A composite microbial fertilizer and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a composite microbial fertilizer, a preparation method, and an application thereof, belonging to the field of fertilizer technology. The composite microbial fertilizer comprises 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus velezensis, 10-15 parts of Rhizobium, 3-7 parts of EM agent, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma, 10-15 parts of cassava residue, and 5-8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate. Experiments have shown that the composite microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention can increase the emergence rate of peanuts while reducing the diseased fruit rate, and can also improve the resistance and yield of peanuts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a composite microbial fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Peanuts are an important oilseed and cash crop, rich in vitamins A, B, D, and E, as well as protein, calcium, and iron. They are not only edible but also used as a raw material for cosmetics such as soap and hair tonics. Studies have found that the lecithin and cephalin in peanuts are essential for the nervous system, slowing brain decline, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and preventing cerebral thrombosis. Peanuts are rich in protein, fatty oils, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, providing excellent blood-nourishing and lactation-promoting benefits for postpartum milk deficiency. Resveratrol, a highly bioactive natural polyphenol found in peanuts and peanut oil, can reduce platelet aggregation, prevent and treat atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and also possesses potent anti-tumor properties. Peanuts are also rich in calcium, a major component of human bone, which promotes bone development in children and prevents degenerative bone diseases in the elderly. Peanuts are rich in zinc, which can not only improve taste, promote appetite and sexual function, but also activate brain cells in middle-aged and elderly people, enhance the brain's memory ability, effectively delay premature aging of the human body, and have good anti-aging effects; the catechins contained in peanuts are a natural oil antioxidant that can eliminate free radicals produced by the human body, protect the normal functions of tissues and cells, and slow down the aging process of the human body.

[0003] Existing peanut production is reportedly plagued by excessive fertilizer use and a low level of mechanization. Excessive fertilizer application not only causes soil compaction and fertility degradation in the field, but also leads to pesticide residues, impacting peanut quality and safety. Furthermore, the low level of mechanization is a major constraint on large-scale peanut production. Therefore, achieving a synergistic balance between yield, quality, and efficiency during the production process—ensuring yield and quality within limited land resources and achieving sustainable peanut production—is becoming both a challenge and a key focus of peanut cultivation. Developing a high-quality, efficient peanut cultivation technique is becoming increasingly crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a composite microbial fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite microbial fertilizer can increase the emergence rate and yield of peanuts, reduce the diseased fruit rate of peanuts, and improve the disease resistance of peanuts.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a composite microbial fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus velezii, 10-15 parts of rhizobia, 3-7 parts of EM bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma, 10-15 parts of cassava residues, and 5-8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, rhizobium, EM agent and Trichoderma are mixed and inoculated into a fermentation medium to obtain a fermentation product;

[0010] (2) mixing the fermentation product, cassava residue and calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting under controlled temperature to obtain a pretreated fertilizer;

[0011] (3) drying the pretreated fertilizer to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the inoculation amount during the inoculation in step (1) is 3-5% of the volume of the fermentation medium.

[0013] Preferably, the fermentation medium in step (1) comprises: 15-20 g / L of bran, 30-50 g / L of mushroom residue, 5-10 g / L of maltose, 3-5 g / L of lime, 1-3 g / L of dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 800-1000 ml of water.

[0014] Preferably, the culture temperature in step (1) is 25-30° C., and the culture time is 3-5 days.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the temperature-controlled fermentation in step (2) is 45-60° C., and the time of the temperature-controlled fermentation is 21-24 hours.

[0016] Preferably, during the temperature-controlled fermentation in step (2), the compost is turned over once every 3 to 5 hours.

[0017] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (3) is 80-90° C., and the drying time is 3-5 hours.

[0018] Preferably, after drying in step (3), the material is cooled to 20-25°C.

[0019] The present invention also provides application of the composite microbial fertilizer in cultivating peanuts.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention uses Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Rhizobium, EM agent and Trichoderma as microbial raw materials to prepare a composite microbial fertilizer, and applies it to peanut cultivation. This fertilizer can not only significantly increase the emergence rate and yield of peanuts, but also reduce the diseased fruit rate of peanuts and improve the prevention and control effect of peanut root rot. Studies have shown that the composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention can increase the yield of peanuts to 6092-6135 kg / hm2. 2 The peanut emergence rate was increased to 96.25-97.50%, and the peanut root rot prevention effect was increased to 91.70-93.93%. The results show that the present invention provides a high-quality and high-yield composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a composite microbial fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0023] 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus velezii, 10-15 parts of rhizobia, 3-7 parts of EM bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma, 10-15 parts of cassava residues, and 5-8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0024] In the present invention, the composite microbial fertilizer preferably includes 20 to 25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, more preferably 21 to 24 parts, and even more preferably 22 to 23 parts; the Bacillus subtilis can colonize in the rhizosphere, body surface or body of the plant, compete with pathogens for nutrients around the plant, secrete antibacterial substances, inhibit the growth of pathogens, induce the plant defense system to resist the invasion of pathogens, and achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases; and Bacillus subtilis can improve soil structure and decompose organic matter in the soil, thereby promoting plant growth.

[0025] In the present invention, the composite microbial fertilizer preferably includes 5 to 10 parts of Bacillus Velez subtilis, more preferably 6 to 8 parts, and even more preferably 7 parts. The Bacillus Velez subtilis has the ability to prevent plant diseases and secrete a variety of plant hormones and volatile compounds that promote crop growth, such as indoleacetic acid IAA, ACC deaminase, etc.

[0026] In the present invention, the composite microbial fertilizer preferably includes 10 to 15 parts of rhizobia, more preferably 11 to 14 parts, and even more preferably 12 to 13 parts. The rhizobia are preferably peanut rhizobia. The rhizobia can play a role in biological nitrogen fixation, improve soil productivity and fertility, create a suitable environment for plant growth, inhibit the growth of soil plant pathogenic fungi, and reduce the incidence of crops.

[0027] In the present invention, the compound microbial fertilizer preferably includes 3 to 7 parts of EM bacteria, more preferably 4 to 6 parts, and even more preferably 5 parts. The EM bacteria can improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, promote plant rooting and seedling growth, stabilize and increase yield, improve crop taste, and prevent and inhibit diseases and insect pests.

[0028] In the present invention, the composite microbial fertilizer preferably includes 1 to 5 parts of Trichoderma, more preferably 2 to 4 parts, and even more preferably 3 parts. The Trichoderma is preferably Trichoderma harzianum, which has the effects of inducing crops to produce a self-defense system, inhibiting the growth of pathogens, promoting crop growth, increasing the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients, and improving yield.

[0029] In the present invention, the composite microbial fertilizer preferably includes 10 to 15 parts of cassava residue, more preferably 11 to 14 parts, and even more preferably 12 to 13 parts. The cassava residue is rich in starch and mineral elements, which can improve soil nutrients and provide energy and trace elements for crop growth.

[0030] In the present invention, the compound microbial fertilizer preferably includes 5 to 8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, and more preferably 6 to 7 parts. The calcium ammonium nitrate can improve the looseness of the soil, significantly promote the growth of peanut roots, stems, and leaves, and improve the yield and quality of peanuts.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, rhizobium, EM agent and Trichoderma are mixed and inoculated into a fermentation medium to obtain a fermentation product;

[0033] (2) mixing the fermentation product, cassava residue and calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting under controlled temperature to obtain a pretreated fertilizer;

[0034] (3) drying the pretreated fertilizer to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0035] In the present invention, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, rhizobium, EM bacterial agent and Trichoderma are mixed, inoculated into a fermentation medium and cultured to obtain a fermentation product.

[0036] In the present invention, the inoculation amount during inoculation is preferably 3-5% of the volume of the fermentation medium, more preferably 3.5-4.5%, and even more preferably 4%; the fermentation medium preferably comprises: 15-20 g / L of bran, 30-50 g / L of mushroom residue, 5-10 g / L of maltose, 3-5 g / L of lime, 1-3 g / L of dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 800-1000 ml of water, and further preferably comprises: 16-18 g / L of bran, 35-45 g / L of mushroom residue, 6-8 g / L of maltose, and 3-5 g / L of lime. 3.5-4.5 g / L ash, 1.5-2.5 g / L potassium hydrogen sulfate, 850-950 ml water, more preferably comprising: 17 g / L bran, 40 g / L mushroom residue, 7 g / L maltose, 4 g / L lime, 2 g / L potassium hydrogen sulfate, 900 ml water; the culture temperature is preferably 25-30 ° C, more preferably 26-28 ° C, and more preferably 27 ° C; the culture time is preferably 3-5 days, more preferably 3.5-4.5 days, and more preferably 4 days.

[0037] In the present invention, fermentation products, cassava residue and calcium ammonium nitrate are mixed and fermented under controlled temperature to obtain pretreated fertilizer.

[0038] In the present invention, the temperature of the temperature-controlled fermentation is preferably 45-60°C, more preferably 50-55°C; the time of the temperature-controlled fermentation is preferably 21-24h, more preferably 22-23h; during the temperature-controlled fermentation, the compost is preferably turned once every 3-5h, more preferably once every 4h.

[0039] In the present invention, the pretreated fertilizer is dried to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0040] In the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 80-90°C, more preferably 82-88°C, and more preferably 84-86°C; the drying time is preferably 3-5h, more preferably 3.5-4.5h, and more preferably 4h; after the drying, the material is preferably cooled to 20-25°C, more preferably 21-24°C, and more preferably 22-23°C.

[0041] The present invention also provides application of the composite microbial fertilizer in cultivating peanuts.

[0042] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The Bacillus subtilis mentioned below was purchased from Yantai Diwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Bacillus velezensis, peanut rhizobium, EM bacterial agent and Trichoderma harzianum were all purchased from Shandong Junhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A method for preparing a composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of Bacillus velezensis, 15 parts of Rhizobium arachidis, 7 parts of EM agent, and 5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum were mixed, inoculated into a fermentation medium at a rate of 3% of the volume of the fermentation medium, and cultured at 25°C for 5 days to obtain a fermentation product;

[0047] (2) mixing the fermentation product, 15 parts of cassava residue, and 5 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting the mixture at a controlled temperature of 45° C. for 24 hours, and turning the mixture every 3 hours during the controlled temperature fermentation to obtain a pretreated fertilizer;

[0048] (3) The pretreated fertilizer was dried at 90°C for 3 h and cooled to 25°C to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0049] The formula of the fermentation medium is: 20g / L bran, 30g / L mushroom residue, 10g / L maltose, 5g / L lime, 3g / L dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 1000ml water.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for preparing a composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0052] (1) 25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of Bacillus velezensis, 10 parts of Rhizobium arachidis, 3 parts of EM agent and 1 part of Trichoderma harzianum were mixed, inoculated into a fermentation medium at 5% of the volume of the fermentation medium, and cultured at 30°C for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product;

[0053] (2) mixing the fermentation product, 10 parts of cassava residue, and 5 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting the mixture at a controlled temperature of 60° C. for 21 hours, and turning the mixture every 5 hours during the controlled temperature fermentation to obtain a pretreated fertilizer;

[0054] (3) The pretreated fertilizer was dried at 80°C for 5 h and cooled to 20°C to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0055] The formula of the fermentation medium is: 15g / L bran, 50g / L mushroom residue, 5g / L maltose, 3g / L lime, 1g / L dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 1000ml water.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A method for preparing a composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) 23 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of Bacillus velezensis, 12 parts of Rhizobium arachidis, 5 parts of EM agent, and 3 parts of Trichoderma harzianum were mixed, inoculated into a fermentation medium at a rate of 4% of the volume of the fermentation medium, and cultured at 28°C for 4 days to obtain a fermentation product;

[0059] (2) mixing the fermentation product, 13 parts of cassava residue, and 6 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting the mixture at a controlled temperature of 50° C. for 23 hours, and turning the mixture every 4 hours during the controlled temperature fermentation to obtain a pretreated fertilizer;

[0060] (3) The pretreated fertilizer was dried at 85°C for 4 h and cooled to 23°C to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer.

[0061] The formula of the fermentation medium is: 16 g / L bran, 40 g / L mushroom residue, 8 g / L maltose, 4 g / L lime, 2 g / L dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 1000 ml water.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that Bacillus Velezii is not added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that Trichoderma harzianum is not added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] The fermentation medium in Example 1 was replaced with a medium containing 20 g / L glucose + 15 g / L peptone + 5 g / L sodium chloride + 0.5 g / L beef extract + 20 g / L agar + 1 L distilled water, and the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that no mushroom residue is added to the fermentation medium, and the remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0070] Test Example 1

[0071] Ridge cultivation is adopted, with 4 ridges in each plot, 5m long, 80cm wide, 2 rows per ridge, 50cm wide row spacing, 30cm wide row spacing, 16cm wide hole spacing, 2 seeds per hole, and a plot area of ​​16m2. 2 , density 150,000 holes / hm 2 The fertilizers in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and common compound fertilizer (15-15-15, purchased from Yantai Chenwo Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) were applied as base fertilizers at one time.

[0072] Before harvest, five plots (10 plants) of representative plants were randomly selected within the experimental plot to examine main stem height, branch length, 100-fruit weight, and 100-kernel weight. After harvest, peanut yield was calculated based on actual yield in each plot. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1 Effects of different fertilizers on peanut economic traits and yield

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, the composite microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly increase peanut yield, promote the growth of peanut branches, and increase the weight of 100 peanut fruits and 100 peanut kernels.

[0076] Test Example 2

[0077] Peanuts were sown according to the method described in Experimental Example 1. After sowing but before emergence, the peanuts were infected with peanut root rot. The number of peanut seedlings emerging from 40 holes was measured 15 days after sowing, and the emergence rate was calculated. A control plot with no fertilizer was used. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2 Peanut seed germination rate

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] As shown in Table 2, the application of the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the present invention can make the peanut emergence rate reach 96.25-97.50%, which is significantly improved compared with the peanut emergence rates of Comparative Examples 1-4 and the control area.

[0082] Test Example 3

[0083] Peanuts were sown according to the method described in Experimental Example 1. After sowing and before emergence, peanuts were infected with peanut root rot. Five clumps (10 plants) were surveyed for healthy and diseased fruit before harvest. The diseased fruit rate and control efficacy were calculated using Formulas (1) and (2), respectively. A control group was designated without fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0084] Diseased fruit rate (%) = (number of diseased fruits / total number of fruits surveyed) × 100 Formula (1)

[0085] Control effect (%) = (rate of diseased fruit in control area - rate of diseased fruit in treatment area) / rate of diseased fruit in control area × 100 Formula (2) Table 3 Control effect of peanut root rot

[0086] Group Total number of fruits / grain Number of diseased fruits / grain Diseased fruit rate / % Prevention effect / % Example 1 206 5 2.43 93.93 Example 2 211 7 3.32 91.70 Example 3 215 6 2.79 93.03 Comparative Example 1 148 21 14.19 64.53 Comparative Example 2 172 17 9.88 75.30 Comparative Example 3 153 25 16.34 59.15 Comparative Example 4 180 13 7.22 81.95 control area 130 52 40.00 /

[0087] As can be seen from Table 3, after the composite microbial fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 is applied to the soil, the number and rate of diseased peanut fruits can be significantly reduced, the number of peanut fruits can be increased, and the prevention effect of the composite microbial fertilizer on peanut root rot can be increased to 91.70-93.93%.

[0088] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus Velez, 10-15 parts of Rhizobium, 3-7 parts of EM bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma, 10-15 parts of cassava residues, and 5-8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate; The preparation method of the composite microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, rhizobium, EM agent and Trichoderma are mixed and inoculated into a fermentation medium to obtain a fermentation product; (2) mixing the fermentation product, cassava residue and calcium ammonium nitrate, and fermenting under controlled temperature to obtain pretreated fertilizer; (3) drying the pretreated fertilizer to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer; The fermentation medium in step (1) comprises: 15-20 g / L of bran, 30-50 g / L of mushroom residue, 5-10 g / L of maltose, 3-5 g / L of lime, 1-3 g / L of dipotassium hydrogen sulfate, and 800-1000 ml of water.

2. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The inoculation amount during the inoculation in step (1) is 3-5% of the volume of the fermentation medium.

3. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The culture temperature in step (1) is 25-30° C., and the culture time is 3-5 days.

4. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the temperature-controlled fermentation in step (2) is 45-60° C., and the time of the temperature-controlled fermentation is 21-24 hours.

5. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that During the temperature-controlled fermentation in step (2), the compost is turned over every 3 to 5 hours.

6. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The drying temperature in step (3) is 80-90° C., and the drying time is 3-5 hours.

7. The composite microbial fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that After drying in step (3), the material is cooled to 20-25°C.

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