A method for constructing a reference atmosphere suitable for a high-resolution global weather prediction model

Abstract

The application discloses a reference atmosphere construction method suitable for a high-resolution global weather forecast model and an implementation process in a two-time layer semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian model CMA_GFS. The scheme comprises three modules, namely, a two-dimensional reference atmosphere construction module, an initial data generation module, a dynamic framework spatial difference and linearization module. The input of the reference atmosphere construction module and the initial data generation module is an isobaric surface analysis field and static data, and the reference atmosphere and the static data remain unchanged in the whole integration process. The dynamic framework of the CMA_GFS is decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms after the reference atmosphere is introduced, which is one of the core modules of the whole model integration. The reference atmosphere construction method provided by the application is suitable for global or regional numerical weather forecast models, can effectively reduce the calculation noise of the high-resolution model in the latitude direction, especially in the high-latitude area, and improve the stability and the calculation efficiency of the model integration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of weather forecasting, and in particular to a method for constructing a reference atmosphere for a high-resolution global weather forecasting model. BACKGROUND

[0002] In addition to the requirement of forecast accuracy, the weather model used in operational forecasting also needs to meet the requirements of integral stability and forecast timeliness, so that the semi-implicit time integration algorithm has been widely used. In the semi-implicit time integration algorithm, a reference atmosphere satisfying the static equilibrium is generally introduced, the atmospheric forecast variables are decomposed into the sum of the reference state and the disturbance, and the forecast equation is linearized and separated, so that each term in the equation will be decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms. The linear terms at time N+1 form a linear equation set, which can be solved by a general solution of large linear algebraic equations, and other terms in the equation set will be written as known terms in the algebraic equation set. The selection of the reference atmosphere directly determines the properties of the linear equation set and the convergence speed of the solution, therefore, the selection of the reference state is very important. If the reference atmosphere can be as close to the model atmosphere as possible, the disturbance can be reduced, and the disturbance is uniformly distributed in three-dimensional space, which improves the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the model. In addition, the false response at steep terrain and the calculation of advection have always been the main problems limiting the selection of time step in semi-implicit time integration model, and have a significant impact on the integral stability. Ritchie et al. (1996) pointed out that the forcing of the terrain does not change with time during the integration process, which can be removed by the reference state to improve the calculation accuracy of the pressure gradient force at steep terrain and the semi-Lagrangian advection process. In the version of CMA_GFSV3.0, a three-dimensional reference atmosphere satisfying the static equilibrium is used (Su Yong et al., 2018), and it is verified that the three-dimensional reference atmosphere can effectively improve the calculation accuracy of the framework in CMA_GFS. However, the introduction of the three-dimensional reference atmosphere increases the derivative in the horizontal X and Y directions, and when the horizontal resolution of the model is continuously improved, the calculation of the zonal derivative will produce a lot of calculation noise, especially near the polar region, which affects the convergence speed of the linear equation set, limits the integral time step, and affects the forecast timeliness of the operational model. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance and practical engineering application value to design a reference atmosphere that can improve the calculation accuracy and meet the integral instability caused by the convergence of the polar region of the high-resolution global model.

[0003] So far, there is no reference atmosphere suitable for high-resolution global weather forecasting models that meets the above requirements. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the calculation accuracy of the prior art is weak, and the integral is unstable due to the convergence of the high-resolution global model in the polar region, and therefore a high-resolution global weather forecast model reference atmosphere construction method is provided.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a high-resolution global weather forecast model reference atmosphere construction method, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] The present application comprises the following steps:

[0007] A two-dimensional reference atmosphere is constructed, a zonal average method is used to generate a meridional-vertical two-dimensional reference atmosphere, and static equilibrium constraints and static stability adjustment are performed;

[0008] B The reference atmosphere satisfies the condition that the zonal gradient is zero on the isobaric surface; the analysis data is interpolated to the model surface grid points to generate the initial value of the model prediction variable;

[0009] C The pressure and potential temperature in the original prediction equation set are decomposed into perturbation states and reference states, and linear and nonlinear term decomposition is performed.

[0010] Further, the step A of constructing a two-dimensional reference atmosphere comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1, read in the monthly mean isobaric height field and temperature field;

[0012] S2, the zonal average is performed on the isobaric height field and temperature field to obtain the meridional-height distribution height field and temperature field, and the average temperature field calculation formula is as follows:

[0013] Where i, j, k represent the zonal, meridional and vertical grid points, ids and ide represent the starting and ending grid points of the zonal direction S3, the meridional-height distribution height field and temperature field are interpolated in the vertical direction under the constraint of static equilibrium condition to obtain the dimensionless pressure and potential temperature on the model surface, and when the model bottom and model top height exceeds the height of the isobaric surface, linear extrapolation calculation is adopted;

[0014] S4, the static stability of the potential temperature in the vertical direction is adjusted by the bubble method, and the process is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] S5, assuming that the reference atmosphere on the isobaric surface Z satisfies the static equilibrium relationship, the dimensionless pressure of the reference atmosphere is recalculated

[0017] Further, in step B, the initial value of the model prediction variable specifically comprises:

[0018] S1, reading initial parameters, including the isobaric surface height field, temperature field, specific humidity and horizontal velocity field;

[0019] S2, performing horizontal bilinear interpolation on the initial parameters;

[0020] S3, performing spline vertical interpolation on the interpolated initial parameters to the dimensionless pressure, potential temperature, specific humidity and horizontal velocity field on the model surface, using linear extrapolation calculation when the model bottom layer and the model top height exceed the height of the isobaric surface;

[0021] S4, the dimensionless pressure in the initial parameters is subtracted from the dimensionless pressure of the reference atmosphere to obtain the perturbation value of the dimensionless pressure;

[0022] S5, obtaining the potential temperature perturbation value according to the vertical velocity equation, as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Where θ' represents the potential temperature perturbation value; c p is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the atmosphere; represents the reference potential temperature; Z is the height of the isobaric surface; ε is a constant 0.608; q v represents the specific humidity, and Π and Π' represent the dimensionless pressure and its perturbation.

[0025] Further, the equation set related to the reference atmosphere when performing linear and nonlinear term decomposition in step C includes the kinematic equation set of the three-dimensional velocity field, the thermodynamic equation about the potential temperature and the mass equation about the air pressure.

[0026] After introducing the reference atmosphere, the variable separation technique and the central difference scheme are used to divide the right end terms of the equations into linear terms and nonlinear terms, the zonal derivative of the reference atmosphere is zero, and the vertical derivative satisfies the hydrostatic equilibrium relationship, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] X represents u, v, Π', θ', q v , A represents the grid point, and D represents the upstream point.

[0029] Wherein the linear term and the nonlinear term formula of the right end of the u equation are as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Wherein, a is the radius of the earth; (λ, φ) is the longitude and latitude where the grid point is located; is the height of the model surface; z sxthe zonal central difference gradient of the terrain height; f u is the Coriolis parameter; F u is the friction.

[0032] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right hand side of the V-equation are given by

[0033]

[0034] where a is the earth radius, (λ, φ) is the longitude and latitude of the grid point; is the model surface height; z sy the zonal central difference gradient of the terrain height; f v is the Coriolis parameter; F v is the friction.

[0035] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right hand side of the W-equation are given by

[0036]

[0037] where, is the model surface height; z st is the model surface height coordinate conversion term; F w is the friction.

[0038] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right hand side of the p-equation are given by

[0039]

[0040] where, is the model surface vertical velocity; γ is a constant; is the expansion of the three-dimensional divergence on the isentropic surface on the model surface, is the model surface three-dimensional divergence; is the terrain height in the zonal and meridional direction; Δz s = z T - z s , z T is the model top height.

[0041] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right hand side of the Θ-equation are given by

[0042]

[0043] where is the heat feedback of the physical processes.

[0044] In another aspect, a high resolution global weather prediction model system, comprising

[0045] The reference atmosphere construction module constructs a two-dimensional reference atmosphere, generates a meridional-vertical two-dimensional reference atmosphere by using a zonal average method, and performs static equilibrium constraint and static stability adjustment.

[0046] The initial data generation module references the atmosphere to satisfy the condition that the zonal gradient is zero on the isobaric surface, and interpolates the analysis data to the model surface grid points to generate initial values of the model prediction variables.

[0047] The dynamic framework spatial difference and linearization module decomposes the pressure and potential temperature in the original prediction equation set into perturbation states and reference states, and performs linear and nonlinear term decomposition.

[0048] In another aspect, a computer readable storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, the program being designed to execute the reference atmosphere construction method.

[0049] In another aspect, an electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory has a computer program stored thereon, the program being designed to execute the reference atmosphere construction method, and the processor is configured to execute the program.

[0050] With the above scheme, the reference atmosphere construction method for high-resolution global weather prediction model has the following advantages:

[0051] The present application utilizes the characteristics that the change of pressure and temperature on the isobaric surface in the zonal direction is much smaller than that in the meridional and vertical directions, and the characteristics that the pressure gradient force fluctuates sharply due to the sharp reduction of the zonal grid in the polar region, proposes a two-dimensional reference atmosphere construction scheme suitable for high-resolution global numerical prediction model, and is suitable for high-resolution global weather prediction model requiring reference atmosphere, such as full-implicit and semi-implicit, which can improve the stability and efficiency of the model calculation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 The present application is a whole flow chart of the reference atmosphere construction method for high-resolution global weather prediction model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present application are described below to make the technical content of the present application clearer and easier to understand. The present application can be embodied in many different forms, and the embodiments described herein are exemplary descriptions, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0054] Embodiment one

[0055] As shown in Figure 1 The present application includes the following steps:

[0056] A Constructing the reference atmosphere, the zonal average method is used to generate the meridional-vertical reference atmosphere, and the static balance constraint and static stability adjustment are carried out.

[0057] S1, read in the monthly mean isobaric height field and temperature field;

[0058] S2, the isobaric height field and temperature field are zonally averaged to obtain the meridional-height distribution of the height field and temperature field, and the average temperature field is calculated as follows:

[0059] Where i, j, k represent the zonal, meridional and vertical grid points, ids and ide represent the starting and ending grid points of the zonal direction, S3, under the constraint of static balance condition, the meridional-height distribution of the height field and temperature field is interpolated in the vertical direction by spline to obtain the dimensionless pressure and potential temperature on the model surface, and when the model bottom and model top height exceeds the height of the isobaric surface, linear extrapolation is used for calculation;

[0060] S4, the static stability of the potential temperature in the vertical direction is adjusted by the bubble method, and the process is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] S5, assuming that the reference atmosphere on the isobaric surface Z satisfies the static balance relationship, the dimensionless pressure

[0063] B The reference atmosphere satisfies the condition that the zonal gradient is zero on the isobaric surface; the analysis data is interpolated to the model surface grid points to generate the initial value of the model prediction variable;

[0064] C The pressure and potential temperature in the original prediction equation set are decomposed into perturbation and reference state, and linear and nonlinear term decomposition is carried out.

[0065] The whole prediction system runs as follows:

[0066] Model data preprocessing module

[0067] The model initial data generation module provides the initial value of the prediction variable required for model integration, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the reference atmosphere, the gradient of the reference atmosphere in three directions, and the static data of the model.

[0068] The reference atmosphere generation module needs to input the monthly mean isobaric surface analysis field, and the pressure is zonally averaged on the isobaric surface, and interpolated to the grid points on the model surface by vertical SPLINE and horizontal bilinear interpolation

[0069] The bubble method is used to adjust the vertical direction of the potential temperature profile by the static stability constraint;

[0070] The complete reference atmosphere three-dimensional distribution is constructed by the hydrostatic balance relation; the derivatives of the reference atmosphere in the horizontal and vertical directions are obtained by analytical or central difference numerical methods.

[0071] The input isobaric or isopycnic surface data, which is interpolated to the model surface grid points by SPLINE in the vertical and bilinear in the horizontal.

[0072] The perturbation pressure is obtained by The perturbation potential temperature θ' is obtained by

[0073]

[0074] where θ' represents the potential temperature perturbation value; c p is the atmospheric constant-pressure specific heat capacity; represents the reference potential temperature; Z is the height of the isobaric surface; ε is a constant 0.608; q v represents the specific humidity, and Π and Π' represent the dimensionless pressure and its perturbation.

[0075] The data preprocessing generates three independent files as the model driving fields: the reference atmosphere, the static data, and the model initial value. The reference atmosphere and the static data remain unchanged during the entire integration process.

[0076] The dynamic framework integration module. This module is responsible for the integration solution of the dynamic equation and the thermodynamic equation in the dynamic framework.

[0077] The two-time-layer semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian time integration scheme in the terrain-following coordinate system is adopted, the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the gravity and buoyancy terms need to be expanded into two terms in the new coordinate system, and the right-hand side terms of the equation are expanded according to the zonal average meridional-height reference atmosphere, and the semi-implicit needs to separate the linear and nonlinear terms of the equation, the linear term at time N+1 forms a linear algebraic equation, and the other terms are known terms entering the equation.

[0078] The pressure and potential temperature in the equation are expanded into perturbation and reference state two terms in the terrain-following coordinate system, the right end of the two-time-layer semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian time integration equation, which satisfies the zonal reference atmosphere gradient to be zero on the isobaric surface, the reference atmosphere is a two-dimensional reference atmosphere in the meridional-vertical direction. Then the right end is expanded in the terrain-following coordinate system, and the central difference algorithm is used for horizontal and vertical difference. Then it is decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms.

[0079] The equation group related to the reference atmosphere when the linear and nonlinear terms are decomposed includes the kinematic equation group of the three-dimensional velocity field, the thermodynamic equation about the potential temperature, and the mass equation about the pressure.

[0080] The right-hand side of the equations is divided into linear and nonlinear terms by using the variable separation technique and the central difference scheme. The zonal derivative of the reference atmosphere is zero, and the vertical derivative satisfies the hydrostatic balance relation. The specific formulas are as follows:

[0081]

[0082] X represents u, v, π', θ', and q v A represents the model grid point, and D represents the upstream point

[0083] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right-hand side of the u equation are as follows:

[0084]

[0085] where a is the Earth's radius, (λ, φ) is the longitude and latitude of the grid point, and h is the model surface height. is the zonal central difference gradient of the terrain height; f u is the Coriolis parameter; F u is the friction.

[0086] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right-hand side of the V equation are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] where a is the Earth's radius, (λ, φ) is the longitude and latitude of the grid point, and h is the model surface height. is the zonal central difference gradient of the terrain height; f v is the Coriolis parameter; F v is the friction.

[0089] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right-hand side of the W equation are as follows:

[0090]

[0091] where, is the model surface height; Zst is the model surface height coordinate conversion term; F w is the friction.

[0092] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right-hand side of the п equation are as follows:

[0093]

[0094] where, is the model surface vertical velocity; γ is a constant; is the expansion of the three-dimensional divergence on the isentropic surface on the model surface, is the three-dimensional divergence on the model surface; is the derivative of the terrain height in the zonal and meridional directions; Δzs = z T - z s , z T is the model top height.

[0095] The linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the equation are as follows:

[0096]

[0097] where is the heat feedback of the physical process.

[0098] The vertical velocity equation is consistent with the horizontal velocity expansion process. The vertical velocity equation satisfies the static equilibrium requirement in the vertical direction of the reference atmosphere when it is expanded, and other terms are decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms. The central difference form is used for vertical difference.

[0099] The forecast variable of the heat equation is the perturbation potential temperature. The terms after the expansion of the reference state of the potential temperature are all linear terms, and the nonlinear term is zero. In CMA_GFS, due to the use of the non-interpolated vertical Lagrangian algorithm for the potential temperature, the nonlinear term is not zero, which is equal to the compensation of the vertical displacement residual error.

[0100] The forecast variable in the mass equation is the perturbation pressure, which will be decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms after the introduction of the reference atmosphere.

[0101] An operating method of a reference atmosphere construction method suitable for a high-resolution global weather forecast model, comprising the following steps:

[0102] Model running parameter configuration

[0103] The user configures the parameter table of the model, such as the horizontal resolution, the vertical coordinate, the model top height, the model integration time step, the atmospheric equation set and variable calculation constant, the isobaric surface, and the model surface data and parameters of the external data, etc., to realize the functions required by the user, and to complete the compilation of the calculation process through the selection of the compilation options.

[0104] The key module of the model sets the reference atmosphere profile calculation module. The user can select the analysis field calculation of the isobaric surface or the model surface according to the different data sources and the model requirements. The reference atmosphere uses monthly mean isobaric surface data, and can also select daily mean or single time isobaric surface data or model surface data; the zonal average combined with the assumption that the zonal gradient of the reference atmosphere is zero selects the isobaric surface with zero zonal gradient; the reference atmosphere needs to be adjusted in the vertical direction to meet the requirements of static equilibrium and static stability, and the bubble method is used to adjust the potential temperature, and then the reference pressure is derived by the static equilibrium relationship.

[0105] The vertical derivative can be calculated in two forms, analytical and central difference.

[0106] The user configures the isobaric surface analysis field or the model surface analysis field according to the data format provided by the reference atmosphere calculation, and completes the configuration of the driving data.

[0107] The user runs the model system application program according to the input isobaric surface analysis field or model surface analysis field, and the parameter setting file set_para.sh and namelist.input of the model, and outputs the spatial and temporal distribution of the predicted variables in real time.

[0108] In the embodiment, the input of the model running is external isobaric surface or model surface analysis data, and the output is the spatial and temporal distribution of the predicted variables. When the model system application program is running, the corresponding calculation process will be started for numerical calculation, and the corresponding calculation function is completed.

[0109] Embodiment Two

[0110] Monthly mean isobaric surface height field data: assuming a global data set with 39 isobaric surfaces (1000., 975., 950., 925., 900., 875., 850., 825., 800., 775., 750., 700., 650., 600., 550., 500., 450., 400., 350., 300., 250., 225., 200., 175., 150., 125., 100., 70., 50., 30., 20., 10., 7., 5., 3., 2., 1., 0.5, 104, 0.2921, 0.1);

[0111] Monthly mean temperature field data: temperature distribution corresponding to the isobaric surface data;

[0112] Initial parameter set: initial observation data including isobaric surface height field, temperature field, specific humidity, and horizontal velocity field;

[0113] Implementation steps:

[0114] Data preparation: according to step S1, the above simulated monthly mean isobaric surface height field and temperature field data are read in;

[0115] Zonal averaging: perform step S2 to perform zonal averaging on the isobaric surface height field and the temperature field to generate zonal-height distribution simulation data;

[0116] Implementation steps:

[0117] Data preparation: according to step S1, the above simulated monthly mean isobaric surface height field and temperature field data are read in;

[0118] Zonal averaging: perform step S2 to perform zonal averaging on the isobaric surface height field and the temperature field to generate zonal-height distribution simulation data;

[0119] Static balance and interpolation: according to step S3, the dimensionless pressure and potential temperature on the model surface are interpolated in the vertical direction using the spline interpolation method;

[0120] Static stability adjustment: according to step S4, the potential temperature is adjusted by the bubble method to ensure the static stability;

[0121] Pressure recalculation: according to step S5, the dimensionless pressure is recalculated to satisfy the static balance;

[0122] Initial value generation: according to steps B and S3, the initial parameters of the simulation are interpolated to the model surface grid points to generate the initial values of the forecast variables;

[0123] Disturbance value calculation: according to step S4, the disturbance value of the dimensionless pressure is calculated;

[0124] Equation decomposition: according to step C, the original forecast equation set is decomposed into linear and nonlinear terms to prepare for the integral operation of the numerical weather prediction.

[0125] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present application, makes equivalent replacement or change within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a reference atmosphere for a high-resolution global weather forecast model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Construct a two-dimensional reference atmosphere. Use the latitudinal averaging method to generate a meridional-vertical two-dimensional reference atmosphere, and perform static balance constraints and static stability adjustments. The construction of the two-dimensional reference atmosphere in step A comprises the following steps: S1, read the monthly average isobaric surface height field H and temperature field T; S2. Perform latitudinal averaging on the height and temperature fields of the isobaric surface to obtain the longitudinal-height distribution of the height and temperature fields. The average temperature field calculation formula is as follows: ; Where i, j, k represent the latitudinal, longitudinal and vertical grid points respectively, and ids and ide represent the starting and ending grid points in the latitudinal direction; S3, under the constraint of static equilibrium condition, the height field of the longitudinal-height distribution and temperature field Use spline interpolation in the vertical direction to obtain the dimensionless pressure on the model surface and potential temperature , and when the model bottom and model top height exceed the height of the isobaric surface, linear interpolation is used; S4, potential temperature The bubbling method is used to adjust the static stability in the vertical direction, specifically including: adjusting the potential temperature profile in the vertical direction by the bubbling method through the static stability constraint to ensure the static stability; S5. Use static equilibrium relationship Recalculate dimensionless pressure ; B. The reference atmosphere satisfies the condition of zero latitudinal gradient on the contour surface; the analysis data are interpolated to the model surface grid points to generate the initial values ​​of the model prediction variables; The initial values ​​of the generation model prediction variables specifically include: S1. Read in initial parameters, including isobaric surface height field, temperature field, specific humidity and horizontal velocity field; S2. Performing horizontal bilinear interpolation on the initial parameters; S3. Perform spline vertical interpolation on the interpolated initial parameters to obtain the dimensionless air pressure on the model surface , potential temperature Specific humidity and the horizontal velocity field ( ), when the height of the model bottom and model top exceeds the height of the isobaric surface, linear interpolation is used; S4. Subtracting the dimensionless air pressure of the reference atmosphere from the dimensionless air pressure in the initial parameters to obtain a disturbance value of the dimensionless air pressure; S5. The potential temperature disturbance value is obtained according to the vertical velocity equation. The formula is as follows: ； in represents the potential temperature disturbance value; is the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the atmosphere; represents the reference potential temperature; is the height of the contour surface; is a constant 0.608; represents specific humidity, and represents the dimensionless air pressure and its disturbance; C decomposes the pressure and potential temperature in the original prediction equations into a perturbation state and a reference state, and performs linear and nonlinear term decomposition.

2. The method for constructing a reference atmosphere for a high-resolution global weather forecast model according to claim 1, wherein: When performing linear and nonlinear term decomposition in step C, reference is made to the atmospheric equations including the kinematic equations for the three-dimensional velocity field, the thermodynamic equations for potential temperature, and the mass equation for air pressure; After the reference atmosphere is introduced, the variable separation technique and central difference scheme are used to separate the right-hand side of the equation into linear and nonlinear terms. The latitudinal derivative of the reference atmosphere is zero, and the vertical derivative satisfies the static equilibrium relationship. The specific formula is as follows: ； in the formula represents any predicted variable; A and D represent the spatial positions of the model grid and the Lagrange upstream point respectively; L and N represent the linear and nonlinear terms respectively. and Represents the integration moment and integration time step; The formulas for the linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the u equation are as follows: ； ； Where a is the radius of the Earth; are the longitude and latitude of the grid point; is the mode surface height; represents the latitudinal central differential gradient of terrain height in the new coordinate system; is the Coriolis force parameter; It is friction; The linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the V equation are as follows: ； ； in the meridional central differential gradient representing topographic height; is the Coriolis force parameter; It is friction; The linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the W equation are as follows: ； ； in, is the mode surface height; is the model surface height coordinate conversion term; It is friction; The linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the equation are as follows: ； in, is the vertical velocity of the mode surface; is a constant; It is the expansion of the three-dimensional divergence on the contour surface on the pattern surface. is the three-dimensional divergence of the mode surface; is the derivative of terrain height in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions; , is the pattern top height; The linear and nonlinear terms on the right side of the equation are as follows: ； ； in, is the thermal feedback term of the physical process.

3. A high-resolution global weather forecast model system for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: include Reference atmosphere construction module, which constructs a two-dimensional reference atmosphere, uses the latitudinal averaging method to generate a meridional-vertical two-dimensional reference atmosphere, and performs static balance constraints and static stability adjustments; The initial data generation module refers to the atmospheric condition that the latitudinal gradient is zero on the contour surface; the analysis data are interpolated to the model surface grid points to generate the initial values ​​of the model forecast variables; The dynamic framework spatial difference and linearization module decomposes the air pressure and potential temperature in the original prediction equations into a perturbation state and a reference state, and performs linear and nonlinear term decomposition.

4. A method for numerical weather forecasting using the reference atmosphere construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The user inputs the initial field and reference atmospheric data and static data to run the model integration.

5. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is designed to execute the reference atmosphere construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

6. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, the program being designed to execute the reference atmosphere construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, and the processor being configured to execute the program.

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