A labyrinth-type spark arresting system for dust settling boxes

Abstract

The invention discloses a labyrinth turbulent spark catching system for a dust settling box, comprising a dust settling box, wherein a high-temperature dust gas inlet and a gas outlet are provided at the upper end of the dust settling box, a dust settling hopper is arranged at the lower end of the dust settling box, and the lower end of the dust settling hopper is connected to a dust collecting box; a vertical partition is arranged in the dust settling box, and the vertical partition divides the inner cavity of the dust settling box into a descending channel and an ascending channel, and the lower ends of the descending channel and the ascending channel are connected in the bucket cavity of the dust settling hopper; the upper ends of the descending channel and the ascending channel are respectively connected to the high-temperature dust gas inlet and the gas outlet; a plurality of guide and spoiler plates are arranged in the descending channel, so that the descending channel is in a labyrinth shape; the efficiency of spark catching and the success rate of extinguishing sparks when they hit the catching surface can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of spark capture of dust settling boxes. Background Art

[0002] In the process of treating high-temperature flue gas containing sparks, such as cupola flue gas, medium frequency furnace flue gas, converter primary flue gas, etc., the discharged gas contains some particles with sparks. If the particles with sparks in the high-temperature gas are not extinguished and discharged directly, there will be a risk of fire and explosion; therefore, a dust settling device with the function of extinguishing sparks in high-temperature air is needed. The existing dust settling device has a structure that uses a labyrinth channel structure to capture and extinguish sparks in the gas; the existing labyrinth channel is generally a fixed-form channel;

[0003] The high-temperature gas that quickly passes through the maze-like zigzag spark-catching channel will adaptively form a stable zigzag airflow path, and some of the spark particles or dust contained in the high-temperature gas may travel along this stable zigzag airflow path, thus not touching the inner wall of the maze, and thus some of the particles with sparks or sparks will escape;

[0004] At the same time, the heat from the high-temperature gas in the maze-shaped spark capture channel and the particles carrying sparks will be continuously transferred to the inner wall of the channel, causing the heat absorption capacity of the inner wall of the maze channel to decrease over time. At this time, even if the particles carrying sparks hit the inner wall of the maze channel, due to insufficient heat absorption efficiency, it may not be enough to extinguish the dust carrying sparks that hits it. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a labyrinth turbulence spark capture system for a dust settling box, which can improve the efficiency of spark capture and the success rate of extinguishing sparks when they hit the capture surface.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a labyrinth turbulent spark capture system for a dust settling box, comprising a dust settling box, the upper end of which is provided with a high-temperature dust gas inlet and a gas outlet, the lower end of which is provided with a dust settling hopper, and the lower end of which is connected to a dust collecting box;

[0007] A vertical partition is provided in the dust settling box, which divides the inner cavity of the dust settling box into a descending channel and an ascending channel. The lower ends of the descending channel and the ascending channel are connected in the bucket cavity of the dust settling bucket; the upper ends of the descending channel and the ascending channel are respectively connected to the high-temperature dust gas inlet and the gas outlet; a number of guide and spoiler plates are provided in the descending channel, so that the descending channel is maze-like.

[0008] Furthermore, the wall of the descending channel away from the vertical partition is the right side wall; an inclined upper guide plate is provided on the upper end of the right side wall close to the descending channel; and an inclined lower guide plate is provided on the lower end of the vertical partition close to the descending channel.

[0009] Furthermore, an oblique spoiler a is arranged above the lower guide plate, and the root of the spoiler a is connected to the vertical partition; an oblique spoiler b is arranged below the upper guide plate, and the root of the spoiler b is connected to the right side wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the b spoiler is between the a spoiler and the lower guide plate; the upper guide plate, the a spoiler, the b spoiler and the lower guide plate divide the descending channel into a maze-like zigzag spark catching channel.

[0011] Furthermore, both spoiler a and spoiler b can swing up and down around their respective roots.

[0012] Furthermore, the root of the a spoiler is hingedly connected to the vertical partition through a hinge; an oblique cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder is arranged below the a spoiler, and the oblique lower end of the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder is hingedly connected to the vertical partition through a hinge b; a piston is movably arranged in the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder, and the lower side of the piston is a cooling water pre-filling chamber;

[0013] A constant pressure water supply hose and a drainage hose are provided on the vertical partition, and the outlet end of the constant pressure water supply hose is connected to the cooling water pre-filling bin;

[0014] A liquid guiding push rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper side of the piston, and the upper end of the liquid guiding push rod is hinged to the middle part of the lower surface of the a spoiler through a c hinge; cooling water heat absorption channels are evenly arranged inside the plate body of the a spoiler; a water guiding channel is arranged along the length direction in the integrated structure formed by the liquid guiding push rod and the piston, and the lower end of the water guiding channel is connected to the cooling water pre-filling bin; the water inlet end of the lower part of the cooling water heat absorption channel in the a spoiler is connected to the upper end of the water guiding channel through a transition hose; the water inlet end of the drainage hose is connected to the water outlet end of the upper part of the cooling water heat absorption channel in the a spoiler, and the drainage hose outlet end is connected to atmospheric pressure; an a solenoid valve is arranged in the water supply hose; and a b solenoid valve is arranged in the drainage hose.

[0015] Furthermore, the solenoid valve a and the solenoid valve b are mutually linked solenoid valves, and when the solenoid valve a is closed, the solenoid valve b is automatically opened, and when the solenoid valve a is opened, the solenoid valve b is automatically closed;

[0016] When solenoid valve a is opened and solenoid valve b is closed, the water pressure in the constant pressure water supply hose is transmitted to the cooling water pre-filling chamber, and the water pressure in the cooling water pre-filling chamber pushes the piston to move upward; when solenoid valve a is closed and solenoid valve b is opened, the combined effect of the downward wind pressure on the upper surface of spoiler a and the self-gravity of spoiler a causes spoiler a to swing downward spontaneously, and the spoiler a that swings downward spontaneously pushes the piston downward through the liquid guide push rod, so that the piston is pushed downward along the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder and squeezes the pre-filled water in the cooling water pre-filling chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, a working method of a labyrinth turbulence spark arresting system of a dust settling box is characterized in that: solenoid valve a and solenoid valve b are controlled alternately and periodically, specifically: solenoid valve a is closed while solenoid valve b is opened for a predetermined time, solenoid valve a is opened while solenoid valve b is closed for a predetermined time, solenoid valve a is closed while solenoid valve b is opened... and so on and so forth.

[0018] Beneficial effect: When the high-temperature gas containing sparks, dust or particles passes through the labyrinth-shaped spark-catching channel of the descending channel, the tortuous labyrinth channel structure causes the dust with sparks and sparks to hit the upper guide plate, the a spoiler plate, the b spoiler plate and the lower guide plate, and is quickly cooled and extinguished by absorbing heat, thereby achieving the purpose of capturing the sparks and sparks in the high-temperature gas, avoiding the damage of subsequent process equipment caused by a large number of sparks and sparks in the final discharged gas, and also playing an explosion-proof role;

[0019] The spoiler a and spoiler b of the present invention are periodically and continuously swung up and down around the root, so that the channel shape of the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel in the descending channel is always in a state of dynamic change. The high-temperature gas carrying active spark particles is continuously disturbed in the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel in the descending channel to form turbulence, and cannot adaptively form a stable zigzag airflow path, so that the high-temperature gas carrying active spark particles that is continuously in a disordered turbulent state has a greater probability of colliding with the spoiler a and spoiler b in the maze channel, thereby improving the spark capture efficiency; at the same time, in the above process, the cooling water in the cooling water heat absorption channel in the spoiler a and spoiler b will be periodically updated following the swinging rhythm of the spoiler a and spoiler b, thereby continuously suppressing the rise in surface temperature of the spoiler a and spoiler b, thereby ensuring the success rate of extinguishing the Mars after it hits the spoiler a and spoiler b. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the dust settling box of the device;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A specific enlarged schematic diagram of the mark 4;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the area marked 30. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] As attached Figures 1 to 4 A labyrinth-type spark arresting system for a dust settling box is shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a dust settling box 40, the upper end of which is respectively provided with a high-temperature dust gas inlet 5 and a gas outlet 42, and the lower end of the dust settling box 40 is provided with a dust settling bucket 11, and the lower end of the dust settling bucket 11 is connected to a dust collecting box 12; a vertical partition 2 is provided in the dust settling box 40, and the vertical partition 2 divides the inner cavity of the dust settling box 40 into a descending channel 13 and an ascending channel 10, and the lower ends of the descending channel 13 and the ascending channel 10 are connected in the bucket cavity of the dust settling bucket 11; the upper ends of the descending channel 13 and the ascending channel 10 are respectively connected to the high-temperature dust gas inlet 5 and the gas outlet 42; a plurality of guide plates and spoilers are provided in the descending channel 13, so that the descending channel 13 is in a maze-like shape.

[0026] The specific structure of the maze zigzag structure is as follows:

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the wall of the descending channel 13 away from the vertical partition 2 is marked as the right side wall 3; an oblique upper guide plate 6 is provided on the side of the upper end of the right side wall 3 close to the descending channel 13; an oblique lower guide plate 9 is provided on the side of the lower end of the vertical partition 2 close to the descending channel 13; an oblique a spoiler 7 is provided above the lower guide plate 9, and the root of the a spoiler 7 is connected to the vertical partition 2; an oblique b spoiler 8 is provided below the upper guide plate 6, and the root of the b spoiler 8 is connected to the right side wall 3; the height of the b spoiler 8 is between the a spoiler 7 and the lower guide plate 9; the upper guide plate 6, the a spoiler 7, the b spoiler 8 and the lower guide plate 9 divide the descending channel 13 into a maze-like zigzag spark catching channel.

[0028] Both the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8 are metal heat-conducting structures. Both the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8 can swing up and down around their respective roots. The specific swinging structure is as follows:

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the root of the a spoiler 7 is hingedly connected to the vertical partition 2 through the a hinge 13; an inclined cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18 is arranged below the a spoiler 7, and the upper and lower parts of the inner wall of the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18 are respectively provided with an upper piston limit inner edge 25 and a lower piston limit inner edge 26; the oblique lower end of the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18 is hingedly connected to the vertical partition 2 through the b hinge 22; a piston 28 is movably arranged in the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18, and the lower side of the piston 28 is a cooling water pre-filling chamber 29; a constant pressure water supply hose 24 and a drainage hose 20 are arranged on the vertical partition 2, and the outlet end of the constant pressure water supply hose 24 is connected to the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29.

[0030] A liquid guiding push rod 15 is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper side of the piston 28, and the upper end of the liquid guiding push rod 15 is hinged to the middle part of the lower surface of the a spoiler 7 through a c hinge 16; cooling water heat absorption channels 80 are evenly arranged inside the plate body of the a spoiler 7; a water guiding channel 27 is arranged along the length direction in the integrated structure formed by the liquid guiding push rod 15 and the piston 28, and the lower end of the water guiding channel 27 is connected to the cooling water pre-filling bin 29; the water inlet end of the lower part of the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 in the a spoiler 7 is connected to the upper end of the water guiding channel 27 through a transition hose 17; the water inlet end of the drainage hose 20 is connected to the water outlet end of the upper part of the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 in the a spoiler 7, and the outlet end of the drainage hose 20 is connected to the atmospheric pressure (external hot water collection tank); an a solenoid valve 23 is arranged in the water supply hose 24; and a b solenoid valve 19 is arranged in the drainage hose 20.

[0031] In this case, the a solenoid valve 23 and the b solenoid valve 19 are solenoid valves that are linked to each other. When the a solenoid valve 23 is closed, the b solenoid valve 19 is automatically opened, and when the a solenoid valve 23 is opened, the b solenoid valve 19 is automatically closed.

[0032] When the a solenoid valve 23 is opened and the b solenoid valve 19 is closed, the water pressure in the constant pressure water supply hose 24 is transmitted to the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29, and the water pressure in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29 pushes the piston 28 to move upward; when the a solenoid valve 23 is closed and the b solenoid valve 19 is opened, the combined effect of the downward wind pressure on the upper surface of the a spoiler 7 and the self-gravity of the a spoiler 7 causes the a spoiler 7 to swing downward spontaneously, and the a spoiler 7 that swings downward spontaneously pushes the piston 28 downward through the liquid guide push rod 15, so that the piston 28 is pushed downward along the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18 and squeezes the water pre-filled in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29.

[0033] Working principle: Overall flow path: The high-temperature gas containing sparks of dust or particles first flows downward into the descending channel 13 through the high-temperature dust gas inlet 5, and then the high-temperature gas containing sparks of dust or particles entering the descending channel 13 reaches the inner cavity of the dust settling bucket 11 through the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel. In the process of the high-temperature gas containing sparks of dust or particles passing through the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel of the descending channel 13, the zigzag maze channel structure causes the dust with sparks and sparks to hit the upper guide plate 6 and a spoiler. 7. b The surface of the spoiler 8 and the lower guide plate 9 are quickly cooled and extinguished by absorbing heat, thereby achieving the purpose of capturing sparks and sparks in the high-temperature gas, avoiding a large number of sparks and sparks in the final discharged gas to cause damage to subsequent process equipment, and also plays an explosion-proof role; then the heavy dust particles entering the inner cavity of the dust settling bucket 11 automatically fall to the dust collecting box 12 under the main force of gravity, and the light dust and gas entering the inner cavity of the dust settling bucket 11 are finally discharged through the ascending channel 10 and the gas outlet 42 under the action of wind pressure.

[0034] If spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8 are both fixed structures, the high-temperature gas flowing through the maze-shaped zigzag spark capture channel of the descending channel 13 will adaptively form a stable zigzag airflow path, and some spark particles or dust entrained in the high-temperature gas may travel along this stable zigzag airflow path, thereby not contacting the plate surfaces of the upper guide plate 6, spoiler a 7, spoiler b 8 and lower guide plate 9, thereby allowing some particles carrying sparks or sparks to escape.

[0035] At the same time, the heat of the high-temperature gas flowing through the maze-shaped spark capture channel of the descending channel 13 and the particles carrying sparks will be continuously transferred to the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8. As time goes by, the surface temperature of the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8 will rise to a certain level, which will cause the heat absorption capacity of the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8 to decrease. At this time, even if the particles carrying sparks hit the spoiler a 7 and the spoiler b 8, due to insufficient heat absorption efficiency, it may not be enough to extinguish the dust carrying sparks that hits them. Based on the problems in this paragraph, this scheme designs the following optimization measures on the basis of the structure of this device.

[0036] Optimization measures taking spoiler 7 as an example:

[0037] When the spark particles or dust entrained in the high-temperature gas travel along the zigzag airflow path, the solenoid valve a 23 and the solenoid valve b 19 are periodically and alternately controlled. Specifically, the solenoid valve a 23 is closed while the solenoid valve b 19 is opened for a predetermined time, the solenoid valve a 23 is opened while the solenoid valve b 19 is closed for a predetermined time, the solenoid valve a 23 is closed while the solenoid valve b 19 is opened, and so on.

[0038] In one cycle of the above process: when the a solenoid valve 23 is opened and the b solenoid valve 19 is closed, the water pressure in the constant pressure water supply hose 24 is transmitted to the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29, and the water pressure in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29 pushes the piston 28 to move upward; thereby, the a spoiler 7 is rapidly swung upward by a certain angle under the drive of the water pressure, and at the same time, the volume in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29 gradually increases, and the amount of cooling water stored in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29 gradually increases; then, the a solenoid valve 23 is immediately controlled to be closed, and the b solenoid valve 19 is opened. At this time, the combined effect of the downward wind pressure on the upper surface of the a spoiler 7 and the self-gravity of the a spoiler 7 causes the a spoiler to The plate 7 swings downward spontaneously. Driven by wind and gravity, the a spoiler plate 7 that swings downward spontaneously pushes the piston 28 downward through the liquid guide push rod 15, so that the piston 28 is pushed downward along the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder 18 and squeezes the water pre-filled in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29. The cooling water pre-filled in the cooling water pre-filling chamber 29 is pressed into the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 through the water guide channel 27 and the transition hose 17 in sequence under the push of the piston 28, and the original heated water in the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 is squeezed out through the drainage hose 20, thereby updating the cooling water in the cooling water heat absorption channel 80, thereby effectively suppressing the increase in the surface temperature of the a spoiler plate 7;

[0039] It can be seen that in one cycle of the above process: the a spoiler 7 will quickly swing up and down to disturb the flow once, and the cooling water in the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 in the a spoiler 7 will be automatically renewed once; similarly, because the b spoiler 8 has the same structure as the a spoiler 7, the b spoiler 8 will also quickly swing up and down to disturb the flow once in one cycle, and the cooling water in the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 in the a spoiler 7 will be automatically renewed once;

[0040] During the reciprocating operation according to the above rules, spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8 periodically and continuously swing up and down around the root, so that the channel shape of the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel in the descending channel 13 is always in a state of dynamic change. The high-temperature gas carrying active Mars particles is continuously disturbed in the maze-shaped zigzag spark catching channel in the descending channel 13 to form turbulence, and cannot adaptively form a stable zigzag airflow path, so that the high-temperature gas carrying active Mars particles that is continuously in a disordered turbulent state has a greater probability of colliding with spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8 in the maze channel, thereby improving the spark capture efficiency; at the same time, in the above process, the cooling water in the cooling water heat absorption channel 80 in spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8 will be periodically updated following the swinging rhythm of spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8, thereby continuously suppressing the rise in surface temperature of spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8, thereby ensuring the success rate of extinguishing Mars after hitting spoiler a 7 and spoiler b 8.

[0041] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A labyrinth-type spark arresting system for a dust settling box, characterized in that: It comprises a dust settling box (40), the upper end of the dust settling box (40) is provided with a high-temperature dust gas inlet (5) and a gas outlet (42), the lower end of the dust settling box (40) is provided with a dust settling hopper (11), and the lower end of the dust settling hopper (11) is connected to a dust collection box (12); A vertical partition (2) is provided in the dust settling box (40), the vertical partition (2) dividing the inner cavity of the dust settling box (40) into a descending channel (13) and an ascending channel (10), the lower ends of the descending channel (13) and the ascending channel (10) being connected in the bucket cavity of the dust settling bucket (11); the upper ends of the descending channel (13) and the ascending channel (10) are respectively connected to the high-temperature dust gas inlet (5) and the gas outlet (42); a plurality of guide and spoiler plates are provided in the descending channel (13), so that the descending channel (13) is in a maze-like shape; The wall of the descending channel (13) away from the vertical partition (2) is the right side wall (3); an upper oblique guide plate (6) is provided on the upper end of the right side wall (3) close to the descending channel (13); and a lower oblique guide plate (9) is provided on the lower end of the vertical partition (2) close to the descending channel (13); An oblique spoiler a (7) is arranged above the lower guide plate (9), and the root of the spoiler a (7) is connected to the vertical partition plate (2); an oblique spoiler b (8) is arranged below the upper guide plate (6), and the root of the spoiler b (8) is connected to the right side wall (3); The b spoiler (8) is located at a height between the a spoiler (7) and the lower guide plate (9); the upper guide plate (6), the a spoiler (7), the b spoiler (8) and the lower guide plate (9) separate the descending channel (13) into a maze-like zigzag spark catching channel; The spoiler a (7) and the spoiler b (8) can both periodically swing up and down around their respective roots; The root of the a spoiler (7) is hingedly connected to the vertical partition (2) via an a hinge; an oblique cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder (18) is arranged below the a spoiler (7); the oblique lower end of the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder (18) is hingedly connected to the vertical partition (2) via a b hinge (22); a piston (28) is movably arranged in the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder (18), and the lower side of the piston (28) is a cooling water pre-filling chamber (29); A constant-pressure water supply hose (24) and a drainage hose (20) are provided on the vertical partition (2), and an outlet end of the constant-pressure water supply hose (24) is connected to a cooling water pre-filling bin (29); A liquid guiding push rod (15) is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper side of the piston (28); the upper end of the liquid guiding push rod (15) is hinged to the middle of the lower surface of the a spoiler (7) via a c hinge (16); cooling water heat absorption channels (80) are evenly arranged inside the plate body of the a spoiler (7); a water guiding channel (27) is arranged along the length direction in the integral structure formed by the liquid guiding push rod (15) and the piston (28); the lower end of the water guiding channel (27) is connected to the cooling water pre-filling chamber (29) The water inlet end of the lower portion of the cooling water heat absorption channel (80) in the a spoiler (7) is connected to the upper end of the water guide channel (27) through a transition hose (17); the water inlet end of the drainage hose (20) is connected to the water outlet end of the upper portion of the cooling water heat absorption channel (80) in the a spoiler (7), and the drainage hose (20) outlet end is connected to atmospheric pressure; the water supply hose (24) is provided with an a solenoid valve (23); the drainage hose (20) is provided with a b solenoid valve (19).

2. The labyrinth turbulence spark arresting system for a dust settling box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The a solenoid valve (23) and the b solenoid valve (19) are solenoid valves that are linked to each other. When the a solenoid valve (23) is closed, the b solenoid valve (19) is automatically opened, and when the a solenoid valve (23) is opened, the b solenoid valve (19) is automatically closed; When the a solenoid valve (23) is opened and the b solenoid valve (19) is closed, the water pressure in the constant pressure water supply hose (24) is transmitted to the cooling water pre-filling chamber (29), and the water pressure in the cooling water pre-filling chamber (29) pushes the piston (28) to move upward; when the a solenoid valve (23) is closed and the b solenoid valve (19) is opened, the combined effect of the downward wind pressure on the upper surface of the a spoiler (7) and the self-weight of the a spoiler (7) causes the a spoiler (7) to swing downward spontaneously, and the a spoiler (7) that swings downward spontaneously pushes the piston (28) downward through the liquid guide push rod (15), so that the piston (28) is pushed downward along the cooling water pre-filling piston cylinder (18) and squeezes the water pre-filled in the cooling water pre-filling chamber (29).

3. The working method of the labyrinth turbulence spark arresting system of the dust settling box according to claim 2, characterized in that: The a solenoid valve (23) and the b solenoid valve (19) are controlled alternately in a periodic manner. Specifically, the a solenoid valve (23) is closed while the b solenoid valve (19) is opened for a predetermined time; the a solenoid valve (23) is opened while the b solenoid valve (19) is closed for a predetermined time; the a solenoid valve (23) is closed while the b solenoid valve (19) is opened, and the operation is repeated in this manner.

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