Pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method and device for soft rock mud formation

Abstract

The present application provides a monitoring and early warning method and device for pilot hole construction in soft rock mudstone formations, which relates to the field of mining engineering technology, including: constructing a profile of the mine stratum distribution to determine the pilot hole construction location; conducting pilot hole construction, collecting the borehole backflow status in real time, and performing mud feature analysis and backflow color collection; if the mud feature meets the predetermined mud feature or the backflow image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the construction has reached the soft rock mudstone formation, and high-pressure water is injected into the pilot hole to form a cavity; the cavity meets the predetermined size constraint, grouting is injected into the cavity, and after filling, the pilot hole is continuously constructed until the construction is completed. The present application can solve the technical problem in the prior art that the pilot hole construction has safety risks due to the characteristics of the soft rock mudstone formation. By performing high-pressure grouting on the soft rock mudstone formation, problems such as hole blockage and pipe burial can be effectively avoided, thereby reducing the safety risks during the construction process and improving construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formations. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mining engineering, especially in the construction of deep-well ventilation, filling, drainage, and chute systems, the construction of long-distance shafts is a key technical link. These shafts need to pass through multiple strata in the mine, including the inevitable soft mudstone strata. Due to the special physical and mechanical properties of soft mudstone strata, such as high water content, low strength, and easy deformation, the pilot hole construction process faces many challenges. Existing pilot hole construction mainly relies on manual observation and empirical judgment to monitor the stability of soft mudstone strata, which has problems such as high subjectivity, poor real-time performance, and low warning accuracy. At present, when dealing with soft mudstone strata, there is often a lack of accurate identification of stratum characteristics and effective treatment measures. After it is determined that construction has reached a soft mudstone stratum, it is usually impossible to provide effective stratum treatment methods, resulting in low construction efficiency and difficulty in ensuring safety.

[0003] In summary, the prior art has a technical problem in that the pilot hole construction has safety risks due to the characteristics of the soft rock mud formation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a monitoring and early warning method and device for pilot hole construction in soft rock mudstone formations, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that pilot hole construction has safety risks due to the characteristics of soft rock mudstone formations.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a method and device for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formations.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock muddy formations, which is implemented by a pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formations, wherein the method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock muddy formations comprises: constructing a mine stratum distribution profile according to mine stratum distribution information and known segmented plane stratum distribution, determining the pilot hole construction position based on the predetermined skylight layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, and combining the relationship between the chute design inclination and the soft rock muddy formation distribution inclination; determining the pilot hole construction position according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction device; A pilot hole is constructed at the working position, and the drilling water return status during the pilot hole construction process is collected in real time. The mud characteristics of the drilling water return status are analyzed and the water return color is collected to obtain the mud characteristics and water return image. If the mud characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the water return image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction has reached the soft rock mudstone formation, and high-pressure water is injected into the bottom position of the pilot hole, and the water pressure is increased until a cavity is formed near the drill bit. Grouting is then injected into the cavity until the cavity meets the predetermined size constraint. After the cavity is filled, the pilot hole construction is continued until the pilot hole construction is completed, wherein the predetermined size constraint is a cavity diameter of 1 meter.

[0007] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mudstone formations, which is used to execute the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock mudstone formations as described in the first aspect, wherein the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mudstone formations includes: a construction position determination module, the construction position determination module is used to construct a mine stratum distribution profile based on mine stratum distribution information and known segmented plane stratum distribution, and determine the pilot hole construction position based on the predetermined shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, combined with the relationship between the chute design inclination angle and the soft rock mudstone stratum distribution inclination angle; a construction process monitoring module, the construction process monitoring module is used to guide the pilot hole construction according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction position. Hole construction, real-time collection of the borehole water return status during the pilot hole construction process, mud feature analysis and water return color collection of the borehole water return status, and acquisition of mud feature and water return image; soft rock muddy formation determination module, the soft rock muddy formation determination module is used to determine that the current construction is to the soft rock muddy formation if the mud feature meets the predetermined mud feature or the water return image meets the predetermined mudstone color, inject high-pressure water into the bottom position of the pilot hole, and increase the water pressure until a cavity is formed near the drill bit; grouting control module, the grouting control module is used to grout the cavity until the cavity meets the predetermined size constraint, and after the cavity is filled, continue to construct the pilot hole until the pilot hole construction is completed, wherein the predetermined size constraint is a cavity diameter of 1 meter.

[0008] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0009] A mine stratum distribution profile is constructed based on mine stratum distribution information and known segmented planar stratum distribution. The pilot hole construction location is determined based on the predetermined raise shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, combined with the relationship between the designed chute inclination and the distribution inclination of the soft rock mudstone stratum. The pilot hole is constructed according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction location, and the borehole water return status is collected in real time during the pilot hole construction process. The mud characteristics of the borehole water return status are analyzed and the water return color is collected to obtain the mud characteristics and water return image. If the mud characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the water return image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction has reached the soft rock mudstone stratum. High-pressure water is injected into the bottom of the pilot hole, and the water pressure is increased until a cavity is formed near the drill bit. Grouting is then injected into the cavity until the cavity meets a predetermined size constraint. After the cavity is filled, the pilot hole construction is continued until the pilot hole construction is completed, where the predetermined size constraint is a cavity diameter of 1 meter. In other words, by carrying out high-pressure grouting on soft rock mudstone formations, problems such as hole blockage and pipe burial can be effectively avoided, the safety risks during the construction process are reduced, and construction efficiency is improved.

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are specifically listed below. It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become easy to understand through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on the provided drawings without creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock mud formations used in this application;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device used in the soft rock mud formation in this application.

[0014] Explanation of the reference numerals: construction position determination module 11 , construction process monitoring module 12 , soft rock mud formation determination module 13 , grouting control module 14 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] This application provides a monitoring and early warning method and device for pilot hole construction in soft mudstone formations, addressing the existing technical issues of safety risks associated with pilot hole construction due to the characteristics of soft mudstone formations. By performing high-pressure grouting in soft mudstone formations, problems such as hole blockage and pipe burial are effectively avoided, reducing safety risks during construction and improving construction efficiency.

[0016] Below, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to this application, rather than all of them, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0017] For example 1, please refer to the attached Figure 1 The present application provides a pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for a soft rock mudstone formation, wherein the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for a soft rock mudstone formation is executed by a pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for a soft rock mudstone formation, and the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for a soft rock mudstone formation specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Construct a mine stratum distribution profile based on the mine stratum distribution information and the known segmented plane stratum distribution. Based on the predetermined shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, determine the pilot hole construction location in combination with the relationship between the chute design inclination and the soft rock mudstone stratum distribution inclination.

[0019] Specifically, the mine stratigraphic distribution information is obtained from the mining engineering drilling catalog, including relevant information such as the borehole number, borehole location, borehole start and end depth, borehole diameter, stratigraphic description, sampling conditions, and groundwater level. Mine engineering drilling catalog refers to the process of recording and summarizing drilling activities carried out in mining projects. The stratigraphic distribution is analyzed and interpreted in detail, and the stratigraphic distribution of each segmented plane is further clarified during production drilling. Before the chute design, the various segmented plane stratigraphic maps involved in the chute project are composited to form a stratigraphic distribution profile of the area involved in the chute project. The stratigraphic distribution profile is a graphical tool drawn based on geological survey and drilling data to display the distribution and change patterns of the strata. Usually, the spatial depth is used as the horizontal axis and the stratigraphic type or layer is used as the vertical axis. The spatial characteristics of the geological strata are presented by drawing distribution curves of different geological units, cross-sectional schematics, and measured wellbore sections. The pilot hole construction location is determined based on the predetermined shaft layout requirements and the constructed mine stratum distribution profile, combined with the relationship between the chute design inclination and the distribution inclination of the soft rock mudstone stratum. The shaft layout requirements refer to the requirements for the location and number of shafts (ventilation shafts or haulage shafts) in mining. The chute design inclination refers to the design angle of the chute (an inclined channel used for ore transportation). The distribution inclination of the soft rock mudstone stratum refers to the inclination angle of this type of stratum in space. By comprehensively analyzing the spatial distribution of the stratum and the design requirements, the pilot hole construction location can be determined more accurately, improving the safety and efficiency of construction.

[0020] Step 2: Conduct pilot hole construction according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction location, collect the drilling water return status during the pilot hole construction process in real time, analyze the mud characteristics of the drilling water return status and collect the water return color, and obtain the mud characteristics and water return image.

[0021] Specifically, pilot borehole construction is carried out at the previously determined pilot borehole construction location according to a predetermined construction plan. The predetermined construction plan typically includes specific construction steps, techniques and equipment to be used, and safety measures. During the construction process, borehole water return is monitored in real time, and water return status data, including flow rate, color, mud content, pH value, and temperature, is recorded. Borehole water return status refers to the state of the water and the substances it carries with it during drilling, reflecting the nature of the stratum and its response during construction. The borehole water return status is filtered to obtain solid matter. Images of the water return status and filtered solid matter are captured to obtain initial water return images and initial solid matter images. The initial image is preprocessed to reduce image noise and obtain a clearer water return image and solid matter image. A feature extraction model is trained using the sample water return solid matter image, as well as the sample's fine sand-like debris features and the sample's granular clay features. The solid matter image is input into the feature extraction model and convolution is performed to determine mud content characteristics. Image processing techniques are used to perform color recognition on the water return image to capture water return color information. Analyze the water backflow color and compare it with known formation color standards to assist in determining formation properties. Integrate mud characteristics and water backflow color data for comprehensive analysis to determine the current construction formation and generate comprehensive analysis results. Real-time data collection of borehole water backflow status during pilot hole construction, along with mud characteristics analysis and water backflow color data, allows for timely action to address potential risks and ensure construction safety and efficiency.

[0022] Step 3: If the mud-containing characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the water reflection image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction has reached the soft rock mud formation, and high-pressure water is injected into the bottom of the pilot hole, and the water pressure is increased until a cavity is formed near the drill bit.

[0023] Specifically, if the mud content meets the predetermined mud quality characteristics—that is, if the mud content in the borehole return water increases and contains more than 50% granular clay—then the construction is determined to have reached a soft mudstone formation. If the mud content does not meet the predetermined mud quality characteristics, the return water image is evaluated. If the borehole return water exhibits the characteristic mudstone color of mining, such as purple-red or gray-green, the construction is determined to have reached a soft mudstone formation. If the raise-boring rig's pilot hole reaches a soft mudstone formation, continuing construction poses a significant risk, and immediate measures must be taken to slow down the guide rail construction process. Prepare a high-pressure water pump and related water supply equipment to ensure sufficient high-pressure water flow. Determine the bottom of the pilot hole to ensure accurate high-pressure water injection. Start the high-pressure water pump and gradually increase the water pressure. As the water pressure increases, water flows through the raise-boring rig's drill pipe into the bottom of the pilot hole, forming a cavity near the drill bit. Throughout the entire process, the stability of the borehole wall is monitored in real time to ensure that it does not collapse due to excessive water pressure. Based on the monitoring results, the water pressure is adjusted as necessary to maintain the stability of the borehole wall. The formation of cavities by high-pressure water helps to enhance the stability of the formation and reduce the risk of formation collapse.

[0024] Step 4: until the cavity meets the predetermined size constraint, grouting is injected into the cavity, and after the cavity is filled, the pilot hole is continuously constructed until the pilot hole construction is completed, wherein the predetermined size constraint is that the cavity diameter is 1 meter.

[0025] Specifically, water supply is stopped when the cavity reaches the predetermined size and shape. A cavity diameter of no less than 1 meter is generally recommended. High-pressure grouting (concrete is injected into the cavity at the bottom of the pilot hole through the raise-boring rig drill pipe) is used to fill the cavity formed in the soft muddy formation. This reshapes the pilot hole construction environment and prevents mud or debris from the backflow from settling in the borehole. As mud and debris from the backflow continuously drain from the bottom of the borehole, they gradually form a blockage, hindering smooth drilling. The larger the cavity formed by the high-pressure water-washed mud, the greater the stability of the grouting structure after high-pressure grouting, which is more conducive to pilot hole construction. After the cavity is filled, pilot hole construction continues, but the stability of the borehole wall must be continuously monitored. Based on the monitoring results, construction parameters such as drilling speed and water pressure should be adjusted as necessary. Construction is completed when the pilot hole reaches the designed depth and location. The formation and treatment of cavities, along with grouting, significantly improves the safety of construction in soft muddy formations, provides a more stable working environment for subsequent construction, and enhances construction efficiency.

[0026] Furthermore, step 2 of this application includes:

[0027] The borehole water return state is filtered to obtain water return solid matter, and images of the borehole water return state and the water return solid matter are respectively captured by an image sensor array to obtain an initial water return image and an initial solid-state image; the initial water return image and the initial solid-state image are denoised according to an image preprocessing scheme to obtain a water return image and a solid-state image; the solid-state image is input into a feature extraction model for convolution, and the mud-containing feature is determined based on feature convolution result analysis.

[0028] Furthermore, the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0029] A sample training data set is obtained, wherein the sample training data includes a sample water-reflected solid image, sample fine sand-like debris material characteristics, and sample granular clay material characteristics; the sample training data set is divided into a training set and a validation set according to a preset ratio, and a convolutional neural network is supervised and validated using the training set and validation set to obtain a feature extraction model that meets predetermined convergence conditions.

[0030] Specifically, the water return state of the borehole is filtered to separate the solid matter. An image sensor array is set up to collect images of the water return state and the solid matter. The image sensor array includes multiple sensors that can collect images from different angles or resolutions to provide comprehensive data. The water return state before filtering and the solid matter obtained by filtration are imaged to obtain an initial water return image and an initial solid-state image. According to a predetermined image preprocessing scheme, the initial water return image and the initial solid-state image are denoised to remove noise in the image due to various reasons (such as sensor noise, illumination changes, etc.) to improve the visual effect and analyzability of the image. Mean filtering, median filtering, Gaussian filtering, etc. are used to reduce image noise, and histogram equalization is used to improve the contrast of the image to make the image clearer. After denoising, clearer water return images and solid-state images are obtained.

[0031] Collect and organize a sample training dataset, including a series of sample water-reflected solid images and their corresponding fine sand-like debris and granular clay material features. Perform data preprocessing on these datasets and randomly divide them into training and validation sets according to a preset ratio to ensure randomness and uniformity in data distribution. The training set is used for model training, while the validation set is used to evaluate model performance and adjust model parameters. The preset ratio is determined based on the specific application scenario and dataset size; a common ratio is 70% training and 30% validation. Design a CNN architecture suitable for image recognition, including convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers. Select an appropriate loss function, such as the cross-entropy loss function, to calculate the difference between predicted values ​​and true values. Use the training set to conduct supervised training of the CNN, including forward propagation, loss calculation, and backpropagation. Forward propagation through the CNN generates outputs, calculates the loss between the outputs and the true labels, and performs backpropagation based on the loss to update the network weights. Validate the trained model using data from the validation set, and evaluate model performance using metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score to prevent overfitting or underfitting. Continuously adjust model parameters or training strategies based on the verification results until the model meets the predetermined convergence conditions, such as the loss on the verification set no longer decreases or the accuracy reaches a predetermined threshold.

[0032] The solid-state image is input into the feature extraction model, which performs a convolution operation to extract image features. Convolution is the core of convolutional neural networks, extracting local features by sliding the convolution kernel across the image. Based on the results of the convolution operation, the extracted features are analyzed using classification, regression, or other machine learning tasks to determine mud characteristics, such as particle size, shape, and distribution. Real-time borehole water return status is captured and image analysis is performed to promptly detect abnormal changes in the formation. Using image processing and convolutional neural networks, solid materials in the borehole water return are identified and classified, improving the accuracy of identifying formation lithology.

[0033] Furthermore, step three of this application includes:

[0034] The predetermined mud quality characteristic is that the content of granular clay material exceeds 50%, and the predetermined mudstone color is set based on the mudstone state of the mine; if the mud content characteristic meets the predetermined mud quality characteristic, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mudstone formation; if the mud content characteristic does not meet the predetermined mud quality characteristic, a similarity comparison is performed on the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color. If the comparison similarity meets a predetermined similarity threshold, indicating that the water reflection image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mudstone formation.

[0035] Furthermore, the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0036] If the mud content characteristic meets the predetermined fine sand characteristic and the water reflection image does not meet the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in other hard rock formations, and the pilot hole construction is continued, wherein the predetermined fine sand characteristic is that the content of fine sand-like debris exceeds 50%.

[0037] Specifically, to determine whether construction is targeting a soft mudstone formation, a clear mud content standard is set. When the borehole return water contains more than 50% granular clay, the formation is considered to be soft mudstone. The color of the return water is observed. If the return water matches the color of mine mudstone, the formation is considered to be soft mudstone. Mudstone is generally purple-red or gray-green (each mine can determine this based on the color of its specific soft mudstone formation). The mud content characteristics are compared with the predetermined mud characteristics. If the mud content in the return water increases and the content of granular clay exceeds 50%, the formation is considered to be soft mudstone. If the mud content does not meet the standard, the return water image is further compared. The return water image is then compared with the predetermined mudstone color, and the similarity between the return water image and the predetermined mudstone color is calculated. Appropriate similarity comparison operators are selected, the accuracy of each comparison operator is determined, and weights are assigned to construct a similarity comparison strategy. According to the similarity comparison strategy, the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color are compared and the comparison similarity is output.

[0038] A similarity threshold is determined based on experience and experimental data, providing a clear judgment standard and reducing the uncertainty of subjective judgment. If the comparison similarity meets the predetermined similarity threshold, the water-reflected image is determined to match the predetermined mudstone color, and thus, the current construction is determined to be in a soft muddy formation. In actual practice, only one of the mud characteristics or the water-reflected color needs to meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the predetermined mudstone color to determine that the construction has reached the soft muddy formation.

[0039] If the mud content meets the predetermined fine sand characteristics, i.e., the drilled water return contains more than 50% fine sand-like debris with a particle size of 0.06 mm to 2 mm, and the return water image does not meet the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in another hard rock formation, and the guide rail construction will continue. By setting clear mud content and color standards, the formation's nature, such as hard rock or soft mudstone, can be quickly and accurately identified, helping the construction team make more informed construction decisions. Real-time feedback on the monitored mud content or return water color can be provided to the construction team, allowing for rapid adjustments to construction plans and parameters to ensure smooth construction.

[0040] Furthermore, the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0041] A predetermined similarity comparison operator is configured, wherein the predetermined similarity comparison operator includes at least Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Bhattacharyya distance; a sample comparison data set is retrieved and obtained with the predetermined mudstone color and the predetermined similarity comparison operator as constraints, and a plurality of comparison accuracies are determined based on analysis of the sample comparison data set; based on a coefficient of variation method, weights are configured according to the plurality of comparison accuracies, and the predetermined similarity comparison operator is assigned a value to construct a similarity comparison strategy; a similarity comparison is performed on the water return image and the predetermined mudstone color according to the similarity comparison strategy, and a comparison similarity is output.

[0042] Specifically, an appropriate similarity comparison operator, including but not limited to Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Bhattacharyya distance, is selected as the predetermined similarity comparison operator to calculate the similarity between the image color and the predetermined mudstone color. Using database retrieval and data screening techniques, a sample comparison dataset related to the predetermined mudstone color is collected, ensuring that the selected dataset meets the predetermined mudstone color constraints. The selected similarity comparison operator is used to calculate the similarity between each sample water-reflected image and the predetermined mudstone color. The comparison results are analyzed to determine the comparison accuracy of each operator. The coefficient of variation method is used to quantify the relative importance of each comparison operator. The coefficient of variation method is a statistical method used to assess the degree of data dispersion and to assign weights based on the comparison accuracy. Based on the results of the coefficient of variation method, weight optimization and parameter adjustment techniques are used to assign appropriate weights to each comparison operator. Based on the weighted configuration results, an effective similarity comparison strategy is constructed to evaluate the similarity between the water-reflected image and the predetermined mudstone color, thereby improving the accuracy of formation identification. The similarity comparison strategy is used to evaluate the similarity between the water-reflected image and the predetermined mudstone color. The actual similarity comparison between the water-reflected image and the predetermined mudstone color is then performed, and the comparison similarity is output. By selecting appropriate comparison operators, analyzing comparison accuracy, configuring weights, and constructing similarity comparison strategies, the similarity between the reflected water image and the predetermined mudstone color can be accurately evaluated.

[0043] Furthermore, the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0044] After determining that the current construction has reached the soft rock mud formation, the pilot hole construction progress is slowed down, and a high-pressure water pump is used to allow high-pressure water to enter the bottom of the pilot hole through the raise drilling rig drill pipe until a cavity is formed near the drill bit.

[0045] Specifically, if the current construction stratum is determined to be a soft rock mudstone stratum, continued construction of the pilot hole will result in great risks of blockage (the gap between the borehole wall and the drill rod will be blocked by mud due to low water pressure and poor mud drainage), buried rods, and even abandoned holes. At this time, it is necessary to immediately take appropriate construction adjustment measures to slow down the progress of the pilot hole construction, such as controlling the drilling speed. Make sure that the high-pressure water pump equipment is in good condition and that all pipes and connectors are leak-free. Connect the high-pressure water pump to the raise drilling rig drill rod to ensure that the connection is firm and there is no leakage. Start the high-pressure water pump and perform water injection construction to allow high-pressure water to pass through the raise drilling rig drill rod into the bottom of the pilot hole. Increase the speed and pressure of the high-pressure water flow to ensure that the gap between the borehole wall and the drill rod is unobstructed and that the conditions for reverse water and mud drainage are met until a cavity is formed near the drill bit. By slowing down the construction progress and using a high-pressure water pump to form a cavity, the safety of construction in soft rock mudstone strata is significantly improved.

[0046] In summary, the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock mud formations provided by this application has the following technical effects:

[0047] A mine stratum distribution profile is constructed based on mine stratum distribution information and known segmented planar stratum distribution. The pilot hole construction location is determined based on the predetermined raise shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, combined with the relationship between the designed chute inclination and the distribution inclination of the soft rock mudstone stratum. The pilot hole is constructed according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction location, and the borehole water return status is collected in real time during the pilot hole construction process. The mud characteristics of the borehole water return status are analyzed and the water return color is collected to obtain the mud characteristics and water return image. If the mud characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the water return image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction has reached the soft rock mudstone stratum. High-pressure water is injected into the bottom of the pilot hole, and the water pressure is increased until a cavity is formed near the drill bit. Grouting is then injected into the cavity until the cavity meets a predetermined size constraint. After the cavity is filled, the pilot hole construction is continued until the pilot hole construction is completed, where the predetermined size constraint is a cavity diameter of 1 meter. In other words, by carrying out high-pressure grouting on soft rock mudstone formations, problems such as hole blockage and pipe burial can be effectively avoided, the safety risks during the construction process are reduced, and construction efficiency is improved.

[0048] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept as the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock mud formation in the above embodiment, this application also provides a pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mud formation, please refer to the attached Figure 2 The pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mud formations includes:

[0049] The construction position determination module 11 is used to construct a mine stratum distribution profile based on the mine stratum distribution information and the known segmented plane stratum distribution, and determine the pilot hole construction position based on the predetermined shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, combined with the relationship between the chute design inclination and the soft rock mudstone stratum distribution inclination.

[0050] The construction process monitoring module 12 is used to perform pilot hole construction according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction position, collect the drilling water return status during the pilot hole construction process in real time, analyze the mud characteristics of the drilling water return status and collect the water return color, and obtain the mud characteristics and water return image.

[0051] The soft rock mudstone formation determination module 13 is used to determine that the current construction is in the soft rock mudstone formation if the mud-containing characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics or the water reflection image meets the predetermined mudstone color, inject high-pressure water into the bottom position of the pilot hole, and increase the water pressure until a cavity is formed near the drill bit.

[0052] The grouting control module 14 is used to inject grout into the cavity until the cavity meets a predetermined size constraint, and after the cavity is filled, continue to construct the pilot hole until the pilot hole construction is completed, wherein the predetermined size constraint is that the cavity diameter is 1 meter.

[0053] Furthermore, the construction process monitoring module 12 in the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mud formations is further used to:

[0054] The borehole water return state is filtered to obtain water return solid matter, and images of the borehole water return state and the water return solid matter are respectively captured by an image sensor array to obtain an initial water return image and an initial solid-state image; the initial water return image and the initial solid-state image are denoised according to an image preprocessing scheme to obtain a water return image and a solid-state image; the solid-state image is input into a feature extraction model for convolution, and the mud-containing feature is determined based on feature convolution result analysis.

[0055] Furthermore, the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock mud formations also includes a feature extraction model building module for:

[0056] A sample training data set is obtained, wherein the sample training data includes a sample water-reflected solid image, sample fine sand-like debris material characteristics, and sample granular clay material characteristics; the sample training data set is divided into a training set and a validation set according to a preset ratio, and a convolutional neural network is supervised and validated using the training set and validation set to obtain a feature extraction model that meets predetermined convergence conditions.

[0057] Furthermore, the soft rock muddy formation determination module 13 in the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formation is further used to:

[0058] The predetermined mud quality characteristic is that the content of granular clay material exceeds 50%, and the predetermined mudstone color is set based on the mudstone state of the mine; if the mud content characteristic meets the predetermined mud quality characteristic, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mudstone formation; if the mud content characteristic does not meet the predetermined mud quality characteristic, a similarity comparison is performed on the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color. If the comparison similarity meets a predetermined similarity threshold, indicating that the water reflection image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mudstone formation.

[0059] Furthermore, the soft rock muddy formation determination module 13 in the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formation is further used to:

[0060] A predetermined similarity comparison operator is configured, wherein the predetermined similarity comparison operator includes at least Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Bhattacharyya distance; a sample comparison data set is retrieved and obtained with the predetermined mudstone color and the predetermined similarity comparison operator as constraints, and a plurality of comparison accuracies are determined based on analysis of the sample comparison data set; based on a coefficient of variation method, weights are configured according to the plurality of comparison accuracies, and the predetermined similarity comparison operator is assigned a value to construct a similarity comparison strategy; a similarity comparison is performed on the water return image and the predetermined mudstone color according to the similarity comparison strategy, and a comparison similarity is output.

[0061] Furthermore, the soft rock muddy formation determination module 13 in the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formation is further used to:

[0062] If the mud content characteristic meets the predetermined fine sand characteristic and the water reflection image does not meet the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in other hard rock formations, and the pilot hole construction is continued, wherein the predetermined fine sand characteristic is that the content of fine sand-like debris exceeds 50%.

[0063] Furthermore, the soft rock muddy formation determination module 13 in the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formation is further used to:

[0064] After determining that the current construction has reached the soft rock mud formation, the pilot hole construction progress is slowed down, and a high-pressure water pump is used to allow high-pressure water to enter the bottom of the pilot hole through the raise drilling rig drill pipe until a cavity is formed near the drill bit.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. Figure 1The pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock muddy formations and the specific examples in Example 1 are also applicable to the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formations in this embodiment. Through the detailed description of the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock muddy formations, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning device for soft rock muddy formations in this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple. For relevant details, please refer to the method description.

[0066] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0067] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the present application and its equivalents, the present application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formations, characterized in that: include: Constructing a mine stratum distribution profile based on the mine stratum distribution information and the known segmented planar stratum distribution; determining the pilot hole construction location based on the predetermined raise shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, and combining the relationship between the chute design inclination and the soft rock mudstone stratum distribution inclination; The pilot hole construction is performed according to the predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction position, the drilling water return status during the pilot hole construction process is collected in real time, the drilling water return status is analyzed for mud content characteristics and the water return color is collected, and the mud content characteristics and water return image are obtained; the obtaining of the mud content characteristics and water return image includes: Filtering the borehole water return state to obtain water return solid matter, and collecting images of the borehole water return state and the water return solid matter through an image sensor array to obtain an initial water return image and an initial solid state image; De-noising the initial water-reflected image and the initial solid-state image according to an image preprocessing scheme to obtain a water-reflected image and a solid-state image; Inputting the solid-state image into a feature extraction model for convolution, and determining the mud-containing feature based on feature convolution result analysis; Build a feature extraction model, including: Acquire a sample training data set, wherein the sample training data includes a sample water-reflected solid image and features of fine sand-like debris and features of granular clay; Dividing the sample training data set into a training set and a validation set according to a preset ratio, and using the training set and the validation set to perform supervised training and validation training on the convolutional neural network to obtain a feature extraction model that meets a predetermined convergence condition; If the mud-containing feature satisfies a predetermined mud feature or the water reflection image matches a predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction has reached a soft mudstone formation, and high-pressure water is injected into the bottom of the pilot hole, and the water pressure is increased until a cavity is formed near the drill bit. Increasing the water pressure until a cavity is formed near the drill bit includes: After determining that the current construction has reached the soft rock mud formation, the pilot hole construction progress is slowed down, and a high-pressure water pump is used to force high-pressure water through the raise boring rig drill pipe into the bottom of the pilot hole until a cavity is formed near the drill bit; Grouting is injected into the cavity until the cavity meets a predetermined size constraint. After the cavity is filled, the pilot hole is continuously constructed until the pilot hole construction is completed. The predetermined size constraint is that the cavity diameter is 1 meter.

2. The pilot hole construction monitoring and early warning method for soft rock mud formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Determine whether the current construction is in soft rock and mudstone formation, including: The predetermined mud quality characteristic is that the content of granular clay material exceeds 50%, and the predetermined mudstone color is set based on the mudstone state of the mine; If the mud-containing characteristics meet the predetermined mud characteristics, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mud formation; If the mud-containing feature does not meet the predetermined mud quality feature, a similarity comparison is performed on the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color. If the comparison similarity meets a predetermined similarity threshold, indicating that the water reflection image meets the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in a soft rock mudstone formation.

3. The method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Performing a similarity comparison between the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color includes: Configuring a predetermined similarity comparison operator, wherein the predetermined similarity comparison operator includes at least Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Bhattacharyya distance; Retrieving and acquiring a sample comparison data set based on the predetermined mudstone color and the predetermined similarity comparison operator as constraints, and determining a plurality of comparison accuracies based on analysis of the sample comparison data set; Based on the coefficient of variation method, weight configuration is performed according to the multiple comparison accuracies, the predetermined similarity comparison operator is assigned a value, and a similarity comparison strategy is constructed; A similarity comparison is performed on the water reflection image and the predetermined mudstone color according to the similarity comparison strategy, and a comparison similarity is output.

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the mud content characteristic satisfies the predetermined fine sand characteristic and the water reflection image does not conform to the predetermined mudstone color, it is determined that the current construction is in other hard rock formations, and the pilot hole construction is continued, wherein the predetermined fine sand characteristic is that the content of fine sand-like debris exceeds 50%.

5. A monitoring and early warning device for pilot hole construction in soft rock mud formations, characterized in that: Steps for implementing the method for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock muddy formations according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device for monitoring and early warning of pilot hole construction in soft rock muddy formations comprises: A construction location determination module is configured to construct a mine stratum distribution profile based on mine stratum distribution information and known segmented planar stratum distribution, and determine the pilot hole construction location based on the predetermined raise shaft layout requirements and the mine stratum distribution profile, in combination with the relationship between the designed chute inclination and the soft rock mudstone stratum distribution inclination; a construction process monitoring module, the construction process monitoring module being used to perform pilot hole construction according to a predetermined construction plan and the pilot hole construction location, collect the drilling water return status in real time during the pilot hole construction process, perform mud feature analysis and water return color collection on the drilling water return status, and obtain mud feature and water return image; a soft mudstone formation determination module, wherein the module is configured to determine that the current construction is in a soft mudstone formation if the mud-containing characteristics meet predetermined mud characteristics or the water reflection image meets predetermined mudstone color, and to inject high-pressure water into the bottom of the pilot hole, increasing the water pressure until a cavity is formed near the drill bit; A grouting control module is configured to inject grout into the cavity until the cavity meets a predetermined size constraint, and after the cavity is filled, continue constructing the pilot hole until the pilot hole construction is completed, wherein the predetermined size constraint is that the cavity diameter is 1 meter.

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