A test device for wind erosion and rain erosion of soil in arid environment

Abstract

The present invention provides a test equipment for wind erosion and rain erosion of soil in an arid environment, and relates to the technical field of soil testing in an arid environment, comprising a test ground, a base, a wind measuring mechanism and an adding mechanism; a switching motor is installed on the side wall of the base through bolts, a double-helix screw is connected to the output shaft keyway of the switching motor, and the outer walls of the double-helix screw are respectively threadedly connected to a mounting plate and a truss; the wind measuring mechanism comprises a fan and a driving motor installed on the upper surface of the mounting plate, and the case finally selects a test ground in a natural environment, and divides the test ground into two blocks AB, because the outlet pipe mouth is far from the B surface, so the wind force of wind erosion is small, when the outlet pipe mouth is moved to the A surface, the outlet pipe mouth is close to the A surface, so the wind force of wind erosion is large, and under the condition of ensuring a fixed wind force, the wind erosion conditions of different wind forces on the test ground are realized, and the diversification of wind erosion tests is realized, and at the same time, users can also add sand and dust to simulate sand and dust wind.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of arid environment soil testing, in particular to a device for testing wind erosion and rain erosion of arid environment soil. Background Art

[0002] Arid soil refers to soil with an arid surface and any subsurface layer developed under arid water conditions, which is equivalent to brown calcareous soil, gray calcareous soil, alpine and subalpine grassland soil, gray brown desert soil, and brown desert soil in soil genetic classification. It is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas and widely developed in areas with annual precipitation less than 350 mm. The vegetation is xerophytic clumps of grasses, xerophytic and super-xerophytic small semi-shrubs and shrubs, with a coverage of 1% to 5%. The higher the degree of aridity, the sparser the vegetation, and the total biomass decreases with the decrease in precipitation.

[0003] Wind erosion is an erosion process in which dust and sand are blown, jumped and rolled by external forces, mainly wind, acting on the ground. It often occurs in extremely dry desert areas with sparse vegetation, or forest-steppe areas and dry grassland areas where natural vegetation has been destroyed. Rainwater erosion refers to the change of some original physical and chemical parameters and properties of materials in nature, including buildings, soil, animals and plants, after long-term continuous contact and scouring by rainwater. In particular, in the environment of arid soil, the impact of wind erosion and rain erosion is very large;

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the soil in arid environments, it is usually necessary to select a test ground in the local drought environment, and then use equipment to simulate natural conditions of wind and rain. After the test, professional technicians need to observe or take samples to determine whether the geomorphic environment of the test ground is affected, or the extent of the impact.

[0005] In the prior art, traditional wind erosion simulation equipment has great limitations in simulating wind erosion, because the wind force of natural wind is different, so the impact of a single blowing device on the test ground is very small, so the deviation of simulating natural wind is large. Secondly, the wind in an arid environment will carry sand and dust, so the wind outlet equipment usually cannot create a dust environment well.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment of arid environment soil to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a wind erosion and rain erosion test device for soil in an arid environment, which solves the problem that when the blowing equipment in the related art performs a wind erosion test, the simulated wind force is single and easily affects the test effect, and the dust environment cannot be well simulated.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment, comprising a test ground, a base, a wind measurement mechanism and an adding mechanism;

[0009] A switching motor is installed on the side wall of the base through bolts, a double-helical screw is connected to the keyway of the output shaft of the switching motor, and a mounting plate and a truss are respectively threadedly connected to the outer wall of the double-helical screw;

[0010] The wind measuring mechanism comprises a fan and a driving motor mounted on the upper surface of a mounting plate, a conical frame being mounted on the air outlet end of the fan, a flexible tube being mounted on the air outlet end of the conical frame, an air outlet tube being sealed and mounted on the air outlet end of the flexible tube, a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket being fixedly mounted on the side walls of the mounting plate respectively, a driving pulley being connected to the outer wall keyway of the output shaft of the driving motor, a driven pulley being rotatably connected to the outer wall of the second mounting bracket, a rotating disk being connected to the outer wall of the rotating disk being rotatably connected to a connecting plate, and belts being sleeved on the outer walls of the driving pulley and the driven pulley;

[0011] The adding mechanism includes a feeding frame fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the conical frame, a side wall of the feeding frame is fixedly provided with a connected discharging frame, a feeding roller is rotatably connected to the inner top of the feeding frame and the inner bottom of the discharging frame, a scale plate is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the discharging frame, a turntable is connected to the keyway at the axis center of the feeding roller and passing through the axis center of the scale plate, and a pointer is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the turntable.

[0012] Preferably, the output shaft of the driving motor is key-connected to the axis of the fan, and both sides of the air outlet pipe are rotatably connected to the first mounting frame.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the air outlet pipe, and the outer wall of the feeding roller and the outer wall of the inner bottom of the discharge frame are in contact with each other.

[0014] Preferably, both left and right ends of the double-helix screw are rotatably connected to the inside of the base via bearings, and the mounting plate and the outer wall of the truss are slidably connected to the base.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a top plate, a rotating mechanism and an air-injecting mechanism, wherein a notch is provided inside the top plate;

[0016] The rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor mounted on the upper surface of the truss, the outer wall of the output shaft of the rotating motor is respectively mounted with a first medium barrel, a second medium barrel, a third medium barrel and a pipeline, the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the bottom axis of the pipeline are respectively mounted with a nozzle, the outer wall of the pipeline is sealed with a hose, the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the top axis of the pipeline are respectively fixed with a top pipe, and the outer walls of the four top pipes are all provided with an inclined plate;

[0017] The air-injection mechanism includes a fixed tube fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the top plate, an air pump is installed on the top end of the fixed tube, an inner sealing plate is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed tube, a lifting tube is slidably connected to the interior of the top plate and located in the vertical direction of the fixed tube, a positioning plate is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the lifting tube, a return spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the lifting tube and located below the positioning plate, three second through holes are opened on the top end of the lifting tube, and three first through holes are opened on the interior of the inner sealing plate.

[0018] Preferably, the bottoms of the four inclined plates are fixedly connected to the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the pipeline, and the top port of the top pipe adopts an arc surface structure.

[0019] Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the positioning plate and the top plate, the lifting tube and the inner sealing plate are slidably connected, and the three first through holes and the three second through holes are staggered.

[0020] Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is installed on the outside of the base, a connecting pipe is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the conical frame, the cleaning mechanism includes a limiting plate fixedly provided on the side wall of the base, a cleaning pipe is installed inside the limiting plate, a sealing disk is fixedly provided on the water outlet end of the cleaning pipe, two third through holes are provided inside the sealing disk, four limiting grooves are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning pipe, a slide plate is slidably connected to the inside of the four limiting grooves, a slide rod is fixedly connected to the axis of the slide plate, three limiting springs are fixedly provided on the outer wall of the slide plate and inside the four limiting grooves, an inner plate is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and two fourth through holes are provided inside the slide plate.

[0021] Preferably, the angle between the horizontal direction of the two third through holes and the vertical direction of the two fourth through holes is ninety degrees, the sliding rod and the sealing disk are slidably connected, and the four limit springs and the four limit grooves are fixedly connected.

[0022] Compared with the related technologies, the wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for arid environment soil provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] Compared with the traditional wind erosion simulation test, this case selects a test ground in a natural environment and divides the test ground into two blocks, AB. In the process of blowing air to simulate wind erosion, the fan will synchronously control the fan-shaped reciprocating flipping motion of the air outlet duct, and flip and move from the B side on the test ground to the A side. Since the outlet duct mouth is far from the B side, the wind force of wind erosion is small. When it moves to the A side, the outlet duct mouth is close to the A side, so the wind force of wind erosion is large. Therefore, this design can ensure that the wind erosion conditions of different wind forces on the test ground are achieved under fixed wind force, realizing the diversification of wind erosion tests. At the same time, users can also add dust to simulate sandstorms, which further reflects that the test effect is closer to nature and precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the wind measurement mechanism structure shown;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Detailed structural diagram of the driven pulley and the air outlet pipe shown;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the tapered frame, the flexible tube and the adding mechanism shown;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 2 and Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the air outlet pipe in the blowing working state on the B side of the test ground is shown;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the air outlet pipe in the blowing working state on the A side of the test ground is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the working state of the wind erosion test switching to the rain erosion test is shown;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7The schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism, the air-charging mechanism and the truss installation structure shown;

[0033] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the structure viewed from above is shown;

[0034] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 The detailed structural diagram of the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the pipeline is shown;

[0035] Fig.11 for Figure 8 The cross-sectional structural diagram of the gas charging mechanism shown;

[0036] Fig.12 for Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the working state of controlling the lifting tube to rise and connecting the fixed tube when the first medium barrel rotates to the lifting tube is shown;

[0037] Fig.13 for Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the connection working state of the connection pipe and the cleaning pipe during the process of switching from the wind erosion test to the rain erosion test is shown;

[0038] Fig.14 for Fig.13 The enlarged structural diagram of position C is shown;

[0039] Fig.15 for Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the detailed connection structure of the sealing disk and the slide shown.

[0040] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0041] 1. Test ground, 2. Base, 3. Mounting plate, 4. Truss;

[0042] 5. wind measuring mechanism, 51. fan, 52. driving motor, 53. first mounting frame, 54. conical frame, 55. flexible pipe, 56. air outlet pipe, 57. driving pulley, 58. driven pulley, 59. belt, 510. second mounting frame, 511. rotating disk, 512. connecting plate;

[0043] 6. Adding mechanism, 61. Unloading frame, 62. Unloading frame, 63. Feeding roller, 64. Scale plate, 65. Turntable, 66. Pointer;

[0044] 7. Rotating mechanism, 71. Rotating motor, 72. First medium barrel, 73. Second medium barrel, 74. Third medium barrel, 75. Pipe, 76. Hose, 77. Sprinkler, 78. Inclined plate, 79. Top pipe;

[0045] 8. air charging mechanism, 81. fixing tube, 82. air pump, 83. inner sealing plate, 84. first through hole, 85. lifting tube, 86. positioning plate, 87. return spring, 88. second through hole;

[0046] 9. cleaning mechanism, 91. limiting plate, 92. cleaning pipe, 93. blocking plate, 94. third through hole, 95. limiting groove, 96. slide plate, 97. slide bar, 98. limiting spring, 99. inner plate, 910. fourth through hole;

[0047] 10. Switching motor, 11. Double helical screw, 12. Top plate, 13. Connecting pipe, 14. Notch.

[0048] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The invention provides a test device for wind erosion and rain erosion of soil in an arid environment.

[0051] First embodiment:

[0052] Please combine Figures 1 to 6 , a wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment, comprising a test ground 1, a base 2, a wind measuring mechanism 5 and an adding mechanism 6;

[0053] The side wall of the base 2 is installed with a switching motor 10 by bolts, the output shaft keyway of the switching motor 10 is connected with a double-helical screw 11, and the outer wall of the double-helical screw 11 is respectively threadedly connected with the mounting plate 3 and the truss 4;

[0054] The wind measuring mechanism 5 comprises a fan 51 and a driving motor 52 mounted on the upper surface of the mounting plate 3, a conical frame 54 being mounted on the air outlet end of the fan 51, a flexible tube 55 being mounted on the air outlet end of the conical frame 54, an air outlet tube 56 being sealed and mounted on the air outlet end of the flexible tube 55, a first mounting frame 53 and a second mounting frame 510 being fixedly mounted on the side walls of the mounting plate 3, respectively, a driving pulley 57 being connected to the outer wall keyway of the output shaft of the driving motor 52, a driven pulley 58 being rotatably connected to the outer wall of the second mounting frame 510, a rotating disk 511 being connected to the keyway at the axis of the driven pulley 58, a connecting plate 512 being rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating disk 511, a belt 59 being sleeved on the outer walls of the driving pulley 57 and the driven pulley 58;

[0055] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 : During the wind erosion test, the driving motor 52 is started to control the rotation of the fan 51. The fan 51 generates strong wind that can be blown out through the conical frame 54, and then through the flexible tube 55 and finally blown out through the air outlet pipe 56 to simulate natural blowing;

[0056] At the same time, when the driving motor 52 is rotating to drive the fan 51, the output shaft of the driving motor 52 will drive the driving pulley 57 to rotate. When the driving pulley 57 rotates, the transmission belt 59 will drive the driven pulley 58 to rotate. The rotating driven pulley 58 synchronously controls the rotating disk 511 to rotate on the second mounting frame 510.

[0057] See also Figure 5 : When the air outlet duct 56 is in the initial state, the outlet position of the air outlet duct 56 is on the B surface of the test ground 1. Since the rotating disk 511 is rotating, the connecting plate 512 will be driven during the rotation to pull the air outlet duct 56 to perform a clockwise reciprocating fan-shaped flipping motion around the hinge position of the first mounting frame 53, and the air will blow during the counterclockwise flipping process to affect the entire B surface.

[0058] See also Figure 6 : When the rotating disk 511 drives the connecting plate 512 to move to the extreme position, the air outlet pipe 56 will flip clockwise to the surface A on the test ground 1, and the wind will affect the entire surface A, thus realizing the wind erosion test on the test ground 1.

[0059] The adding mechanism 6 includes a feeding frame 61 fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the conical frame 54, a side wall of the feeding frame 61 is fixedly provided with a connected discharging frame 62, a feeding roller 63 is rotatably connected to the inner top of the feeding frame 61 and the inner bottom of the discharging frame 62, a scale plate 64 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the discharging frame 62, a turntable 65 is connected to the keyway at the axis of the feeding roller 63 and passing through the axis of the scale plate 64, and a pointer 66 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the turntable 65.

[0060] See also Figure 4 : Sand and dust can be placed inside the discharge frame 62, and sand and dust of different densities can be placed within the limited height of the discharge frame 62 according to actual test conditions. The sand and dust need to be stacked in layers (the single particle limit volume of the sand and dust needs to be smaller than the outlet diameter of the air outlet pipe 56, so as to avoid clogging of the air outlet pipe 56);

[0061] The rotating turntable 65 drives the feeding roller 63 to rotate in the discharge frame 62. The spiral edge on the outer wall of the feeding roller 63 can transport the sand and dust inside the discharge frame 62 to the unloading frame 61, and then fall into the conical frame 54 through the unloading frame 61. In this way, the wind blown out by the air outlet pipe 56 will carry sand and dust, thereby simulating a sand and dust wind environment.

[0062] The output shaft of the driving motor 52 is key-connected to the axis of the fan 51 , and both sides of the air outlet pipe 56 are rotatably connected to the first mounting bracket 53 .

[0063] The upper end of the connecting plate 512 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the air outlet pipe 56 , and the outer wall of the feeding roller 63 is in contact with the outer wall of the inner bottom of the discharging frame 62 .

[0064] Both left and right ends of the double-helical screw 11 are rotatably connected to the inside of the base 2 via bearings, and the outer walls of the mounting plate 3 and the truss 4 are slidably connected to the base 2 .

[0065] Understandable: From Figure 2 As can be seen, due to the different diameters of the driving pulley 57 and the driven pulley 58, when the driving motor 52 controls the high-speed rotation of the fan 51, a differential ratio will be formed to prevent the rotation of the driven pulley 58 from being too fast, so as to ensure that the turning movement of the air outlet duct 56 is not too fast.

[0066] Secondly, the design of the flexible tube 55 is also to avoid interference with the air outlet tube 56 during the flipping process.

[0067] Second: Combine Figure 4 It can be seen that by rotating the turntable 65, it can be observed that the pointer 66 rotates one circle or several circles on the dial 64. In this way, the sand and dust introduced by one circle is quantitative, and by continuing to rotate multiple circles in sequence, the sand and dust can be introduced in batches in a quantitative manner, which is convenient for accurately realizing the amount of sand and dust entering, which is beneficial for the test personnel to accurately add the amount of sand and dust, and is conducive to accurate simulation tests.

[0068] This embodiment: Compared with the traditional wind erosion simulation test, this case selects a test ground 1 in a natural environment, and divides the test ground 1 into two blocks AB. The fan 51 will synchronously control the fan-shaped reciprocating flipping motion of the air outlet duct 56 during the process of blowing air to simulate wind erosion, and flip and move from the B side on the test ground 1 to the A side. Since the outlet of the air outlet duct 56 is far from the B side, the wind force of wind erosion is small. When it moves to the A side, the outlet of the air outlet duct 56 is close to the A side, so the wind force of wind erosion is large. Therefore, such a design can ensure that under the condition of fixed wind force, the wind erosion conditions of different wind forces on the partitions of the test ground 1 are achieved, realizing the diversification of wind erosion tests. At the same time, users can also add dust to simulate dust wind, which further reflects that the test effect is closer to nature and precision.

[0069] Second embodiment:

[0070] Please combine Figures 7 to 12 , further comprising a top plate 12, a rotating mechanism 7 and an air-injecting mechanism 8, wherein a notch 14 is provided inside the top plate 12;

[0071] The rotating mechanism 7 includes a rotating motor 71 installed on the upper surface of the truss 4, and the outer wall of the output shaft of the rotating motor 71 is respectively installed with a first medium barrel 72, a second medium barrel 73, a third medium barrel 74 and a pipeline 75, and the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73, the third medium barrel 74 and the pipeline 75 are respectively installed with a nozzle 77 at the bottom axis center, and the outer wall of the pipeline 75 is sealed with a hose 76, and the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73, the third medium barrel 74 and the pipeline 75 are respectively fixed with a top pipe 79 at the top axis center, and the outer walls of the four top pipes 79 are all provided with an inclined plate 78;

[0072] The air charging mechanism 8 includes a fixed tube 81 fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the top plate 12, an air pump 82 is installed at the top end of the fixed tube 81, an inner sealing plate 83 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed tube 81, a lifting tube 85 is slidably connected to the interior of the top plate 12 and located in the vertical direction of the fixed tube 81, a positioning plate 86 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the lifting tube 85, a return spring 87 is sleeved on the outer wall of the lifting tube 85 and located below the positioning plate 86, three second through holes 88 are opened at the top end of the lifting tube 85, and three first through holes 84 are opened inside the inner sealing plate 83.

[0073] See also Figure 7 : When the wind erosion test is completed, the user can start the switching motor 10 to rotate. The switching motor 10 can drive the double-helix screw 11 to rotate and control the mounting plate 3 and the truss 4 to move closer to each other, so that the truss 4 will move the rotating mechanism 7 and the air injection mechanism 8 to the test ground 1, forming a switch from the wind erosion test to the rain erosion test.

[0074] See also Figure 8 and Fig. 9 : The rotating motor 71 can rotate and control the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 to pass through the slot 14 position in sequence. The test personnel can fill the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 with the prepared medium (the pH value of the medium is less than 5.6, that is, it is an acidic liquid medium).

[0075] See also Fig.11 When the bottom of the lifting tube 85 is not in contact with the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73, the third medium barrel 74 and the pipeline 75, the lifting tube 85 and the inner sealing plate 83 are in a blocked state, so the first through hole 84 and the second through hole 88 are staggered and closed with each other, so that the air pump 82 is in a closed state.

[0076] See also Fig.10 and Fig.12 : When the first medium barrel 72 is affected by the rotation and passes through the lifting pipe 85, the lifting pipe 85 will be affected by the inclined surface of the inclined plate 78 and finally rise and contact and conduct with the top pipe 79. When rising, the second through hole 88 at the top of the lifting pipe 85 and the first through hole 84 in the inner sealing plate 83 will open, so that the air pump 82 can inflate the first medium barrel 72, squeeze and compress the medium in the first medium barrel 72 to the nozzle 77 and spray it on the test ground 1, so as to simulate the impact of the test ground 1 under the acid rain environment;

[0077] Secondly, when the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 pass by in sequence, the spraying medium test can be realized. Finally, when the pipeline 75 rotates to the position of the lifting pipe 85, the user needs to connect the hose 76 to the external water pump and spray ordinary water in the pipeline 75 to simulate rain erosion under normal rainfall.

[0078] The bottoms of the four inclined plates 78 are fixedly connected to the first medium barrel 72 , the second medium barrel 73 , the third medium barrel 74 and the pipeline 75 , and the top end of the top pipe 79 adopts an arc surface structure.

[0079] The upper and lower ends of the return spring 87 are fixedly connected to the positioning plate 86 and the top plate 12, the lifting tube 85 is slidably connected to the inner sealing plate 83, and the three first through holes 84 and the three second through holes 88 are staggered.

[0080] Understandable: Please combine Fig.10 Since each top tube 79 is designed as an arc, the moving friction force received by the top tube 79 and the lifting tube 85 when they are separated is small, which can ensure that the top tube 79 can be separated smoothly.

[0081] This embodiment: Compared with the traditional rain erosion test design, this case is designed with three rotatable first medium barrels 72, second medium barrels 73 and third medium barrels 74 with different capacities, and each is filled with different media. The media can be freely replaced according to the needs of the experiment (acidic medium, alkaline medium, artificial simulated acid rain, etc.). When the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 are rotated to the lower part of the air charging mechanism 8 in turn, the air charging mechanism 8 and the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 are connected through elastic movement. Therefore, such a design can not only spray the medium quantitatively and accurately, simulate the rain erosion effect on the test ground 1 under different environments, but also integrate the rotation and conduction seal to ensure excellent sealing effect and ensure that the conveying medium does not leak.

[0082] Third embodiment:

[0083] See also Figures 13 to 15 A cleaning mechanism 9 is installed on the outside of the base 2, and a connecting pipe 13 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the conical frame 54. The cleaning mechanism 9 includes a limiting plate 91 fixedly provided on the side wall of the base 2, and a cleaning pipe 92 is installed inside the limiting plate 91. A blocking disk 93 is fixedly provided at the water outlet end of the cleaning pipe 92, and two third through holes 94 are provided inside the blocking disk 93. Four limiting grooves 95 are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning pipe 92, and a slide plate 96 is slidably connected to the inside of the four limiting grooves 95. A sliding rod 97 is fixedly connected to the axis of the slide plate 96, and three limiting springs 98 are fixedly provided on the outer wall of the slide plate 96 and inside the four limiting grooves 95. An inner plate 99 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe 13, and two fourth through holes 910 are provided inside the slide plate 96.

[0084] See also Fig.13 : During operation of the first embodiment, in the case of simulating dust and wind, sticky dust will be present inside the conical frame 54 and on the inner wall of the front component. If used for a long time, more and more dust will accumulate on the inner wall, which will easily affect the test effect of wind erosion.

[0085] See also Fig.13 and Fig.14 : When the wind erosion switches to rain erosion, the connecting pipe 13 moves in the direction of the cleaning pipe 92, and finally the inner plate 99 will contact the sliding rod 97 to affect the control sliding rod 97 to drive the sliding plate 96 and the blocking plate 93 to separate. When separating, the third through hole 94 and the fourth through hole 910 are far apart from each other, and the connecting pipe 13 and the cleaning pipe 92 are opened and connected to each other. The cleaning pipe 92 can be connected to a water pump for continuous water supply. The water pump transports water to the connecting pipe 13 through the cleaning pipe 92 and enters the conical frame 54. Then the fan 51 can disperse the water in the conical frame 54 when blowing, and finally wash away the sticky sand and dust.

[0086] The angle between the horizontal direction of the two third through holes 94 and the vertical direction of the two fourth through holes 910 is ninety degrees, the sliding rod 97 is slidably connected to the sealing disk 93, and the four limiting springs 98 are fixedly connected to the four limiting grooves 95.

[0087] In this embodiment: during the process of switching from wind erosion to rain erosion, wind erosion stops working. Therefore, the connecting pipe 13 and the cleaning pipe 92 are automatically connected during the switching process. Without the use of any valves, the water inside the cleaning pipe 92 can be transported to the connecting pipe 13 and then enter the conical frame 54. The fan 51 can then blow air to disperse the entering water, thereby flushing away the fine sand and dust adhering to the upper surface of the inner wall of the conical frame 54, the flexible pipe 55 and the air outlet pipe 56, thereby ensuring that subsequent wind erosion tests can be used normally and avoiding blockage of the air outlet pipe 56.

[0088] Please refer to Figures 1 to 15 The working principle of the wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in arid environment provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0089] Step S1: Wind erosion test, the driving motor 52 is started to control the rotation of the fan 51, and the strong wind generated by the fan 51 can be blown out through the conical frame 54, and then through the flexible tube 55 and finally blown out through the air outlet 56 to simulate natural blowing. The output shaft of the driving motor 52 will drive the driving pulley 57 to rotate. When the driving pulley 57 rotates, the transmission belt 59 will drive the driven pulley 58 to rotate. The rotating driven pulley 58 synchronously controls the rotating disk 511 to rotate on the second mounting frame 510. The rotating disk 511 is rotating, so during the rotation process, it will drive the connecting plate 512 to pull the air outlet duct 56 to perform a clockwise reciprocating fan-shaped flipping movement around the hinge position of the first mounting frame 53, and during the counterclockwise flipping process, the wind will blow to affect the entire B surface. When the rotating disk 511 drives the connecting plate 512 to move to the extreme position, the air outlet duct 56 will flip clockwise to the A surface on the test ground 1, and the wind will blow to affect the entire A surface, thereby realizing the wind erosion test on the test ground 1.

[0090] Step S2: The wind erosion test is switched to the rain erosion test, and the switching motor 10 is started to rotate. The switching motor 10 can drive the double-helix screw 11 to rotate and control the mounting plate 3 and the truss 4 to move closer to each other, so that the truss 4 moves the rotating mechanism 7 and the air injection mechanism 8 to the test ground 1.

[0091] Step S3: Rain erosion test, the test personnel can fill the first medium barrel 72, the second medium barrel 73 and the third medium barrel 74 with the prepared medium (the pH value of the medium is less than 5.6, that is, it is an acidic liquid medium). When the first medium barrel 72 is affected by the rotation and passes through the lifting pipe 85, the lifting pipe 85 will be affected by the inclined surface of the inclined plate 78 and finally rise and contact and conduct with the top pipe 79. When rising, the second through hole 88 at the top of the lifting pipe 85 and the first through hole 84 in the inner sealing plate 83 will open, so that the air pump 82 can inflate the first medium barrel 72, squeeze and compress the medium in the first medium barrel 72 to the nozzle 77 and spray it on the test ground 1, so as to simulate the impact on the test ground 1 under the acid rain environment.

[0092] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test equipment for wind erosion and rain erosion of soil in arid environment, characterized in that: It includes test ground, base, wind measuring mechanism and adding mechanism; A switching motor is installed on the side wall of the base through bolts, a double-helical screw is connected to the keyway of the output shaft of the switching motor, and a mounting plate and a truss are respectively threadedly connected to the outer wall of the double-helical screw; The wind measuring mechanism comprises a fan and a driving motor mounted on the upper surface of a mounting plate, a conical frame being mounted on the air outlet end of the fan, a flexible tube being mounted on the air outlet end of the conical frame, an air outlet tube being sealed and mounted on the air outlet end of the flexible tube, a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket being fixedly mounted on the side walls of the mounting plate respectively, a driving pulley being connected to the outer wall keyway of the output shaft of the driving motor, a driven pulley being rotatably connected to the outer wall of the second mounting bracket, a rotating disk being connected to the outer wall of the rotating disk being rotatably connected to a connecting plate, and belts being sleeved on the outer walls of the driving pulley and the driven pulley; The adding mechanism comprises a material unloading frame fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the conical frame, a material unloading frame connected to the side wall of the material unloading frame, a material feeding roller rotatably connected to the inner top of the material unloading frame and the inner bottom of the material unloading frame, a scale plate fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the material unloading frame, a turntable connected to the keyway at the axis of the material feeding roller and penetrating the axis of the scale plate, and a pointer fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the turntable; It also includes a top plate, a rotating mechanism and an air-injecting mechanism, wherein a slot is provided inside the top plate; The rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor mounted on the upper surface of the truss, the outer wall of the output shaft of the rotating motor is respectively mounted with a first medium barrel, a second medium barrel, a third medium barrel and a pipeline, the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the bottom axis of the pipeline are respectively mounted with a nozzle, the outer wall of the pipeline is sealed with a hose, the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the top axis of the pipeline are respectively fixed with a top pipe, and the outer walls of the four top pipes are all provided with an inclined plate; The air-injection mechanism comprises a fixed tube fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the top plate, an air pump is installed on the top of the fixed tube, an inner sealing plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the fixed tube, a lifting tube is slidably connected inside the top plate and located in the vertical direction of the fixed tube, a positioning plate is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the lifting tube, a return spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the lifting tube and located below the positioning plate, three second through holes are opened on the top of the lifting tube, and three first through holes are opened inside the inner sealing plate; A cleaning mechanism is installed on the outside of the base, a connecting pipe is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the conical frame, the cleaning mechanism includes a limiting plate fixedly provided on the side wall of the base, a cleaning pipe is installed inside the limiting plate, a sealing disk is fixedly provided on the water outlet end of the cleaning pipe, two third through holes are provided inside the sealing disk, four limiting grooves are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning pipe, a slide plate is slidably connected to the inside of the four limiting grooves, a slide rod is fixedly connected to the axis of the slide plate, three limiting springs are fixedly provided on the outer wall of the slide plate and inside the four limiting grooves, an inner plate is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and two fourth through holes are provided inside the slide plate.

2. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft of the driving motor is key-connected to the axis of the fan, and both sides of the air outlet pipe are rotatably connected to the first mounting frame.

3. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the air outlet pipe, and the outer wall of the feeding roller is in contact with the outer wall of the inner bottom of the material discharging frame.

4. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right ends of the double-helix screw are both rotatably connected to the inside of the base through bearings, and the outer wall of the mounting plate and the truss is slidably connected to the base.

5. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoms of the four inclined plates are fixedly connected to the first medium barrel, the second medium barrel, the third medium barrel and the pipeline, and the top port of the top pipe adopts an arc surface structure.

6. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the positioning plate and the top plate, the lifting tube is slidably connected to the inner sealing plate, and the three first through holes and the three second through holes are staggered.

7. The wind erosion and rain erosion test equipment for soil in an arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the horizontal direction of the two third through holes and the vertical direction of the two fourth through holes is ninety degrees, the sliding rod is slidably connected to the sealing disk, and the four limit springs are fixedly connected to the four limit grooves.

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