Calibration method, device, system and storage medium for radio astronomy phased array feed

Abstract

The present application relates to a calibration method, device, system and storage medium for a radio astronomy phased array feed, which obtains a multi-channel receiving signal output by a phased array feed; wherein the multi-channel receiving signal is generated after a first noise signal is radiated from the transmitting antenna to a plurality of receiving units of the phased array feed; each of the receiving signals and a reference signal are converted into an analog-to-digital format to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal having the same source as the first noise signal; based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, a covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed is determined; based on the covariance matrix, an original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed, thereby reducing the frequency of using astronomical sources for calibration and improving the system calibration efficiency under the premise of ensuring the calibration accuracy of the phased array feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of radio astronomy technology, and in particular to a calibration method, device, system and storage medium for a radio astronomy phased array feed. Background Art

[0002] Phased Array Feed (PAF) and its terminal technology are emerging competitive frontiers and are an inevitable choice to support major scientific breakthroughs. PAF consists of closely arranged receiving units (array elements). Through beam synthesis, the signals of each array element are weighted and summed, and the amplitude and phase of each array element are adjusted so that the synthesized beams overlap each other and the phase centers are closely adjacent, thereby completely sampling the focal plane area and achieving continuous large field of view coverage to improve the efficiency of sky surveys. This solves the problem that the focal plane array cannot achieve a truly continuous large field of view due to the discrete feed source.

[0003] In actual observations, there are many PAF receiving units, and due to processing errors, the units and their links are not completely consistent and will change with the working environment. Therefore, regular calibration and compensation must be performed in actual observation applications to ensure the accuracy of digital beam synthesis and the effectiveness of scientific observations. The traditional calibration method is achieved by observing astronomical calibration sources. On the one hand, a suitable calibration source is required and the calibration period must always be within the observable sky area; on the other hand, the calibration of the instrument must be repeated regularly, and the calibration efficiency is relatively low. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a calibration method, device, system and storage medium for a radio astronomy phased array feed source, which can reduce the frequency of using astronomical sources for calibration and improve the system calibration efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of instrument calibration, in order to address the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a calibration method for a radio astronomy phased array feed, wherein the phased array feed includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of a telescope and cover a transmitting antenna, and the method includes:

[0006] Acquire a multi-path receiving signal output by the phased array feed; wherein the multi-path receiving signal is generated after the first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to a plurality of receiving units of the phased array feed;

[0007] Performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received signals of each channel and the reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal having the same source as the first noise signal;

[0008] Based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, determining a covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source;

[0009] Based on the covariance matrix, the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0010] In one embodiment, performing analog-to-digital conversion on each of the received signals and the reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix includes:

[0011] According to the signal bandwidths of the received signal and the reference signal, sampling operations and channelization processing are performed on the received signal and the reference signal to respectively generate a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths;

[0012] The multiple two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each receiving signal and the multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal are spliced ​​according to the same bandwidth to obtain the two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the receiving signal in each bandwidth.

[0013] In one embodiment, determining the covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices includes:

[0014] Writing each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into a ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source;

[0015] The two-dimensional digital matrices are read from the ring buffer memory in sequence to calculate and obtain the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0016] In one embodiment, calibrating the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed based on the covariance matrix includes:

[0017] Extracting matrix data of a position corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix;

[0018] Phase information corresponding to the matrix data is calculated, and the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated using the phase information.

[0019] In one embodiment, the calibrating the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed using the phase information includes:

[0020] The phase information is multiplied by an original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a calibration device for a radio astronomy phased array feed, wherein the phased array feed includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of a telescope and cover a transmitting antenna, and the device includes a digital receiver and a graphics processor, wherein the digital receiver is connected to the graphics processor;

[0022] The digital receiver is used to obtain the multi-channel receiving signals output by the phased array feed source; wherein the multi-channel receiving signals are generated after the first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source; each channel of the receiving signal and the reference signal are analog-to-digital converted to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix;

[0023] The graphics processor is used to determine the covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices; based on the covariance matrix, calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0024] In one of the embodiments, the digital receiver is further used to perform sampling operations and channelization processing on the received signal and the reference signal according to their signal bandwidths, and respectively generate multiple two-dimensional received digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths; and splice the multiple two-dimensional received digital matrices of each received signal and the multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal according to the same bandwidth to obtain the two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the received signal at each bandwidth.

[0025] In one embodiment, the device further comprises a central processor, which is connected to the digital receiver and the graphics processor.

[0026] The central processing unit is used to write each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into the ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source;

[0027] The graphics processor is also used to read each of the two-dimensional digital matrices from the ring buffer memory in sequence, and calculate the covariance matrix of the signal between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0028] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a radio astronomy phased array feed system, the system comprising an artificial noise source, a transmitting antenna, a phased array feed, a digital receiver, and a graphics processor, wherein the artificial noise source and the phased array feed are connected to the digital receiver, the digital receiver is connected to the graphics processor, and the phased array feed comprises a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of the telescope and cover the transmitting antenna;

[0029] The artificial noise source is used to transmit the first noise signal to the transmitting antenna and transmit the reference signal to the digital receiver;

[0030] The transmitting antenna is used to radiate the first noise signal to the phased array feed;

[0031] The phased array feed is used to output a multi-channel receiving signal based on the first noise signal;

[0032] The digital receiver is used to obtain the multi-channel receiving signals output by the phased array feed source; wherein the multi-channel receiving signals are generated after the first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source; each channel of the receiving signal and the reference signal are analog-to-digital converted to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix;

[0033] The graphics processor is used to determine the covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices; based on the covariance matrix, calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0034] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the calibration method for a radio astronomy phased array feed as described in the first aspect above is implemented.

[0035] The calibration method, device, system and storage medium of the radio astronomy phased array feed are obtained by obtaining multiple receiving signals output by the phased array feed; wherein the multiple receiving signals are generated by the first noise signal being radiated by the transmitting antenna to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed; each receiving signal is converted into a digital form with a reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal of the same source as the first noise signal; based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed is determined; based on the covariance matrix, the original beam synthesis coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated to obtain the corrected beam synthesis coefficient matrix of the phased array feed. It is achieved that the frequency of using astronomical sources for calibration is reduced and the system calibration efficiency is improved under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of phased array feed calibration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a radio astronomy phased array feed system in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 3 is a flow chart of step 202 in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 4 is a flow chart of step 203 in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 5 FIG. 2 is a flow chart of step 204 in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "one", "a", "a", "the" and the like involved in this application do not indicate a quantity limitation, and may indicate the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any of their variations involved in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like involved in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The "multiple" involved in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0044] The calibration method of the radio astronomy phased array feed provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to Figure 1 In the radio astronomy phased array feed system shown. The system includes an artificial noise source 11, a transmitting antenna 12, a phased array feed 13, and a calibration device 14 for the radio astronomy phased array feed. The calibration device 14 for the radio astronomy phased array feed includes a digital receiver 41, a graphics processor 42, and a central processor 43, and the digital receiver 41 is connected to the graphics processor 42 and the central processor 43. The phased array feed 13 includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of the telescope and cover the transmitting antenna 12. The artificial noise source 11 and the phased array feed 13 are connected to the digital receiver 41.

[0045] The artificial noise source 11 is used to transmit the first noise signal to the transmitting antenna 12 and transmit the reference signal to the digital receiver 41 .

[0046] The transmitting antenna 12 is used to radiate the first noise signal to the phased array feed 13 .

[0047] The phased array feed source 13 is used to receive the first noise signal and output multi-channel receiving signals.

[0048] The digital receiver 41 is used to obtain the multi-channel receiving signals output by the phased array feed 13; wherein the multi-channel receiving signals are generated by the first noise signal being radiated by the transmitting antenna 12 to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed 13; and each channel of the receiving signal and the reference signal are converted into analog-to-digital to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix. Exemplarily, the digital receiver 41 is a field programmable logic device FPGA.

[0049] The graphics processor 42 is used to determine the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices; based on each of the covariance matrices, calibrate the original beamforming coefficients of the phased array feed 13 to obtain the modified beamforming coefficients of the phased array feed 13. Exemplarily, the graphics processor is a graphics processing unit, GPU.

[0050] In one embodiment, the digital receiver 41 is also used to perform sampling operations and channelization processing on the received signal and the reference signal according to their signal bandwidths, and respectively generate multiple two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths; and splice the multiple two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each received signal and the multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal with the same bandwidth to obtain the two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the received signal at each bandwidth.

[0051] In one embodiment, the central processor 43 is used to write each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into the ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source. Exemplarily, the central processor is a Central Processing Unit, CPU. The graphics processor 42 is also used to read each of the two-dimensional digital matrices from the ring buffer memory in sequence, and calculate the covariance matrix of the signal between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0052] Each module in the above-mentioned radio astronomy phased array feed system can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each of the above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a memory in a computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed is provided, wherein the calibration of the phased array feed is to compensate for the inconsistency of gain and delay between receiving links of different receiving units of the phased array. Figure 1The calibration device of the radio astronomy phased array feed in is taken as an example to illustrate, including the following steps 201 to 204.

[0054] Step 201, obtaining a plurality of receiving signals output by the phased array feed, wherein the plurality of receiving signals are generated after a first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to a plurality of receiving units of the phased array feed.

[0055] Specifically, an artificial noise source is used to generate noise data of a preset signal bandwidth, wherein the noise data includes a first noise signal. The first noise signal is radiated to multiple receiving units of a phased array feed through a transmitting antenna, and is used to test the receiving links between different receiving units of the phased array feed, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent calibration.

[0056] Step 202: Perform analog-to-digital conversion on each of the received signals and a reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix, wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal having the same source as the first noise signal.

[0057] Specifically, the noise data of the artificial noise source also includes a second noise signal. The second noise signal is used as a reference signal without a phased array feed, and analog-to-digital conversion is performed with each receiving signal generated after the first noise signal passes through the phased array feed to generate multiple two-dimensional digital matrices corresponding to each receiving signal and the reference signal.

[0058] Step 203: Determine the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices.

[0059] Step 204: calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed based on the covariance matrix to obtain a modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0060] The parameters in the original beamforming coefficient matrix represent the synthesis coefficients corresponding to the receiving links of each receiving unit in the phased array feed.

[0061] In the above-mentioned radio astronomy phased array feed calibration method, the first noise signal and the reference signal generated by the artificial calibration source are used to obtain the covariance matrix of each receiving unit of the phased array feed, so as to achieve the consistency adjustment of the receiving link signal on each receiving unit of the phased array feed, reduce the frequency of using the astronomical calibration source in the traditional means, and improve the accuracy of the phased array feed calibration.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, step 202 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the received signals and the reference signal of each channel to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix, which specifically includes the following steps 301 to 302.

[0063] Step 301: Sampling and channelizing the received signal and the reference signal according to their signal bandwidths, and generating a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths, respectively.

[0064] Step 302: Concatenate multiple two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each receiving signal and multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal according to the same bandwidth to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the receiving signal at each bandwidth.

[0065] In this embodiment, sampling operation and channelization processing are performed on each received signal and reference signal according to the signal bandwidth, and the one-dimensional time analog signal is converted into a two-dimensional time-frequency digital matrix, thereby obtaining a plurality of non-overlapping two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of bandwidths of each received signal and a plurality of non-overlapping two-dimensional reference digital matrices of bandwidths corresponding to the reference signal. According to the same bandwidth, the two-dimensional receiving digital matrix and the two-dimensional reference digital matrix are spliced ​​one by one to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to each received signal at each bandwidth, thereby improving the accuracy of the subsequent covariance calculation using the two-dimensional digital matrix, thereby improving the calibration efficiency of the phased array feed.

[0066] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, step 203 determines the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, and specifically includes the following steps 401 to 402.

[0067] Step 401, writing each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into a ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source.

[0068] Step 402, reading each of the two-dimensional digital matrices from the ring buffer memory in sequence, and calculating the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0069] Specifically, each of the two-dimensional digital matrices is unpacked on the central processing unit to obtain data blocks and is sequentially arranged and written into the circular buffer memory. At the same time, the image processor sequentially reads the data blocks from the circular buffer memory to solve and obtain the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0070] In this embodiment, the two-dimensional digital matrix is ​​stored in a ring buffer through the central processing unit, which realizes high-speed transmission of data between the internal memory and the video memory, and the image processor is responsible for large-scale independent matrix multiplication operations, realizing multi-core parallel accelerated computing processing, saving a lot of data copying time, and ensuring the real-time performance of data flow processing.

[0071] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, step 204 calibrates the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed based on the covariance matrix, specifically including the following steps 501 to 502.

[0072] Step 501: extract matrix data of the position corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix.

[0073] Step 502: Calculate phase information corresponding to the matrix data, and use the phase information to calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0074] Specifically, the matrix data of the position corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix is ​​extracted, and the phase information corresponding to the matrix data is calculated, that is, the phase difference between the received signals of different receiving units of the phased array feed and the reference signal, and the phase difference represents the phase difference of the delay in the time domain corresponding to the frequency. The original beamforming coefficient matrix is ​​covered and calibrated according to the phase difference to obtain the modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0075] Among them, step 502 uses the phase information to calibrate the original beamforming coefficient of the phased array feed, which specifically includes the following contents: multiplying the phase information with the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0076] In this embodiment, the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated by extracting the phase difference between the received signals of different receiving units and the reference signal.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, a method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed is provided, which is applied to Figure 1 The radio astronomy phased array feed system shown includes the following:

[0078] The artificial noise source 11 generates noise data of a preset broadband, wherein the first noise signal is transmitted to the transmitting antenna 12 placed at the antenna vertex through a radio frequency optical transmission link, and the second noise signal is returned to the digital receiver 41 as a reference signal S ref .

[0079] The transmitting antenna 12 converts the first noise signal into an electromagnetic wave and transmits it to cover all receiving units of the phased array feed source 13 placed on the main focal plane of the antenna. Each receiving unit outputs a corresponding receiving signal, where the receiving signal received by the i-th receiving unit is S paf,i = S cal,i + S n,i , where S cal,i is the signal portion from the first noise signal, Sn,i is the noise part generated by environmental interference. cal,i and S n,i are uncorrelated, so S n,i This part does not affect the subsequent calibration process, i=1,2…M, where M is the number of phased array feed receiving units.

[0080] Reference signal S ref and multi-channel received signal S paf,i After the same length of transmission link, it enters the digital receiver FPGA and receives the received signal S paf,i and the reference signal S ref The signal bandwidth is used to complete sampling and channelization operations, and multiple two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and multiple two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths are generated respectively. They are spliced ​​according to the same bandwidth to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix T×N corresponding to the received signal in each bandwidth, where T is the time series number and N is the frequency channel number.

[0081] The central processing unit CPU unpacks each two-dimensional digital matrix T×N to obtain data blocks and writes them into the ring buffer memory in sequence.

[0082] The image processor GPU reads data blocks from the ring buffer memory in sequence to solve the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed. The matrix data corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix is ​​extracted, the phase information corresponding to the matrix data is calculated, and the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is covered and calibrated to obtain the corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0083] In this preferred embodiment, the phased array feed calibration method using an artificial noise source can reduce the frequency of using astronomical sources for calibration and improve the calibration efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the phased array feed calibration. By storing the two-dimensional digital matrix in a ring buffer, high-speed transmission of data between the memory and the video memory is achieved. The image processor is responsible for large-scale independent matrix multiplication operations, realizing multi-core parallel accelerated computing processing, saving a lot of data copying time, and ensuring the real-time performance of data stream processing.

[0084] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments are displayed in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear explanation in this article, the execution of these steps does not have a strict order restriction, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0085] In one embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:

[0086] Step 1: Acquire a multi-path receiving signal output by the phased array feed; wherein the multi-path receiving signal is generated after a first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to a plurality of receiving units of the phased array feed.

[0087] Step 2: Perform analog-to-digital conversion on each of the received signals and a reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal having the same source as the first noise signal.

[0088] Step 3: Based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, determine the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

[0089] Step 4: Based on the covariance matrix, calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0090] In one embodiment, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are also implemented:

[0091] According to the signal bandwidths of the received signal and the reference signal, sampling operations and channelization processing are performed on the received signal and the reference signal to generate a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths, respectively; the plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each received signal and the plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal are spliced ​​according to the same bandwidth to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the received signal at each bandwidth.

[0092] In one embodiment, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are also implemented: each of the two-dimensional digital matrices is written into the ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source; each of the two-dimensional digital matrices is read from the ring buffer memory in sequence, and the covariance matrix of the signal between different receiving links of the phased array feed source is calculated.

[0093] In one embodiment, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are also implemented: extracting matrix data of the position corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix; calculating phase information corresponding to the matrix data, and using the phase information to calibrate the original beam synthesis coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0094] In one embodiment, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are also implemented: multiplying the phase information with the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

[0095] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the steps corresponding to the methods described in the above embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0096] A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include distributed databases based on blockchains, etc., but are not limited to this. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, etc., but are not limited to this.

[0097] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0098] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed, wherein: The phased array feed includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of the telescope and cover the transmitting antenna, wherein the method includes: Acquire a multi-path receiving signal output by the phased array feed; wherein the multi-path receiving signal is generated after the first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to a plurality of receiving units of the phased array feed; Performing analog-to-digital conversion on each of the received signals and the reference signal to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix, including: performing sampling operations and channelization processing on the received signals and the reference signals according to their signal bandwidths, and respectively generating a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with mutually non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with mutually non-overlapping bandwidths; splicing the plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each received signal and the plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal according to the same bandwidth to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the received signal at each bandwidth; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal homologous to the first noise signal, and the two-dimensional digital matrix is ​​a time-frequency digital matrix; Based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices, determining a covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source; Based on the covariance matrix, the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

2. The radio astronomy phased array feed calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices includes: Writing each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into a ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source; The two-dimensional digital matrices are read from the ring buffer memory in sequence to calculate and obtain the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

3. The method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calibrating the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed based on the covariance matrix includes: Extracting matrix data of a position corresponding to the reference signal in the covariance matrix; Phase information corresponding to the matrix data is calculated, and the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed is calibrated using the phase information.

4. The method for calibrating a radio astronomy phased array feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calibrating the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed source by using the phase information includes: The phase information is multiplied by an original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

5. A calibration device for a radio astronomy phased array feed, wherein: The phased array feed includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of the telescope and cover the transmitting antenna, wherein the device includes a digital receiver and a graphics processor, wherein the digital receiver is connected to the graphics processor; The digital receiver is used to obtain the multi-channel receiving signals output by the phased array feed; wherein the multi-channel receiving signals are generated by the first noise signal being radiated by the transmitting antenna to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed; each channel of the receiving signal and the reference signal are analog-to-digital converted to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal of the same source as the first noise signal, and the two-dimensional digital matrix is ​​a time-frequency digital matrix; The graphics processor is used to determine the covariance matrix of the signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed source based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices; based on the covariance matrix, calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed source to obtain the modified beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed source; The digital receiver is further used to perform sampling operations and channelization processing on the received signal and the reference signal according to their signal bandwidths, and to generate a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths, respectively; and to splice the plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each received signal and the plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal according to the same bandwidth, so as to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the received signal at each bandwidth.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The device also includes a central processor, which is connected to the digital receiver and the graphics processor. The central processing unit is used to write each of the two-dimensional digital matrices into the ring buffer memory in sequence according to the arrangement order of the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed source; The graphics processor is also used to read each of the two-dimensional digital matrices from the ring buffer memory in sequence, and calculate the covariance matrix of the signal between different receiving links of the phased array feed source.

7. A radio astronomy phased array feed system, characterized in that: The system includes an artificial noise source, a transmitting antenna, a phased array feed, a digital receiver, and a graphics processor, wherein the artificial noise source and the phased array feed are connected to the digital receiver, the digital receiver is connected to the graphics processor, and the phased array feed includes a plurality of closely arranged receiving units, which are placed at the focus of the telescope and cover the transmitting antenna; The artificial noise source is used to transmit the first noise signal to the transmitting antenna and transmit the reference signal to the digital receiver; wherein the reference signal is a second noise signal having the same source as the first noise signal; The transmitting antenna is used to radiate the first noise signal to the phased array feed; The phased array feed is used to receive the first noise signal and output a multi-channel receiving signal; The digital receiver is used to obtain the multi-channel receiving signals output by the phased array feed; wherein the multi-channel receiving signals are generated after the first noise signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to the multiple receiving units of the phased array feed; each channel of the receiving signal and the reference signal are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion to generate a corresponding two-dimensional digital matrix, including: according to the signal bandwidth of the receiving signal and the reference signal, the receiving signal and the reference signal are subjected to sampling operation and channelization processing to respectively generate a plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths and a plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices with non-overlapping bandwidths; the plurality of two-dimensional receiving digital matrices of each channel of the receiving signal and the plurality of two-dimensional reference digital matrices of the reference signal are spliced ​​according to the same bandwidth to obtain a two-dimensional digital matrix corresponding to the receiving signal at each bandwidth; the two-dimensional digital matrix is ​​a time-frequency digital matrix; The graphics processor is used to determine the covariance matrix of signals between different receiving links of the phased array feed based on each of the two-dimensional digital matrices; based on the covariance matrix, calibrate the original beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed to obtain a corrected beamforming coefficient matrix of the phased array feed.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

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