A freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device

Abstract

The invention provides a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which relates to the field of photovoltaic technology. When a photovoltaic power generation module receives light to generate electricity, waste heat can heat a water absorption and evaporation module to accelerate water evaporation, and can reversely cool the photovoltaic power generation module to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation module. A water vapor flow channel is arranged on the lower surface of the water absorption and evaporation module, and water vapor generated by water evaporation flows upward along the water vapor flow channel and enters a water storage module to be condensed and collected. After the water in the water absorption and evaporation module evaporates, salt difference power generation is realized through a first salt difference power generation module between the water absorption and evaporation module and water to be treated. The device can realize multiple functions of photovoltaic power generation, salt difference power generation, and condensed water collection, and can cool photovoltaic power generation to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, reduce the energy consumption of seawater desalination, and improve the heat dissipation of photovoltaic components. Since the salt difference power generation is not affected by light, it can continuously generate electricity at night, thereby solving the defect of intermittent power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device. Background Art

[0002] As a technology that can effectively increase the amount of fresh water and realize open source, seawater desalination technology has the advantages of low acquisition cost and little influence from time and space constraints, and is developing rapidly. However, existing seawater desalination technologies have two disadvantages: high energy consumption and low fresh water output. The desalination technologies currently used are mainly distillation and reverse osmosis. The distillation method has a large demand for thermal energy. Although the quality of fresh water produced is high, the output is low. The reverse osmosis membrane method requires a special pressure pump to maintain operation, which brings high costs, and the high salinity of seawater is easy to corrode the reverse osmosis membrane, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of fresh water production.

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation systems can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy. The industrial electricity price of water treatment plants is relatively high during the day, and photovoltaic power generation systems are operated during the day, which can offset some of the energy consumption and electricity costs; and water treatment plants have a large area and open space, which is suitable for photovoltaic operation. Therefore, water treatment plants are currently actively installing photovoltaic systems to achieve clean power supply. However, the peak power generation efficiency of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaics can reach up to about 20%, and the remaining more than 80% of solar radiation energy will be converted into heat energy. Studies have shown that for every 1K increase in the temperature of crystalline silicon panels, the corresponding photoelectric conversion efficiency will decrease by 0.4~0.5%; for every 10K increase in the temperature of the panel, the life of the photovoltaic module will be halved. Waste heat will not only have a negative impact on photovoltaics themselves, but also lead to problems such as increased heat dissipation energy consumption and fire safety in water treatment plants.

[0004] Therefore, for technicians in this field, how to reduce the energy consumption of seawater desalination, improve the heat dissipation of photovoltaic modules, and solve the intermittent defects of power generation are technical problems that need to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which integrates multiple functions such as photovoltaic power generation, salt difference power generation, temperature difference power generation, condensed water collection, etc., and interrelates them to improve the corresponding performance, reduce processing energy consumption, improve photovoltaic power generation heat dissipation, and solve the intermittent power generation problem. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0006] A freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, comprising:

[0007] Photovoltaic power generation module, used to receive sunlight to generate electricity;

[0008] The water absorption and evaporation module comprises a water absorption and evaporation layer and a capillary tube, wherein the water absorption and evaporation layer is installed on the backlight surface of the photovoltaic power generation module; the capillary tube is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer, and the water absorption end of the capillary tube can extend into the water to be treated so as to supply water to the water absorption and evaporation layer and is evenly distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer; a water vapor flow channel is arranged on the lower surface of the water absorption and evaporation module;

[0009] A first salt difference power generation module is installed in the water absorption and evaporation layer, and a part of the module can extend into the water to be treated;

[0010] A water storage module, used to support the photovoltaic power generation module and the water absorption and evaporation module, and to store water; the water storage module is provided with an exhaust port for gas to pass through and a first drain port for liquid to pass through;

[0011] Among them, the water absorption and evaporation layer receives the heat of the photovoltaic power generation module to realize water evaporation, and cools the photovoltaic power generation module; the evaporated water vapor enters the inner cavity of the water storage module through the water vapor flow channel, and the condensed water is stored by the water storage module; the concentrated water is generated due to evaporation in the water absorption and evaporation module, so that the first salt difference power generation module realizes salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration.

[0012] Optionally, the photovoltaic power generation module is installed with a first thermoelectric module, and the first thermoelectric module can be in contact with the water to be treated, so that the first thermoelectric module can generate electricity by temperature difference due to the temperature difference.

[0013] Optionally, a refrigeration module is further included which is installed on the water storage module, wherein the refrigeration module includes a heat-conducting substrate and a sky radiation passive refrigeration coating, wherein the sky radiation passive refrigeration coating can achieve passive continuous refrigeration below the ambient temperature under solar radiation conditions;

[0014] A second thermoelectric module is arranged between the refrigeration module and the photovoltaic power generation module, so that the second thermoelectric module can realize temperature difference power generation due to temperature difference.

[0015] Optionally, the refrigeration module is connected to the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the refrigeration module is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel;

[0016] The extension trend of the refrigeration module is the same as that of the photovoltaic power generation module, so that the condensed water condensed on the back of the refrigeration module flows toward the photovoltaic power generation module.

[0017] Optionally, it further includes a breathable and hydrophobic membrane covering the outlet of the water vapor flow channel, or a drip eave installed on the lower surface of the refrigeration module;

[0018] The breathable and hydrophobic membrane can allow water vapor to pass through and guide condensed water to drip downwards;

[0019] The drip eaves are used to guide the condensed water to drip downwards.

[0020] Optionally, an electric fan for accelerating the flow of water vapor is provided in the water vapor flow channel.

[0021] Optionally, the second thermoelectric module comprises a thermoelectric layer, a clamping rotating member, and a fixing member, wherein the fixing member is used to provide support, the clamping rotating member is installed at both ends of the thermoelectric layer, and the thermoelectric layer is installed on the fixing member;

[0022] The clamping rotating member can drive the thermoelectric layer to flip open or close, so that the condensed water generated on the front side of the refrigeration module falls into the water storage module.

[0023] Optionally, the refrigeration module is connected to the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the refrigeration module is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel;

[0024] The extension trend of the refrigeration module is opposite to the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module, so that the condensed water condensed on the back of the refrigeration module flows in a direction away from the photovoltaic power generation module.

[0025] Optionally, an external fresh water tank is provided on the water storage module for receiving condensed water sliding down the outer surface of the refrigeration module.

[0026] Optionally, when the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices are arranged in an array, the refrigeration module of one of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices can reflect light to the photovoltaic power generation module of another of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices.

[0027] Optionally, a second salt difference power generation module is arranged on the bottom surface of the water storage module, the bottom surface of the second salt difference power generation module is immersed in seawater, and the top surface contacts fresh water, and the second salt difference power generation module realizes salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration;

[0028] Wherein, the first drain outlet is used to discharge the brine after salt difference power generation.

[0029] Optionally, the water storage module includes a two-chamber partition mechanism disposed in its inner cavity, the two-chamber partition mechanism is used to separate the inner cavity of the water storage module into two independent cavities, and can control whether the two cavities are connected or not, so as to provide condensed water to the lower cavity;

[0030] The first drain port is located above the two-chamber partition mechanism and is used to drain condensed water; a second drain port is provided below the two-chamber partition mechanism and is used to drain salt water after salt difference power generation;

[0031] While the second salt difference power generation module realizes salt difference power generation due to the ion concentration difference, the condensed water above the two-chamber partition mechanism can be collected.

[0032] Optionally, it further comprises a primary treatment module immersed in the water to be treated, the primary treatment module comprising an outer cover, on which a grid, a flocculation chamber, an adsorption chamber, and a raw water chamber are sequentially arranged according to the inflow direction of the water to be treated;

[0033] The capillary tube extends into the raw water chamber to absorb the water after initial treatment;

[0034] A sedimentation chamber is arranged at the bottom of the outer cover, which is used for collecting the falling impurities and is detachable.

[0035] Optionally, the water absorption and evaporation module further includes an active water absorption mechanism, which includes a water absorption pump and a water delivery pipe, and the water absorption pump is used to actively deliver water into the water absorption and evaporation layer through the water delivery pipe.

[0036] Optionally, the water delivery pipes and the capillaries are alternately and staggeredly distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer; the capillaries are located at a position higher than the water delivery pipes.

[0037] Optionally, the water storage module is provided with a driving mechanism and a photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is used to detect the direction of light; the driving mechanism is used to drive the water storage module to move so that the photovoltaic power generation module faces the direction of light irradiation.

[0038] The invention provides a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which generates electricity by receiving light through a photovoltaic power generation module; while the photovoltaic power generation module receives light to generate electricity, part of waste heat is generated, and the waste heat can heat a water absorption and evaporation module to accelerate water evaporation, and can reversely cool the photovoltaic power generation module to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation module; a water absorption and evaporation layer of the water absorption and evaporation module is installed on the backlight surface of the photovoltaic power generation module; a capillary is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer, and the water absorption end of the capillary can extend into the water to be treated so as to supply water to the water absorption and evaporation layer, and since water is absorbed by the capillary phenomenon, it is not necessary to additionally set up a water absorption power structure; a water vapor flow channel is arranged on the lower surface of the water absorption and evaporation module, and water vapor generated by water evaporation flows upward along the water vapor flow channel and enters a water storage module to be condensed and collected; after the water in the water absorption and evaporation module evaporates, the concentration of dissolved ions therein increases, and salt difference power generation is realized through a first salt difference power generation module between the water absorption and evaporation module and the water to be treated; an exhaust port for gas to pass through and a first drain port for liquid to pass through are arranged on the water storage module to achieve air pressure balance and discharge the stored water. When in use, the device not only realizes multiple functions such as photovoltaic power generation, salinity difference power generation and seawater desalination, but each function does not function independently, but rather has a synergistic promoting effect. The water evaporation process is used to cool the photovoltaic components to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The condensation process takes into account both efficient seawater desalination and salinity difference power generation. The coupling and coordinated operation of multiple functions are achieved through a highly integrated integrated device. Since salinity difference power generation is not affected by light, it can continue to generate electricity at night, solving the intermittent defect of being unable to generate electricity at night. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 An axonometric schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 An axonometric schematic diagram of another specific embodiment of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of two freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices provided by the present invention combined with each other;

[0048] Fig. 9 It is an axonometric diagram of a specific embodiment of a water absorption and evaporation module;

[0049] Fig.10 It is an axonometric diagram of another specific embodiment of the water absorption and evaporation module;

[0050] Fig.11 This is an axonometric diagram of a second thermoelectric module in the form of louvers.

[0051] The figure includes:

[0052] Photovoltaic power generation module 1;

[0053] Water absorption and evaporation module 2, water vapor flow channel 201, air-permeable and hydrophobic membrane 202, electric fan 203, water absorption and evaporation layer 21, capillary 22, active water absorption mechanism 23, water absorption pump 231, water delivery pipe 232;

[0054] The first salt difference power generation module 3;

[0055] Refrigeration module 4, heat-conducting substrate 41, sky radiation passive cooling coating 42, dripping eaves 43;

[0056] Water storage module 5, exhaust port 501, first drain port 502, second drain port 503, two-chamber partition mechanism 51, drive mechanism 52, photoreceptor 53, external fresh water tank 54, battery 55;

[0057] A first thermoelectric module 6;

[0058] A second thermoelectric module 7, a thermoelectric layer 71, a clamping rotating member 72, and a fixing member 73;

[0059] The second salt difference power generation module 8;

[0060] Primary treatment module 9, outer cover 91, grid 92, flocculation chamber 93, adsorption chamber 94, raw water chamber 95, and sedimentation chamber 96. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The core of the present invention is to provide a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which integrates multiple functions such as photovoltaic power generation, salt difference power generation, temperature difference power generation, and seawater desalination, and interconnects them to improve the corresponding performance, reduce processing energy consumption, improve photovoltaic power generation heat dissipation, and solve the intermittent defects of power generation.

[0062] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0063] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which can not only generate electricity, but also desalinate seawater to produce condensed water, that is, freshwater-electricity cogeneration. The device can be applied to scenarios such as seawater desalination; the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device includes a photovoltaic power generation module 1, a water absorption and evaporation module 2, a first salt difference power generation module 3, a water storage module 5 and other structures. Due to the harsh working environment of each module, it is necessary to spray a waterproof and anti-corrosion coating on the outer surface of the component to prevent failure in long-term operation under seawater conditions.

[0064] The photovoltaic power generation module 1 is used to receive light to generate electricity; photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic power generation mainly consists of three parts: solar panels, controllers, and inverters. The photovoltaic power generation module 1 includes a glass cover, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic backplanes, and packaging frames, which are used to absorb solar radiation to generate electricity; photovoltaic cells can be monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline silicon cells, or gallium arsenide cells, etc.; the backplane of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 has good thermal conductivity, which can quickly conduct photovoltaic waste heat to the water absorption and evaporation module 2.

[0065] The water absorption and evaporation module 2 includes a water absorption and evaporation layer 21 and a capillary 22. The water absorption and evaporation layer 21 is a sheet structure with a certain thickness and is installed on the backlight surface of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. The capillary 22 is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer 21. The capillary 22 can adopt a root-like structure to improve the water absorption and distribution capabilities. Capillarity is a phenomenon that occurs in some capillaries whose linear dimensions are small enough to be compared with the curvature radius of the liquid meniscus. The entire liquid surface in the capillary will become curved, and the interaction between liquid and solid molecules can extend to the entire liquid.

[0066] The water absorption end of the capillary 22 can extend into the water to be treated to supply water to the water absorption evaporation layer 21. The capillary 22 can absorb water from the water to be treated by capillary phenomenon, so that the water is evenly distributed in the water absorption evaporation layer 21. The water absorption evaporation layer 21 has the characteristics of high water absorption and high water retention and good evaporation performance. The water added by the capillary 22 can be captured by hydrophilic materials. The water is stored in the three-dimensional grid structure gel of the water absorption evaporation layer 21. When there is a heat source to release heat, the stored water is passively evaporated to achieve cooling. The water absorption evaporation layer 21 can be a sponge, hydrogel, etc. Fig. 9 As shown, the capillaries 22 are distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21, and a plurality of branch capillaries are formed on the main pipe of the capillary 22. New branches can be further provided on the branch capillaries. Openings can be provided on the side walls of the pipes at each level to drain water to the water absorption and evaporation layer 21, and the water is more evenly distributed to the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 through these branches. Similarly, the same multi-branch design can be adopted at the water absorption end of the capillary 22 extending into the water to be treated. That is to say, the capillary 22 of the present invention adopts a bionic root and leaf shape, connected to the water to be treated (such as seawater or sewage) and the water absorption and evaporation layer 21, and can imitate the diffusion effect of the water absorption and leaf veins of the plant roots and stems, and passively replenish the water to the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 through capillary action, without the need to set up additional power equipment.

[0067] Combination Figure 3 As shown, a water vapor flow channel 201 is arranged on the lower surface of the water absorption and evaporation module 2. The arrow in the water vapor flow channel 201 roughly indicates the flow direction of water vapor. Water vapor is mainly generated by heat absorption and evaporation of the water absorption and evaporation module 2. The surface of the water absorption and evaporation module 2 is inclined, and the water vapor flow channel 201 located below the water absorption and evaporation module 2 is also inclined. Figure 3 The water vapor flow channel 201 is lower on the right and higher on the left, and the right side is closer to the surface of the water to be treated. The upper surface of the water vapor flow channel 201 is surrounded by the water absorption and evaporation module 2. The capillary 22 of the water absorption and evaporation module 2 continuously absorbs the water to be treated below, and the absorbed water is evenly distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21. The water absorption and evaporation layer 21 absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, causing the water to evaporate and generate water vapor. The water vapor flows from bottom to top along the water vapor flow channel 201 and finally enters the water storage module 5. After condensation, it is collected and stored by the water storage module 5. While the water absorption and evaporation module 2 generates water vapor itself, it absorbs and utilizes the heat of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, which plays a role in cooling the photovoltaic power generation module 1, preventing the photovoltaic power generation module 1 from overheating, thereby further improving the power generation performance of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 itself.

[0068] It should be noted here that Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the bottom and side surfaces of the water vapor flow channel 201 are surrounded by a part of the water storage module 5, and the upper surface is surrounded by the water absorption and evaporation module 2. However, the bottom and side surfaces of the water vapor flow channel 201 can also be surrounded by independently arranged structures and fixed to the water absorption and evaporation module 2 or the water storage module 5.

[0069] The first salt difference power generation module 3 is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer 21, and a part of it can extend into the water to be treated; Figure 3 As shown, the first salt difference power generation module 3 is arranged vertically (optional), the upper end of the first salt difference power generation module 3 is connected to the water absorption and evaporation layer 21, and the lower end can extend below the liquid level of the water to be treated below. Since the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 continuously absorbs water from the water to be treated below, and continuously evaporates to produce water vapor, this process occurs continuously, and eventually the ion concentration of water in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 rises, which is higher than the ion concentration of the water to be treated below, and forms a concentration difference with the water to be treated, that is, a salt difference, and the salt here does not specifically refer to NaCl. Taking seawater as an example, the first salt difference power generation module 3 is arranged between the water absorption evaporation layer 21 and the seawater. After the water absorption evaporation layer 21 evaporates, the concentration rises. The evaporated high-concentration salt water and seawater can be used for salt difference power generation; there is a cation selective permeable membrane between the high-concentration salt water and the seawater. Taking NaCl as an example, Na ions enter the seawater, and Cl ions flow to the negative electrode to precipitate AgCl with Ag ions. The concentration of high-concentration salt water in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is reduced, which can avoid salt blockage; the appropriate cation permeable membrane can be selected according to the specific seawater salt type configuration. The water absorption evaporation layer 21 can be an alkaline hydrogel, which creates an alkaline high-temperature and high-salt environment during the evaporation process to kill bacteria in the water. Salt difference energy refers to the chemical potential difference energy between two liquids with different salt concentrations. It is a renewable energy with the highest energy density in ocean energy and can be converted into effective electrical energy. At 17 degrees Celsius, if 1 mole of salt ions diffuses from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution, 5500J of energy can be released.

[0070] The water storage module 5 is used to support the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the water absorption and evaporation module 2, and the water storage module 5 can be provided with insulation materials. The water storage module 5 is independent of the water to be treated below and is isolated from the water to be treated. The water storage module 5, the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the water absorption and evaporation module 2 are relatively fixedly assembled, and the water storage module 5 provides support for the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the water absorption and evaporation module 2. The water storage module 5 has a space for storing water, and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the water absorption and evaporation module 2 constitute a part of the upper surface of the water storage module 5, so that a relatively closed cavity is formed inside the water storage module 5. The water absorption and evaporation module 2 evaporates to generate water vapor, and the water vapor flows along the water vapor flow channel 201. After the water vapor flows out of the water vapor flow channel 201, it enters the cavity inside the water storage module 5, condenses in this cavity to form liquid water, and finally falls into the water storage module 5 to complete the collection. The water storage module 5 is used to store water, and an exhaust port 501 for gas to pass through and a first drain port 502 for liquid to pass through are arranged on the wall surface of the water storage module 5; when the air pressure inside the water storage module 5 is too high, it can be discharged through the exhaust port 501, and when enough condensed water is stored in the water storage module 5, it can be discharged outwardly through the first drain port 502.

[0071] The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention can realize power generation and freshwater production at the same time, and form an organic combination to improve the corresponding performance. Among them, the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 receives the heat of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 to realize water evaporation, and cools the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 can realize photovoltaic power generation, and the power generation efficiency is improved due to cooling. The evaporated water vapor enters the inner cavity of the water storage module 5 through the water vapor flow channel 201, and the condensed water is stored by the water storage module 5. The condensed water is a byproduct of the condensation of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. Because the water absorption and evaporation module 2 absorbs water through the capillary 22, no additional energy is required. The concentrated water produced by evaporation in the water absorption and evaporation module 2 enables the first salt difference power generation module 3 to realize salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration. The power generation of the first salt difference power generation module 3 is also a byproduct caused by the increase in water concentration due to the evaporation of the water absorption and evaporation module 2. The present invention provides the functions of photovoltaic power generation, salt difference power generation and condensed water production, reduces the energy consumption of seawater desalination and improves the heat dissipation of photovoltaic components; photovoltaic power generation is greatly affected by light. When photovoltaic power generation cannot be maintained, the first salt difference power generation module 3 can still be used for salt difference power generation, and power generation can be achieved during the day and at night, which can solve the intermittent defect of being unable to generate electricity at night. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device of the present invention can realize multiple functions of photovoltaic power generation, salt difference power generation, and seawater desalination. The various functions play a synergistic promotion effect, and the water evaporation process is used to cool the photovoltaic components to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The condensation process takes into account efficient seawater desalination and salt difference power generation, and multiple functional coupling and coordinated operation are achieved through a highly integrated integrated device.

[0072] On the basis of the above scheme, the photovoltaic power generation module 1 provided by the present invention is equipped with a first thermoelectric module 6, which is in contact with the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the water to be treated respectively. The photovoltaic power generation module 1 is exposed to light and has a temperature higher than that of the water to be treated. Figure 3 As shown, the first thermoelectric module 6 is arranged vertically (optional), the upper end of the first thermoelectric module 6 is in contact with the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the lower end of the first thermoelectric module 6 is in contact with the water to be treated. Due to the temperature difference, the first thermoelectric module 6 realizes temperature difference power generation due to the temperature difference. That is, in addition to photovoltaic power generation and salt difference power generation, the present invention can also realize temperature difference power generation. Temperature difference power generation is a power generation method that uses the Seebeck effect to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The thermoelectric layer can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy under the condition of a small temperature difference, and no mechanical moving parts and media are required during the conversion process. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications, is small in size and light in weight, is safe and reliable, and the power generation process does not pollute the environment. It is an ideal power source.

[0073] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a refrigeration module 4 installed on the water storage module 5, combined with Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the refrigeration module 4 includes a heat-conducting substrate 41 and a sky radiation passive cooling coating 42. The outer surface of the heat-conducting substrate 41 is coated with the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42. The sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 has good spectral selectivity, high emissivity (emissivity greater than 90%) in the "atmospheric window" band (8-13 microns), high reflectivity (reflectivity greater than 95%) in the solar radiation band (0.3-2.5 microns), and good hydrophobicity, which dissipates the heat on its surface to the low-temperature outer space in the form of thermal radiation, thereby achieving the effect of passive cooling. It can passively generate cold and condense moisture in humid air; the sky radiation passive cooling coating can be prepared by PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), silicon oxide, etc.; the heat-conducting substrate 41 is made of metal plate, has good strength and thermal conductivity, and can quickly and efficiently conduct cold; the heat-conducting substrate 41 can be prepared by high thermal conductivity materials such as copper, aluminum alloy, etc.

[0074] The sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 can achieve passive continuous cooling below the ambient temperature under solar radiation conditions, and can achieve cooling under illumination without the need for other additional energy sources, making the temperature lower than the ambient temperature. The refrigeration module 4 is a part of the upper surface of the water storage module 5. A second thermoelectric module 7 is arranged between the refrigeration module 4 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1. The second thermoelectric module 7 can contact the refrigeration module 4 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 at the same time. The temperature of the refrigeration module 4 is low and the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is high, forming a temperature difference in the second thermoelectric module 7, so that the second thermoelectric module 7 can achieve temperature difference power generation due to the temperature difference. That is, the present invention can achieve temperature difference power generation at two locations through the first thermoelectric module 6 and the second thermoelectric module 7.

[0075] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, the present invention provides a specific arrangement form, wherein the refrigeration module 4 is connected to the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and a second thermoelectric module 7 is arranged between the lower edge of the refrigeration module 4 and the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. The refrigeration module 4 is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel 201. When the water vapor flows obliquely upward along the water vapor flow channel 201, the water vapor is discharged from the water vapor flow channel 201 and reaches the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4. The temperature of the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 is lower, which accelerates condensation and liquefaction.

[0076] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the extension trend of the refrigeration module 4 is the same as the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the refrigeration module 4 is lower on the right and higher on the left, and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is lower on the right and higher on the left, that is, the side of the refrigeration module 4 close to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is lower, and the other side is higher; the inclination of the refrigeration module 4 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 can be the same or different, and the inclination angles in the above three figures are the same. The condensed water condensed on the back (lower surface) of the refrigeration module 4 flows toward the photovoltaic power generation module 1 due to gravity. The side surface is a right-angled trapezoid. Except for one side of the device enclosure structure formed by the refrigeration module 4, the second thermoelectric module 7 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the other sides have water storage modules 5 as enclosure structures.

[0077] In order to prevent the condensed water on the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 from flowing into the water vapor flow channel 201, the present invention provides two means: first, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The outlet of the water vapor flow channel 201 is covered with a breathable hydrophobic membrane 202, which allows water vapor to pass through and guides condensed water to drip downward. Water vapor can pass through but condensed water cannot. The breathable hydrophobic membrane 202 allows water vapor to diffuse while preventing liquid water droplets from passing through the membrane or accumulating in the membrane. It can be prepared by electrospinning cellulose acetate. The breathable hydrophobic membrane 202 can be set vertically or tilted. Second, refer to Figure 4 A dripping eave 43 is installed on the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4, and the dripping eave 43 is used to guide the condensed water to drip downward. The dripping eave 43 is located near the lower edge of the refrigeration module 4, and the dripping eave 43 is a convex block structure that is vertically downward or obliquely protruding. When the condensed water on the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 flows to the dripping eave 43, it is blocked by the dripping eave 43 and drips downward into the water storage module 5. Replacing the air-permeable hydrophobic membrane 202 with the dripping eave 43 can reduce the local resistance of water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel 201, and is suitable for use under the working condition where the pressure difference between the water vapor flow channel and the inner cavity of the water storage module 5 is low. Both the air-permeable hydrophobic membrane 202 and the dripping eave 43 can prevent the condensed water from entering the water vapor flow channel 201 and losing.

[0078] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 6 , Figure 7 An electric fan 203 is provided in the water vapor flow channel 201 to accelerate the flow of water vapor. The electric fan 203 starts to work synchronously during the evaporation process. The evaporated fresh water vapor will be blown to the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 through the breathable and hydrophobic membrane 202 under the action of the electric fan 203. The activation of the electric fan 203 is suitable for the case where the evaporation amount of water vapor is large.

[0079] Combination Fig.11As shown, the second thermoelectric module 7 provided by the present invention includes a thermoelectric layer 71, a clamping rotating member 72, a fixing member 73, and a frame structure of the fixing member 73. The fixing member 73 is used to provide support. The clamping rotating member 72 is installed at both ends of the thermoelectric layer 71, and the clamping rotating member 72 installs the thermoelectric layer 71 on the fixing member 73. The clamping rotating member 72 can drive the thermoelectric layer 71 to flip open or close, so that the condensed water generated on the front of the refrigeration module 4 falls into the water storage module 5. There are multiple thermoelectric layers 71, which are distributed in a louver shape; both ends of each thermoelectric layer 71 can always receive heat from the refrigeration module 4 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1. Each thermoelectric layer 71 can be opened or closed independently. When the outer surface (upper surface) of the refrigeration module 4 generates cooling water and slides down at night, the thermoelectric layer 71 is opened to allow the condensed water to fall into the water storage module 5. It should be pointed out that for Figure 5 , Figure 7 In the configuration of the refrigeration module 4 shown, the second thermoelectric module 7 can adopt an independent complete structure. It should be noted that the second thermoelectric module 7 is not limited to Figure 5 , Figure 7 The vertical setting shown in the figure can also be a horizontal setting or a tilted setting in other directions.

[0080] The present invention also provides another configuration of the refrigeration module 4, referring to Figure 5 , Figure 7 , the refrigeration module 4 is connected to the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the refrigeration module 4 is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel 201. The extension trend of the refrigeration module 4 is opposite to the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. The refrigeration module 4 and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 are in an "eight" shape, the refrigeration module 4 is low on the left and high on the right, the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is high on the left and low on the right, and the refrigeration module 4 is low on the side away from the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and high on the other side. The condensed water condensed on the back (lower surface) of the refrigeration module 4 flows in a direction away from the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the flow direction of the condensed water is away from the second thermoelectric module 7. In the refrigeration module 4 adopting this setting form, the air-permeable and hydrophobic membrane 202 or the drip eaves 43 may not be provided.

[0081] In this embodiment, an external fresh water tank 54 can be provided on the water storage module 5. Figure 7 As shown, the external fresh water tank 54 is used to receive condensed water sliding down the outer surface of the refrigeration module 4 .

[0082] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 8 As shown, in the case where the extension trend of the refrigeration module 4 is opposite to the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, when the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices are arranged in an array, the refrigeration module 4 of one freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device can reflect light to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 of another freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, thereby increasing the amount of light exposure to the photovoltaic power generation module 1, thereby making full use of light energy.

[0083] Combination Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, a second salt difference power generation module 8 is arranged on the bottom surface of the water storage module 5, the bottom surface of the second salt difference power generation module 8 is immersed in seawater, and the top surface contacts the fresh water inside the water storage module 5, and the second salt difference power generation module 8 realizes salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration; that is, the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present invention realizes salt difference power generation at two locations through the first salt difference power generation module 3 and the second salt difference power generation module 8. After salt difference power generation, ions will enter the side with lower concentration from the side with higher concentration, and finally make the ion concentrations on both sides basically equal. When the water inside the water storage module 5 becomes salt water, the salt water after salt difference power generation can be discharged through the first drain port 502.

[0084] In an embodiment of setting up a second salt difference power generation module 8, a two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can be set in the inner cavity of the water storage module 5. The two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is used to divide the inner cavity of the water storage module 5 into two independent cavities. The two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can control whether the two cavities are connected or not, thereby providing condensed water to the cavity below; the cavity above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can be called a fresh water chamber, and the cavity below can be called a salt difference power generation chamber.

[0085] The first drain port 502 is located above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 and is used to discharge condensed water; the second drain port 503 for discharging salt water after salt difference power generation is set below the two-chamber partition mechanism 51. The first drain port 502 is used to discharge condensed fresh water, and the second drain port 503 discharges salt water after salt difference power generation. While the second salt difference power generation module 8 realizes salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration, the condensed water above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can be collected. While the second salt difference power generation module 8 is performing salt difference power generation, condensed water can also be collected synchronously. During operation, condensed water is collected above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51, and a portion of fresh water is transported through the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 and then kept closed. The water below the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 and the external water to be treated are subjected to salt difference power generation through the second salt difference power generation module 8; after the salt difference power generation is completed, the newly generated salt water below the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is discharged through the second drain port 503, and then the condensed fresh water is transported to the bottom of the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 again, and the next round of salt difference power generation can be performed.

[0086] The transmission mechanism of the two-chamber separation mechanism 51 can be manual, electric or hydraulic; if a manual transmission mechanism is installed, the operator can manually open the switch to transfer fresh water when observing the liquid level or the liquid pressure value in the fresh water chamber reaches a set value; if a hydraulic transmission mechanism is installed, when the fresh water pressure value acting on the two-chamber separation mechanism 51 reaches the set pressure value, the pre-force of the pressure regulating drive component or the weight drive component is overcome, and the two-chamber separation module is immediately driven to open and drain water; if an electric transmission mechanism is installed, when the fresh water pressure value acting on the two-chamber separation mechanism 51 reaches the set pressure value, an electrical signal is sent to the electric drive component, and the electric drive component quickly opens the two-chamber separation module to discharge the over-pressure fresh water in the fresh water chamber.

[0087] The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device of the present invention further comprises a primary treatment module 9 immersed in the water to be treated, Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the primary treatment module 9 includes an outer cover 91, which is an internal cavity, and the external water to be treated can flow into the outer cover 91. The outer cover 91 is provided with a grid 92, a flocculation chamber 93, an adsorption chamber 94, and a raw water chamber 95 in sequence according to the inflow direction of the water to be treated; the top of the raw water chamber 95 is opened to allow the water delivery pipe 232 and the bionic root and leaf capillary 22 to pass through, and the opening and pipe penetration point must be well sealed to prevent seawater from entering and polluting the raw water after treatment; the bottom of the outer cover 91 is provided with a sedimentation chamber 96, which is used to receive the falling impurities and can be disassembled. The grid 92 is used to filter larger solid impurities; the flocculation chamber 93 can be filled with alum to gather fine particles into large particles, and the large particles after impurity flocculation sink to the sedimentation chamber 96 at the bottom of the module under the action of gravity; the adsorption chamber 94 can be filled with activated carbon and quartz sand, which can adsorb even finer impurities, pigments and odors. After pretreatment by the primary treatment module 9, the turbidity of the seawater is reduced and it flows into the raw water chamber 95 for storage. The capillary 22 extends into the raw water chamber 95 to absorb the water after the primary treatment, filtration and adsorption. The primary treatment module 9 can preliminarily purify the water source and prevent the bionic root and leaf capillaries of the water absorption and evaporation module 2 from being blocked by solid impurities and becoming ineffective; the filling materials in the flocculation chamber 93 and the adsorption chamber 94 can be replaced regularly to ensure the effect of the primary treatment of seawater.

[0088] Based on any of the above technical solutions and their combination, the water absorption and evaporation module 2 of the present invention further includes an active water absorption mechanism 23, combined with Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the active water absorption mechanism 23 includes a water absorption pump 231 and a water delivery pipe 232. The water delivery pipe 232 can extend into the water absorption evaporation layer 21. The water absorption pump 231 provides the water delivery pipe 232 with power to deliver water. The water absorption pump 231 is used to actively deliver water into the water absorption evaporation layer 21 through the water delivery pipe 232. The part of the water delivery pipe 232 located in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is provided with water seepage holes along the pipe. The water absorption pump 231 is set in seawater and can pump seawater through the water delivery pipe 232 to replenish the water absorption evaporation layer 21. When the evaporation amount of the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is low, water can be passively absorbed only through the capillary 22; when the evaporation amount of the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is high, the water absorption pump 231 can be turned on for additional active water delivery.

[0089] Specifically, combined Fig.10 As shown, the water delivery pipe 232 and the capillary tube 22 are alternately distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 to ensure the uniformity of water delivery. Because the water delivery amount of the capillary tube 22 is small, the position of the capillary tube 22 is higher than the water delivery pipe 232, and is closer to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 to absorb heat. The water delivery pipe 232 has a larger water delivery amount and a thicker pipe diameter, and can be relatively far away from the photovoltaic power generation module 1.

[0090] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions and their mutual combinations, the water storage module 5 is provided with a driving mechanism 52 and a photoreceptor 53. The photoreceptor 53 is located on the outside. The photoreceptor 53 can be installed on the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the refrigeration module 4 or the second thermoelectric module 7, and is located on the sunny side. The photoreceptor 53 is used to detect the direction of light. The driving mechanism 52 is used to drive the water storage module 5 to move so that the photovoltaic power generation module 1 faces the direction of light. The driving mechanism 52 can use a motor to drive the water storage module 5 to rotate, and then the photovoltaic power generation module 1 rotates synchronously, ensuring that it faces the direction of light at any time, thereby improving the utilization rate of light. It should be noted that the initial treatment module 9 can be fixed on the water storage module 5 to rotate synchronously, and the initial treatment module 9 can also remain fixed.

[0091] In summary, the present invention integrates and couples multiple functions in an integrated manner, and operates in coordination with each other, including photovoltaic power generation at one location, temperature difference power generation at two locations, salt difference power generation at two locations, and condensed water collected from seawater desalination. The water absorption and evaporation module 2 evaporates water vapor while cooling the photovoltaic power generation module 1 to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation (i.e., photovoltaic power generation and seawater desalination promote each other in a coordinated manner). After the water absorption and evaporation module 2 evaporates water vapor, the salt ion concentration therein rises, forming a salt ion concentration difference with seawater, and the first salt difference power generation module 3 can be used to realize salt difference power generation at one location (i.e., seawater desalination generates condensed water and salt difference power generation promotes each other in a coordinated manner). The high temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 forms a temperature difference with the low temperature of the seawater, and the first thermoelectric module 6 is used to realize temperature difference power generation at one location (i.e., photovoltaic power generation and temperature difference power generation promote each other in a coordinated manner). The refrigeration module 4 promotes the condensation of water vapor in a coordinated manner, and the low temperature of the refrigeration module 4 forms a temperature difference with the high temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the second thermoelectric module 7 is used to realize temperature difference power generation at one location (i.e., water vapor condensation and photovoltaic power generation promote each other in a coordinated manner). The condensed water collected by the water storage module 5 (including dew condensed outside at night and condensed water generated by condensation of water vapor) forms a salt ion concentration difference with seawater, and the second salt difference power generation module 8 can be used to realize salt difference power generation (that is, seawater desalination, condensed water collection and salt difference power generation promote each other synergistically). Photovoltaic power generation, temperature difference power generation, salt difference power generation, and seawater desalination are not played alone, but work together with other processes to form an organic whole.

[0092] The following is an introduction to the working process of some specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0093] Embodiment 1:

[0094] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the function to be achieved in this embodiment is to generate electricity efficiently during the day and take water from the air at night. Taking the application of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device in the seawater desalination scene and the environmental condition is sunny as an example, its specific operation mode is as follows:

[0095] In terms of a one-day cycle, in the presence of solar radiation (such as from 7 a.m. to around 7 p.m.), during the day, the device can achieve photovoltaic power generation at one location, temperature difference power generation at two locations, and salinity difference power generation at two locations. During the day, sunlight shines on the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and the photovoltaic power generation module 1 starts to work; the heat associated with the photovoltaic power generation process will be conducted to the upper surface of the water absorption evaporation layer 21. The decontaminated seawater after the primary treatment module 9 is stored in the raw water chamber 95. The seawater content in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is low. The bionic root and leaf capillaries 22 can drive the stored polluted seawater into the water absorption evaporation layer 21 through capillary action to diffuse. The root stem and leaf vein structure of the bionic plant will be conducive to the absorption of seawater and its diffusion in the water absorption evaporation layer 21. Under the action of photovoltaic waste heat, the seawater in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 begins to evaporate, and the latent heat of vaporization of water can take away the photovoltaic heat. The temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is reduced, the photoelectric efficiency is improved, and the power generation is increased. Since the photovoltaic waste heat heats the air, there is a temperature difference between the air inside and outside the water vapor flow channel 201, resulting in a density difference, which makes the air mass outside the flow channel greater than the air mass inside the flow channel, forming a gravity difference. This gravity pressure difference caused by the density difference caused by the air temperature difference is called the chimney effect. The evaporated fresh water vapor will flow from bottom to top under the action of the "chimney effect" generated by the photovoltaic waste heat, and will be blown to the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 in the inner cavity of the water storage module 5 through the breathable hydrophobic membrane 202; the water absorption evaporation layer 21 evaporates the fresh water and retains the salt to form high-concentration salt water. There is a concentration difference between the high-concentration salt water and the seawater, and salt difference power generation can be carried out with the seawater in the first salt difference power generation module 3; the exhaust port 501 is opened and the first drain port 502 is closed; due to the continuous passive cooling of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42, the temperature of the lower surface of the thermal conductive substrate 41 is lower than the dew point temperature of the water vapor in the water storage module 5, and the water vapor condenses and drips and is stored in the water storage module 5; at this time, there is a concentration difference between the fresh water and the seawater in the water storage module 5, and salt difference power generation can be carried out through the second salt difference power generation module 8, and the wastewater generated after the salt difference power generation can be discharged from the first drain port 502; the excess humid air is discharged through the exhaust port 501 to keep the air pressure in the water storage module 5 stable. When the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is working, the associated waste heat will be conducted to the upper edge of the first thermoelectric module 6 to form a hot end, and the seawater temperature will be conducted to the lower edge of the first thermoelectric module 6 to form a cold end. The first thermoelectric module 6 generates electricity driven by the temperature difference at both ends; when the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is working, the associated waste heat will be conducted to the lower edge of the second thermoelectric module 7 to form a hot end, and the refrigeration module 4 will conduct the cold to the upper edge of the second thermoelectric module 7 to form a cold end. The second thermoelectric module 7 generates electricity driven by the temperature difference at both ends.

[0096] At night (e.g., from 7 p.m. to about 7 a.m. the next day), the device can realize salt difference power generation at two locations and water intake from the air on the outer surface. The photovoltaic power generation module 1 stops working at night. At this time, the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 still stores a certain amount of high-concentration salt water, which performs salt difference power generation with seawater in the first salt difference power generation module 3; at this time, there is also a certain amount of fresh water in the water storage module 5, which performs salt difference power generation with seawater in the second salt difference power generation module 8 until the salt ion concentration is equal to that of seawater and stops working. The sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 can continuously exchange heat with the outer space to achieve a passive cooling effect. The surface glass cover of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 also has a certain sky radiation cooling performance (the emissivity of the glass is about 0.8). The outer surface temperature of the device is lower than the ambient dew point temperature, and the water molecules in the air can be condensed to form water droplets on the outer surface. The water droplets slide down under the gravity of the inclined outer surface. At this time, fresh water can be collected on the outer surface of the device.

[0097] Embodiment 2:

[0098] refer to Figure 4 , in the area of ​​embodiment 1, the water storage module 5 is not provided with the second salt difference power generation module 8, and the fresh water collected by the water storage module 5 during the day will no longer be used for salt difference power generation. And the air-permeable hydrophobic membrane 202 is replaced with a drip eave 43, which can reduce the local resistance of water vapor entering the inner cavity of the water storage module 5 from the water vapor flow channel 201, and is suitable for use under the working condition of low pressure difference between the water vapor flow channel 201 and the inner cavity of the water storage module 5.

[0099] Embodiment 3:

[0100] refer to Figure 6 , taking the device applied in the seawater desalination scene and the environmental condition is sunny as an example, its specific operation mode is as follows:

[0101] In terms of a day's cycle, when there is solar radiation (e.g., from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.), the photovoltaic device irradiates the photovoltaic power generation module 1 with sunlight. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation module 1 starts to work, and the photoreceptor 53 senses the direction of light in real time and adjusts the driving mechanism 52 to follow the light and rotate to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation module 1 always faces the sun, thereby ensuring the maximum power generation. The heat generated during the photovoltaic power generation process will be transferred to the upper surface of the water absorption and evaporation layer 21. The decontaminated seawater after the initial treatment module 9 is stored in the raw water chamber 95. The seawater content in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 is low. The bionic root and leaf capillaries 22 can drive the stored contaminated seawater to enter the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 through capillary action to diffuse. The root stem and leaf vein structure of the bionic plant will be conducive to the absorption of seawater and its diffusion in the water absorption and evaporation layer 21. In the period of strong solar radiation, the evaporation amount is greater than the capillary water replenishment amount. At this time, the water absorption pump 231 is started to pump the decontaminated seawater through the water delivery pipe 232 into the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 for diffusion, so as to match the real-time evaporation rate to meet the required water replenishment amount. Under the effect of photovoltaic waste heat, the seawater in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 begins to evaporate, and the latent heat of vaporization of water can take away the photovoltaic heat, the photovoltaic temperature is reduced, the photovoltaic efficiency is improved, and the power generation is increased. During the evaporation process, the electric fan 203 starts to work synchronously, and the evaporated fresh water vapor will be blown to the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 of the water storage module 5 through the breathable hydrophobic membrane 202 under the action of the fan; the water absorption evaporation layer 21 evaporates fresh water and retains salt to form high-concentration salt water, and performs salt difference power generation with seawater in the first salt difference power generation module 3, the exhaust port 501 is opened, the first drain port 502 is closed, and the second thermoelectric module 7 is closed; due to the continuous passive cooling of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42, the temperature of the lower surface of the refrigeration module 4 is lower than the dew point temperature of the water vapor in the water storage module 5, the water vapor condenses and drips and is stored in the water storage module 5, and fresh water can be taken from the first drain port 502; the excess humid air is discharged through the exhaust port 501 to keep the air pressure in the water storage module 5 stable. After a certain amount of fresh water is collected in the water storage module 5, the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can be opened to distribute a preset amount of fresh water into the salt difference power generation chamber below. The fresh water generates electricity with the seawater salt difference in the second salt difference power generation module 8. After power generation, the fresh water in the salt difference power generation chamber becomes salt water with the same salt concentration as seawater and is discharged through the second drain port 503. When the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is working, the associated waste heat will be conducted to the upper end of the first thermoelectric module 6 to form a hot end, and the seawater temperature will be conducted to the lower end of the first thermoelectric module 6 to form a cold end. The first thermoelectric module 6 generates electricity driven by the temperature difference at both ends; when the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is working, the associated waste heat will be conducted to the lower end of the second thermoelectric module 7 to form a hot end, and the refrigeration module 4 will conduct cold energy to the upper end of the second thermoelectric module 7 to form a cold end. The second thermoelectric module 7 generates electricity driven by the temperature difference at both ends.

[0102] At night (e.g., from 7 p.m. to about 7 a.m. the next day), the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the electric fan 203, the photoreceptor 53, and the driving mechanism 52 stop working. At this time, the water absorption evaporation layer 21 still stores a certain amount of high-concentration salt water, and performs salt difference power generation with seawater in the first salt difference power generation module 3 until the salt ion concentration is equal to the seawater and stops working. The sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 continues passive cooling, and the outer surface temperature is lower than the ambient dew point temperature, which can condense water molecules in the air to form water droplets on the outer surface, and the water droplets slide down under the gravity of the inclined outer surface; at this time, the second thermoelectric module 7 is turned on, and the water droplets will slide into the fresh water chamber in the water storage module 5. If there is a demand for power generation at night, the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 can also be turned on to control a preset amount of fresh water to enter the salt difference power generation chamber, and the second salt difference power generation module 8 performs salt difference power generation with seawater. After power generation, the fresh water in the salt difference power generation chamber becomes salt water with the same salt concentration as seawater, and is discharged through the second drain port 503.

[0103] It is worth noting that the level of fresh water entering the salt difference power generation chamber needs to be controlled to be lower than the lower surface of the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 to prevent wastewater after power generation from contaminating the two-chamber partition mechanism 51, and then prevent it from contaminating the fresh water in the fresh water chamber when it is opened.

[0104] The device can be equipped with a control module; the control module can arrange the priorities of freshwater production and salinity difference power generation according to the actual conditions such as local climate and power generation; if it is in a region with scarce freshwater, freshwater production can be used as a high-priority working mode, and freshwater production can be given priority when freshwater production is low; if it is in a region with abundant freshwater or power shortage, salinity difference power generation can be used as a high-priority working mode, and salinity difference power generation can be given priority when freshwater production is low;

[0105] In addition, an active cooling module can be configured on the thermal conductive substrate 41. When the amount of evaporated water vapor is large, photovoltaic power is used for active cooling. At the same time, the thermal conductive substrate 41 quickly conducts cold, and the active cooling module and the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 simultaneously provide cold energy to condense more water vapor to produce fresh water.

[0106] In addition, the photovoltaic power generation module 1 can be replaced with a photothermal panel, and power can be supplied to the electrical appliances installed in the device through the power grid.

[0107] Among them, due to the large fluctuation of solar radiation, it is not suitable to be used as a criterion for mode switching alone. The photovoltaic panel itself has heat capacity, and the temperature change is relatively stable and not drastic. Therefore, the control module of this device chooses to use a more reasonable solar radiation intensity and the temperature level of the photovoltaic power generation module as the working mode switching criterion: a high photovoltaic panel temperature is equivalent to a high evaporation rate, and a low photovoltaic panel temperature is the same. The upper and lower limit thresholds can also be set for mode switching to prevent frequent start and stop.

[0108] Combination Figure 6In the embodiment shown, according to different environmental conditions resulting in different temperature levels of the photovoltaic panel 1, the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device mainly includes the following four working modes:

[0109] The first working mode: under high solar radiation intensity, the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is relatively high; at this time, the water suction pump 231 and the electric fan 203 are in a high-speed working state, the second thermoelectric module 7 with a shutter structure is closed, the exhaust port 501 is opened, and the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is opened; the first thermoelectric module 6, the second thermoelectric module 7, the first salt difference power generation module 3, and the second thermoelectric module 7 are working.

[0110] The photovoltaic power generation module 1 generates a large amount of photoelectric conversion waste heat. At this time, the bionic root and leaf capillaries 22 and the water absorption pump 231 simultaneously provide seawater for the water absorption evaporation layer 21. The electric fan 203 transports the fresh water vapor on the surface of the water absorption evaporation layer 21 to the lower surface of the thermal conductive substrate 41 through the breathable hydrophobic membrane 202. Due to the cooling of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42, the temperature of the thermal conductive substrate 41 is reduced to below the water vapor condensation point. When the fresh water vapor passes through the lower surface of the thermal conductive substrate 41, it liquefies into fresh water droplets and falls to the water storage module 5. Due to the high intensity of solar radiation and the abundant photoelectric conversion waste heat, the evaporation rate of seawater and the rate of fresh water vapor generation in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 are high, and the fresh water output is high. The two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is opened, the first drain port 502 and the second drain port 503 are closed. When the fresh water is full, the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is closed, and the fresh water chamber above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 continues to store fresh water; the fresh water below the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 generates electricity with the seawater salinity difference in the second salt difference power generation module 8; when the power generation power is lower than a certain value, the second drain port 503 is opened to discharge the salt water, and after the discharge, the second drain port 503 is closed, and the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is opened to fill with fresh water and repeat the above process. When there is a demand for fresh water, the first drain port 502 is opened to discharge fresh water, and remains closed at other times. The exhaust port 501 automatically opens and closes according to the real-time air pressure in the fresh water chamber above the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 to ensure the stability of the pressure in the fresh water chamber.

[0111] The driving mechanism 52 rotates to track the illumination angle, ensuring the best solar receiving angle to increase the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. At the same time, evaporative cooling takes away the waste heat of photoelectric conversion and reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The combination of the two improves the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. At the same time, the first thermoelectric module 6 uses photovoltaic waste heat as a heat source and seawater as a cold source to perform temperature difference power generation; the second thermoelectric module 7 uses photovoltaic waste heat as a heat source and sky radiation cold energy as a cold source to perform temperature difference power generation; the first salt difference power generation module 3 uses the concentration difference between the high concentration water and seawater generated by evaporation in the water absorption evaporation layer 21 as a driving force to generate electricity; the second salt difference power generation module 8 uses the concentration difference between fresh water and seawater as a driving force to generate electricity. The combination of the five greatly increases the power generation of the system. The electric fan 203, the water suction pump 231 and the driving mechanism 52 are all directly driven by the electric energy generated by the system, and the excess electric energy is stored in the battery 55.

[0112] The water supply speed of the water suction pump 231 and the rotation speed of the electric fan 203 are both proportional to the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1. When the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 increases, the evaporation rate of the water absorption evaporation layer 21 increases, and the required amount of water increases. Therefore, the water supply speed of the water suction pump 231 increases, and at the same time, the cooling effect of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is further improved to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The increase in evaporation rate means that the fresh water vapor generation rate is high. In order to fully utilize the fresh water vapor to produce fresh water while avoiding the retention of steam to weaken the evaporation cooling rate, the rotation speed of the electric fan 203 is accelerated, and the fresh water production rate is increased.

[0113] Second working mode: Under moderate solar radiation, the water absorption pump 231 is selectively started and stopped according to the temperature of the specific photovoltaic power generation module 1, the water supply of the water absorption evaporation layer 21 is provided by the bionic root capillary 22, the electric fan 203 is in a medium-speed working state, the second thermoelectric module 7 with a shutter structure is closed, the exhaust port 501 is opened, and the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is opened; the first thermoelectric module 6, the second thermoelectric module 7, and the first salt difference power generation module 3 work, and the working principle is the same as above. The second salt difference power generation module 8 works selectively, and the start and stop of the work is controlled by the control module. The basis for judging whether it works is the fresh water production in the fresh water chamber: the mode of salt difference power generation and fresh water discharge can be specifically selected to be carried out with a higher priority. If the fresh water production is sufficient, concentration difference power generation and fresh water production can be carried out at the same time.

[0114] The third working mode: under low solar radiation conditions, the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is low, the water absorption pump 231 is turned off, the water supply of the water absorption and evaporation layer 21 is provided by the bionic root capillary 22, the electric fan 203 is in a low-speed working state, the second thermoelectric module 7 with a shutter structure is turned off, the exhaust port 501 is opened, and the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 is closed; the first thermoelectric module 6, the second thermoelectric module 7, and the first salt difference power generation module 3 are working. Under low solar radiation intensity, the freshwater production is small, and freshwater production and salt difference power generation are selected according to the priority setting. The second salt difference power generation module 8 works selectively, and the start and stop of the work are controlled by the control module. The mode of salt difference power generation and freshwater discharge can select the one with higher priority according to the specific freshwater production.

[0115] The fourth working mode: in the absence of solar radiation, the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is equal to the ambient temperature, the water suction pump 231, the electric fan 203, the exhaust port 501, the first drain port 502, the second drain port 503, and the two-chamber partition mechanism 51 are closed, and the second thermoelectric module 7 with a shutter structure is turned on; the second thermoelectric module 7 works. Since the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 can passively and continuously cool the heat-conducting substrate 41, the temperature of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 is lower than the ambient temperature, and both the cold and hot ends can be formed on the second thermoelectric module 7 for power generation, and the air can be used to take water. The water vapor in the air is condensed into liquid on the outer surface of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42, and enters the fresh water room through the opened second thermoelectric module 7 along the slope under the action of gravity. In this mode, the fresh water production is small, and the fresh water production and salt difference power generation are selected according to the priority setting. The second salt difference power generation module 8 works selectively, and the start and stop of the work are controlled by the control module. The mode of salt difference power generation and fresh water discharge can select the one with higher priority according to the specific fresh water production.

[0116] Embodiment 4:

[0117] Please refer to the structure Figure 5 , is a structural cross-sectional view of an eight-shaped passive freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device provided by the present application. Compared with the right-angled trapezoidal structure in Example 1 and Example 2, the eight-shaped structure provided in this embodiment changes the orientation of the refrigeration module 4, so that its front direction is opposite to the front direction of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, ensuring that when the photovoltaic power generation module 1 faces the sun to obtain the maximum photoelectric conversion benefit, the refrigeration module 4 can be on the back side to reduce the impact of solar radiation on the passive refrigeration effect. And compared with Example 1 and Example 2, the design of this embodiment reduces the height of the device.

[0118] This embodiment can also be modified into a photovoltaic device that generates electricity efficiently during the day and draws water from the air at night, or a photovoltaic device that produces fresh water and electricity throughout the day, according to the requirements of the regional environment and work performance.

[0119] Embodiment 5:

[0120] Please refer to the structure Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of another active-passive combined freshwater-electricity photovoltaic device provided in this application. Figure 3 The right-angled trapezoidal structure in the embodiment changes the orientation of the cooling module 4, so that the front direction of the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 is opposite to the front direction of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, ensuring that when the photovoltaic power generation module 1 faces the sun to obtain the maximum photoelectric conversion benefit, the sky radiation cooling module can be on the back side to reduce the impact of solar radiation on the passive cooling effect. And compared to Figure 3 As shown in the structure, the design of this embodiment reduces the height of the device.

[0121] Functionally, the electric fan 203 of the device can blow directly to the inner surface of the refrigeration module 4, so that the refrigeration module 4 is instantly exposed to more water vapor, and a better air water collection effect can be obtained. The water droplets condensed on the inner surface of the sky radiation refrigeration module flow downward along the inclined direction of the heat conductive substrate 41, reducing the impact of the water droplets on the air permeability when flowing through the surface of the air permeable hydrophobic membrane 202. The specific working principle and working mode of this embodiment can be used with reference to the detailed description in Example 3.

[0122] Another eight-shaped structure device provided in this embodiment can be applied in large-scale arrays. Figure 8 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of an array application of a photovoltaic device for freshwater-electricity cogeneration in an eight-shaped active and passive combination in this application; the eight-shaped structure device can be arranged in multiple front and back arrangements, and the height difference between the front and rear devices can be adjusted according to the solar radiation incident angle to ensure that the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 can reflect sunlight to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 of the rear device to the maximum extent, and form a device array according to the above arrangement; during the day, the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 of the front device can reflect sunlight to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 of the rear device, increasing the photovoltaic power generation of the rear device, and at the same time, it will also increase the waste heat production of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 of the rear device, thereby increasing the evaporation of fresh water, and then increasing the fresh water production. The refrigeration module 4 can process reflected sunlight and condensed water in parallel, which improves the reliability of the device.

[0123] In this embodiment, an open external fresh water tank 54 is extended outside the first drain port 502, which is protected by the water storage module 5 as the bottom and the surroundings, and is not covered on the top; this arrangement is to collect fresh water droplets that slide down when the sky radiation passive cooling coating 42 takes water from the air when the device is in the fourth working mode. And because the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the cooling module 4 are in opposite directions, the second thermoelectric module 7 is only used when there is solar radiation, and the photovoltaic waste heat and sky radiation cooling form cold and hot ends at both ends of the second thermoelectric module 7 to generate electricity.

[0124] Taking the application in seawater desalination as an example, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects:

[0125] (1) The present invention innovatively provides a multi-source power generation device that utilizes photovoltaic waste heat, sky radiation cooling energy, and seawater to increase photovoltaic power generation and to supplement electricity through salt difference and temperature difference power generation. Photovoltaic waste heat is effectively utilized to evaporate seawater to cool photovoltaic panels to increase power generation. The temperature difference between the photovoltaic panel waste heat and the low-temperature seawater and sky radiation cooling module can be used for power generation. The high-concentration salt water after evaporation and the fresh water after condensation both have a concentration difference with ordinary seawater, which can be used for salt difference power generation. The above-mentioned temperature difference and salt difference power generation technology is combined with photovoltaic power generation technology to increase the power generation of the system. In addition, the present invention utilizes photovoltaic waste heat and sky radiation cooling to desalinate seawater. During the day, the waste heat from the photoelectric conversion process is used to evaporate seawater to produce freshwater vapor, and the sky radiation cooling energy is used to condense the high-temperature freshwater vapor into liquid storage for freshwater supply or salt difference power generation; at night, the sky radiation cooling energy is used to draw water from the air to achieve efficient and passive freshwater production.

[0126] (2) The present invention innovatively creates a sterilization environment passively. During the process of evaporating seawater with photovoltaic waste heat, an alkaline, high-temperature, and high-salt concentration environment is created in the alkaline water absorption evaporation layer, which is not conducive to the survival of microorganisms, achieving passive sterilization and ensuring the cleanliness of fresh water. The bionic root and leaf capillaries use capillary action to simulate the absorption of water by plant roots and stems and the diffusion of leaf veins to achieve passive water replenishment, reducing the energy consumption of water replenishment; at the same time, the photosensitive module automatically controls the photovoltaic rotation position and the operation of the water pump in real time by sensing solar radiation, ensuring the real-time maximum photoelectric efficiency while achieving active and passive water replenishment at the same time to match the real-time evaporation demand of seawater.

[0127] (3) The present invention innovatively proposes an array application scheme, which can realize the large-scale application of the device of the present invention to achieve sufficient electricity and fresh water supply. The present invention provides an eight-shaped freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, which can be arranged in multiple positions to form a device array; during the day, the sky radiation cooling module of the front device can reflect sunlight to the photovoltaic panel of the rear device, increasing the photovoltaic power generation of the rear device, and at the same time will increase the waste heat production of the photovoltaic panel of the rear device, thereby increasing the evaporation of fresh water and further increasing the fresh water production. The sky radiation cooling module can process reflected sunlight and condensed water in parallel, improving the reliability of the device.

[0128] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device, characterized in that: include: A photovoltaic power generation module (1) is used to receive light and generate electricity; A water absorption and evaporation module (2) comprises a water absorption and evaporation layer (21) and a capillary tube (22), wherein the water absorption and evaporation layer (21) is installed on the backlight surface of the photovoltaic power generation module (1); the capillary tube (22) is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer (21), and the water absorption end of the capillary tube (22) can extend into the water to be treated so as to supply water to the water absorption and evaporation layer (21), and is evenly distributed on the water absorption and evaporation layer (21); a water vapor flow channel (201) is arranged on the lower surface of the water absorption and evaporation module (2); and the upper surface of the water vapor flow channel (201) is surrounded by the water absorption and evaporation module (2); A first salt difference power generation module (3) is installed on the water absorption and evaporation layer (21), and a portion of the module can extend into the water to be treated; A water storage module (5) is used to support the photovoltaic power generation module (1) and the water absorption and evaporation module (2) and to store water; the water storage module (5) is provided with an exhaust port (501) for gas to pass through and a first drain port (502) for liquid to pass through; The water absorption and evaporation layer (21) receives the heat of the photovoltaic power generation module (1) to achieve water evaporation, and cools the photovoltaic power generation module (1); the evaporated water vapor enters the inner cavity of the water storage module (5) through the water vapor flow channel (201), and the condensed water is stored in the water storage module (5); the concentrated water is generated in the water absorption and evaporation module (2) due to evaporation, so that the first salt difference power generation module (3) achieves salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration; It also includes a refrigeration module (4) installed on the water storage module (5), the refrigeration module (4) is connected to the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), the refrigeration module (4) includes a heat-conducting substrate (41) and a sky radiation passive refrigeration coating (42), and the sky radiation passive refrigeration coating (42) can achieve passive continuous refrigeration below the ambient temperature under solar radiation conditions; A second thermoelectric module (7) is arranged between the refrigeration module (4) and the photovoltaic power generation module (1), so that the second thermoelectric module (7) can generate power by temperature difference due to the temperature difference.

2. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation module (1) is equipped with a first thermoelectric module (6), and the first thermoelectric module (6) is capable of contacting the water to be treated, so that the first thermoelectric module (6) can generate electricity by temperature difference due to the temperature difference.

3. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration module (4) is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel (201); The extension trend of the refrigeration module (4) is the same as the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), so that condensed water condensed on the back side of the refrigeration module (4) flows towards the photovoltaic power generation module (1).

4. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a breathable and hydrophobic membrane (202) covering the outlet of the water vapor flow channel (201), or a drip eave (43) installed on the lower surface of the refrigeration module (4); The air-permeable and hydrophobic membrane (202) can allow water vapor to pass through and guide condensed water to drip downwards; The dripping eaves (43) are used to guide the condensed water to drip downwards; And / or, an electric fan (203) for accelerating the flow of water vapor is provided in the water vapor flow channel (201).

5. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second thermoelectric module (7) comprises a thermoelectric layer (71), a clamping rotating member (72), and a fixing member (73), wherein the fixing member (73) is used to provide support, the clamping rotating member (72) is installed at both ends of the thermoelectric layer (71), and the thermoelectric layer (71) is installed on the fixing member (73); The clamping rotating member (72) can drive the thermoelectric layer (71) to flip open or close, so that condensed water generated on the front side of the refrigeration module (4) falls into the water storage module (5).

6. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration module (4) is used to cool and condense the water vapor flowing out of the water vapor flow channel (201); The extension trend of the refrigeration module (4) is opposite to the extension trend of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), so that condensed water condensed on the back of the refrigeration module (4) flows in a direction away from the photovoltaic power generation module (1); And / or, an external fresh water tank (54) is provided on the water storage module (5) for receiving condensed water sliding off the outer surface of the refrigeration module (4); When the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices are arranged in an array, the refrigeration module (4) of one of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices can reflect light to the photovoltaic power generation module (1) of another of the freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic devices.

7. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second salt difference power generation module (8) is arranged on the bottom surface of the water storage module (5); the bottom surface of the second salt difference power generation module (8) is immersed in seawater, and the top surface contacts fresh water; the second salt difference power generation module (8) realizes salt difference power generation due to the difference in ion concentration; Wherein, the first drain port (502) is used to discharge the salt water after the salt difference power generation; And / or, the water storage module (5) comprises a two-chamber partition mechanism (51) arranged in its inner cavity, the two-chamber partition mechanism (51) is used to separate the inner cavity of the water storage module (5) into two independent cavities, and can control whether the two cavities are connected to each other, so as to provide condensed water to the cavity below; The first drain port (502) is located above the two-chamber partition mechanism (51) and is used to discharge condensed water; a second drain port (503) is provided below the two-chamber partition mechanism (51) and is used to discharge salt water after salt difference power generation; While the second salt difference power generation module (8) realizes salt difference power generation due to the ion concentration difference, condensed water above the two-chamber partition mechanism (51) can be collected.

8. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a primary treatment module (9) immersed in the water to be treated, the primary treatment module (9) including an outer cover (91), on which a grid (92), a flocculation chamber (93), an adsorption chamber (94), and a raw water chamber (95) are sequentially arranged according to the inflow direction of the water to be treated; The capillary tube (22) extends into the raw water chamber (95) to absorb the water after the initial treatment; A sedimentation chamber (96) is provided at the bottom of the outer cover (91) for receiving fallen impurities and is detachable.

9. The freshwater-electricity cogeneration photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The water absorption and evaporation module (2) further comprises an active water absorption mechanism (23), wherein the active water absorption mechanism (23) comprises a water absorption pump (231) and a water delivery pipe (232), and the water absorption pump (231) is used to actively deliver water into the water absorption and evaporation layer (21) through the water delivery pipe (232); The water delivery pipe (232) and the capillary tube (22) are alternately and staggeredly distributed in the water absorption and evaporation layer (21); the capillary tube (22) is located at a position higher than the water delivery pipe (232); And / or, the water storage module (5) is provided with a driving mechanism (52) and a photoreceptor (53), wherein the photoreceptor (53) is used to detect the direction of light; and the driving mechanism (52) is used to drive the water storage module (5) to move so that the photovoltaic power generation module (1) faces the direction of light irradiation.

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