted and form a certain angle with the plumb plane. The six tiltable sieves are arranged in a frustum of a cone shape centered on the open metal ring 29. The first tiltable sieve 30 is a metal plate. The sieve hole sizes of the second tiltable sieve 31, the third tiltable sieve 32, the fourth tiltable sieve 33, the fifth tiltable sieve 34 and the sixth tiltable sieve 35 decrease in sequence. The rotatable and tiltable sieve base 21 drives the six tiltable sieves and the open metal ring 29 to rotate together. Under the action of centripetal force, the particles can move upward on the tiltable sieve surface. By changing the rotational acceleration, the particles can move up and down on the tiltable sieve surface to achieve the screening effect.

[0057] The opening ratio of the open metal ring 29 is 1 / 6. In the initial state of the instrument, the opening is aligned with the gap between the first tiltable sieve 30 and the second tiltable sieve 31 to ensure that all the debris in the sample loading container 19 can enter between the first tiltable sieve 30 and the largest size sieve (the initial condition required for screening). In the initial stage of screening, the opening needs to be aligned with the position between the first tiltable sieve 30 and the sixth tiltable sieve 35 to ensure that the smallest scale pulverized coal screened out can fall into the sample loading container 19 through the opening for weighing.

[0058] When the mass of the pulverized coal in the sample loading container 19 no longer increases, stop screening. Align the opening of the open metal ring 29 with the position between the fifth tiltable sieve 34 and the sixth tiltable sieve 35 to make the second smallest scale fall into the sample loading container 19 and record the mass increment. Continuously repeat the above operation (each time stop screening, the opening of the open metal ring 29 moves counterclockwise by 60 degrees) until the opening of the open metal ring 29 returns to the position between the first tiltable sieve 30 and the second tiltable sieve 31, and the screening process ends.

[0059] Below the open metal ring 29, there is a pneumatic piston 22. Below the pneumatic piston 22, there is a lower air chamber 36. On the top surface of the pneumatic piston 22, there is a bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism 28, which is engaged with the bottom plate disassembly mechanism 23 in a matching manner. On the bottom surface of the lower air chamber 36, there is a lower air port 37 for connecting to a micro air pump 14.

[0060] Before screening, the instrument needs to be inverted to enable the screened particles to fall into the sample loading container 19 along the rotatable inclined sieve mounting base 21. The pneumatic piston 22 has two functions: (1) Lift the bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism 28 to the detachable bottom plate 20 to disassemble / install the detachable bottom plate 20. After the detachable bottom plate 20 descends with the pneumatic piston 22, the broken samples in the sample loading container 19 can fall into the screening device; (2) After the pneumatic piston 22 rises, the opening of the open metal ring 29 is blocked, and at this time, the particles in the inclined sieve will no longer fall into the sample loading container 19 (when the instrument is inverted). Conversely, after the pneumatic piston 22 descends, the particles between the sieves will continuously fall into the sample loading container 19 from the opening of the open metal ring 29 along the rotatable inclined sieve mounting base 21 (when the instrument is inverted).

[0061] In the test instrument, the control module 16 controls the micro air pump 14, the rotatable inclined sieve mounting base 21, the bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism 28, and the open metal ring 29. The control module 16 realizes the disassembly of the bottom plate by controlling the bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism 28. The control module 16 gradually sends control instructions according to the designed parameter test process.

[0062] The micro air pump 14 is used for pressure application and can charge / discharge air to / from the loading piston 17 and the pneumatic piston 22 separately or simultaneously. The maximum working pressure of the micro air pump 14 determines the maximum loading force applied by the instrument, and the air charging / discharging flow rate determines the loading / unloading speed of the instrument. The micro air pump 14 has two working states. The first working state is to supply air to both the upper air chamber 24 and the lower air chamber 36 simultaneously. In this state, the loading piston 17 moves downward to apply pressure to the samples in the sample loading container 19, and the pneumatic piston 22 moves upward to reduce the upward pressure on the detachable bottom plate 20 to protect the bottom plate structure. The second working state is to supply / discharge air only to the lower air chamber 36. In this state, only the pneumatic piston 22 moves up and down to connect or isolate the sample loading part 3 and the screening part 4.

[0063] The upper air port 27 and the lower air port 37 are used to connect the micro air pump 14 to the loading piston 17 and the pneumatic piston 22. The connecting pipelines can be embedded inside the device or placed outside the device.

[0064] The control and power supply section 1, the loading section 2, the sample loading section 3, and the screening section 4 are sequentially connected through the first connection port 10, the second connection port 11, and the third connection port 12. The first connection port 10 and the bottom surface of the control and power supply section 1 are male and female docking sockets, the second connection port 11 and the bottom surface of the loading section 2 are male and female docking sockets, and the third connection port 12 and the bottom surface of the sample loading section 3 are male and female docking sockets. The connection ports not only have the function of connection and fixation, but also have the functions of transmitting current, electrical signals, and connecting gas pipelines.

[0065] See Figure 6 , Figure 6 Fig. shows the flow schematic diagram of the test analysis method of a coal and rock crushing energy and firmness coefficient analyzer of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a test analysis method of a coal and rock crushing energy and firmness coefficient analyzer provided by the present invention is based on the above-mentioned coal and rock crushing energy and firmness coefficient analyzer. The processes of sample loading, loading and crushing, unloading, inverted screening, and inverted weighing are fully automated. After each step is completed, it is necessary to press the key to confirm before proceeding to the next step, or it can be cancelled and returned to the previous step. The specific contents are as follows:

[0066] Step 1: Check whether the instrument is installed and connected properly, and click the switch button 6 to turn on the instrument.

[0067] Step 2: The instrument first displays "Whether to start loading" on the electronic display screen 5. Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0068] Step 3: When the loading piston 17 reaches the maximum stroke, the instrument automatically stops loading. The electronic display screen 5 displays "Loading completed. Whether to start unloading". Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0069] Step 4: When the loading piston 17 returns to the minimum stroke, the instrument automatically stops unloading. The electronic display screen 5 displays "Whether to calculate the no-load energy consumption". Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0070] Step 5: Calculate the net input energy of the piston according to the force-displacement data recorded by the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 and the displacement sensor 26. After the calculation is completed, the instrument will record the no-load energy E 1 , and the electronic display screen 5 displays "Calculation completed. Whether to start sample loading". Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0071] Step 6: Open the second connection port 11, take out the sample loading container 19 and the detachable bottom plate 20 from the sample loading section 3, and ensure that the sample loading container 19 and the detachable bottom plate 20 are tightly combined.

[0072] Step 7: Load the test particles with a particle size greater than 3 mm and less than the radius of the sample loading container 19 into the sample loading container 19. The sample amount is approximately half of the height of the sample loading container 19.

[0073] Step 8: Place the sample loading container 19 filled with the sample back into the sample loading part 3, close the second connection port 11. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Do you want to measure the total mass of the sample?" Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0074] Step 9: Invert the instrument so that the sample falls onto the pressure rod 18, and record the total mass M of the sample through the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25. 1 ;

[0075] Step 10: Right the instrument. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Weighing completed. Do you want to start loading?" Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute. The loading piston 17 and the pressure rod 18 start to move downward to apply force to the sample in the sample loading container 19. At the same time, to protect the detachable bottom plate 20 from aging and falling off due to excessive loading force, in addition to supplying air to the loading piston 17, the micro air pump 14 also supplies air to the pneumatic piston 22 to lift the pneumatic piston 22 and hold it against the detachable bottom plate 20.

[0076] Step 11: When the loading force reaches the preset maximum value, the loading stops. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Loading completed. Do you want to start unloading?" Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute. The loading piston 17 retracts, and the position of the pneumatic piston 22 remains unchanged, but the pressure in the lower air chamber 36 decreases to reduce the unilateral force of the pneumatic piston 22 on the detachable bottom plate 20.

[0077] Step 12: When the loading piston 17 returns to the minimum stroke, the instrument automatically stops unloading. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Do you want to calculate the energy consumption for sample crushing?" Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0078] Step 13: Calculate the net input energy E of the piston according to the force-displacement data recorded by the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 and the displacement sensor 26. 2 , and the sample crushing energy should be E. 2 - E 1 ; After the calculation is completed, the instrument will record the crushing energy. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Calculation completed. Do you want to start screening?" Click the confirm execution button 8 to confirm and execute.

[0079] Step Fourteen: The combination form of the bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism 28 above the instrument control pneumatic piston 22 and the bottom plate disassembly mechanism 23 is changed, and the detachable bottom plate 20 is disassembled from the sample loading container 19; subsequently, the detachable bottom plate 20 and the pneumatic piston 22 together descend to the bottommost position, and the sample in the sample loading container 19 falls downward and enters the rotary sieve through the opening of the opening metal ring 29; in the rotary sieve, the first inclined sieve mesh 30 is a metal plate, and the sieve hole sizes of the second inclined sieve mesh 31, the third inclined sieve mesh 32, the fourth inclined sieve mesh 33, the fifth inclined sieve mesh 34, and the sixth inclined sieve mesh 35 are 3mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.2mm, 0.074mm in sequence; the opening of the opening metal ring 29 is initially aligned with the position between the first inclined sieve mesh 30 and the second inclined sieve mesh 31;

[0080] Step Fifteen: After the pneumatic piston 22 descends to the bottommost position, the loading piston 17 and the pressure rod 18 start to fall to ensure that the crushed sample particles in the sample loading container 19 fully fall into the sieve; the electronic display screen 5 shows "Whether to retract the pressure rod", click the OK execution button 8 to execute; after the pressure rod 18 rises to the uppermost position, it will be used as the sample tray when the instrument is inverted and weighed;

[0081] Step Sixteen: Shake the instrument to make the debris particles falling on the detachable bottom plate 20 enter between the first inclined sieve mesh 30 and the second inclined sieve mesh 31 along the opening of the opening metal ring 29 as much as possible; the electronic display screen 5 shows "Whether to rotate the metal ring", click the OK execution button 8 to execute, and the opening of the opening metal ring 29 rotates counterclockwise by 60 degrees to the position between the sixth inclined sieve mesh 35 and the first inclined sieve mesh 30;

[0082] Step Seventeen: After the opening metal ring 29 rotates, invert the instrument. The electronic display screen 5 shows "Whether to start screening", click the OK execution button 8 to execute, and the six inclined sieve meshes and the rotatable inclined sieve mounting base 21 rotate counterclockwise together; through program design, the acceleration during the rotation process changes continuously, sometimes accelerating and sometimes decelerating, so that the particles move up and down on the sieve; the debris particles with a particle size < 0.074mm first fall from the opening of the opening metal ring 29 onto the pressure rod 18 along the rotatable inclined sieve mounting base 21;

[0083] Step Eighteen: When the screening reaches the time designed by the program, the rotation stops, and the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 records the mass m of the debris particles with a particle size < 0.074mm 1 ; after the recording is completed, the instrument automatically controls the sieve to continue rotating and stops after a certain time. The series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 records the mass m 1 ’ of the debris particles with a particle size less than 0.074mm again. If m 1 ’ > m 1 , then update the data of m 1 to m1 ’, and continue to rotate the sieve. After a certain period of time, stop and record the weight m 1 ’, and compare m again 1 ’ with m 1 , until m 1 ’ ≤ m 1 . Rotate the opening of the open metal ring 29 counterclockwise by 60 degrees again, to the position between the sixth inclined sieve 35 and the fifth inclined sieve 34;

[0084] Step Nineteen: The rotating sieve starts to rotate again. After reaching the programmed time, stop. The series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 records the mass m of debris in the particle size range of 0.074 mm to 0.2 mm 2 ; After the recording is completed, the instrument automatically controls the sieve to continue rotating. After a certain period of time, stop, and the sensor 25 records the mass m of debris particles in the range of 0.074 mm to 0.2 mm again 2 ’. If m 2 ’ > m 2 , then update the data of m 2 to m 2 ’, and continue to rotate the sieve. After a certain period of time, stop and record the weight m 2 ’, and compare m 2 ’ with m 2 , until m 2 ’ ≤ m 2 , and the screening stops to determine the final mass of debris particles in the range of 0.074 mm to 0.2 mm;

[0085] Step Twenty: Adjust the opening of the open metal ring 29 to the positions between the fifth inclined sieve 34 and the fourth inclined sieve 33, between the fourth inclined sieve 33 and the third inclined sieve 32, between the third inclined sieve 32 and the second inclined sieve 31, and between the second inclined sieve 31 and the first inclined sieve 30 in sequence. Repeat Step Nineteen to obtain the final masses m 3 、m 4 、m 5 、m 6 of debris particles in the particle size ranges of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm to 1 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, and > 3 mm respectively;

[0086] Step Twenty-One: The pneumatic piston 22 rises, connects the detachable bottom plate 20 to the sample container 19, and then falls again to place the instrument upright;

[0087] Step Twenty-Two: Calculate the total mass M of the screened sample 2 = m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4 + m 5+m 6 , and compare it with M 1 , and evaluate the error of this experiment through the mass loss rate μ = (M 1 - M 2 ) / M 1 ;

[0088] Step 23: When the mass loss rate μ is less than the preset value of the system, the electronic display screen 5 displays "The mass loss rate is less than the preset value. Do you want to calculate the toughness index?", click the OK execution button 8 to confirm the execution;

[0089] The system will first calculate the energy consumption of the broken surface of the sample:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, γ is the surface energy consumption (J / m 2 ), which means the energy required for the rock to generate a unit of new surface area. ρ is the apparent density of the tested coal and rock sample (kg / m 3 );

[0092] Step 24: The system calculates the Proctor toughness coefficient of the coal and rock according to the relationship between the surface energy consumption and the Proctor toughness coefficient, and finally displays the values of the surface energy consumption and the Proctor toughness coefficient of this test on the electronic display screen 5. The test is over, and the sample is cleaned.

[0093] In this embodiment, the pre-test inspection of the instrument in Step 1 can be replaced by self-checking by adding sensors, program design, etc.

[0094] In this embodiment, after an incorrect operation in any operation step, the cancel execution button 9 can be clicked to cancel the operation and return to the previous step.

[0095] In this embodiment, there is no exact requirement for the particle size of the tested sample. However, in order to ensure that the surface area of the sample after crushing is much larger than the initial surface area, and thus approximate the fragment area as the new area, the size of the coal and rock sample should be as large as possible; the lower limit of the sample size given in Step 7 is a reference value, and the upper limit of the size is not greater than the radius of the sample loading container 19 to ensure that the particles in the container can be stacked.

[0096] In this embodiment, the largest sieve mesh in the screening part 4: the sieve hole size of the sixth inclined sieve mesh 35 needs to be smaller than the lower limit value of the tested particles.

[0097] In this embodiment, the series-connected dual-range pressure sensor 25 has two functions: (1) The large-range sensor records the loading and unloading curves; (2) The small-range sensor (with overload protection) is used for weighing the sample when the instrument is inverted.

[0098] In this embodiment, the loading and unloading speed of the loading piston 17 is controlled by the charging and discharging speed of the micro air pump, without the need for servo control, and the constant pressure holding time can be set through a program.

[0099] In this embodiment, the whole process of screening and weighing is automatically controlled by the instrument. Since the instrument is inverted, the electronic display screen 5 and the control buttons are both at the bottom. To facilitate the data display and process control during the screening and weighing process, the display screen and the control buttons can be arranged on the side.

[0100] In this embodiment, m 1 ’ must be greater than or equal to m 1 in theory. When the numerical values are equal, it proves that the screening is sufficient; in step eighteen, m 1 ’ ≤ m 1 is described, taking into account the numerical fluctuations of the sensor, which are difficult to be exactly equal.

[0101] In this embodiment, the mass loss of the sample during the test mainly comes from screen jamming and adhesion, and the mass loss rate μ can effectively evaluate the screening effect.

[0102] In this embodiment, there is a theoretical relationship between the surface energy consumption and the Proctor toughness coefficient. Since the test principle of the toughness coefficient is the surface specific work theory, the specific relationship between the two can be obtained through statistical relationships.

[0103] The above are only specific application examples of the present invention, which do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent substitution fall within the scope of the rights protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer, characterized in that: It comprises a control and power supply part (1), a loading part (2), a sample loading part (3) and a screening part (4) which are detachably connected in sequence from top to bottom. The top surface of the shell of the control and power supply part (1) is provided with an electronic display screen (5), and a micro air pump (14), a power supply (15) and a control module (16) are provided in the shell. A loading piston (17) and a pressure rod (18) are provided in the shell of the loading part (2); an upper air cavity (24) is provided above the loading piston (17); an upper air port (27) is provided on the top surface of the upper air cavity (24), and the upper air port (27) is connected to the micro air pump (14); the bottom surface of the loading piston (17) is connected to the pressure rod (18) via a series-type dual-range pressure sensor (25); a displacement sensor (26) is provided between the pressure rod (18) and the shell of the loading part (2), and the displacement sensor (26) is connected to the pressure rod (18); A detachable sample container (19) is arranged in the shell of the sample loading part (3); a detachable bottom plate (20) is arranged on the bottom surface of the sample loading container (19); a bottom plate disassembly mechanism (23) is arranged below the detachable bottom plate (20); the detachable bottom plate (20) is tightly fitted to the sample loading container (19) and can be disassembled by the bottom plate disassembly mechanism (23); A rotating screen, a pneumatic piston (22) and an open metal ring (29) are provided in the housing of the screening part (4); the rotating screen comprises a rotatable inclined screen mounting base (21) and a plurality of inclined screen meshes; the plurality of inclined screen meshes comprise a metal plate and other inclined screen meshes with successively decreasing screen mesh sizes; a through hole is provided on the top surface of the rotatable inclined screen mounting base (21); an open metal ring (29) is provided in the through hole; the outer ring of the open metal ring (29) uniformly surrounds the plurality of inclined screen meshes; the rotatable inclined screen mounting base (21) drives the inclined screen meshes and the open metal ring (29) to rotate together; A pneumatic piston (22) is provided below the open metal ring (29), a lower air cavity (36) is provided below the pneumatic piston (22), a bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism (28) is provided on the top surface of the pneumatic piston (22), the bottom plate disassembly trigger mechanism (28) is matched and engaged with the bottom plate disassembly mechanism (23), and a lower air port (37) is provided on the bottom surface of the lower air cavity (36) for connecting to a micro air pump (14).

2. The coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A micro air pump (14), a power supply (15) and a control module (16) are provided below the electronic display screen (5). The electronic display screen (5) is connected to the control module (16). A plurality of control buttons are provided on one side of the electronic display screen (5): a switch button (6), a data display button (7), a confirm execution button (8) and a cancel execution button (9).

3. The coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined screens are all arranged obliquely, and are arranged in a truncated cone shape with the open metal ring (29) as the center.

4. The coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening ratio of the open metal ring (29) is 1:

6. In the initial state of the instrument, the opening is aligned with the position between the metal plate and the largest-sized screen to ensure that all the fragments in the sample container (19) can enter. In the initial stage of screening, the opening needs to be aligned with the position between the metal plate and the smallest-sized screen to ensure that the smallest-sized coal powder screened out can fall from the opening into the sample container (19) for weighing.

5. The coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the sample loading container (19) is arranged in a step-like shape to prevent the sample loading container from falling downwards during the sample loading process.

6. The coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and power supply part (1), the loading part (2), the sample loading part (3) and the screening part (4) are connected in sequence via a first connection port (10), a second connection port (11) and a third connection port (12); the first connection port (10) and the bottom surface of the control and power supply part (1) are male and female docking sockets, the second connection port (11) and the bottom surface of the loading part (2) are male and female docking sockets, and the third connection port (12) and the bottom surface of the sample loading part (3) are male and female docking sockets; the connection ports not only have a connection and fixing function, but also have the function of transmitting current, electrical signals and connecting gas pipelines.

7. A test and analysis method for a coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer, based on the coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following: S1. Before loading the sample, check whether the instrument is installed and connected properly, and obtain and save the load-displacement data under no-load; S2. Disassemble the loading part and the sample loading part of the instrument, take out the sample loading container and the detachable bottom plate, and put the prepared sample that meets the test particle size standard into the sample loading container; S3, put the sample container back into the instrument, connect the instrument, turn the instrument upside down, and test the original total weight M1 of the sample; S4, placing the instrument upright, obtaining the loading-displacement data after loading the sample, saving and calculating the energy consumption of coal rock crushing; S5. Remove the removable bottom plate through the pneumatic piston at the bottom, and then lower the pneumatic piston together with the removable bottom plate to the bottom, so that the crushed sample falls into the screening device; S6, lower the loading piston again to ensure that all coal and rock fragments in the sample container fall into the rotating screen, and then lift the loading piston to the top for weighing; S7. Align the opening of the open metal ring to the position between the metal plate and the largest-sized sieve, shake the instrument to ensure that all samples enter the sieve part, and then adjust the opening of the open metal ring to the position between the smallest-sized sieve and the metal plate; S8. Invert the instrument, start the screen to rotate, stop the rotation after a period of time, weigh the weight, start the rotating screen again, and weigh it again after stopping. If the two weighing results are similar, record the data and use it as the mass of the fragments between the screens corresponding to the opening of the open metal ring; S9, sequentially changing the corresponding positions of the openings of the open metal rings, repeating the above steps, obtaining the particle size distribution of the fragments, and calculating the total mass of the fragments again; If the total mass is too different from the original mass, go to step S2 to re-sample and test, otherwise go to the next step; S10. Combine the crushing energy consumption and crushing particle size distribution to calculate the crushing surface energy and coal body solidity coefficient, save the data and exit the system, and clean up the samples.

8. The test and analysis method of the coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 7 is characterized by: In step S8, the acceleration of the rotation process is constantly changed, sometimes accelerating and sometimes decelerating, so that the particles move up and down on the screen; the fragments with a particle size smaller than the screen hole diameter of the minimum size screen first fall onto the pressure rod from the opening of the open metal ring (29) along the rotatable and inclined screen base.

9. The test and analysis method of the coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 7 is characterized by: In step S9, the total mass M2 of the sample after screening is calculated as the sum of the final masses of the fragment particles respectively obtained at the positions between two adjacent inclined screens, and is compared with the original total mass M1 of the sample tested by the series dual-range pressure sensor (25) in step S3, and the error of this experiment is evaluated by the mass loss rate μ=(M1-M2) / M1.

10. The test and analysis method of the coal rock crushing energy and robustness coefficient analyzer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S10, the formula for calculating the crushing energy consumption of the sample is as follows: ； Where γ is the surface energy consumption, unit is J / m 3 , which means the energy required to produce a unit of new surface area of ​​the rock, and ρ is the apparent density of the tested coal rock sample, in kg / m 3 ; The system calculates the Pufu strength coefficient of coal rock based on the relationship between surface energy consumption and Pufu strength coefficient.

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