A selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for Cardamine viola

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for Cardamine violae in a facility, belonging to the field of agricultural production technology. The method comprises the following steps: (1) after soaking the seeds, draining the water, wrapping them with gauze, placing them in a temperature-controlled and light-controlled greenhouse for germination, and sowing them in a seedling tray after they turn white; (2) conventional water management is performed on the seedling tray, and the Cardamine violae is transplanted on the spot when it grows to 4-8 leaves. After transplanting, the greenhouse needs to perform water and fertilizer management, light and temperature management, and pest and disease control; (3) after the growth of Cardamine violae is restored, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are regularly applied in appropriate amounts from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage, and selenium nutrition is enhanced by spraying amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer on the leaves; (4) the aboveground plants are harvested at the early flowering stage. The seedling raising method of the present invention is simple, the emergence rate of Cardamine violae is as high as 98%, and the fresh weight yield per mu can reach 1832.4 kg; the selenium content of the aboveground dry sample can reach 530 mg / kg through selenium nutrition enhancement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular to a method for cultivating Cardamine viola in a facility with high selenium content and high yield. Background Art

[0002] Cardamine violae is a selenium hyperaccumulator unique to my country. Research has shown that its selenium is primarily in the form of organic selenium, making it a high-quality raw material for selenoproteins. Under natural conditions, Cardamine violae suffers from low seed germination rates, low aboveground yields, and plant selenium content limited by soil selenium levels, severely restricting the cultivation and application of this specialty crop. To address these issues, several researchers have developed methods for raising seedlings, cultivating Cardamine violae, and cultivating selenium-enriched Cardamine violae.

[0003] At present, there are some invention patents that are close to the present invention. In 2013, Enshi Qingjiang Bioengineering Co., Ltd. invented "A seed seedling raising method for Cardamine viola (application (patent) number: CN201310392712.8)". This method uses a prepared nutrient solution to soak the matrix to break the seed dormancy, maintain the water holding capacity of the matrix at 60-90%, control the average daily temperature of the seedbed where the matrix is ​​located to 15-22 ° C and the temperature difference between day and night is greater than 10 ° C, and at the same time control the light intensity of the seedbed to 500-1000lx. After that, the nutrient solution is replaced every 7 days, so that the seeds germinate in 5-7 days and become seedlings in 20-25 days. The nutrient solution preparation of this method is complicated and the culture solution needs to be replaced every 7 days. It is time-consuming and labor-intensive and has certain technical requirements for the operator. It does not involve selenium nutritional enhancement of Cardamine viola.

[0004] In 2024, Cangzhou Yipinjia Food Co., Ltd. invented "A large-scale cultivation method of Cardamine violae, publication number: CN202410206663.2". This method uses 37-44℃ warm water to soak the seeds and then places the seeds in a cool, backlit place at 22-27℃ for germination. After germination for 3 days, the seeds are transferred to a 25-28℃ insulation shed and covered with 2-3cm of fertile soil. After 3-5 true leaves grow, they are transplanted into the field. This method cannot control the light and temperature of Cardamine violae in the field. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, the Cardamine violae will lose water and wilt, resulting in a reduction in yield. When the high temperature and high light intensity continue, the entire Cardamine violae plant may die and produce no results. Therefore, the yield of this method is relatively low, only 287kg / mu. In addition, this method does not describe in detail the application amount of selenoprotein fertilizer and the selenium nutrition enhancement effect of Cardamine violae, and its contribution to the selenium-enriched cultivation of Cardamine violae is limited.

[0005] In 2020, Enshi Deyuan Health Technology Development Co., Ltd. applied for "A method for selenium-rich cultivation of Cardamine violaceae, public: CN202011020826.6". This method adopts hydroponic cultivation, adds sodium selenate to the improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and replaces the nutrient solution every 10 days to keep the selenium concentration at 0.25-64mg / L, and finally produces selenium-rich Cardamine violaceae. This method uses highly toxic sodium selenate as a selenium source, which poses a risk to human health and safety during planting, and the discarded nutrient solution contains sodium selenate, which poses a risk of environmental pollution and has high technical requirements for agricultural producers. In addition, the cost of hydroponic cultivation of Cardamine violaceae using the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is relatively high, and it cannot be promoted and applied on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich and high-yield cultivation method for Cardamine violae in a facility environment, so as to solve the problems of low seed germination rate, low aboveground yield and low selenium content in plants during the planting and promotion process of traditional Cardamine violae cultivation methods.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for cultivating Cardamine viola in a selenium-rich and high-yield facility, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) After soaking the seeds, drain the water and wrap them with gauze, place them in a temperature-controlled and light-controlled greenhouse environment for germination, sow them in seedling trays after they turn white, and transplant them when the Cardamine violet leaves grow to 4-8 leaves, and carry out fertilizer and water management, light and temperature management, and pest and disease control;

[0010] (2) Spray amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage of Cardamine viola;

[0011] (3) During the early flowering period, harvest the aboveground parts of the plants.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0013] The present invention provides a high-yield, selenium-rich cultivation method for Cardamine violae in a greenhouse. The method is simple, utilizing a greenhouse to ensure the safety of selenium-rich cultivation of Cardamine violae. By controlling the light, temperature, and moisture in the greenhouse to provide optimal growth conditions for Cardamine violae, the seedling raising method is simple, the emergence rate is high, and the seedlings emerge uniformly, with an emergence rate of up to 98%. By setting appropriate plant spacing, the yield of Cardamine violae per mu can reach 1832.4 kg. After selenium nutrition fortification, the selenium content of dry leaf samples can reach 530 mg / kg. Cardamine violae cultivated using this method has the characteristics of high yield and high selenium content. The method adopts on-site transplanting, is simple to operate, low in cost, and high in efficiency. It solves the problems of low seed germination rate, low aboveground yield, and low plant selenium content in the process of Cardamine violae cultivation and promotion, and has broad prospects for promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 This is the emergence situation of Cardamine violacea.

[0016] Figure 2 The row spacing is 25 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm. The picture is shown one month after transplanting.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of selenium-rich Cardamine in facilities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any intermediate value within a stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range is also encompassed by the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present invention. The present description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0022] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in the present invention are all conventional solutions in the field, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating Cardamine viola in a greenhouse with high selenium content and high yield, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) After soaking the seeds, drain the water and wrap them with gauze, place them in a temperature-controlled and light-controlled greenhouse environment for germination, sow them in seedling trays after they turn white, and transplant them when the Cardamine violet leaves grow to 4-8 leaves, and carry out fertilizer and water management, light and temperature management, and pest and disease control;

[0026] (2) Spray amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage of Cardamine viola;

[0027] (3) During the early flowering period, harvest the aboveground parts of the plants.

[0028] In some specific embodiments, the conditions for raising seedlings include: a temperature of 25±5°C, a light intensity of 500-2000 lx;

[0029] The transplanting method is as follows: the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25 cm.

[0030] In some specific embodiments, the method of fertilizer and water management is: apply base fertilizer before transplanting, start topdressing on the 10th to 15th day after transplanting, and apply topdressing once a month.

[0031] In some specific implementation plans, the method of applying base fertilizer is: applying 1500-2000 kg of fermented chicken manure and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer with a nutrient content of 18-18-18 per mu; the method of topdressing is: applying 1-3 kg of urea and 3-5 kg ​​of compound fertilizer per mu, dissolving the fertilizer in water and applying it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system.

[0032] In some specific implementation schemes, the method of light and temperature management is as follows: when the temperature in the greenhouse is 15-30°C, open the screens on both sides for ventilation to control the temperature in the greenhouse within 30°C; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30°C, cover the outside of the greenhouse with a sunshade net, open the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse, and control the temperature in the greenhouse within 30°C; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 15°C, close the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse, and control the temperature in the greenhouse above 0°C to prevent frostbite of the Cardamine viola seedlings.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the pest control method is: control through insect-proof nets or pesticides; the pesticide control method includes: using 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon solution to control flea beetles, and using 1500 times of 1.8% abamectin and 2.5% trichlorfon solution to control small monkey leafworms.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the method of spraying amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer is: based on the content of selenium, spraying 10,000 to 20,000 mg per mu, for a total of 7 sprayings, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between each spraying.

[0035] Existing related technologies mainly focus on three aspects: Cardamine viola seedling cultivation, cultivation, and selenium enrichment. For seedling cultivation, existing patented technologies primarily use nutrient solutions and other methods to break seed dormancy and accelerate seed germination. The seedling cultivation process is often carried out in laboratories or greenhouses, with insufficient attention paid to key conditions such as seed germination temperature and moisture. Furthermore, transportation is required before transplanting, increasing labor and costs and reducing production efficiency to a certain extent. For cultivation and selenium enrichment, existing patented technologies mostly use inorganic selenium sources through hydroponics. This has high planting costs and complex technology, as well as the risk of environmental pollution, making it difficult to promote. The present invention utilizes greenhouse facilities to control the light, temperature and moisture conditions for the growth and development of Cardamine violaceae, thereby providing suitable conditions for the germination, growth and selenium enrichment of Cardamine violaceae. The seedlings can be transplanted immediately after they are formed, thereby reducing the planting cost while increasing the seed germination rate, per-acre yield and plant selenium content. This effectively solves the problems of low seed germination rate, low above-ground yield and low plant selenium content in the planting of Cardamine violaceae, and provides high-yield and high-quality selenium-rich raw materials for selenium-enriched processing enterprises.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention were carried out in an ecological selenium-rich base in Dongjia Town, Fengcheng City, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province.

[0037] The amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer used in the present invention was purchased from Suzhou Selenium Valley Technology Co., Ltd.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] 1. Seedling cultivation: Start raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the end of September. Wrap the seeds with gauze and soak them in warm water at 25-35℃. After soaking for 12 hours, drain the water, wrap them in plastic bags and place them in a greenhouse with light and temperature control and sprinkler irrigation. Control the greenhouse temperature to 25±5℃ and the light intensity to 500-2000lx. Keep the gauze moist during the seedling cultivation process. The germination rate is 5% after 48 hours, 50% after 96 hours, and 95% after 168 hours. Sow the germinated seeds into the seedling tray with tweezers. After 6 days, 98% of the seeds have grown cotyledons, and the seedlings are neatly emerged. Figure 1 .

[0040] 2 Transplanting: In early November, when the outdoor temperature dropped to around 25℃ and the Cardamine violae grew to 4-8 leaves, it was transplanted. The row spacing was 25 cm, and the plant spacing was 50 cm, 35 cm and 20 cm. The yield of Cardamine violae at different plant spacings is shown in Table 1.

[0041] 3. Fertilizer and water management: Apply 2,000 kg of composted chicken manure and 40 kg of compound fertilizer with an 18-18-18 nutrient content per mu as base fertilizer, mixing it evenly with the soil using a rotary tiller. Topdressing should begin 10 days after transplanting and continue once a month, applying 2 kg of urea and 4 kg of compound fertilizer per mu using an integrated water and fertilizer system.

[0042] 4. Light and temperature management: When the temperature in the greenhouse is 15-30℃, open the screens on both sides for ventilation and control the room temperature within 30℃; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30℃, cover the outside of the greenhouse with a shade net, open the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse, and control the room temperature within 30℃; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 15℃, close the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse, and control the temperature above 0℃ to prevent frostbite of the Cardamine seedlings.

[0043] Selenium Nutritional Enhancement: From the seedling stage to the early flowering stage of Cardamine violacea, apply 15,000 mg of selenium per acre in the form of an amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer, divided into 7 sprayings for a total of 7 times, with each spraying interval of 7-10 days. Foliar application of selenium should be completed before 10:00 a.m. or after 4:00 p.m. on cloudy or sunny days. Use a sprayer to evenly spray both sides of the leaves, ideally without dripping. If it rains within 4 hours of application, re-spray. Do not mix with alkaline pesticides or fertilizers. Stop selenium application 20 days before harvest.

[0044] In the second year, after the seventh selenium nutrition fortification, samples were taken to test the selenium content of the plants, and the results are shown in Table 2. The results showed that the selenium content of transplanted Cardamine violae under selenium fertilizer treatment was 530 mg / kg, which was greater than 100 mg / kg.

[0045] At the same time, a control group without selenium nutrition fortification was set up, and the selenium content of Cardamine violae was measured. As shown in Table 2, the selenium content was less than 1 mg / kg.

[0046] 6. Pest and disease control: 1. Use insect-proof nets; 2. Chemical control: Use 1000 times diluted 90% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane to control flea beetles, and use 1500 times diluted 1.8% abamectin + 2.5% trichlorfon compound to control small monkey leafworms.

[0047] 7. Harvesting: The plant biomass is the largest during the peak flowering period, and the above-ground part of the plant is cut with a sickle.

[0048] Result analysis:

[0049] Table 1 Yield of Cardamine violacea at different plant spacings

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Note: The underground fibrous roots of Cardamine violae are mostly attached to the soil, which makes manual cleaning slow, so only the aboveground fresh weight is measured.

[0053] The results showed that the yield per mu of Cardamine violae gradually decreased with increasing plant spacing. When the transplanting spacing was 20 cm, the single plant weight and yield of Cardamine violae were the highest, reaching 229g / plant and 1832.4kg / mu respectively.

[0054] Therefore, it is recommended that Cardamine violacea be planted by transplanting (20cm×25cm, 8,000 plants per mu).

[0055] Table 2 Selenium content in Cardamine violacea after the seventh selenium nutrition fortification

[0056]

[0057] In summary, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Cardamine violae in a greenhouse with selenium-rich and high yield. The method for raising seedlings is simple. The greenhouse is used to ensure the safety of selenium-rich cultivation of Cardamine violae. By controlling the light, temperature, and moisture in the greenhouse, Cardamine violae is provided with optimal growth conditions. The method for raising seedlings is simple, the emergence rate is high, and the seedlings emerge neatly, with an emergence rate of up to 98%. By setting appropriate plant spacing, the yield of Cardamine violae per mu can reach 1832.4 kg. After selenium nutrition fortification, the selenium content of the dry sample of the leaves can reach 530 mg / kg. Cardamine violae planted using this method has the characteristics of high yield and high selenium. The present invention adopts on-site transplanting, which is simple to operate, low in cost, and high in efficiency. It solves the problems of low germination, yield, and selenium content in traditional cultivation methods and has broad prospects for promotion and application.

[0058] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. A person skilled in the art will be able to make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Cardamine viola in a selenium-rich and high-yield facility, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After soaking the seeds, drain the water, wrap them with gauze, and place them in a temperature-controlled and light-controlled greenhouse environment for germination. After the seeds turn white, they are sown in seedling trays. When the Cardamine violeta grows 4-8 leaves, they are transplanted, and fertilizer and water management, light and temperature management, and pest and disease control are carried out; the fertilizer and water management method is: apply base fertilizer before transplanting, start topdressing on the 10th to 15th day after transplanting, and apply topdressing once a month; the method of applying base fertilizer is: applying 1500-2000 kg of fermented chicken manure and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer with a nutrient content of 18-18-18 per mu; the method of topdressing is: applying 1-3 kg of urea and 3-5 kg ​​of compound fertilizer per mu, dissolving the fertilizer in water and applying it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system; (2) spraying amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage of Cardamine violae; the method of spraying amino acid liquid selenium fertilizer is: spraying 10,000-20,000 mg per mu, a total of 7 sprayings, each spraying interval of 7-10 days; (3) Harvest the aboveground parts of the plants during the initial flowering period.

2. The selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The conditions for raising seedlings include: temperature of 25±5°C, light intensity of 500-2000lx; The transplanting method is as follows: the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25 cm.

3. The selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The light and temperature management method is as follows: when the temperature in the greenhouse is 15-30°C, open the screens on both sides for ventilation to control the temperature in the greenhouse within 30°C; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30°C, cover the outside of the greenhouse with a sunshade net, open the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse to control the temperature in the greenhouse within 30°C; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 15°C, close the ventilation membranes on both sides and the top of the greenhouse to control the temperature in the greenhouse above 0°C to prevent frostbite of Cardamine viola seedlings.

4. The selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The pest control method is: control through insect-proof nets or pesticides; the pesticide control method includes: using 1000 times diluted 90% dichlorvos to control flea beetles, and using 1500 times diluted 1.8% abamectin and 2.5% trichlorfon compound to control small monkey leafworms.

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