A rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider

Abstract

The present invention provides a rectangular waveguide-microstrip hybrid six-way power divider, comprising: a first rectangular waveguide, the signal transmission direction of which is arranged along a first direction; a dielectric substrate, connected to the cross section of the end of the first rectangular waveguide in the signal transmission direction; a pair of ring-type insertion circuits, laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate and located in the first rectangular waveguide, the ring surface of the ring-type insertion circuit is arranged perpendicular to the first direction, and the pair of ring-type insertion circuits are symmetrically arranged with the center line of a pair of wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide; a first strip line and a pair of second strip lines are connected to the ring-type insertion circuit. The disclosed embodiment provides a rectangular waveguide-microstrip hybrid six-way power divider, which utilizes a ring-type insertion circuit to lead out a first strip line and a pair of second strip lines on a ring-type insertion circuit, so that one ring-type insertion circuit can lead out three strip lines to form three signal output channels, and the layout setting of two rings and six-way signal output provides a circuit implementation with a feasible output channel structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwave circuits, and in particular to a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider. Background Art

[0002] A power divider is a multi-port microwave passive device that divides the power of an input signal into two or more outputs with equal or unequal power. It is widely used in electronic systems such as communications, radar, and electronic countermeasures.

[0003] Rectangular waveguide and microstrip line are two types of circuit structures commonly used in engineering. Rectangular waveguide has the characteristics of high power capacity and low insertion loss, while microstrip line has the characteristics of wide bandwidth and easy connection with other microwave integrated circuits.

[0004] In the prior art, a hybrid technology is used to design and manufacture microstrip probes or coupling rings on the dielectric substrate inside the input rectangular waveguide cross section to achieve power distribution, which has the advantages of compact circuit structure, low insertion loss and easy integration with other circuits. The characteristics of this type of power divider are that the signal coupling transmission and power distribution of the input power on each inserted probe and metal ring branch are achieved by inserting independent probes and independent metal ring structures into the rectangular waveguide through the four side walls of the rectangular waveguide. The number of power outputs of the power divider is determined by the sum of the number of probes independently inserted into the rectangular waveguide and the number of metal rings independently inserted into the rectangular waveguide. When the number of power outputs of the power divider is six, it is necessary to insert six independent probes or metal rings, or a combination of six probes and metal rings, into the rectangular waveguide to achieve this. The increase in the number of inserted probes and metal rings will cause difficulties in the realization of the circuit structure layout of the power divider. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention is dedicated to providing a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider to solve the problem in the prior art that a large number of probes and metal rings are inserted into the rectangular waveguide, making circuit layout difficult to implement.

[0006] The present invention provides a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider, comprising:

[0007] A first rectangular waveguide, wherein a signal transmission direction is arranged along a first direction;

[0008] a dielectric substrate connected to a cross section of an end of the first rectangular waveguide in a signal transmission direction;

[0009] A pair of ring-shaped insertion circuits, laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate and located in the first rectangular waveguide, the ring surface of the ring-shaped insertion circuit is arranged perpendicular to the first direction, and the pair of the ring-shaped insertion circuits are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line connecting a pair of wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide;

[0010] A first strip line and a pair of second strip lines are connected to the ring-type insertion circuit. The first strip line extends from a narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide, and the pair of second strip lines extend from two wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide, respectively.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, it further includes a second rectangular waveguide, wherein a terminal of the second rectangular waveguide is short-circuited and connected to a surface of the dielectric substrate away from the first rectangular waveguide.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the ring-shaped insertion circuit is an elliptical metal ring.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the width of the elliptical metal ring along the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide is greater than the width of the elliptical metal ring along the wide side of the first rectangular waveguide.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, a pair of the elliptical metal rings have disconnected portions on their end faces facing away from each other, so that two connecting portions are formed at both ends of the elliptical metal rings, and the first strip line is connected to one of the connecting portions.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, another of the connecting portions is connected to a grounding wire, and the grounding wire extends out of the first rectangular waveguide from a narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide and is grounded through a metal outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the other end of the first strip line and the other end of the second strip line are respectively connected to a third strip line, and the third strip line is laid on the dielectric substrate.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the other end of the third strip line is connected to a microstrip line, and the microstrip line is laid on the dielectric substrate.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the dielectric substrate is a plate-type structure.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, six channel structures are further included for the first strip line and the second strip line to pass through the waveguide from the first rectangular waveguide, and the six channel structures are made on the outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide.

[0020] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider, which utilizes a ring insertion circuit to lead out a first strip line and a pair of second strip lines on a ring insertion circuit, so that one ring insertion circuit can lead out three strip lines to form three signal output channels. The layout setting of two rings and six-way signal outputs provides a feasible circuit implementation of the output channel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Shown is a three-dimensional diagram of a rectangular waveguide-microstrip hybrid six-way power divider;

[0022] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the front circuit of the dielectric substrate of the six-way power divider;

[0023] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the circuit on the back side of the dielectric substrate of a six-way power divider;

[0024] Figure 4 Shown is a perspective view of a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider;

[0025] Figure 5 The figure shows the connection relationship between the ring-type insertion circuit and the first strip line and the second strip line;

[0026] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing simulation results of input echo and insertion loss of a six-way power splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing simulation results of the output echo of the six-way power divider provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing simulation results of isolation between output ports of a six-way power divider provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 Shown is a diagram of phase consistency simulation results of each output port of the six-way power divider provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals

[0031] 1. First rectangular waveguide; 2. Dielectric substrate; 3. Ring insertion circuit; 301. Disconnection portion; 302. Connection portion; 4. First strip line; 5. Second strip line; 6. Second rectangular waveguide; 7. Ground line; 8. Third strip line; 9. Microstrip line; 10. Channel structure; 11. Metal-free region of the same size as the second rectangular waveguide; 12. Copper-clad layer of dielectric substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] A power divider (hereinafter referred to as a power divider) is a multi-port microwave passive device that divides the power of an input signal into two or more outputs of equal or unequal power. It is widely used in electronic systems such as communications, radar, and electronic countermeasures.

[0034] Rectangular waveguide and microstrip line are two types of circuit structures commonly used in engineering. Rectangular waveguide has the characteristics of high power capacity and low insertion loss, while microstrip line has the characteristics of wide bandwidth and easy connection with other microwave integrated circuits. Power dividers made directly using waveguide structures such as E-plane T-branch, H-plane T-branch, waveguide magic T, H-plane waveguide crack bridge, etc., have some problems in use, such as working bandwidth, unequal power distribution, multi-equal power distribution, and structural complexity.

[0035] The hybrid technology is used to design and manufacture microstrip probes or coupling rings on the dielectric substrate inside the input rectangular waveguide cross section to achieve power distribution, which has the advantages of compact circuit structure, low insertion loss and easy integration with other circuits. The characteristics of this type of power divider are that the input power is transmitted and the power is distributed on each probe and metal ring branch by inserting independent probes and metal ring structures into the rectangular waveguide through the four side walls of the rectangular waveguide. The number of power outputs of the power divider is determined by the sum of the number of probes and metal rings independently inserted into the waveguide.

[0036] When the power divider has six power outputs, six independent probes or metal rings, or a combination of six probes and metal rings, need to be inserted into the rectangular waveguide to achieve this. The increase in the number of inserted probes and metal rings will cause difficulties in the circuit structure layout of the power divider.

[0037] For the above problems, refer to Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider, comprising: a first rectangular waveguide 1, the signal transmission direction is arranged along a first direction, the first direction refers to the vertical direction in space, that is, the length direction of the first rectangular waveguide 1 is arranged vertically to ensure that the signal transmission direction of the first rectangular waveguide 1 is set vertically.

[0038] The two surfaces of the first rectangular waveguide 1 used for signal transmission direction are defined as an input surface and an output surface. Among the other four surfaces of the first rectangular waveguide 1 except the input surface and the output surface, the surface with a relatively small area is defined as a narrow side, and the surface with a relatively large area is defined as a wide side. The dielectric substrate 2 is connected to the cross section at the end of the signal transmission direction of the first rectangular waveguide 1, that is, connected to the output surface of the first rectangular waveguide 1.

[0039] A pair of annular insertion circuits 3 are laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate 2 and are located in the first rectangular waveguide 1. The annular surface of the annular insertion circuit 3 is arranged perpendicular to the first direction. A pair of annular insertion circuits 3 are laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate 2 close to the first rectangular waveguide 1. There is an electric field and a magnetic field in the first rectangular waveguide 1. The annular surface of the annular insertion circuit 3 is arranged perpendicular to the signal transmission direction of the first rectangular waveguide 1, so that the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field in the first rectangular waveguide 1 can pass perpendicularly through the annular insertion circuit 3, thereby realizing normal signal extraction.

[0040] The pair of ring-type insertion circuits 3 are symmetrically arranged about a center line of a pair of wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1 , that is, the pair of ring-type insertion circuits 3 correspond to one narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 , respectively.

[0041] The dielectric substrate 2 is located inside the first rectangular waveguide 1, and the two sides symmetrically connected by the center line of a pair of wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1 are connected according to the main mode TE of the first rectangular waveguide 1. 10 The magnetic field structure characteristics of the mode are designed and laid on the dielectric substrate 2. The annular surfaces of the two annular insertion circuits 3 are aligned with the main mode TE of the first rectangular waveguide 1. 10 The direction of the longitudinal magnetic field of the mode is perpendicular. A first strip line 4 and a pair of second strip lines 5 are connected to the ring-type insertion circuit 3. The first strip line 4 extends from the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1, and the pair of second strip lines 5 extend from the two wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1. The magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field in the first rectangular waveguide 1 pass perpendicularly through the ring-type insertion circuit 3 to realize signal conversion. The ring-type insertion circuit 3 transmits the signal to the first strip line 4 and the pair of second strip lines 5. One ring-type insertion circuit 3 can realize three outputs. Compared with the existing cooperation method of using a single metal ring and a probe, this setting is more conducive to coupling the power division layout in the first rectangular waveguide 1, thereby improving the feasibility of the circuit.

[0042] Among them, under certain design requirements, the number of output channels needs to be reduced or increased. The two ring-type insertion circuits 3 can independently or jointly increase or decrease the number of first strip lines 4 and second strip lines 5 led out, so as to obtain the use requirements of a multi-channel power divider with other numbers of output channels.

[0043] Alternatively, the above circuit structure is used as a way to implement a multi-channel power synthesis amplifier.

[0044] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 , and also includes a second rectangular waveguide 6 with a short-circuited terminal. The cross-sectional dimensions of the second rectangular waveguide 6 are the same as those of the first rectangular waveguide 1 and are placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2. The back of the circuit of the dielectric substrate 3 has a metal layer-free area 11 and a dielectric substrate copper-clad layer 12 of the same size as the second rectangular waveguide. The waveguide port of the second rectangular waveguide 6 is precisely docked with the waveguide port of the first rectangular waveguide 1, and the first rectangular waveguide 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second rectangular waveguide 6 are tightly connected and assembled together.

[0045] The second rectangular waveguide 6 with a short-circuited terminal belongs to a partial circuit structure for realizing a six-way coupled power division output device. By optimizing the distance between the dielectric substrate 2 and the short-circuited surface of the second rectangular waveguide 6, the best power division output performance can be obtained.

[0046] In some embodiments, the ring-shaped insertion circuit 3 is an elliptical metal ring.

[0047] In some embodiments, the width of the elliptical metal ring along the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 is greater than the width of the elliptical metal ring along the wide side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 .

[0048] It can be understood that the elliptical metal ring can be formed by butting and splicing the two ends of two arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges extend toward the two wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1 to ensure that the width of the elliptical metal ring along the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 is greater than the width of the elliptical metal ring along the wide side of the first rectangular waveguide 1. The connection points at the two ends of the two arc-shaped edges are respectively used to connect a second strip line 5, and the two arc-shaped edges can be an integrally formed structure.

[0049] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 A pair of elliptical metal rings have disconnected portions 301 on their end faces facing away from each other, so that two connecting portions 302 are formed at both ends of the elliptical metal rings, the first strip line 4 is connected to one of the connecting portions 302, and the arcuate side of the elliptical metal ring close to the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 is disconnected in the middle to form a disconnected portion 301, so that there is a gap between the two connecting portions 302, one of the connecting portions 302 is connected to the first strip line 4 to realize the connection between the first strip line 4 and the elliptical metal ring, the first strip line 4 is used for normal coupling and transmission of signal power, and a pair of second strip lines 5 are also used for normal coupling and transmission of signal power.

[0050] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 , Figure 5, the other connecting portion 302 is connected with a grounding wire 7, which extends from the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1 to the first rectangular waveguide 1 and is grounded through the metal outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide 1. The grounding wire 7 is a metal wire, which is mainly used for the first strip line 4 to realize the circuit function of power division coupling. The grounding method is to directly ground through the metal cavity wall of the power divider.

[0051] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 , Figure 5 The other end of the first strip line 4 and the other end of the second strip line 5 are respectively connected to a third strip line 8, and the third strip line 8 is laid on the dielectric substrate 2. The third strip line 8 is a metal strip line, which is used for impedance transformation.

[0052] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The other end of the third strip line 8 is connected to a microstrip line 9, and the microstrip line 9 is laid on the dielectric substrate 2. The microstrip line 9 is connected to the other end of the third strip line 8, and the output signal passes through a section of the third strip line 8 for impedance transformation, and completes the transition conversion with the output microstrip line 9 with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.

[0053] In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the dielectric substrate 2 is a plate-type structure.

[0054] In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , and also includes six channel structures 10 for the first strip line 4 and the second strip line 5 to pass through the waveguide from the first rectangular waveguide 1, and the six channel structures 10 are made on the outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide 1.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of this embodiment, a millimeter wave waveguide-microstrip rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider is used. The circuit structure of the six-way power divider is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the dielectric substrate 2 used is made of Rogers 5880 and has a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0056] An input signal with a center frequency of 32.3 GHz is fed into the input end of the first rectangular waveguide 1. A dielectric substrate 2 is placed on a cross section of the first rectangular waveguide 1 at a transmission distance from the input end of the first rectangular waveguide 1. The dielectric substrate 2 is located inside the first rectangular waveguide 1. An elliptical metal ring circuit is designed on the dielectric substrate 2 with a center line connecting two wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1 as two symmetrical sides. The loop width of the two elliptical metal rings is 0.102 mm, the focal length is 1.571 mm, the major axis is 1.10 mm, and the center points of the two elliptical metal rings are 3.556 mm apart.

[0057] On the two elliptical metal rings, a first metal strip line 4 is led out toward the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide 1, and a second metal strip line 5 is led out toward the two adjacent wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide 1. Three metal strip lines are led out of one elliptical metal ring. After entering the adjacent side wall of the first rectangular waveguide 1, the six metal strip lines pass through a third strip line 8 for impedance transformation, and complete the transition conversion with the output microstrip line 9 with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, thereby realizing the circuit structure of a rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider with broadband characteristics.

[0058] Reference Figure 6 , is the input return and insertion loss curve of the six-way millimeter wave power divider of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency range of 30.6-33.8GHz, the average insertion loss is 8.6dB, and at the center frequency, the insertion loss can reach 8.3dB; in the frequency range of 30.2-37GHz, the input return loss is greater than 15dB, and in the frequency range of 31-36GHz, the input return loss is greater than 20dB. It can be seen that the six-way millimeter wave power divider has good input impedance matching and good transmission coefficient.

[0059] Reference Figure 7 , is the output echo curve of the six-way millimeter wave power divider of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency range of 33-40GHz, the output echo loss is greater than 5dB.

[0060] Reference Figure 8 , is a curve of isolation between the output ports of the six-way millimeter wave power divider of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that in the entire Ka band, the isolation between the output ports is relatively poor, and the main reason is that it is not considered to install isolation resistors between the output ports.

[0061] Reference Fig. 9 , is the phase curve of each output port of the six-way millimeter wave power divider of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency range of 27-35GHz, the output of the six-way power divider has the characteristic of good phase consistency between the four paths on the wide side of the waveguide and the two paths on the narrow side of the waveguide.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rectangular waveguide-microstrip hybrid six-way power divider, characterized in that: include: A first rectangular waveguide (1), wherein a signal transmission direction is arranged along a first direction; A dielectric substrate (2) connected to a cross section at an end of the first rectangular waveguide (1) in a signal transmission direction; A pair of ring-shaped insertion circuits (3) are laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate (2) and are located in the first rectangular waveguide (1); the ring surface of the ring-shaped insertion circuit (3) is arranged perpendicular to the first direction; and the pair of ring-shaped insertion circuits (3) are arranged symmetrically with respect to a central line connecting a pair of wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide (1); The ring-shaped insertion circuit (3) is connected to a first strip line (4) and a pair of second strip lines (5), the first strip line (4) extending from a narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide (1), and the pair of second strip lines (5) extending from two wide sides of the first rectangular waveguide (1) respectively; The ring-shaped insertion circuit (3) is an elliptical metal ring; The width of the elliptical metal ring along the narrow side direction of the first rectangular waveguide (1) is greater than the width of the elliptical metal ring along the wide side direction of the first rectangular waveguide (1); The other end of the first strip line (4) and the other end of the second strip line (5) are respectively connected to a third strip line (8), and the third strip line (8) is laid on the dielectric substrate (2); The other end of the third strip line (8) is connected to a microstrip line (9), and the microstrip line (9) is laid on the dielectric substrate (2); The elliptical metal ring is formed by butting and splicing two ends of two arc-shaped edges, and the connecting parts at the two ends of the two arc-shaped edges are respectively used to connect a second belt line (5).

2. The rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a second rectangular waveguide (6), the terminal of the second rectangular waveguide (6) being short-circuited and connected to a surface of the dielectric substrate (2) away from the first rectangular waveguide (1).

3. The rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of elliptical metal rings have disconnected portions (301) on their mutually diverging end surfaces, so that two connecting portions (302) are formed at both ends of the elliptical metal rings, and the first strip line (4) is connected to one of the connecting portions (302).

4. The rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider according to claim 3, characterized in that: The other connecting portion (302) is connected to a grounding wire (7), and the grounding wire (7) extends out of the first rectangular waveguide (1) from the narrow side of the first rectangular waveguide (1) and is grounded through the metal outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide (1).

5. The rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (2) is a plate-shaped structure.

6. The rectangular waveguide-microstrip line hybrid six-way power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises six channel structures (10) through which the first strip line (4) and the second strip line (5) pass through the first rectangular waveguide (1) and exit the waveguide, the six channel structures (10) being manufactured on the outer cavity wall of the first rectangular waveguide (1).

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