Single beam transducer and control method based on height weighting

Abstract

The present invention provides a single-beam transducer based on height weighting and a control method, which relate to the technical field of underwater survey sonar. The single-beam transducer based on height weighting is the same as the single-beam transducer in the prior art in that it includes a shell and a backing layer, a piezoelectric element layer and a waterproof layer which are sequentially arranged in the shell from bottom to top. The single-beam transducer in the prior art is different from the single-beam transducer in the prior art in that the piezoelectric element layer of the single-beam transducer of the present invention includes a plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights, and the plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights have a same fundamental frequency or overtone, and each piezoelectric element layer of different heights is led separately, and can have different detection opening angles and detection distances under different working conditions, thereby overcoming the defect that the single-beam transducer in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of complex terrain due to the fixed maximum detection opening angle and detection distance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underwater survey sonar, and in particular to a single-beam transducer based on height weighting and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A single beam transducer is a device used in acoustic and ultrasonic applications, usually used to transmit and receive single beam sound or ultrasonic waves. This transducer is one of the key components commonly used in ultrasonic imaging, measurement and detection. Its specific principles are as follows:

[0003] Transmitting sound waves: The single-beam transducer applies an electrical signal to excite the piezoelectric material, causing it to vibrate and generate sound waves or ultrasonic waves, which are then transmitted to the object or medium being measured; Receiving sound waves: When the sound waves propagate in the object being measured and are reflected back, the single-beam transducer can convert the sound waves into electrical signals for subsequent analysis and processing. Single-beam transducers are widely used in underwater depth measurement because of their ease of use and low price. However, when conducting underwater detection, the underwater terrain is complex and diverse; in deeper terrain conditions, a longer detection distance is required; and in shallower terrain conditions, a larger detection opening angle is required to improve efficiency.

[0004] The single-beam transducers currently on the market only have one working mode, and their maximum detection angle and distance are fixed. Due to the complexity of the terrain, the single detection range of the existing transducers usually cannot meet the current situation. Therefore, single-beam transducers with variable opening angles and detection ranges are of great significance to the research and development of underwater survey sonar. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a single-beam transducer based on height weighting to solve the technical problem that the transducer in the prior art has a single detection range, and its maximum detection opening angle and distance are fixed, which cannot meet the requirements of complex terrain.

[0006] A second object of the present invention is to provide a single-beam transducer control method based on height weighting.

[0007] In order to achieve one of the above-mentioned purposes, the present invention provides a single-beam transducer based on height weighting, including a shell and a backing layer, a piezoelectric element layer and a waterproof layer arranged in the shell from bottom to top, the piezoelectric element layer includes a plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights, the plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights have the same fundamental frequency or overtone, and each piezoelectric element layer of different heights is independently led, which can have different detection opening angles and detection distances under different working conditions.

[0008] Optionally, the piezoelectric element layer is cylindrical, and the piezoelectric element layers at different heights are in a stepped structure.

[0009] Optionally, the step structure is an inner step structure or an outer step structure, and when the inner step structure or the outer step structure has three steps, the ratio from low to high is 1:2n:4m, wherein m≥n.

[0010] Optionally, the piezoelectric element layer is made of any one of single crystal material, ceramic material, piezoelectric semiconductor, polymer compound, composite material or glass ceramic.

[0011] Optionally, a transmitting module and a receiving module are disposed in the piezoelectric element layer at the same time.

[0012] Optionally, the negative electrode of the piezoelectric element layer is led separately.

[0013] Optionally, the waterproof layer is made of waterproof polyurethane rubber material, the surface of which is coated with bio-adhesion-mimicking material, and the length of the waterproof layer is an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the single-beam transducer.

[0014] Optionally, the waterproof layer is manufactured by a process of mixing, potting, demoulding, forming and processing.

[0015] Optionally, the individual leads of the piezoelectric element layers at different heights are electrically connected to a power source, and voltage is applied sequentially from low to high according to the height of the piezoelectric element layers, so that the detection opening angle gradually decreases and the detection distance gradually increases.

[0016] In order to achieve the second objective above, the present invention provides a control method for controlling any of the above-mentioned height-weighted single-beam transducers, the control method comprising:

[0017] According to the height of the piezoelectric element layer, the voltage is applied from low to high, the detection angle gradually decreases, and the detection distance gradually increases;

[0018] In shallow water, voltage is applied to a smaller number of low-height piezoelectric element layers to obtain a larger detection opening angle;

[0019] In deep water, voltage is applied to a larger number of piezoelectric element layers to obtain a longer detection distance.

[0020] The single-beam transducer based on height weighting provided by the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0021] This type of height-weighted single-beam transducer is similar to the single-beam transducer in the prior art in that it includes a shell and a backing layer, a piezoelectric element layer and a waterproof layer which are arranged in the shell from bottom to top. It is different from the single-beam transducer in the prior art in that the piezoelectric element layer of the single-beam transducer of the present invention includes several piezoelectric element layers of different heights, and the several piezoelectric element layers of different heights have the same fundamental frequency or overtone. Each piezoelectric element layer of different heights has a separate lead, and can have different detection opening angles and detection distances under different working conditions, thereby overcoming the defect that the single-beam transducer in the prior art cannot meet the needs of complex terrain due to the fixed maximum detection opening angle and detection distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a single-beam transducer of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a side view of a piezoelectric element layer of a single-beam transducer having an inner step structure in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A top view of the piezoelectric element layer;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The lead diagram of the piezoelectric component layer;

[0027] Figure 5 is with Figure 2 A side view of the polyurethane waterproof layer adapted to the medium voltage electric element layer;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Medium piezoelectric element layer and Figure 5 Assembly structure diagram of the polyurethane waterproof layer;

[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal electrons of the piezoelectric element after polarization;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 Internal electronic schematic diagram of the middle piezoelectric component layer scheme 1;

[0031] Fig. 9 yes Figure 2 Internal electronic schematic diagram of the second scheme of the medium piezoelectric component layer;

[0032] Fig.10 yes Figure 2 Internal electronic schematic of the piezoelectric component layer scheme three;

[0033] Fig.11 is a side view of a piezoelectric element layer of a single-beam transducer having an outer step structure in Example 2;

[0034] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 A top view of the piezoelectric element layer;

[0035] Fig.13 yes Fig.11 The lead diagram of the piezoelectric component layer;

[0036] Fig.14 is with Fig.11 A side view of the polyurethane waterproof layer adapted to the medium voltage electric element layer;

[0037] Fig.15 yes Fig.11 Medium piezoelectric element layer and Fig.14 Assembly structure diagram of the polyurethane waterproof layer;

[0038] Fig.16 yes Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the internal electrons of the piezoelectric element after polarization;

[0039] Fig.17 yes Fig.11 Internal electronic schematic diagram of the middle piezoelectric component layer scheme 1;

[0040] Fig.18 yes Fig.11 Internal electronic schematic diagram of the second scheme of the medium piezoelectric component layer;

[0041] Fig.19 yes Fig.11 Internal electronic schematic of the piezoelectric component layer scheme three;

[0042] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram comparing the detection angles and detection distances of different solutions.

[0043] in, Figure 1-Figure 20 :

[0044] 1. Shell; 2. Waterproof layer; 3. Piezoelectric element layer; 31. First step structure; 32. Second step structure; 33. Third step structure; 4. Backing layer; 5. Matching circuit; 6. Interface part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The following is combined with specific Figure 1-20 The single-beam transducer based on height weighting of the present invention is described in detail with Examples 1-2.

[0047] Embodiment 1:

[0048] The single-beam transducer based on height weighting provided in this embodiment has an operating frequency of 200k and a wavelength of λ (7.5 mm).

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, it includes a shell 1, which has a backing layer 4, a piezoelectric element layer 3 and a waterproof layer 2 from bottom to top, and an interface part 6 arranged on the shell 1, which can be a BNC interface, and a matching circuit 5 is connected between the interface part 6 and the backing layer 4.

[0050] The housing 1 is made of aluminum alloy material and bonded by a silicone curing process.

[0051] The backing layer 4 is made of hard foam, preferably 50 mm, and is bonded by a silicone curing process.

[0052] The piezoelectric element layer 3 is made of any one of single crystal material, ceramic material, piezoelectric semiconductor, polymer compound, composite material or glass ceramic. In this embodiment, it is preferably made of ceramic material, with integrated receiving and transmitting, and the process is bonding by silicone curing process.

[0053] like Figure 2-6 As shown, the piezoelectric element layer 3 of the present embodiment is preferably cylindrical, has different heights, presents an internal step structure, and has three internal step structures, which from the inside to the outside are the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33. The first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 have three height leads that can be independently energized, so the entire single-beam transducer has three different working modes, and the negative electrode has a separate lead.

[0054] The height ratio of the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 is 1:2n:4n (inside to outside), and the surfaces are all silver-plated. Specifically, the height of the first step structure 31 is 10 mm and the diameter is 100 mm, the height of the second step structure 32 is 20 mm, the inner diameter is 100 mm, and the outer diameter is 150 mm, and the height of the third step structure 33 is 40 mm, the inner diameter is 150 mm, and the outer diameter is 200 mm.

[0055] The waterproof layer 2 is made of polyurethane material and is manufactured by the process methods of mixing, potting, demoulding, forming and processing. The waterproof layer 2 must be an odd multiple of half the wavelength ((2n+1)*λ / 2). Its specific heights from inside to outside are: 3.75 mm (λ / 2), 26.25 mm (7λ / 2) and 33.75 mm (9λ / 2), and the surface is coated with biomimetic attachment material.

[0056] When no voltage is applied, the internal electronic diagram of the piezoelectric element layer 3 made of ceramic material is as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0057] like Figure 8-10 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal electrons of the piezoelectric element layer 3 made of ceramic material after voltage is applied.

[0058] Option 1: If Figure 8 As shown, a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the first step structure 31 alone, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 30° and the detection distance is 200 meters;

[0059] Option 2: If Fig. 9 As shown, voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the first step structure 31 and the second step structure 32 at the same time, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 25° and the detection distance is 250 meters;

[0060] Option 3: If Fig.10 As shown, voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 at the same time, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 20° and the detection distance is 300 meters.

[0061] Embodiment 2:

[0062] The height-weighted single-beam transducer provided in this embodiment has an operating frequency of 200k and a wavelength of λ (7.5 mm). Figure 1As shown, it includes a shell 1, which has a backing layer 4, a piezoelectric element layer 3 and a waterproof layer 2 from bottom to top, and an interface part 6 arranged on the shell 1, which can be a BNC interface, and a matching circuit 5 is connected between the interface part 6 and the backing layer 4.

[0063] The housing 1 is made of aluminum alloy material and bonded by a silicone curing process.

[0064] The backing layer 4 is made of hard foam, preferably 50 mm, and is bonded by a silicone curing process.

[0065] The piezoelectric element layer 3 is made of any one of single crystal material, ceramic material, piezoelectric semiconductor, polymer compound, composite material or glass ceramic. In this embodiment, it is preferably made of ceramic material, with integrated receiving and transmitting, and the process is bonding by silicone curing process.

[0066] like Figure 11-15 As shown, the piezoelectric element layer 3 of the present embodiment is preferably cylindrical, has different heights, presents an external step structure, and has three external step structures, which from the outside to the inside are the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33. The first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 have three height leads that can be independently energized, so the entire single-beam transducer has three different working modes, and the negative electrode has a separate lead.

[0067] The height ratio of the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 is 1:2n:4n (outside to inside), and the surfaces are all silver-plated. Specifically, the height of the first step structure 31 is 10 mm, the inner diameter is 150 mm, and the outer diameter is 200 mm. The height of the second step structure 32 is 20 mm, the inner diameter is 100 mm, and the outer diameter is 150 mm. The height of the third step structure 33 is 40 mm and the diameter is 100 mm.

[0068] The waterproof layer 2 is made of polyurethane material and is manufactured by the process methods of mixing, potting, demoulding, forming and processing. The waterproof layer 2 must be an integer multiple of half the wavelength (n*λ / 2). Specifically, its height from outside to inside is: 3.75 mm (λ / 2), 26.25 mm (7λ / 2) and 33.75 mm (9λ / 2), and the surface is coated with biomimetic attachment material.

[0069] When no voltage is applied, the internal electronic diagram of the piezoelectric element layer 3 made of ceramic material is as follows: Fig.16 shown.

[0070] like Figure 17-19 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal electrons of the piezoelectric element layer 3 made of ceramic material after voltage is applied.

[0071] Option 1: If Fig.17 As shown, a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the third step structure 33 alone, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 30° and the detection distance is 200 meters;

[0072] Option 2: If Fig.18 As shown, voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 at the same time, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 25° and the detection distance is 250 meters;

[0073] Option 3: If Fig.19 As shown, voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element layer 3 at the first step structure 31, the second step structure 32 and the third step structure 33 at the same time, and the entire single-beam transducer is in working state. Fig. 20 As shown, its detection angle is 20° and the detection distance is 300 meters.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more than two; the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0075] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0076] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-beam transducer based on height weighting, comprising a housing and a backing layer, a piezoelectric element layer and a waterproof layer arranged in the housing from bottom to top, characterized in that: The piezoelectric element layer includes a plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights, the plurality of piezoelectric element layers of different heights have the same fundamental frequency or overtone, and each piezoelectric element layer of different heights has a separate lead, which can have different detection opening angles and detection distances under different working conditions; The piezoelectric element layer is cylindrical, and the piezoelectric element layers at different heights are in a stepped structure; The step structure is an inner step structure or an outer step structure. When the inner step structure or the outer step structure has three steps, the ratio from low to high is 1:2n:4m, where m≥n; The negative electrode of the piezoelectric element layer is individually led.

2. The height-weighted single-beam transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric element layer is made of any one of single crystal material, ceramic material, piezoelectric semiconductor, polymer compound, composite material or glass ceramic.

3. The height-weighted single-beam transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmitting module and a receiving module are arranged in the piezoelectric element layer.

4. The height-weighted single-beam transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer is made of waterproof polyurethane rubber material, the surface of which is coated with bio-adhesion-like material, and the waterproof layer is an odd multiple of half the wavelength of the single-beam transducer.

5. The height-weighted single-beam transducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waterproof layer is manufactured by adopting the process methods of mixing, potting, demoulding, forming and processing.

6. The height-weighted single-beam transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The individual leads of the piezoelectric element layers at different heights are electrically connected to a power source, and voltage is applied sequentially from low to high according to the height of the piezoelectric element layers, so that the detection opening angle gradually decreases and the detection distance gradually increases.

7. A control method for controlling the height-weighted single-beam transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The control method comprises: According to the height of the piezoelectric element layer, the voltage is applied from low to high, the detection angle gradually decreases, and the detection distance gradually increases; In shallow water, voltage is applied to a smaller number of low-height piezoelectric element layers to obtain a larger detection opening angle; In deep water, voltage is applied to a larger number of piezoelectric element layers to obtain a longer detection distance.

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