A tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system

Abstract

The present invention provides a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method and system, and the present invention relates to the field of ventilation early warning coordination. The scheme of the present invention: in the first aspect, the tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method collects image information in the tunnel in real time and monitors it in real time; analyzes construction personnel information, tunnel collapse information and tunnel wall crack information; controls intelligent ventilation in the tunnel according to construction personnel information; controls emergency ventilation in the tunnel according to tunnel collapse information, and sends an alarm signal to external terminals; controls emergency ventilation in the tunnel according to tunnel wall crack information, and sends a pre-alarm signal to external terminals. In the second aspect, the tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system includes a fan, an air duct, an information collection unit, a controller unit, an alarm unit, a risk warning unit and an emergency air supply component. The present invention can collect image information in the tunnel in real time, analyze the image information, and can make related actions such as alarm and coordination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent ventilation alarm in tunnels, specifically to a method and system for early warning monitoring and adjustment of tunnel ventilation. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are crucial transportation infrastructure. During tunnel excavation, factors such as explosives, the use of internal combustion machinery, and the release of harmful gases from the ground during excavation can cause severe air pollution inside the tunnel, posing a significant health risk. Therefore, tunnel ventilation is essential. Ventilation supplies fresh air to the tunnel and removes harmful gases, vapors, dust, and fumes, ensuring that the temperature, relative humidity, and airflow velocity within the tunnel meet specified standards. The ventilation method should be determined based on factors such as tunnel length, cross-sectional size, construction methods, and equipment conditions. There are two main types of ventilation: natural ventilation and forced mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation utilizes the temperature or pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tunnel. It is generally limited to short, straight tunnels and is highly dependent on external climate conditions. Therefore, relying solely on natural ventilation is rare; the vast majority of tunnels utilize forced mechanical ventilation.

[0003] During tunnel excavation, it is necessary to automatically detect airflow, dust, harmful gases, temperature, and humidity within the tunnel, and to improve the ventilation status monitoring system, automatic control and adjustment facilities, and control execution system. Patent CN105867262B discloses an automatic ventilation monitoring system for tunnel construction, comprising a monitoring cabinet, a field control cabinet, and a sensor cabinet. The sensor cabinet collects environmental parameters from the site using sensors and transmits them wirelessly to the field control cabinet. The monitoring cabinet and the field control cabinet are connected via optical fiber. The field control cabinet and the sensor cabinet communicate via a wireless local area network. The field control cabinet displays sensor parameters on a touchscreen and transmits control commands and sensor parameters to the monitoring cabinet via optical fiber. The monitoring cabinet receives and displays the environmental parameters and uses a decision algorithm to control the frequency of the inverter, thereby adjusting the airflow of the fan. As shown in the specification and drawings of this patent, during tunnel construction, environmental parameters such as airflow, dust, harmful gases, temperature, and humidity within the tunnel are transmitted to the monitoring cabinet in real time. The monitoring cabinet controls the frequency of the inverter based on changes in these environmental parameters, thereby adjusting the airflow within the tunnel. However, the air outlet of the fan is fixed in a predetermined position inside the tunnel. The fan can only deliver air to the predetermined position inside the tunnel, and the delivered air then slowly diffuses to the surrounding area inside the tunnel. In order to supply fresh air, expel harmful gases and control temperature in a timely manner in various positions inside the tunnel, the fan needs to increase its power to achieve rapid diffusion of the air delivered from the outlet.

[0004] In the event of an accident, to protect construction workers from or minimize respiratory damage caused by harmful gases, fresh air needs to be delivered to their location immediately. However, even if the air supplied from the outlet in the aforementioned patented technical solution rapidly diffuses within the tunnel, it cannot reach the area requiring emergency ventilation in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method, which can address the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art by analyzing the safety situation in the tunnel in real time, issuing an alarm in a timely manner if an accident occurs in the tunnel, and supplying emergency ventilation into the tunnel to ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system that addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing solutions, analyzing the safety situation inside the tunnel in real time, issuing timely alarms in the event of an accident inside the tunnel, and providing emergency ventilation to the tunnel to ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] Firstly, a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method includes the following steps: real-time acquisition of image information inside the tunnel, and real-time monitoring of the tunnel through the image information; processing the image information to analyze and obtain information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks; controlling intelligent ventilation inside the tunnel based on the construction personnel information; controlling emergency ventilation inside the tunnel based on the tunnel collapse information and sending an alarm signal to an external terminal; and controlling emergency ventilation inside the tunnel based on the tunnel wall crack information and sending a pre-alarm signal to an external terminal.

[0009] Based on the first aspect, further, in the invention, the steps of controlling intelligent ventilation in the tunnel according to the construction personnel information include: controlling fixed-point ventilation in the tunnel when multiple construction personnel gather in the tunnel; and controlling emergency ventilation in the tunnel when multiple construction personnel disperse in the tunnel.

[0010] Based on the first aspect, further in the invention, when the tunnel wall crack information is analyzed, the steps of controlling emergency ventilation in the tunnel and sending a pre-alarm signal to the external terminal include: the tunnel wall crack information includes the crack area ratio, the total crack area, and the crack area change rate; when the crack area ratio, the total crack area, and the crack area change rate are all greater than a threshold, a pre-alarm signal is sent to the external terminal.

[0011] Secondly, a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system is applied to a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method, including a fan, a duct, an information acquisition unit, a controller unit, an emergency air supply component, and a traction component; multiple information acquisition units are installed along the extension direction inside the tunnel; the output end of the fan cooperates with the duct, which is installed along the extension direction of the tunnel; the emergency air supply component is installed inside the duct, and the duct has multiple emergency air supply sections that cooperate with the emergency air supply component along the extension direction; the traction component can pull the emergency air supply component to move back and forth along the extension direction of the duct, so that the emergency air supply component cooperates with the preset emergency air supply sections; the information acquisition unit is connected to the risk early warning unit; the traction component, the fan, the alarm unit, and the risk early warning unit are all connected to the controller unit.

[0012] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the aforementioned emergency air supply assembly includes an emergency air supply shell and connecting side plates; both sides of the emergency air supply shell are connected to the connecting side plates; in the emergency ventilation state, the traction assembly pulls the emergency air supply shell to cooperate with the preset emergency air supply section, and the connecting side plates on both sides of the emergency air supply shell open the preset emergency air supply section, and the fan supplies air to the preset emergency air supply section; in the non-emergency ventilation state, all emergency air supply sections are closed, the fan supplies air to one end of the air duct, and the other end of the air duct supplies air into the tunnel.

[0013] Based on the second aspect, further in the invention, the emergency air supply shell is provided with a first air outlet on both sides, a second air outlet that cooperates with the first air outlet is provided on the connecting side plate, and a third air outlet is provided on the connecting side plate near the fan. In the emergency ventilation state, the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell is offset from the second air outlet of the connecting side plate, and the third air outlet of the connecting side plate near the fan is connected to the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell. In the non-emergency ventilation state, the second air outlet of the connecting side plate is connected to the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell.

[0014] Based on the second aspect, further in the invention, the inner wall of the aforementioned emergency air supply shell is equipped with a support member, and a first elastic member is connected between the support member and the connecting side plate; the emergency air supply section is provided with an emergency air supply port, and mounting grooves are provided on both sides of the emergency air supply port. A second elastic member is connected to the surface wall of the mounting groove, and a baffle plate is connected to the free end of the second elastic member. The baffle plate is provided with an inclined surface that cooperates with the connecting side plate; in the emergency ventilation state, the connecting side plate is pressed against the inclined surface of the baffle plate by the first elastic member, and the baffle plate moves into the mounting groove after being forced, opening the emergency air supply port; in the non-emergency ventilation state, the connecting side plate moves away from the emergency air supply section, and the baffle plate moves out of the mounting groove under the action of the second elastic member, closing the emergency air supply port.

[0015] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the above also includes a lighting assembly, which includes a generator, a connector, wind turbine blades, and a lighting lamp; the generator is installed inside the emergency air supply housing, the input end of the generator is connected to the connector, the connector is circumferentially mounted with multiple wind turbine blades, the height of the multiple wind turbine blades being adapted to the height of the first air outlet; the output end of the generator is connected to the lighting lamp, which is located inside the emergency air supply housing.

[0016] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the above-mentioned traction assembly includes a traction member, a guide rail, and a slider;

[0017] Guide rails are installed on both sides inside the duct, and the guide rails are installed along the extension direction of the duct. Two oppositely arranged sliders are installed at the bottom of the emergency air supply shell, and the sliders cooperate with the corresponding guide rails. The traction component can control the sliders to move back and forth along the extension direction of the guide rails.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the second aspect, in the invention, multiple environmental feature sensors are installed along the extension direction inside the tunnel, and all of the multiple environmental feature sensors are connected to the controller unit.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0020] Firstly, embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method, which analyzes the safety situation inside the tunnel in real time, and then obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks; based on the construction personnel information, intelligent ventilation is provided into the tunnel; based on the tunnel collapse information, emergency ventilation is provided into the tunnel, and an alarm signal is sent to an external terminal; based on the tunnel wall crack information, emergency ventilation is provided into the tunnel, and a pre-alarm signal is sent to an external terminal; intelligent ventilation in the tunnel can ensure the safety of construction personnel and improve the quality of the construction environment, and can promptly send alarm signals to the outside world when danger occurs inside the tunnel.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system. The information acquisition unit can collect image information inside the tunnel in real time. The risk early warning unit processes the image information and obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks. The risk early warning unit can analyze the safety situation inside the tunnel based on the above information. If tunnel collapse information is obtained, the risk early warning unit sends an alarm signal to the controller unit. The controller unit controls the alarm unit to send an alarm signal to an external terminal and provides emergency ventilation to the tunnel. If only one construction team is working inside the tunnel, the controller unit controls the system to provide emergency ventilation to the tunnel and can reduce the power of the fan to save electricity. If multiple construction teams are working inside the tunnel, the controller unit controls the system to provide fixed-point ventilation to the tunnel. If the tunnel wall cracks exceed a threshold, the controller unit controls the alarm unit to send a pre-alarm signal to an external terminal. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A 3D diagram of the tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and control system;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the air duct;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the installation of guide rails and sliders inside an air duct;

[0027] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the controller unit;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of an environmental feature sensor;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of image information processing principle for risk warning unit 28;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the safety situation within the tunnel, used for risk warning analysis.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the image processing principle.

[0032] Figure 10 A flowchart for the tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method.

[0033] The attached diagram shows the following components and their corresponding names: 1-Tunnel, 2-Fan, 3-Air duct, 4-Emergency air supply shell, 5-Bearing component, 6-Generator, 7-Lighting lamp, 8-Connector, 9-Wind turbine blade, 10-Emergency air supply outlet, 11-Wind baffle, 12-Sloping section, 13-Mounting groove, 14-First air outlet, 15-Second air outlet, 16-Third air outlet, 17-Guide rail, 18-Slider, 19-Emergency air supply unit, 20-Controller unit, 21-Traction assembly, 22-Oxygen sensor, 23-CO concentration sensor, 24-Information acquisition unit, 25-Dust concentration sensor, 26-Temperature sensor, 27-Environmental characteristic sensor, 28-Risk warning unit, 29-Alarm unit, 30-Connection side plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0035] Please refer to Figure 10 .

[0036] A tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method includes the following steps: real-time acquisition of image information inside tunnel 1, and real-time monitoring of tunnel 1 through image information; processing of image information, and analysis to obtain construction personnel information, tunnel collapse information, and tunnel wall crack information; intelligent ventilation control inside tunnel 1 based on construction personnel information; emergency ventilation control inside tunnel 1 based on tunnel collapse information, and sending alarm signals to external terminals; and emergency ventilation control inside tunnel 1 based on tunnel wall crack information, and sending pre-alarm signals to external terminals.

[0037] In this embodiment, S101: Real-time acquisition of image information within the tunnel, enabling real-time monitoring of the tunnel; acquiring image information within tunnel 1, covering the entire area within tunnel 1, thus achieving comprehensive monitoring of tunnel 1; S102: Processing image information, analyzing to obtain information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks; performing filtering and noise reduction operations on the image information to improve its accuracy; the recognition model analyzes the processed image information to identify information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks; S103: When construction personnel information is obtained, controlling intelligent ventilation within tunnel 1; when construction personnel information is obtained from the image information analysis, a construction team is working within tunnel 1. Based on the number and location of the construction team within the tunnel, intelligent ventilation is implemented within tunnel 1, making the intelligent ventilation method more environmentally friendly and efficient; S104: Analyzing to obtain... When information about a tunnel collapse is received, emergency ventilation is initiated in Tunnel 1, and an alarm signal is sent to external terminals. When image information analysis confirms a tunnel collapse, a collapse occurs in Tunnel 1. Emergency ventilation is promptly initiated to remove dust and harmful gases from the collapsed area, and fresh air is supplied to the collapsed area for the use of construction workers trapped inside the tunnel. Simultaneously, an alarm signal is sent to the outside world, enabling rescue forces to promptly reach the affected tunnel for rescue. S105: When information about tunnel wall cracks is obtained, emergency ventilation is initiated in Tunnel 1, and a pre-alarm signal is sent to external terminals. When information about tunnel wall cracks is obtained, cracks appear on the surface of Tunnel 1, and the cracks can be analyzed to determine if a collapse is likely at the crack location. Emergency ventilation is initiated in advance at the crack location. If Tunnel 1 collapses, rescue measures can be taken immediately, and a pre-alarm signal is sent to external terminals, allowing relevant personnel to take remedial measures for the cracks in Tunnel 1.

[0038] Based on the first aspect, further, in the invention, the steps of controlling intelligent ventilation in tunnel 1 according to construction personnel information include: controlling fixed-point ventilation in tunnel 1 when multiple construction personnel gather in tunnel 1; and controlling emergency ventilation in tunnel 1 when multiple construction personnel disperse in tunnel 1.

[0039] In this embodiment, when construction personnel information appears inside tunnel 1, intelligent ventilation can be implemented inside tunnel 1. The intelligent ventilation method includes fixed-point ventilation and emergency ventilation. Specifically, fixed-point ventilation: ventilation is implemented at a preset location inside tunnel 1, and fresh air diffuses within tunnel 1, eventually covering the entire tunnel 1. This is suitable for scenarios where multiple construction teams are working separately within tunnel 1. Emergency ventilation: Firstly, when a hazard occurs inside tunnel 1, emergency ventilation is controlled within tunnel 1, allowing fresh air to be promptly and abundantly supplied to the accident site. This can remove harmful gases and dust from the accident site and provide fresh air to trapped construction personnel. Secondly, when multiple construction teams are gathered together in tunnel 1, emergency ventilation is controlled within tunnel 1, allowing fresh air to be promptly and abundantly supplied to the construction site. Fresh air can be supplied to multiple construction teams simultaneously without considering whether the fresh air can diffuse to the surrounding area, offering the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving.

[0040] Based on the first aspect, further in the invention, when analyzing the tunnel wall crack information, the steps of controlling emergency ventilation in tunnel 1 and sending a pre-alarm signal to an external terminal include: the tunnel wall crack information includes the crack area ratio, the total crack area, and the crack area change rate; when the crack area ratio, the total crack area, and the crack area change rate are all greater than a threshold, a pre-alarm signal is sent to an external terminal.

[0041] In this embodiment, crack analysis mainly focuses on three factors: crack area ratio, total crack area, and crack area change rate. If the measurement results of all three factors exceed the threshold, it will be determined that a collapse will occur in tunnel 1, and a pre-alarm message will be sent to an external terminal. If only the crack area ratio is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not issue a collapse alarm if the crack area does not spread for a long time. If only the total crack area is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not issue a collapse alarm if the total crack area is much smaller than the area of ​​tunnel 1. If only the crack area change rate is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not issue a collapse alarm if the crack area change rate is much smaller than the area of ​​tunnel 1. Using crack area ratio, total crack area, and crack area change rate together to determine tunnel collapse can greatly improve accuracy. Example 2

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 .

[0043] Secondly, the tunnel intelligent ventilation control system includes a fan 2, a duct 3, an information acquisition unit 24, a controller unit 20, an emergency air supply component, and a traction component 21. Multiple information acquisition units 24 are installed in the tunnel 1 along the extension direction. The output end of the fan 2 is connected to the duct 3, which is installed along the extension direction of the tunnel 1. The emergency air supply component is installed in the duct 3, and the duct 3 has multiple emergency air supply sections 19 that cooperate with the emergency air supply component along the extension direction. The traction component 21 can pull the emergency air supply component to move back and forth along the extension direction of the duct 3, so that the emergency air supply component cooperates with the preset emergency air supply sections 19. The information acquisition unit 24 is connected to the risk warning unit 28. The traction component 21, the fan 2, the alarm unit 29, and the risk warning unit 28 are all connected to the controller unit 20.

[0044] In this embodiment, during the construction of tunnel 1, the controller unit 20 automatically controls the execution system to ensure the safety of construction personnel inside tunnel 1. The ventilation duct 3 is installed along the extension direction of tunnel 1 and can be installed on the top wall of tunnel 1. The fan 2 is installed outside tunnel 1 (the fan 2 is located in a clean, well-ventilated, and stable location). The output end of the fan 2 is aligned with the ventilation duct 3, allowing the fan 2 to supply air to the ventilation duct 3. The ventilation duct 3 delivers air into tunnel 1 and forces the air out of tunnel 1, thereby expelling harmful gases and dust from tunnel 1 and replenishing it with fresh air to ensure the safety of construction personnel. Multiple information collection units 24 are installed along the extension direction inside tunnel 1, and these units can be installed at certain intervals. Information acquisition unit 24 can collect image information in tunnel 1 in real time. Risk warning unit 28 processes image information and obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse and tunnel wall cracks. The specific processing process is as follows: (1) Image segmentation: Risk warning unit 28 uses the firefly algorithm to find the optimal segmentation threshold and then segments the image background and target; (2) Image feature extraction: A gray-level co-occurrence matrix is ​​established to perform texture features, and corner features are extracted using a feature algorithm based on accelerated segmentation test; (3) CNN identifies target type: Input layer: Input image features; Convolutional layer: Perform convolution operation on image features, (Where, Fj(N) is the j-th feature of the N-th layer; f(x) is the activation function; δi(N) is the bias; Ki is the j-th feature map of channel K; N is the number of layers in the neural network; Oi,j(N) is the convolution kernel); Pooling layer: reduces and lowers image features. (where Yi is the probability of category i, and the output value is 0-1; u is the output feature value, and n is the number of features); Full connection: Connect all the features of the image, input them into the classifier, and calculate the score of each category. (4) Use a mature image recognition model to identify the test sample and obtain the recognition result. The risk warning unit 28 can analyze the safety situation in the tunnel based on the processing results; Firstly, the risk warning unit 28 obtains the tunnel collapse information, and the risk warning unit 28 determines that danger has occurred in tunnel 1. The risk warning unit 28 sends the alarm signal to the controller unit 20, and the controller unit 20 controls the alarm unit 29 to send an alarm signal to the external terminal (the alarm signal includes the location information of the construction personnel and the alarm reason information). At the same time, the controller unit 20 controls the traction component 21 to drive the emergency air supply component to move in the air duct 3. The emergency air supply component finally stops at the trapped construction personnel and opens the corresponding emergency air supply part 19. The fresh air supplied can remove the dust and harmful gases at the location of the construction personnel and can also replenish fresh air to the construction personnel, enabling the trapped construction personnel to hold on until the external rescue team arrives. Secondly, the risk warning unit 28 receives information about the construction personnel. If only one construction team is working in tunnel 1, the risk warning unit 28 sends a non-alarm signal to the controller unit 20. The controller unit 20 only controls the traction component 21 to move the emergency air supply component within the air duct 3. The emergency air supply component eventually stops at the construction team's location. The fresh air can remove dust and harmful gases from the construction personnel's location and also replenish fresh air to them. The fan 2 only needs to supply air to the construction location and does not need to consider the need for fresh air to diffuse to the surrounding area, so the power of the fan 2 can be reduced to achieve the purpose of saving electricity. If multiple construction teams are working in tunnel 1, the risk warning unit 28 sends a non-alarm signal to the controller unit 20. The controller unit 20 and the fan 2 supply air to a fixed point in tunnel 1 to ensure that each construction team receives sufficient fresh air supply. Thirdly, the risk warning unit 28 obtains information on tunnel wall cracks, and can analyze the safety situation inside the tunnel based on this information. Specifically, image processing: the risk warning unit 28 performs image processing based on the collected information. Because the tunnel surface is uneven, the background is complex, and the lighting is uneven, cracks and background are difficult to separate. It obtains the tunnel image matrix, calculates the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, sorts the eigenvalues, and selects K heavy eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors as the main components. A larger high-dimensional blurred image is selected, and grayscale values ​​are calculated to evaluate the grayscale threshold of the maximum inter-class variance between cracks and background. OTSU segmentation is performed using this grayscale threshold. The second-order statistical properties of the original image and noise are calculated, and restoration and secondary noise reduction are completed using the Wiener algorithm. Then, Poisson fusion is performed with a smaller low-dimensional blurred image, fusing the segmented crack image into the crack region of the low-dimensional blurred image.The Poisson-fused image retains the extremely low background of the low-dimensional image and preserves the general outline of the crack, greatly enhancing the contrast between the crack and the background. Finally, the gray values ​​of the Poisson-fused image are analyzed, and the gray threshold with the maximum inter-class variance is calculated for OTSU segmentation to obtain the final crack image. Crack Analysis: Crack analysis of the processed images can greatly improve accuracy. Crack analysis mainly focuses on three factors: crack area ratio, total crack area, and crack area change rate. If the measurement results of these three factors all exceed the threshold, the risk warning unit 28 will determine that a collapse will occur in tunnel 1 and send the pre-alarm information to the controller unit 20, which will then control the alarm unit 29 to issue a pre-alarm. If only the crack area ratio is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not collapse if the crack area does not spread for a long time, which will lead to a false alarm. If only the total crack area is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not collapse if the total crack area is much smaller than the area of ​​tunnel 1, which will also lead to a false alarm. If only the crack area change rate is used for judgment, tunnel 1 will not collapse if the crack area change rate is much smaller than the area of ​​tunnel 1, which will also lead to a false alarm. Using crack area ratio, total crack area, and crack area change rate together to determine tunnel collapse can greatly improve accuracy. Furthermore, the information acquisition unit 24 can be a camera, which can acquire construction footage inside the tunnel in real time.

[0045] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the emergency air supply assembly includes an emergency air supply shell 4 and a connecting side plate 30; both sides of the emergency air supply shell 4 are connected to the connecting side plate 30; in the emergency ventilation state, the traction assembly 21 pulls the emergency air supply shell 4 to cooperate with the preset emergency air supply section 19, and the connecting side plates 30 on both sides of the emergency air supply shell 4 open the preset emergency air supply section 19, and the fan 2 supplies air to the preset emergency air supply section 19; in the non-emergency ventilation state, all emergency air supply sections 19 are closed, the fan 2 supplies air to one end of the air duct 3, and the other end of the air duct 3 supplies air into the tunnel 1.

[0046] In this embodiment, the information acquisition unit 24 can acquire image information inside the tunnel 1 in real time. The risk warning unit 28 processes the image information and obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks. The risk warning unit 28 can analyze the safety situation inside the tunnel and transmit the analysis results to the controller unit 20, which then takes corresponding measures. Specifically, in emergency ventilation mode, when the emergency air supply shell 4 moves to the corresponding emergency air supply section 19, the connecting side plates 30 on both sides of the emergency air supply shell 4 can open the emergency air supply section 19, and the fan 2 connects to the air duct 3. When the internal air supply passes through the emergency air supply shell 4, the emergency air supply shell 4 can guide the fresh air to the corresponding emergency air supply section 19. The emergency air supply section 19 can blow the fresh air into the tunnel 1, so that the fresh air can reach the vicinity of the trapped construction personnel in a timely manner, and can remove dust and harmful gases from the construction personnel in a timely manner, and can also replenish fresh air to the construction personnel. This is suitable for the scenario where the tunnel 1 collapses and the construction personnel are trapped. In the non-emergency ventilation state, all the emergency air supply sections 19 in the air duct 3 are closed, and the fan 2 can deliver air to the tunnel 1 at fixed points. This is suitable for the scenario where multiple construction teams are working at the same time in the tunnel 1.

[0047] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the emergency air supply shell 4 is provided with a first air outlet 14 on both sides, the connecting side plate 30 is provided with a second air outlet 15 that cooperates with the first air outlet 14, and the connecting side plate 30 near the fan 2 is provided with a third air outlet 16; in the emergency ventilation state, the first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4 is offset from the second air outlet 15 of the connecting side plate 30, and the third air outlet 16 of the connecting side plate 30 near the fan 2 is connected to the first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4; in the non-emergency ventilation state, the second air outlet 15 of the connecting side plate 30 is connected to the first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4.

[0048] In this embodiment, under non-emergency ventilation conditions, all emergency ventilation sections 19 inside tunnel 1 are closed. When the second air outlets 15 of the two connected side plates 30 are connected to the first air outlets 14 of the emergency ventilation shell 4, the air supplied by the fan 2 to the duct 3 can pass through the emergency ventilation assembly and be delivered to the other end of the duct 3 to supply air to a fixed point inside tunnel 1. Under emergency ventilation conditions, the traction assembly 21 pulls the emergency ventilation shell 4 to a preset position inside the duct 3, and the two connected side plates 30 open the corresponding emergency ventilation sections 19, and the second air outlets of the two connected side plates 30 open. The outlets 15 are all offset from the first outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4. The first outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4 is connected to the third outlet 16 of the connecting side plate 30 (the connecting side plate 30 near the fan 2). When the fan 2 supplies air into the air duct 3, the emergency air supply shell 4 can guide the fresh air to the corresponding emergency air supply section 19. The emergency air supply section 19 then delivers the fresh air into the tunnel 1. The fresh air can reach the vicinity of the location of the trapped construction personnel, promptly remove the dust and harmful gases at the location of the trapped construction personnel, and also replenish fresh air to the construction personnel.

[0049] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, a support member 5 is installed on the inner wall of the emergency air supply shell 4, and a first elastic member is connected between the support member 5 and the connecting side plate 30; the emergency air supply section 19 is provided with an emergency air supply port 10, and mounting grooves 13 are provided on both sides of the emergency air supply port 10. A second elastic member is connected to the surface wall of the mounting groove 13, and a wind baffle 11 is connected to the free end of the second elastic member. The wind baffle 11 is provided with a beveled part 12 that cooperates with the connecting side plate 30; in the emergency ventilation state, the connecting side plate 30 is pressed against the beveled part 12 of the wind baffle 11 by the action of the first elastic member. After being forced, the wind baffle 11 moves into the mounting groove 13, opening the emergency air supply port 10; in the non-emergency ventilation state, the connecting side plate 30 leaves the emergency air supply section 19, and the wind baffle 11 moves out of the mounting groove 13 under the action of the second elastic member, closing the emergency air supply port 10.

[0050] In this embodiment, the two connecting side plates 30 are located on opposite sides inside the emergency air supply shell 4. A first elastic element is installed between the connecting side plate 30 and the support member 5, and the connecting side plate 30 and the emergency air supply shell 4 are in sliding fit. In the non-emergency ventilation state, at the non-emergency air supply section 19 inside the air duct 3, the connecting side plate 30 abuts against the surface wall of the air duct 3, causing the first elastic element to be compressed. The second air outlets 15 of both connecting side plates 30 are connected to the first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply shell 4. When the fan 2 supplies air into the duct 3, the air can pass through the emergency air supply assembly to reach the other end of the duct 3 and supply air to a fixed point in the tunnel 1. In emergency ventilation mode, the traction assembly 21 can pull the emergency air supply shell 4 to the preset emergency air supply section 19. Under the action of the first elastic element, the connecting side plate 30 presses against the inclined surface 12 of the wind baffle 11. The pressure of the connecting side plate 30 pressing against the inclined surface 12 of the wind baffle 11 can be decomposed into a thrust towards the mounting groove 13 and a pressure along the inclined surface direction. The thrust of the groove 13 can push the wind baffle 11 into the mounting groove 13 until both wind baffles 11 are completely pushed into the mounting groove 13. The two connecting side plates 30 open the emergency air supply port 10. When the fan 2 supplies air into the air duct 3, the fresh air can reach the emergency air supply shell 4 and be guided to the emergency air supply port 10. The fresh air can reach the vicinity of the trapped construction personnel in a timely manner, and can also remove dust and harmful gases from the construction personnel's location in a timely manner, and can also replenish fresh air to the construction personnel; emergency air supply shell 4. When leaving the emergency air supply outlet 10, the connecting side plate 30 passes through the inclined surface 12 of the wind baffle 11 until the two connecting side plates 30 completely leave the emergency air supply outlet 10. After the two connecting side plates 30 leave the emergency air supply outlet 10, the two connecting side plates 30 abut against the surface wall of the air duct 3, causing the first elastic element to be compressed. Under the action of the second elastic element, the two wind baffles 11 move out of the mounting groove 13 until the two wind baffles 11 completely block the emergency air supply outlet 10, thus closing the emergency air supply outlet 10.

[0051] Based on the second aspect, the invention further includes a lighting assembly, which includes a generator 6, a connector 8, wind turbine blades 9, and a lighting lamp 7. The generator 6 is installed inside the emergency air supply housing 4. The input end of the generator 6 is connected to the connector 8. Multiple wind turbine blades 9 are installed circumferentially on the connector 8. The height of the multiple wind turbine blades 9 is adapted to the height of the first air outlet 14. The output end of the generator 6 is connected to the lighting lamp 7, which is located inside the emergency air supply housing 4.

[0052] In this embodiment, the generator 6 is mounted inside the emergency air supply housing 4. The input end of the generator 6 is connected to the connector 8, and multiple wind turbine blades 9 are installed circumferentially on the connector 8. The multiple wind turbine blades 9 are located at the first air outlet 14. The output end of the generator 6 is connected to the lighting lamp 7 (the lighting lamp 7 is mounted on the emergency air supply housing 4). In the emergency ventilation state, the two connecting side plates 30 open the emergency air supply port 10. The second air outlets 15 of the two connecting side plates 30 are offset from the first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply housing 4. The first air outlet 14 of the emergency air supply housing 4 is connected to the third air outlet 16 of the connecting side plate 30 (the connecting side plate 30 near the fan 2). The fan 2 directs air to the duct. When the air is supplied internally, it enters the emergency air supply shell 4. The fresh air passes through multiple wind turbine blades 9 and drives them to rotate. After the wind turbine blades 9 rotate, they can generate electricity for the generator 6. The generator 6 generates electricity to light up the lighting lamp 7. The lighting lamp 7 can illuminate the accident site of the collapse inside the tunnel 1, allowing the trapped construction workers to clearly see the surrounding environment and escape routes, reducing chaos and panic in the accident and improving the escape efficiency of the construction workers. In addition, after the fresh air passes through multiple wind turbine blades 9, it can also replenish fresh air to the trapped construction workers and remove harmful gases and dust from the accident site, enabling the trapped construction workers to hold on until the outside rescue team arrives.

[0053] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, the traction assembly 21 includes a traction member, a guide rail 17, and a slider 18; guide rails 17 are installed on both sides inside the air duct 3, and the guide rails 17 are installed along the extension direction of the air duct 3; two oppositely arranged sliders 18 are installed at the bottom of the emergency air supply shell 4, and the sliders 18 cooperate with the corresponding guide rails 17; the traction member can control the sliders 18 to move back and forth along the extension direction of the guide rails 17.

[0054] In this embodiment, guide rail 17 is installed on the surface wall of air duct 3 along the extension direction of air duct 3. Slider 18 is installed on both sides of the bottom end of emergency air supply shell 4. The two sliders 18 at the bottom end of emergency air supply shell 4 cooperate with the two guide rails 17. The traction component can drive the emergency air supply shell 4 to reciprocate within air duct 3, and can cooperate with the preset emergency air supply section 19 to promptly supply air to the accident point. Furthermore, the traction component can be a winch. Winches are installed near both ends of air duct 3. The winches are connected to the emergency air supply shell 4 via winch ropes. The two opposing winches can pull the emergency air supply shell 4 by retracting and extending the winch ropes. The information acquisition unit 24 monitors the tunnel 1 in real time. During construction, the risk warning unit 28 analyzes the safety situation inside tunnel 1. When the information acquisition unit 24 detects a collapse in tunnel 1, the risk warning unit 28 sends an alarm message to the controller unit 20. The controller unit 20 controls the alarm unit 29 to send an alarm signal to the outside world, and the controller unit 20 also controls the winch to provide emergency ventilation to the tunnel 1. Furthermore, the traction component can be a conveyor belt with a transmission mechanism. The conveyor belt is installed on the guide rail 17 and is driven by the bottom end of the emergency ventilation housing 4. The transmission mechanism can drive the conveyor belt, and after the conveyor belt is driven, it can control the emergency ventilation housing 4 to move within the air duct 3 and cooperate with the corresponding emergency ventilation section 19.

[0055] Based on the second aspect, further, in the invention, a plurality of environmental feature sensors 27 are installed in the tunnel 1 along the extension direction, and the plurality of environmental feature sensors 27 are all connected to the risk warning unit 28.

[0056] In this embodiment, environmental characteristic sensors 27 need to be installed at certain intervals inside tunnel 1. The environmental characteristic sensors 27 can be a sensor matrix composed of temperature sensor 26, dust concentration sensor 25, CO concentration sensor 23 and oxygen sensor 22. The risk warning unit 28 can receive data from each environmental characteristic sensor 27 in real time. The measured data includes temperature signal, dust concentration signal, CO concentration signal and oxygen concentration signal. The risk warning unit 28 compares the above-mentioned temperature signal, dust concentration signal, CO concentration signal and oxygen concentration signal with the set threshold. If they are greater than the threshold set by the risk warning unit 28, the risk warning unit 28 sends an alarm signal to the controller unit 20. The controller unit 20 controls the alarm unit 29 to send an alarm signal to the outside world, indicating that ventilation is needed in tunnel 1 in a timely manner to remove dust and CO in tunnel 1.

[0057] In summary, in the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method, which analyzes the safety situation inside tunnel 1 in real time, and then obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks; based on the construction personnel information, intelligent ventilation is provided to tunnel 1; based on the tunnel collapse information, emergency air is supplied to the tunnel and an alarm signal is sent to an external terminal; based on the tunnel wall crack information, emergency air is supplied to tunnel 1 and a pre-alarm signal is sent to an external terminal; intelligent ventilation inside the tunnel can ensure the safety of construction personnel and improve the quality of the construction environment, and can promptly send alarm signals to the outside world when danger occurs inside the tunnel.

[0058] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system. The information acquisition unit 24 can acquire image information inside the tunnel 1 in real time. The risk early warning unit 28 processes the image information and obtains information on construction personnel, tunnel collapse, and tunnel wall cracks. The risk early warning unit 28 can analyze the safety situation inside the tunnel 1 based on the above information. If tunnel collapse information is obtained, the risk early warning unit 28 sends an alarm signal to the controller unit 20. The controller unit 20 controls the alarm unit 29 to send an alarm signal to an external terminal and provides emergency ventilation to the tunnel 1. If only one construction team is working inside the tunnel 1, the controller unit 20 controls the system to provide emergency ventilation to the tunnel, while reducing the power of the fan 2 to save electricity. If multiple construction teams are working inside the tunnel 1, the controller unit 20 controls the system to provide fixed-point ventilation to the tunnel 1. If the tunnel wall cracks exceed a threshold, the controller unit 20 controls the alarm unit to send a pre-alarm signal to an external terminal.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system, applied to a tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment method, characterized in that: It includes fans, air ducts, information collection units, controller units, alarm units, risk warning units, emergency air supply components and traction components; A plurality of the information collection units are installed in the tunnel along the extension direction; The output end of the fan cooperates with the air duct, and the air duct is installed along the extension direction of the tunnel; The emergency air supply assembly is installed in the air duct, and the air duct is provided with a plurality of emergency air supply parts cooperating with the emergency air supply assembly along the extension direction; The traction component can pull the emergency air supply component to move back and forth along the extension direction of the air duct, so that the emergency air supply component cooperates with the preset emergency air supply part; the information collection unit is connected to the risk warning unit; The traction component, the fan, the alarm unit and the risk warning unit are all connected to the controller unit; The emergency air supply assembly Including emergency air supply shell and connecting side panel; Both sides of the emergency air supply housing are connected to the connection side panels; In the emergency ventilation state, the traction assembly pulls the emergency air supply shell to cooperate with the preset emergency air supply part, the connecting side panels on both sides of the emergency air supply shell open the preset emergency air supply part, and the fan supplies air to the preset emergency air supply part; In a non-emergency ventilation state, the plurality of emergency air supply units are all closed, the fan supplies air to one end of the air duct, and the other end of the air duct supplies air into the tunnel.

2. The tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both sides of the emergency air supply housing are provided with a first air outlet, the connecting side plate is provided with a second air outlet cooperating with the first air outlet, and the connecting side plate close to the fan is provided with a third air outlet; In the emergency ventilation state, the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell deviates from the second air outlet of the connection side panel, and the third air outlet of the connection side panel close to the fan side is connected to the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell; In a non-emergency ventilation state, the second air outlet of the connected side panel is connected to the first air outlet of the emergency air supply shell.

3. The tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A bearing member is installed on the inner side wall of the emergency air supply housing, and a first elastic member is connected between the bearing member and the connecting side plate; The emergency air supply part is provided with an emergency air supply port, and mounting grooves are provided on both sides of the emergency air supply port. The surface wall of the mounting groove is connected with a second elastic member, and the free end of the second elastic member is connected with a wind shield plate, and the wind shield plate is provided with an inclined portion that cooperates with the connected side plate; In the emergency ventilation state, the connected side plate is pressed toward the inclined portion of the wind shield under the action of the first elastic member, and the wind shield moves into the installation groove after being stressed, so that the emergency air supply port is opened; In the non-emergency ventilation state, the connected side plate leaves the emergency air supply portion, and the wind shield plate moves out of the installation groove under the action of the second elastic member to close the emergency air supply port.

4. The tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: Also included is a lighting assembly, which includes a generator, a connecting piece, a wind blade and a lighting lamp; The generator is installed in the emergency air supply housing, the input end of the generator is connected to the connecting piece, and the connecting piece is circumferentially mounted with a plurality of wind blades, and the height of the plurality of wind blades is adapted to the height of the first air outlet; The output end of the generator is connected to the lighting lamp, and the lighting lamp is located in the emergency air supply shell.

5. The tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The traction assembly includes a traction member, a guide rail and a slider; the guide rails are installed on both sides of the air duct, and the guide rails are installed along the extension direction of the air duct. Two relatively arranged sliders are installed at the bottom end of the emergency air supply shell, and the sliders are matched with the corresponding guide rails; the traction member can control the slider to reciprocate along the extension direction of the guide rail.

6. The tunnel ventilation early warning monitoring and adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A plurality of environmental characteristic sensors are installed in the tunnel along the extension direction, and the plurality of environmental characteristic sensors are all connected to the risk warning unit.

Images