A rice light-simplified fertilization planting method based on seed fertilizer contact type seedling raising

Abstract

This invention discloses a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising, comprising the following steps: cultivating rice seedlings in special seedling trays with a substrate of nutrient soil and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in each tray; one day before rice transplanting, applying a mixture of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer to the field in one go with the rotary tilled soil using a fertilizer applicator, flooding the field and leveling the field; and transplanting the seedlings together with the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in their seedling trays. Transplanting of rice seedlings into the field; shallow irrigation of the field from the time the seedlings are transplanted until they reach the N-n-2 leaf stage; irrigation after the field has naturally dried out from the N-n-1 leaf stage to the N-n+3 leaf stage; alternating wet and dry irrigation of the field after the seedlings reach the N-n+3 leaf stage; topdressing with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the N-n+3 leaf stage; using this invention can reduce the number of fertilizations during the planting period and reduce labor costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of China's three major grain crops, and more than 70% of the country's population relies on it as their staple food. Therefore, high rice yields play a crucial role in ensuring my country's food security.

[0003] When planting rice, drones are first used to automatically apply compound fertilizer to the field, and then rotary tillers are used to mix the fertilizer into the tillage layer. However, in the field environment of clay soil, the soil after rotary tillage is clods, and the effect of fertilizer mixing into the soil is not good. During the rice growth period, the current fertilization method is divided into base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and panicle fertilizer. Among them, under most conditions, panicle fertilizer is also divided into flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-protecting fertilizer, etc., with a total of about 3-4 fertilizations. The application of nitrogen fertilizer for rice has problems such as many fertilizations and high labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0005] In view of the problems mentioned above and / or existing rice cultivation practices, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the problem that this invention aims to solve is that in existing rice planting methods, the fertilizer is not effectively mixed into the soil before transplanting the seedlings, and the fertilization needs to be done in two separate operations to complete the fertilization before transplanting, resulting in low fertilization efficiency. At the same time, the excessive number of fertilizations during the planting period leads to high labor costs.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Rice seedlings are cultivated in special seedling trays for potted blanket seedlings. The seedling substrate in each tray is a mixture of nutrient soil and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer.

[0009] One day before rice transplanting, use a fertilizer applicator to apply a mixture of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer into the field along with the rotary tilled soil. Flood the field and level it.

[0010] When transplanting, the seedlings and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in their pots should be transplanted to the field simultaneously.

[0011] From the time the rice seedlings in pots were transplanted until they reached the Nn-2 leaf age, the field was irrigated with shallow water. From the time the rice seedlings in pots were at the Nn-1 leaf age until they reached the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated after it had dried naturally. After the rice seedlings reached the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated with alternating wet and dry water.

[0012] Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the N-n+3 leaf age of the rice;

[0013] Where N is the number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and n is the number of elongated internodes at the base of the main stem of rice.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has a release cycle of 110 to 120 days, and each seedling substrate weighs 1.8 kg, including 1000 g of nutrient soil and 800 g of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the seedling tray with a pot-shaped blanket-like shape is a soft tray with a length of 58 cm, a width of 30 cm, and a usage of 45 trays per mu.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 60% to 70% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer applied during the planting period is ordinary urea, and the amount applied is 30% to 40% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the dosage is 864 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer mentioned is potassium chloride, and the application rate is 379 kg / hm². 2 .

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the fertilizer applicator includes a fertilizer applicator frame, a fertilizer box is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fertilizer applicator frame, a cutter shaft is rotatably connected to the lower part of the fertilizer applicator frame in front of the fertilizer box, a plurality of rotary tillage blades are arranged on the cutter shaft, a plurality of first automatic fertilizer applicators are arranged on the lower side of the fertilizer box, and a first fertilizer pipe is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first automatic fertilizer applicator.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the following is provided: a soil-fertilizer shell with an upward-facing feed inlet is fixedly connected to the fertilizer frame behind the blade shaft. The front end of the soil-fertilizer shell is inclined upward and bent forward in the direction of the rotary tiller blade. Soil clods thrown backward by the rotary tiller blade enter the soil-fertilizer shell through the feed inlet. Several fixed mixing blades are arranged inside the soil-fertilizer shell below the feed inlet. A horizontally arranged mixing center shaft is connected to the fertilizer frame. Rotary disks are connected to the left and right ends of the mixing shaft inside the soil-fertilizer shell. At least one mixing side shaft is connected between the two rotating disks. Several moving mixing blades corresponding one-to-one with the fixed mixing blades are arranged on the mixing side shaft. The moving mixing blades are located between two adjacent fixed mixing blades. A discharge port is opened at the lower part of the rear end of the fertilizer shell.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the following features are provided: A central transmission box is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fertilizer frame; the output end of the central transmission box is connected to a cutter shaft and a mixing center shaft respectively; a second automatic fertilizer applicator is fixedly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer boxes on both sides of the central transmission box; a second fertilizer pipe is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second automatic fertilizer applicator; a first fertilizer supply sleeve and a second fertilizer supply sleeve are fixedly connected to the fertilizer frame below the central transmission box, arranged sequentially from left to right; the opposite ends of the first and second fertilizer supply sleeves are sleeved together; a first fertilizer conveying shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the first fertilizer supply sleeve; a second fertilizer conveying shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the second fertilizer supply sleeve; and the first fertilizer conveying shaft... The first fertilizer delivery shaft is connected to the right end of the first fertilizer delivery shaft and the second fertilizer delivery shaft is provided with a spirally arranged first fertilizer delivery blade. The spiral directions of the first fertilizer delivery blade and the second fertilizer delivery blade are opposite. Both the lower side of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve and the lower side of the second fertilizer delivery sleeve are fixed with downward-extending anti-leakage fertilizer tubes. The inner cavities of the two anti-leakage fertilizer tubes are respectively connected to the inner cavities of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve and the second fertilizer delivery sleeve. The upper side of the left part of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve and the upper side of the right part of the second fertilizer delivery sleeve are respectively provided with fertilizer inlet holes. The lower side of the second fertilizer delivery tube on the left covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the left and fits against the upper side of the left part of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve. The lower side of the second fertilizer delivery tube on the right covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the right and fits against the upper side of the right part of the second fertilizer delivery sleeve.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising described in this invention, the soil-fertilizer shell has a connecting groove at its upper end. A fixed block corresponding to the first fertilization pipe is fixedly connected to the soil-fertilizer shell at the connecting groove. Supporting baffles are fixedly connected to both sides of the end of the fixed block that extends into the soil-fertilizer shell. A rotating baffle is rotatably connected to the supporting baffle. The rotating baffle is connected to the mixing center shaft and has a through groove for the mixing blade to pass through. A fertilization gap exists between the two supporting baffles connected to a fixed block. The first fertilization pipe extends into the corresponding fertilization gaps on the left and right sides of the intermediate transmission box. The anti-leakage fertilization pipe extends into the corresponding fertilization gap below the intermediate transmission box.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up a fertilizer applicator, the invention applies the crushed fine soil and fertilizer to the field at the same time during rotary tillage, resulting in high fertilization efficiency and better effect; by using slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and nutrient soil as seedling cultivation substrate, the invention greatly reduces the need for topdressing during the planting period, thus lowering labor costs; by controlling the nitrogen fertilizer release to have two peaks, namely 35 days and 70 days after fertilization, this invention can meet the nutrient supply required for rice tillering in the early stage; by utilizing the leaf age process, the invention can accurately and precisely apply topdressing during the key growth and development stages of rice, ensuring sufficient nutrients during the mid-to-late heading and grain filling stages, saving labor while effectively improving fertilizer utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 This refers to the overall three-dimensional structure of a fertilizer applicator in a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising. Figure 1 .

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 3 This refers to the overall three-dimensional structure of a fertilizer applicator in a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising. Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the first and second fertilizer delivery sleeves in the fertilizer applicator.

[0031] Figure 7 This is an enlarged view of the soil-fertilizer shell and the various components connected to it in the fertilizer applicator.

[0032] Figure 8 This is an enlarged view of the soil and fertilizer shell in the fertilizer applicator, located near the right end of the sealing plate, and the various components connected to the soil and fertilizer shell.

[0033] Figure 9 This refers to the overall three-dimensional structure of a fertilizer applicator in a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising. Figure 3 .

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified view of a section at point D.

[0035] In the diagram, 1 is the fertilizer applicator frame, 2 is the cutter shaft, 3 is the rotary tiller blade, 4 is the fertilizer sludge, 401 is the feed inlet, 402 is the discharge outlet, 403 is the connecting groove, 5 is the first fertilizer pipe, 6 is the first automatic fertilizer applicator, 7 is the intermediate transmission box, 8 is the fertilizer box, 9 is the first fertilizer conveying sleeve, 901 is the leak-proof fertilizer pipe, 10 is the second fertilizer pipe, 11 is the second automatic fertilizer applicator, 12 is the transmission wheel, 13 is the intermediate output shaft, 14 is the transmission belt, 15 is the driven wheel, 16 is the second fertilizer conveying sleeve, 17 is the mixing fixed blade, and 18 is the rotating baffle. 1801 Through slot, 19 Support baffle, 20 Fixing block, 21 First fertilizer conveying shaft, 22 First fertilizer conveying blade, 23 Second fertilizer conveying shaft, 24 Second fertilizer conveying blade, 25 Mixing moving blade, 26 Mixing side shaft, 27 Mixing center shaft, 28 Sealing plate, 29 Rotary disc, 30 Front transmission box, 31 Rear transmission box, 32 Front output shaft, 33 Rear output shaft, 34 Power transmission box, 35 Intermediate output shaft, 36 First fertilizer replenishing sleeve, 37 Second fertilizer replenishing sleeve, S Fertilization gap. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0038] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising, including the following steps:

[0041] Rice seedlings are cultivated in special seedling trays for potted blanket seedlings. The seedling substrate in each tray is a mixture of nutrient soil and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 120 days.

[0042] One day before rice transplanting, use a fertilizer applicator to apply a mixture of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer into the field along with the rotary tilled soil. Flood the field and level it.

[0043] When transplanting, the seedlings and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in their pots should be transplanted to the field simultaneously.

[0044] From the time the rice seedlings in pots were transplanted until they reached the Nn-2 leaf age, the field was irrigated with shallow water. From the time the rice seedlings reached the Nn-1 leaf age to the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated after it had dried naturally. After the rice seedlings reached the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated with alternating wet and dry water.

[0045] Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to rice at the N-n+3 leaf stage;

[0046] Where N is the number of leaves on the main stem of rice, n is the number of elongated internodes at the base of the main stem of rice, the release cycle of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 110 to 120 days, each seedling substrate is 1.8 kg, including 1000 g of nutrient soil and 800 g of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the special seedling tray for potted blanket seedlings is a soft tray, its length is 58 cm and its width is 30 cm, and the amount used per mu is 45 trays.

[0047] Specifically, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer should account for 60%–70% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare; during the planting season, the top-applied quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be ordinary urea, accounting for 30%–40% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare; and the phosphate fertilizer should be superphosphate, applied at a rate of 864 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the application rate is 379 kg / hm². 2 .

[0048] This invention applies pulverized fine soil and fertilizer to the field simultaneously with rotary tillage before transplanting, resulting in high fertilization efficiency and better effects. By using slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and nutrient soil as the seedling cultivation substrate, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer only needs to be applied at the N-n+3 leaf stage of the rice, significantly reducing the need for additional fertilization during the planting period and lowering labor costs. The selected slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (which is an existing technology) has two release peaks, 35 days and 70 days after fertilization, which can meet the nutrient supply required for early tillering of rice. Utilizing the leaf age progression pattern, precise and accurate fertilization is applied during the key growth and development stages of rice, ensuring sufficient nutrients during the mid-to-late heading and grain-filling stages, saving labor while effectively improving fertilizer utilization.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment and can further realize one-time rotary tillage and fertilization before transplanting, reduce the number of operations, improve fertilization efficiency, and achieve good fertilization effect.

[0051] Specifically, the fertilizer applicator includes a fertilizer applicator frame 1, a fertilizer box 8 fixedly connected to the upper side of the fertilizer applicator frame 1, a cutter shaft 2 rotatably connected to the lower part of the fertilizer applicator frame 1 in front of the fertilizer box 8, a plurality of rotary tillers 3 arranged on the cutter shaft 2, a plurality of first automatic fertilizer applicators 6 arranged below the fertilizer box 8, a first fertilizer pipe 5 fixedly connected to the lower side of the first automatic fertilizer applicator 6, and a soil fertilizer shell 4 with an upward-facing feed inlet 401 fixedly connected to the fertilizer applicator frame 1 behind the cutter shaft 2. The front end of the soil fertilizer shell 4 is inclined upward and bent forward in the direction of the rotary tillers 3. Soil clods thrown backward by the rotary tillers 3 during rotary tilling enter the soil fertilizer shell 4 through the feed inlet 401. A plurality of mixed fertilizers are arranged in the soil fertilizer shell 4 below the feed inlet 401. A fixed blade 17 is attached to a horizontally arranged mixing center shaft 27 on the fertilizer applicator frame 1. Rotating disks 29 are connected to the left and right ends of the mixing shaft inside the soil-fertilizer shell 4. At least one mixing side shaft 26 is connected between the two rotating disks 29, and two mixing side shafts 26 are connected between the two rotating disks 29. The two mixing side shafts 26 are symmetrically arranged about the center of the rotating disks 29. Several mixing moving blades 25, corresponding one-to-one with the fixed mixing blade 17, are arranged on the mixing side shafts 26. The mixing moving blades 25 are located between two adjacent fixed mixing blades 17. A discharge port 402 is opened at the lower rear end of the fertilizer shell. A connecting groove 403 is also opened at the upper end of the soil-fertilizer shell 4. A fixed connection is made to the soil-fertilizer shell 4 at the connecting groove 403. The fixing block 20 corresponds one-to-one with the first fertilizer pipe 5. Supporting baffles 19 are fixedly connected to both sides of the end of the fixing block 20 that extends into the soil-fertilizer shell 4. Rotating baffles 18 are rotatably connected to the supporting baffles 19. A sliding groove for connecting the rotating baffles 18 and supporting baffles 19 is opened at the downward-facing end of the supporting baffles 19. Sealing plates 28 are connected to both ends of the soil-fertilizer shell 4. A feeding chamber with an upward-facing inlet 401 is formed between the inner wall of the soil-fertilizer shell 4 and the inner wall of the sealing plates 28, both ends of which are closed. After the rotating baffle 18 is sleeved on the mixing center shaft 27, it is inserted into the supporting baffle 19 from bottom to top via the sliding groove. When the supporting baffle 19 moves to the corresponding fixing block… When the 20 is in position, several support baffles 19 are then fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed block 20 from left to right. After the connection of several support baffles 19 is completed, two sealing plates 28 are fixedly connected to the side of the soil and fertilizer shell 4 respectively. The rotating baffle 18 is connected to the mixing center shaft 27. The rotating baffle 18 has a through groove 1801 for the mixing moving blade 25 to pass through. There is a fertilization gap S between the two support baffles 19 connected to a fixed block 20. The first fertilization pipe 5 extends into the corresponding fertilization gap S on the left and right sides of the intermediate transmission box 7. The area of ​​the soil and fertilizer shell 4 at the fertilization gap S is a fertilizer discharge channel with closed left and right ends and an open rear end. The fertilizer discharge channel is connected to the discharge port 402.

[0052] The fertilizer box 8 contains base fertilizer. The first automatic fertilizer applicator 6 is existing technology and can automatically discharge fertilizer. The number of the first automatic fertilizer applicator 6 and the fixing block 20 is set according to actual needs. This application only provides an illustration and does not represent the actual number in implementation. The cutter shaft 2 and the mixing center shaft 27 rotate. The cutter shaft 2 drives the rotary tiller 3 to rotate. The rotary tiller 3 tills the soil. The tilled soil clods are thrown backward by the rotary tiller 3. The thrown soil clods enter the soil and fertilizer shell 4 through the feed inlet 401. The mixing center shaft 27 drives the rotating disk 29 to rotate. The rotating disk 29 drives the two mixing side shafts 26 to rotate. The two mixing side shafts 26 drive the rotating baffle 18 to rotate. At the same time, they drive each mixing blade 25 to rotate around the rotating baffle 18. The rotating mixing blade 25 and the stationary mixing blade 17 work together to crush soil clods into fine soil. The compound fertilizer discharged from the first fertilizer pipe 5 enters the front end of the fertilizer discharge channel. The compound fertilizer mixes with the crushed soil clods and is discharged from the discharge port 402 at a fixed distance. The soil-fertilizer shell 4 between two adjacent fixed blocks 20 is discharged through the discharge port 402 as fine soil without compound fertilizer. In this embodiment, the rotating baffle 18 can improve the reliability of the rotation of each mixing blade 25 and block the fertilizer discharge channel and adjacent fertilizer discharge channels. That is, it can also achieve the fixed distance mixing of compound fertilizer and crushed fine soil, and achieve precise positioning fertilization.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment and can further avoid the omission of fertilizer application at the intermediate transmission box 7.

[0055] Specifically, an intermediate transmission box 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fertilizer applicator frame 1. The output end of the intermediate transmission box 7 is connected to the cutter shaft 2 and the mixing center shaft 27 respectively. A second automatic fertilizer applicator 11 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer boxes 8 on both sides of the intermediate transmission box 7. The first automatic fertilizer applicator 6 is also existing technology and can automatically discharge fertilizer. A second fertilizer pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second automatic fertilizer applicator 11. Several fixed blocks 20 corresponding to the second fertilizer pipe 10 are also fixedly connected to the soil and fertilizer shell 4. A first fertilizer replenishing sleeve 36 and a second fertilizer replenishing sleeve 37 arranged sequentially from left to right are fixedly connected to the fertilizer applicator frame 1 below the intermediate transmission box 7. The opposite ends of the first fertilizer replenishing sleeve 36 and the second fertilizer replenishing sleeve 37 are sleeved together. The center of the first fertilizer replenishing sleeve 36 is rotatably connected to the first fertilizer conveying shaft 21. The center of the second fertilizer replenishing sleeve 37 is rotatably connected to the second fertilizer conveying shaft 23, which is connected to the intermediate transmission box 7. The right end of the first fertilizer conveying shaft 21 and the second fertilizer replenishing sleeve 37 are connected to the second fertilizer conveying shaft 23. The left end of the two fertilizer conveying shafts 23 is connected. The first fertilizer conveying shaft 21 is provided with a spirally arranged first fertilizer conveying blade 22, and the second fertilizer conveying shaft 23 is provided with a spirally arranged second fertilizer conveying blade 24. The spiral directions of the first fertilizer conveying blade 22 and the second fertilizer conveying blade 24 are opposite. Both the lower side of the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9 and the lower side of the second fertilizer conveying sleeve 16, which are close to the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9, are fixed with downwardly extending anti-leakage fertilizer tubes 901. The inner cavities of the two anti-leakage fertilizer tubes 901 are respectively connected to the inner cavities of the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9 and the second fertilizer conveying sleeve 16. The upper left side of the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9 and the upper right side of the second fertilizer conveying sleeve 16 are respectively provided with fertilizer inlet holes. The lower side of the second fertilizer tube 10 on the left covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the left and fits against the upper left side of the first fertilizer replenishment sleeve 36. The lower side of the second fertilizer tube 10 on the right covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the right and fits against the upper right side of the second fertilizer replenishment sleeve 37. The anti-leakage fertilizer tube 901 extends into the fertilizer gap S below the intermediate transmission box 7.

[0056] The compound fertilizer discharged from the two second fertilizer pipes 10 at the left and right ends of the intermediate transmission box 7 enters the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9 and the second fertilizer conveying sleeve 16 respectively. When the intermediate transmission box 7 has power output, it drives the second fertilizer conveying shaft 23 to rotate. The second fertilizer conveying shaft 23 drives the first fertilizer conveying shaft 21 to rotate. The second fertilizer conveying shaft 23 and the first fertilizer conveying shaft 21 drive the first fertilizer conveying blade 22 and the second fertilizer conveying blade 24 to rotate respectively. The first fertilizer conveying blade 22 conveys the compound fertilizer to the right, and the second fertilizer conveying blade 24 conveys the compound fertilizer to the left. The fertilizer in the first fertilizer conveying sleeve 9 enters the fertilization gap S at the left end through the anti-leakage fertilizer pipe 901 at the left end. The compound fertilizer in the second fertilizer conveying sleeve 16 enters the fertilization gap S at the right end through the anti-leakage fertilizer pipe 901 at the right end, thus avoiding the leakage of compound fertilizer at the intermediate transmission box 7.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment and can further realize the rotation of each axis.

[0059] Specifically, the fertilizer applicator frame 1 is fixedly connected to a front transmission box 30 and a rear transmission box 31 at its two ends in the left-right direction, respectively. The output end of the front transmission box 30 is connected to the cutter shaft 2. The left and right ends of the intermediate transmission box 7 are respectively connected to intermediate output shafts 3513. A power transmission box 34 is fixedly connected to the fertilizer applicator frame 1 between the intermediate transmission box 7 and the front transmission box 30. The intermediate output shaft 3513 is connected to the input end of the power transmission box 34. The end of the power transmission box 34 away from the intermediate output shaft 3513 is connected to a front output shaft 32 and a rear output shaft 33 spaced apart in the front-rear direction. The end of the front output shaft 32 away from the power transmission box 34 is connected to the input end of the front transmission box 30, that is, the front output shaft 32 provides input power to the front transmission box 30. The end of the rear output shaft 33 away from the power transmission box 34 is connected to the input end of the rear transmission box 31, that is, the rear output shaft 33 provides input power to the rear transmission box 31, and the output end of the rear transmission box 31 is fixedly connected to the mixing center shaft 27; a transmission wheel 12 is connected to the front output shaft 32, and a driven wheel 15 is fixedly connected to the second fertilization shaft on the right side of the second fertilization sleeve. The transmission wheel 12 is connected to the driven wheel 15 via a transmission belt 14, and a connecting groove 403 is opened on the fertilization frame 1 to allow the transmission belt 14 to pass through.

[0060] In implementation, the fertilizer applicator frame 1 is vertically and flexibly connected to the rear of the traveling device, preferably a tractor. The traveling device provides rotational power to the intermediate transmission box 7. The intermediate transmission box 7, power transmission box 34, front transmission box 30, and rear transmission box 31 are all prior art, and their internal transmission structures are not improvements of this application and do not need to be disclosed in this application. During operation, the traveling device provides power input to the intermediate transmission box 7, the intermediate transmission shaft rotates, the intermediate transmission shaft provides power input to the power transmission box 34, the front output shaft 32 and the rear output shaft 33 rotate, the front output shaft 32 provides power input to the corresponding front transmission box 30, and the rear output shaft 33 provides power input to the corresponding rear transmission box 31. The output end of the front transmission box 30 drives the cutter shaft 2 to rotate, and the output end of the rear transmission box 31 drives the mixing center shaft 27 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of each shaft.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] This embodiment is based on Embodiments 1 to 4. In this embodiment, Jinxiangyu No. 1 is used as the test variety, with a thousand-grain weight of 26.5g. The mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 1:0.4:0.8. In addition, potassium fertilizer (K2O) and phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) are applied to the field as base fertilizer in one go along with the crushed fine soil. Among them, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate (containing 12.5% ​​P2O5) and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride (containing 57% K2O). The slow-release fertilizer carried in the seedling tray is polymer coated (containing 30% nitrogen). The nitrogen fertilizer applied at the jointing stage is urea (containing 46.4% nitrogen). The actual amount of fertilizer used is calculated according to the nutrient content and applied as needed.

[0063] Rice seedlings are cultivated using special seedling trays for rice pot-shaped mat seedlings. The special seedling trays for rice pot-shaped mat seedlings are soft trays, 58 cm long (34 holes) and 30 cm wide (14 holes), with a total of 434 holes. 45 trays are used per mu (0.067 hectares), and each tray contains 80g of dry seeds.

[0064] Set up 5 processes:

[0065] Treatment 1: Apply 270 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, including 20% ​​of the required pure nitrogen per hectare in slow-release fertilizer carried in seedling trays, and 80% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare in panicle fertilizer, with each seedling tray carrying 267 g of slow-release fertilizer. At the jointing stage (N-n+3 leaf stage), apply 470 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) per hectare as a top dressing. During seedling raising, each tray contains 3600 g of seedling substrate, including 3333 g of nutrient soil and 267 g of the new slow-release fertilizer. After sowing, cover with soil. Each tray contains 80 g of dry seeds. Before transplanting, the base fertilizer is: superphosphate at 864 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the application rate is 379 kg / hm². 2 .

[0066] Treatment 2: Apply 270 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, including slow-release fertilizer in the seedling trays, accounting for 40% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare, and top dressing accounting for 60% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare. Each seedling tray carries 534 g of slow-release fertilizer. At the jointing stage (N-n+3 leaf stage), apply 352 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) per hectare. Each seedling tray contains 3600 g of seedling substrate, including 3066 g of nutrient soil and 534 g of new slow-release fertilizer. After that, sow and cover with soil. Each tray contains 80 g of dry seeds. The application rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are the same as in Treatment 1.

[0067] Treatment 3: Apply 270 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, of which the amount of fertilizer carried in the seedling trays accounts for 60% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare, and the amount of fertilizer applied to the panicle accounts for 40% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare. Each seedling tray carries 800 g of slow-release fertilizer. At the jointing stage (N-n+3 leaf stage), apply 235 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) per hectare. Each seedling tray contains 3600 g of seedling substrate, which includes 2800 g of nutrient soil and 800 g of new slow-release fertilizer. After that, sow and cover with soil. Each tray contains 80 g of dry seeds. The amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied is the same as in Treatment 1.

[0068] CK1: Seedlings were raised in trays without fertilizer. 270 kg of pure nitrogen was applied per hectare. The ratio of basal fertilizer to panicle fertilizer was 6:4. Panicle fertilizer was applied in equal amounts at the 4th and 2nd leaf stages from the top. The amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied was the same as in treatment 1. 80 g of dry seeds were placed in each tray and the seeds were covered with soil after sowing.

[0069] CK2: Conventional blanket seedling raising (seedling trays do not carry fertilizer), the timing and amount of field fertilization are the same as CK1, 110g of dry seeds per tray, and cover with soil after sowing.

[0070] High-yield cultivation techniques were used for transplanting. 4-5 seedlings were planted per hole, ensuring 15,000-20,000 holes per acre. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, with a plot area of ​​20 square meters. 2 The irrigation and drainage systems are arranged randomly, with protective rows around the perimeter of each community. Each community is enclosed by a plastic film embankment to ensure independent irrigation and drainage, thereby reducing mutual impact between communities.

[0071] In this example, rice seedlings are transplanted at an appropriate age of 18-20 days. By adjusting the seedling picking capacity of the seedling claws of the special rice transplanter for potted seedlings and the planting spacing, on the one hand, the seedling claws can better pick up the fertilizer in the pot along with the seedlings and transfer them to the field. On the other hand, the number of basic seedlings planted in the field is 80% to 90% of the final expected number of effective panicles.

[0072] Post-transplantation field water management includes the following steps:

[0073] From the time the rice seedlings in pots were transplanted until they reached the Nn-2 leaf stage, the field was irrigated with shallow water; from the time the rice seedlings in pots were at the Nn-1 leaf stage to the time they reached the N-n+3 leaf stage, the field was irrigated after it had dried naturally; after the rice seedlings reached the N-n+3 leaf stage, the field was irrigated with alternating wet and dry water.

[0074] Apply urea at the N-n+3 leaf age of rice, where N is the number of leaves on the main stem of rice and n is the number of elongated internodes at the base of the main stem of rice.

[0075] When machine transplanting, use a shallow water level to ensure the seedlings survive. During the tillering stage, maintain a stable shallow water layer for irrigation. When the number of tillers reaches 85% of the expected number of ears, begin draining the field and allowing it to dry slightly. Maintain moist irrigation from the jointing stage to maturity. Stop irrigation 5-7 days before harvest. Implement pest, disease, and weed control measures uniformly according to local large-scale production practices.

[0076] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1. Effects of different fertilization treatments on rice yield

[0078]

[0079] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments.

[0080] In treatment 1, the mass ratio of fertilizer carried in the seedling tray to topdressing fertilizer applied in the field was 2:8; in treatment 2, the mass ratio of fertilizer carried in the seedling tray to topdressing fertilizer applied in the field was 4:6; in treatment 3, the mass ratio of fertilizer carried in the seedling tray to topdressing fertilizer applied in the field was 6:4; in CK1, the seedling tray contained conventional seedlings in seedling trays; and in CK2, the seedling tray contained conventional seedlings in seedling trays.

[0081] Table 1 shows that the yield of fertilized cuttings was significantly higher than that of CK1 and CK2, by 3.85%-10.63% and 9.82%-16.92%, respectively; among them, treatment 3 had the highest yield, at 11075.40 kg / hm². 2 The yield of rice raised in pure nutrient soil with potted blanket seedlings increased by 10.63%, and the yield of rice raised in pure nutrient soil with conventional blanket seedlings increased by 16.92%.

[0082] This invention provides a one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer during seedling raising and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as basal fertilizer. Compared to the conventional method of applying basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and heading fertilizer (at the 4th and 2nd leaf stages from the top), this reduces the number of fertilization applications by three, resulting in a total reduction of 45 labor days per hectare. Based on a cost of 100 yuan per labor day for fertilization, this translates to a total reduction in labor costs of 4500 yuan / hm². 2 .

[0083] In summary, this invention improves the fertilization method and ratio according to the fertilizer requirements of rice at different growth stages, and combines ordinary phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as base fertilizer for one-time application. This reduces the number of fertilizations by three compared to farmers' conventional fertilization methods. The method is simple and easy to master, which not only saves costs but also increases yield.

[0084] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, Rice seedlings are cultivated in special seedling trays for potted blanket seedlings. The seedling substrate in each tray is a mixture of nutrient soil and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer. One day before rice transplanting, use a fertilizer applicator to apply a mixture of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer into the field along with the rotary tilled soil. Flood the field and level it. When transplanting, the seedlings and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in their pots should be transplanted to the field simultaneously. From the time the rice seedlings in pots were transplanted until they reached the Nn-2 leaf age, the field was irrigated with shallow water. From the time the rice seedlings in pots were at the Nn-1 leaf age until they reached the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated after it had dried naturally. After the rice seedlings reached the N-n+3 leaf age, the field was irrigated with alternating wet and dry water. Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the N-n+3 leaf age of the rice; Where N is the number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and n is the number of elongated internodes at the base of the main stem of rice; The fertilizer applicator includes a fertilizer applicator frame (1), a fertilizer box (8) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fertilizer applicator frame (1), a cutter shaft (2) is rotatably connected to the lower part of the fertilizer applicator frame (1) in front of the fertilizer box (8), a plurality of rotary tillage blades (3) are arranged on the cutter shaft (2), a plurality of first automatic fertilizer applicators (6) are arranged on the lower side of the fertilizer box (8), a first fertilizer pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first automatic fertilizer applicator (6), and a feed inlet (40) is fixedly connected to the fertilizer applicator frame (1) behind the cutter shaft (2). 1) The soil fertilizer shell (4) has its front end tilted upwards and bent forward in the direction of the rotary tiller (3). The soil clods thrown backwards by the rotary tiller (3) enter the soil fertilizer shell (4) through the feed inlet (401). Several mixing fixed blades (17) are arranged inside the soil fertilizer shell (4) below the feed inlet (401). A horizontally set mixing center shaft (27) is connected to the fertilizer applicator frame (1). Rotating discs (29) are connected to the left and right ends of the mixing shaft inside the soil fertilizer shell (4). The two rotating discs (29) are connected to each other. At least one mixing side shaft (26) is provided, on which several mixing moving blades (25) are arranged, each corresponding to a mixing fixed blade (17). The mixing moving blades (25) are located between two adjacent mixing fixed blades (17). A discharge port (402) is provided at the lower part of the rear end of the fertilizer shell. A connecting groove (403) is also provided at the upper end of the fertilizer shell (4). A fixing block (20) corresponding to the first fertilizer pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the fertilizer shell (4) at the connecting groove (403). The fixing block (20) extends into the fertilizer shell. Support baffles (19) are fixedly connected to both the left and right sides of one end of the shell (4). Rotating baffles (18) are rotatably connected to the support baffles (19). The rotating baffles (18) are connected to the mixing center shaft (27). A through groove (1801) is opened on the rotating baffles (18) for the mixing moving blade (25) to pass through. There is a fertilizer gap (S) between the two support baffles (19) connected to a fixed block (20). The first fertilizer tube (5) extends into the corresponding fertilizer gaps (S) on the left and right sides of the intermediate transmission box (7).

2. The simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has a release cycle of 110 to 120 days, and each seedling tray contains 1.8 kg of substrate, including 1000 g of nutrient soil and 800 g of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.

3. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The special seedling tray for the potted blanket-shaped seedlings is a soft tray, with a length of 58 cm and a width of 30 cm, and a usage of 45 trays per acre.

4. The simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a rate of 60% to 70% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare.

5. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 4, characterized in that: During the planting period, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer applied is ordinary urea, and the amount applied is 30% to 40% of the required pure nitrogen per hectare.

6. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, applied at a rate of 864 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer mentioned is potassium chloride, and the application rate is 379 kg / hm². 2 .

7. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the fertilizer applicator frame (1) is fixedly connected to an intermediate transmission box (7). The output end of the intermediate transmission box (7) is connected to the cutter shaft (2) and the mixing center shaft (27) respectively. The lower side of the fertilizer boxes (8) on the left and right sides of the intermediate transmission box (7) is fixedly connected to a second automatic fertilizer applicator (11). The lower side of the second automatic fertilizer applicator (11) is fixedly connected to a second fertilizer pipe (10). The fertilizer applicator frame (1) below the intermediate transmission box (7) is fixedly connected to a first fertilizer supply sleeve (36) and a second fertilizer supply sleeve (37) arranged sequentially from left to right. The opposite ends of the first fertilizer supply sleeve (36) and the second fertilizer supply sleeve (37) are sleeved together. The center of the first fertilizer supply sleeve (36) is rotatably connected to a first fertilizer conveying shaft (21). The center of the second fertilizer supply sleeve (37) is rotatably connected to a second fertilizer conveying shaft (23). The right end of the first fertilizer conveying shaft (21) and the left end of the second fertilizer conveying shaft (23) are connected. The fertilizer shaft (21) is provided with a first fertilizer conveying blade (22) arranged in a spiral, and the second fertilizer conveying shaft (23) is provided with a second fertilizer conveying blade (24) arranged in a spiral. The spiral directions of the first fertilizer conveying blade (22) and the second fertilizer conveying blade (24) are opposite. Both the lower side of the first fertilizer conveying sleeve (9) and the lower side of the second fertilizer conveying sleeve (16) close to the first fertilizer conveying sleeve (9) are fixed with downwardly extending anti-leakage fertilizer pipes (901). The inner cavity of the tube (901) is connected to the inner cavities of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve (9) and the second fertilizer delivery sleeve (16). The upper left side of the first fertilizer delivery sleeve (9) and the upper right side of the second fertilizer delivery sleeve (16) are respectively provided with fertilizer inlet holes. The lower side of the second fertilizer delivery tube (10) on the left covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the left and is attached to the upper left side of the first fertilizer replenishment sleeve (36). The lower side of the second fertilizer delivery tube (10) on the right covers the fertilizer inlet hole on the right and is attached to the upper right side of the second fertilizer replenishment sleeve (37).

8. A simplified fertilization and planting method for rice based on seed-fertilizer contact seedling raising as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The leak-proof fertilizer pipe (901) extends into the fertilizer application gap (S) below the intermediate transmission box (7).

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