Antenna structure and electronic device

Abstract

An antenna structure includes at least: a substrate, and a first dipole antenna arm, a second dipole antenna arm, a feeding structure, and a resonant section disposed on the substrate; the first dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant section; the second dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant section; the resonant section is connected to the feeding structure; the antenna structure has an axis of symmetry; the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm are symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the resonant section is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the connection point between the resonant section and the feeding structure is located on the axis of symmetry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This article relates to, but is not limited to, the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology and electronic technology, 433MHz wireless communication devices are being used more widely in portable devices, vehicle terminals and other fields. However, due to its low frequency and long wavelength, the antenna size is generally large, which affects the miniaturization of communication technology in this frequency band. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail herein. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0004] This disclosure provides an antenna structure, which includes at least: a substrate, and a first dipole antenna arm, a second dipole antenna arm, a feeding structure, and a resonant part disposed on the substrate;

[0005] The first dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant part; the second dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant part; the resonant part is connected to the feeding structure;

[0006] The antenna structure has an axis of symmetry; the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm are symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the resonant part is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the connection point between the resonant part and the feed structure is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0007] In some exemplary embodiments, each of the first and second dipole antenna arms includes N first extension segments extending along a first direction and N-1 second extension segments extending along a second direction; the N first extension segments are arranged sequentially along the second direction, the first end of the first first extension segment is connected to the resonant part, the second end of the i-th first extension segment is connected to the first end of the (i+1)-th first extension segment through a second extension segment, i is an integer greater than 0 and less than N, and N is an integer greater than 1; the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0008] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the first extension segment is greater than the length of the second extension segment.

[0009] In some exemplary embodiments, the second to the Nth first extension segments in each vibrator antenna arm have the same length, and the length of the first first extension segment is less than the length of the second first extension segment.

[0010] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2jth first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is greater than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

[0011] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2jth first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is less than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension in each vibrator antenna arm is equal to the difference between the length of the 2j+1th first extension.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is not equal to the difference in length between the 2j+1th first extension segment and the 2j+1th first extension segment.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments, the N-1 second extensions of each vibrator antenna arm are of the same length.

[0015] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion includes a semi-circular structure; the semi-circular structure includes a first arcuate edge and a linear edge;

[0016] The center of the semi-circular structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is connected to the first arc-shaped edge; the semi-circular structure has a groove at the linear edge.

[0017] The groove is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry.

[0018] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion includes at least a semi-circular ring structure; the semi-circular ring structure includes a second arcuate edge and a third arcuate edge; the second arcuate edge is located on the side of the third arcuate edge away from the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm;

[0019] The center of the semi-circular ring structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is located between the second arc-shaped edge and the third arc-shaped edge.

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion further includes a short-circuit stub; the short-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry;

[0021] The short-circuit stub includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment.

[0022] Each fourth extension segment connects to the third arcuate edge; the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion further includes an open-circuit stub; the open-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry;

[0024] The open-circuit branch is connected to the third arc-shaped edge, and the open-circuit branch is located on the side of the short-circuit branch near the second arc-shaped edge.

[0025] In some exemplary embodiments, the open branch is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0026] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply structure includes: a first ground plane, a second ground plane, and a microstrip line; the microstrip line is connected to the first arc-shaped edge, and the first ground plane and the second ground plane are located on both sides of the microstrip line.

[0027] In some exemplary embodiments, the microstrip line is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry and is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0028] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply structure includes a coaxial cable and a power supply port, wherein the coaxial cable is connected to the power supply port.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, the orthographic projection of the power supply port on the substrate is rectangular.

[0030] In some exemplary embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a reflective ground; the reflective ground is located on the side of the feed structure away from the resonant portion.

[0031] This disclosure provides an electronic device including the antenna structure described above.

[0032] After reading and understanding the accompanying diagrams and detailed descriptions, the other aspects can be understood. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the technical solutions of this disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this disclosure. The shape and size of one or more components in the drawings do not reflect actual proportions and are only intended to illustrate the content of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 1A This is a plan view of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 1B for Figure 1AThe simulation results of the S11 curve of the antenna structure shown are displayed.

[0036] Figure 1C for Figure 1A A three-dimensional radiation direction diagram of the antenna structure is shown;

[0037] Figure 2 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 3 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 4 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 5 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 6 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 7 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 8 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 9A This is a plan view of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 9B for Figure 9A The simulation results of the S11 curve of the antenna structure shown are displayed.

[0046] Figure 9C for Figure 9A A three-dimensional radiation direction diagram of the antenna structure is shown;

[0047] Figure 10 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 11 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 12 This is another planar schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The implementation can be carried out in many different forms. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the methods and content can be changed to one or more forms without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure should not be construed as limited to the content described in the following embodiments. Without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this disclosure can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0052] In the accompanying drawings, the size of one or more constituent elements, the thickness of layers, or areas are sometimes exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, this disclosure is not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of the various components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate ideal examples, and this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0053] The ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," and "third" in this disclosure are used to avoid confusion among the constituent elements, not to limit the quantity. The term "multiple" in this disclosure refers to two or more quantities.

[0054] In this disclosure, for convenience, terms such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplification of the specification, and does not imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. The positional relationships of the constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which the constituent elements are described. Therefore, the description is not limited to the terms used in the specification and may be appropriately replaced as appropriate.

[0055] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate component, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the meaning of these terms in this disclosure as appropriate.

[0056] In this disclosure, "electrical connection" includes the situation where constituent elements are connected together by a component having a certain electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "component having a certain electrical function," as long as it enables the transmission of electrical signals between the connected constituent elements. Examples of "component having a certain electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components having one or more functions.

[0057] In this disclosure, "parallel" refers to a state in which the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than or equal to -10° and less than 10°, and therefore can include a state in which the angle is greater than or equal to -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state in which the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than or equal to 80° and less than 100°, and therefore can include a state in which the angle is greater than or equal to 85° and less than 95°.

[0058] In this disclosure, “about” means a value that is not strictly limited and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0059] In this disclosure, a microstrip (MS) refers to a microwave transmission line consisting of a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate.

[0060] This disclosure provides an antenna structure, including at least: a substrate, and a first dipole antenna arm, a second dipole antenna arm, a feeding structure, and a resonant section disposed on the substrate. The first dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant section; the second dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant section; the resonant section is connected to the feeding structure. The antenna structure has an axis of symmetry; the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm are symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the resonant section is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the connection point between the resonant section and the feeding structure is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0061] The antenna structure provided in this embodiment improves gain by adjusting the energy distribution through the arrangement of a first and second dipole antenna arm symmetrical about the axis of symmetry, and a resonant section symmetrical about the axis of symmetry. This allows the concentrated energy to radiate out along the gap between the first and second dipole antenna arms. Furthermore, the antenna structure provided in this embodiment is simple in structure and has low return loss.

[0062] In some exemplary embodiments, each of the first and second dipole antenna arms may include: N first extension segments extending along a first direction and N-1 second extension segments extending along a second direction; the N first extension segments are arranged sequentially along the second direction, the first end of the first first extension segment is connected to the resonant part, and the second end of the i-th first extension segment is connected to the first end of the (i+1)-th first extension segment through a second extension segment, where i is an integer greater than 0 and less than N, and N is an integer greater than 1; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction may be perpendicular to the second direction. The antenna structure of this example utilizes a symmetrical dipole structure with a folded shape to achieve the electrical length required for antenna structure resonance, which is beneficial for expanding bandwidth and miniaturizing the antenna structure. Moreover, it changes the current distribution of the antenna, allowing the concentrated energy to radiate along the gap between the first and second dipole antenna arms, thereby improving the gain.

[0063] In some exemplary embodiments, N is an odd number. For example, N can be 7. Since the current path reverses after a quarter wavelength, this example improves the reduced gain caused by current reversal when the number of the first extension segments is even by setting the number of the first extension segments to an odd number, thereby increasing the radiation gain of the antenna structure to some extent.

[0064] In some exemplary embodiments, N is an even number. For example, N can be 8.

[0065] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the first extension segment is greater than the length of the second extension segment.

[0066] In some exemplary embodiments, the second to the Nth first extension segments in each vibrator antenna arm have the same length, and the length of the first first extension segment is less than the length of the second first extension segment.

[0067] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2jth first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is greater than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

[0068] For example, the folded length of the two arms of a dipole antenna can gradually increase from the feed point to the end of the folded element. This incremental approach reduces the coupling between the two dipole arms. Structurally, this increases the distance between the two arms, minimizing unnecessary coupling. This is especially true near the feed end where the energy is stronger, leading to greater coupling if the arms are too close together. Conversely, at the far feed end, the energy gradually decreases, resulting in slightly less coupling even when the arms are relatively close.

[0069] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2jth first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is less than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

[0070] For example, the folded length of the two arms of a dipole antenna gradually decreases from the feed point to the end of the folded element. Using this decreasing folding method results in a stronger current intensity near the feed end, which can lead to stronger electromagnetic coupling if other integrated components are added. Conversely, at the far feed end, the folded element is shorter and the current intensity is weaker, resulting in less electromagnetic coupling to other integrated components and making it easier to integrate.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension in each vibrator antenna arm is equal to the difference between the length of the 2j+1th first extension.

[0072] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment in each vibrator antenna arm is not equal to the difference in length between the 2j+1th first extension segment and the 2j+1th first extension segment.

[0073] In some exemplary embodiments, the N-1 second extensions of each vibrator antenna arm are of the same length.

[0074] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion includes a semi-circular structure; the semi-circular structure includes a first arcuate edge and a linear edge;

[0075] The center of the semi-circular structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is connected to the first arc-shaped edge; the semi-circular structure has a groove at the linear edge.

[0076] The groove is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry.

[0077] By using a semi-circular structure to introduce multiple resonant modes, and by folding the oscillator arm, the vertical current is superimposed while the horizontal current is canceled out. At the same time, the bandwidth is increased by using a gradual change.

[0078] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion includes at least a semi-circular ring structure; the semi-circular ring structure includes a second arcuate edge and a third arcuate edge; the second arcuate edge is located on the side of the third arcuate edge away from the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm;

[0079] The center of the semi-circular ring structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is located between the second arc-shaped edge and the third arc-shaped edge.

[0080] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion further includes a short-circuit stub; the short-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry;

[0081] The short-circuit stub includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment.

[0082] Each fourth extension segment connects to the third arcuate edge; the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0083] By using a short-circuit stub at the semicircle, the available current paths can be increased. The current can either flow directly through the semicircle to the end of the folded structure and radiate outwards, or it can flow through the short-circuit stub to the end of the folded structure. Since the currents along these two different paths have a certain phase difference, they can superimpose within the folded structure, potentially resulting in current enhancement. Therefore, the phase of the current can be adjusted by regulating the size of the short-circuit stub and its distance from the semicircle end, thereby adjusting the gain of the entire structure.

[0084] The short-circuit stub also serves as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the oscillator arm and the spacing between the oscillators, the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated out along the gap between the two oscillators, thereby increasing the gain.

[0085] In some exemplary embodiments, the resonant portion further includes an open-circuit stub; the open-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry;

[0086] The open-circuit branch is connected to the third arc-shaped edge, and the open-circuit branch is located on the side of the short-circuit branch near the second arc-shaped edge.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the open branch is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0088] The matching of the feeder is adjusted by changing the length and width of the open branch.

[0089] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply structure includes: a first ground plane, a second ground plane, and a microstrip line; the microstrip line is connected to the first arc-shaped edge, and the first ground plane and the second ground plane are located on both sides of the microstrip line.

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, the microstrip line is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry and is located on the axis of symmetry.

[0091] By comprehensively utilizing the coupling effect of microstrip lines and grooved semi-circular gradient structures, good matching can be achieved, and the bandwidth can be further extended by combining CPW feeding method.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply structure includes a coaxial cable and a power supply port, wherein the coaxial cable is connected to the power supply port.

[0093] In some exemplary embodiments, the orthographic projection of the power supply port on the substrate is rectangular.

[0094] In some exemplary embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a reflective ground; the reflective ground is located on the side of the feed structure away from the resonant portion.

[0095] For example, adding a GND (Ground Ground) reflector at approximately a quarter wavelength from the feed end of a folded dipole antenna can increase the antenna gain. Because of the quarter-wavelength distance between the reflector and the folded dipole antenna, the radiated energy from both in the far field is amplified, increasing the antenna's gain. While a dipole antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation, adding a GND acts as a reflector, redirecting the energy that would otherwise be radiated towards the GND towards the front of the antenna, resulting in end-firing radiation. Therefore, adding a GND not only alters the antenna's radiation pattern but also increases the gain by approximately 3 dB.

[0096] The antenna structure of this embodiment will be illustrated below with several examples.

[0097] Figure 1A This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 1A The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0098] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 1A As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure 140 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure 140.

[0099] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0100] In some examples, such as Figure 1AAs shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular structure 4. The semi-circular structure 4 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular structure 4 may include a first arcuate edge 1312 and a linear edge 1311. The first arcuate edge 1312 may be located on the side of the linear edge 1311 away from the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna 120. A groove 5 is provided at the linear edge 1311. The orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 may be approximately rectangular, for example, it may be a rectangle. For example, the length of the orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 along the first direction D1 may be less than the length along the second direction D2. The opening of the groove 5 is located on the side of the linear edge 1311 facing away from the feed structure 140. The groove 5 may be approximately symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may be connected to the first arcuate edge 1312. The feed structure 140 has a feed port 142, for example, the feed port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0101] In some examples, such as Figure 1A As shown, the feed structure 140 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may include a first ground plane 6, a second ground plane 7, and a microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3 is connected to the feed structure 140, and the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 are located on opposite sides of the microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3, the first ground plane 6, and the second ground plane 7 together form a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feed structure. In some examples, the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 may have the same dimensions, for example, in terms of length (e.g.,...). Figure 1A The length along the first direction D1 can be approximately 44.8 millimeters (mm), and the width (e.g., Figure 1A The length of the middle section along the second direction D2 can be approximately 3 mm.

[0102] In some examples, such as Figure 1A As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1115, a second first extension segment 1113, a third first extension segment 1111, a fourth first extension segment 119, a fifth first extension segment 117, a sixth first extension segment 115, a seventh first extension segment 113, and an eighth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1114, a second second extension segment 1112, a third second extension segment 1110, a fourth second extension segment 118, a fifth second extension segment 116, a sixth second extension segment 114, and a seventh second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0103] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1115 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1113 via the first extension 1114, the second end of the second extension 1113 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1111 via the second extension 1112, the second end of the third extension 1111 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 119 via the third extension 1110, and the second end of the fourth extension 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 1115 via the fourth extension 1114. 18 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 117, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 115 through the fifth second extension segment 116, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 113 through the sixth second extension segment 114, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 111 through the seventh second extension segment 112, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0104] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1215, a second first extension segment 1213, a third first extension segment 1211, a fourth first extension segment 129, a fifth first extension segment 127, a sixth first extension segment 125, a seventh first extension segment 123, and an eighth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1214, a second second extension segment 1212, a third second extension segment 1210, a fourth second extension segment 128, a fifth second extension segment 126, a sixth second extension segment 124, and a seventh second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0105] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1215 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1213 via the first second extension 1214, the second end of the second extension 1213 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1211 via the second second extension 1212, the second end of the third extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 129 via the third second extension 1210, and the second end of the fourth extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth second extension 1215 via the fourth second extension 1214. 28 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 127, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 127 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 125 through the fifth second extension segment 126, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 125 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 123 through the sixth second extension segment 124, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 123 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 121 through the seventh second extension segment 122, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0106] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 1113, the third first extension segment 1111, the fourth first extension segment 119, the fifth first extension segment 117, the sixth first extension segment 115, the seventh first extension segment 113, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be approximately the same.

[0107] In some examples, the eighth first extension segment 111 and the seventh first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the seventh second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The seventh first extension segment 113 and the sixth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0108] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1115 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segments 1114 and 1113 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1113 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1112 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The seventh second extension segment 112 can be formed after the thirteenth right-angle bend, and the eighth first extension segment 111 after the fourteenth right-angle bend.

[0109] In this example, the first dipole antenna arm 110, the second dipole antenna arm 120, and the semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 can serve as radiators. The radiators are used for 433MHz band resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization of the antenna structure. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is achieved using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure, which is beneficial for expanding bandwidth and miniaturization. The semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 introduces multiple resonant modes. By folding the dipole arms, the vertical current is superimposed while the horizontal current is canceled out, and the bandwidth is increased by using a gradient. The microstrip line 3 and the semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 are coupled to achieve good matching, and the bandwidth is further expanded by combining CPW feeding.

[0110] In this embodiment, each dipole antenna arm undergoes 14 right-angle bends to form a square waveform folded structure. By folding the dipole dipole multiple times, the physical size of the antenna is effectively reduced. The overall size is 95mm×58mm×0.8mm. At the center operating frequency, the actual size does not exceed that of a spherical antenna of r=λ / 2π, which meets the size standard of electrically small antennas.

[0111] Through the combined action of the radiator and the feed point, the effective operating frequency band of this embodiment is 373.65MHz-493.76MHz, with a bandwidth of 120.11MHz and a bandwidth ratio of 27.7%. Figure 1B and Figure 1C As shown, it has bandwidth performance far exceeding that of related technologies, and achieves a maximum gain of -10.8dB and a return loss of -48.78dB at the center frequency of 433MHz, with excellent performance indicators.

[0112] Figure 2 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 2 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0113] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure 140 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure 140.

[0114] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0115] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular structure 4. The semi-circular structure 4 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular structure 4 may include a first arcuate edge 1312 and a linear edge 1311. The first arcuate edge 1312 may be located on the side of the linear edge 1311 away from the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna 120. A groove 5 is provided at the linear edge 1311. The orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 may be approximately rectangular, for example, it may be a rectangle. For example, the length of the orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 along the first direction D1 may be less than the length along the second direction D2. The opening of the groove 5 is located on the side of the linear edge 1311 facing away from the feed structure 140. The groove 5 may be approximately symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may be connected to the first arcuate edge 1312. The feed structure 140 has a feed port 142, which may be located, for example, on the axis of symmetry.

[0116] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the antenna structure may further include a feed structure 140. The feed structure 140 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may include a first ground plane 6, a second ground plane 7, and a microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3 is connected to the first arcuate edge 1312, and the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 are located on opposite sides of the microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3, the first ground plane 6, and the second ground plane 7 together form a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feed structure. In some examples, the dimensions of the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 may be the same, for example, in terms of length (e.g., ...). Figure 1A The length along the first direction D1 can be approximately 44.8 millimeters (mm), and the width (e.g., Figure 1A The length of the middle section along the second direction D2 can be approximately 3 mm.

[0117] In some examples, such as Figure 2As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1113, a second first extension segment 1111, a third first extension segment 119, a fourth first extension segment 117, a fifth first extension segment 115, a sixth first extension segment 113, and a seventh first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1112, a second second extension segment 1110, a third second extension segment 118, a fourth second extension segment 116, a fifth second extension segment 114, and a sixth second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is odd (e.g., seven), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is even (e.g., eight).

[0118] In some examples, the first end of the first extension segment 1113 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension segment 1111 via the first extension segment 1112, the second end of the second extension segment 1111 is connected to the first end of the third extension segment 119 via the second extension segment 1110, the second end of the third extension segment 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension segment 117 via the third extension segment 118, the second end of the fourth extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension segment 115 via the fourth extension segment 116, the second end of the fifth extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension segment 113 via the fifth extension segment 114, the second end of the sixth extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the seventh extension segment 111 via the sixth extension segment 112, and the second end of the seventh extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0119] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., a first first extension segment 1213, a second first extension segment 1211, a third first extension segment 129, a fourth first extension segment 127, a fifth first extension segment 125, a sixth first extension segment 123, and a seventh first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., a first second extension segment 1212, a second second extension segment 1210, a third second extension segment 128, a fourth second extension segment 126, a fifth second extension segment 124, and a sixth second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is odd (e.g., seven), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is even (e.g., six).

[0120] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1213 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1211 via the first extension 1212, the second end of the second extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the third extension 129 via the second extension 1210, the second end of the third extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 127 via the third extension 128, the second end of the fourth extension 127 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension 125 via the fourth extension 126, the second end of the fifth extension 125 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension 123 via the fifth extension 124, the second end of the sixth extension 123 is connected to the first end of the seventh extension 121 via the sixth extension 122, and the second end of the seventh extension 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0121] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 1111, the third first extension segment 119, the fourth first extension segment 117, the fifth first extension segment 115, the sixth first extension segment 113, and the seventh first extension segment 111 can be approximately the same.

[0122] In some examples, the seventh first extension segment 111 and the sixth first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The sixth first extension segment 113 and the fifth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fifth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0123] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1113 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1112 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1111 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1110 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The sixth second extension segment 112 can be formed after the eleventh right-angle bend, and the seventh first extension segment 111 after the twelfth right-angle bend.

[0124] In this example, the first dipole antenna arm 110, the second dipole antenna arm 120, and the semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 can serve as radiators. The radiators are used for antenna resonance in the 433MHz band, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is achieved using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure, which is beneficial for expanding bandwidth and miniaturization. The semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 introduces multiple resonant modes. By folding the dipole arms, the vertical current is superimposed while the horizontal current is canceled out, and the bandwidth is increased by using a gradient. The microstrip line 3 and the semi-circular structure 4 with groove 5 are coupled to achieve good matching, and the bandwidth is further expanded by combining CPW feeding.

[0125] In this embodiment, each dipole antenna arm undergoes 12 right-angle bends to form a square-wave folded structure. By repeatedly folding the dipole element, the physical size of the antenna is effectively reduced. Compared to Figure 1A The antenna structure shown, with an odd number of extension segments extending along the first direction, can increase the antenna's radiation gain to some extent. This is because when the overall antenna structure has an even number of folds, the current path reverses after a quarter wavelength. Therefore, an even number of quarter-wavelength folds cause the current to reverse after bending, resulting in cancellation in the far field and thus a relatively low gain. When the number of extension segments extending along the first direction is odd, complete cancellation cannot occur, leading to a certain degree of gain improvement.

[0126] Figure 3 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 3 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0127] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 3As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure 140 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure 140.

[0128] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0129] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314. The feed structure 140 may be located at the second arcuate edge 1313. For example, the feed structure 140 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0130] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0131] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include an open-circuit stub 10, which is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry. The open-circuit stub 10 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314, and the open-circuit stub 10 is located on the side of the short-circuit stub 9 near the second arcuate edge 1313.

[0132] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the feed structure 140 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may include a first ground plane 6, a second ground plane 7, and a microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3 is connected to the feed structure 140, and the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 are located on opposite sides of the microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3, the first ground plane 6, and the second ground plane 7 together form a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feed structure. In some examples, the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 may have the same dimensions, for example, in terms of length (e.g.,...). Figure 1AThe length along the first direction D1 can be approximately 44.8 millimeters (mm), and the width (e.g., Figure 1A The length along the second direction D2 can be approximately 3 mm. The power supply structure 140 has a power supply port 142.

[0133] In some examples, such as Figure 1A As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1115, a second first extension segment 1113, a third first extension segment 1111, a fourth first extension segment 119, a fifth first extension segment 117, a sixth first extension segment 115, a seventh first extension segment 113, and an eighth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1114, a second second extension segment 1112, a third second extension segment 1110, a fourth second extension segment 118, a fifth second extension segment 116, a sixth second extension segment 114, and a seventh second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0134] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1115 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1113 via the first extension 1114, the second end of the second extension 1113 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1111 via the second extension 1112, the second end of the third extension 1111 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 119 via the third extension 1110, and the second end of the fourth extension 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 1115 via the fourth extension 1114. 18 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 117, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 115 through the fifth second extension segment 116, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 113 through the sixth second extension segment 114, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 111 through the seventh second extension segment 112, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0135] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1215, a second first extension segment 1213, a third first extension segment 1211, a fourth first extension segment 129, a fifth first extension segment 127, a sixth first extension segment 125, a seventh first extension segment 123, and an eighth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1214, a second second extension segment 1212, a third second extension segment 1210, a fourth second extension segment 128, a fifth second extension segment 126, a sixth second extension segment 124, and a seventh second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0136] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1215 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1213 via the first second extension 1214, the second end of the second extension 1213 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1211 via the second second extension 1212, the second end of the third extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 129 via the third second extension 1210, and the second end of the fourth extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth second extension 1215 via the fourth second extension 1214. 28 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 127, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 127 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 125 through the fifth second extension segment 126, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 125 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 123 through the sixth second extension segment 124, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 123 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 121 through the seventh second extension segment 122, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0137] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 1113, the third first extension segment 1111, the fourth first extension segment 119, the fifth first extension segment 117, the sixth first extension segment 115, the seventh first extension segment 113, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be approximately the same.

[0138] In some examples, the eighth first extension segment 111 and the seventh first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the seventh second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The seventh first extension segment 113 and the sixth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0139] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1115 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1114 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1113 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1112 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The seventh second extension segment 112 can be formed after the thirteenth right-angle bend, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the fourteenth right-angle bend.

[0140] In this example, the first dipole antenna arm 110, the second dipole antenna arm 120, and the semi-circular ring structure 8 can serve as radiators. The radiators are used for antenna resonance in the 433MHz band, as well as impedance matching and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is achieved using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure, which is beneficial for expanding bandwidth and miniaturization. The microstrip line 3 and the semi-circular ring structure 8 are coupled to achieve good matching, and the bandwidth is further expanded by combining CPW feeding.

[0141] Compared to Figure 1A In the described structure, open-circuit stubs and short-circuit stubs are added at the semicircular structure of the feed end (e.g., the second arc-shaped edge 1313). The matching of the feed end can be adjusted by the length and width of the added open-circuit stubs. The added short-circuit stubs increase the current flow path at the semicircle (e.g., the second arc-shaped edge 1313). The current can flow directly to the end of the folded structure through the semicircular ring and radiate outwards, or it can flow back to the end of the folded structure through the short-circuit stubs. The currents of the two different paths have a certain phase difference, which can be superimposed in the folded structure, potentially resulting in current enhancement. Therefore, the phase of the current can be adjusted by regulating the size of the short-circuit stubs and their distance from the semicircular end (here, the distance refers to the distance between the short-circuit stub 9 and the point where the second arc-shaped edge is adjacent to the feed point), thereby adjusting the gain of the entire structure.

[0142] Figure 4 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 4The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0143] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure 140 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure 140.

[0144] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0145] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular structure 4. The semi-circular structure 4 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular structure 4 may include a first arcuate edge 1312 and a linear edge 1311. The first arcuate edge 1312 may be located on the side of the linear edge 1311 away from the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna 120. A groove 5 is provided at the linear edge 1311. The orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 may be approximately rectangular, for example, it may be a rectangle. For example, the length of the orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 along the first direction D1 may be less than the length along the second direction D2. The opening of the groove 5 is located on the side of the linear edge 1311 facing away from the feed structure 140. The groove 5 may be approximately symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may be connected to the first arcuate edge 1312. The feed structure has a feed port 142.

[0146] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure may further include a feed structure 140. The feed structure 140 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may include a first ground plane 6, a second ground plane 7, and a microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3 is connected to the first arcuate edge 1312, and the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 are located on opposite sides of the microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3, the first ground plane 6, and the second ground plane 7 together form a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feed structure. In some examples, the dimensions of the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 may be the same, for example, in terms of length (e.g., ...). Figure 1A The length along the first direction D1 can be approximately 44.8 millimeters (mm), and the width (e.g., Figure 1A The length of the middle section along the second direction D2 can be approximately 3 mm.

[0147] In some examples, such as Figure 4As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1115, a second first extension segment 1113, a third first extension segment 1111, a fourth first extension segment 119, a fifth first extension segment 117, a sixth first extension segment 115, a seventh first extension segment 113, and an eighth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1114, a second second extension segment 1112, a third second extension segment 1110, a fourth second extension segment 118, a fifth second extension segment 116, a sixth second extension segment 114, and a seventh second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0148] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1115 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1113 via the first extension 1114, the second end of the second extension 1113 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1111 via the second extension 1112, the second end of the third extension 1111 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 119 via the third extension 1110, and the second end of the fourth extension 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 1115 via the fourth extension 1114. 18 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 117, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 115 through the fifth second extension segment 116, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 113 through the sixth second extension segment 114, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 111 through the seventh second extension segment 112, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0149] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1215, a second first extension segment 1213, a third first extension segment 1211, a fourth first extension segment 129, a fifth first extension segment 127, a sixth first extension segment 125, a seventh first extension segment 123, and an eighth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1214, a second second extension segment 1212, a third second extension segment 1210, a fourth second extension segment 128, a fifth second extension segment 126, a sixth second extension segment 124, and a seventh second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0150] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1215 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1213 via the first second extension 1214, the second end of the second extension 1213 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1211 via the second second extension 1212, the second end of the third extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 129 via the third second extension 1210, and the second end of the fourth extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth second extension 1215 via the fourth second extension 1214. 28 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 127, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 127 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 125 through the fifth second extension segment 126, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 125 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 123 through the sixth second extension segment 124, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 123 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 121 through the seventh second extension segment 122, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0151] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. Taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the lengths of the second first extension segment 1113 and the third first extension segment 1111 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 119 and the fifth first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the sixth first extension segment 115 and the seventh first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the second first extension segment 1113, the fourth first extension segment 119, the sixth first extension segment 115 and the eighth first extension segment 111 decrease sequentially along the second direction.

[0152] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the eighth first extension segment 111 and the seventh first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the seventh second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The seventh first extension segment 113 and the sixth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0153] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1115 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1114 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1113 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1112 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The seventh second extension segment 112 can be formed after the thirteenth right-angle bend, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the fourteenth right-angle bend.

[0154] In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually decreases from the feed end to the end of the folded element. Using a decreasing folding method results in a stronger current intensity near the feed end, which could lead to stronger electromagnetic coupling if other integrated components are added. Conversely, at the far feed end, the folded element is shorter and the current intensity is weaker, resulting in less electromagnetic coupling when other integrated components are added, and easier integration. Furthermore, the decreasing folding can be at equal or unequal intervals. For example, Figure 5 The decrease shown is an unequal interval decrease.

[0155] Figure 6 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 6 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0156] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure 140 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure 140.

[0157] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0158] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular structure 4. The semi-circular structure 4 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular structure 4 may include a first arcuate edge 1312 and a linear edge 1311. The first arcuate edge 1312 may be located on the side of the linear edge 1311 away from the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna 120. A groove 5 is provided at the linear edge 1311. The orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 may be approximately rectangular, for example, it may be a rectangle. For example, the length of the orthographic projection of the groove 5 onto the substrate 150 along the first direction D1 may be less than the length along the second direction D2. The opening of the groove 5 is located on the side of the linear edge 1311 facing away from the feed structure 140. The groove 5 may be approximately symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may be connected to the first arcuate edge 1312. The feed structure has a feed point 141.

[0159] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna structure may further include a feed structure 140. The feed structure 140 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The feed structure 140 may include a first ground plane 6, a second ground plane 7, and a microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3 is connected to the first arcuate edge 1312, and the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 are located on opposite sides of the microstrip line 3. The microstrip line 3, the first ground plane 6, and the second ground plane 7 together form a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feed structure. In some examples, the dimensions of the first ground plane 6 and the second ground plane 7 may be the same, for example, in terms of length (e.g., ...). Figure 1A The length along the first direction D1 can be approximately 44.8 millimeters (mm), and the width (e.g., Figure 1A The length of the middle section along the second direction D2 can be approximately 3 mm.

[0160] In some examples, such as Figure 6As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1115, a second first extension segment 1113, a third first extension segment 1111, a fourth first extension segment 119, a fifth first extension segment 117, a sixth first extension segment 115, a seventh first extension segment 113, and an eighth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1114, a second second extension segment 1112, a third second extension segment 1110, a fourth second extension segment 118, a fifth second extension segment 116, a sixth second extension segment 114, and a seventh second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0161] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1115 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1113 via the first extension 1114, the second end of the second extension 1113 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1111 via the second extension 1112, the second end of the third extension 1111 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 119 via the third extension 1110, and the second end of the fourth extension 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 1115 via the fourth extension 1114. 18 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 117, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 115 through the fifth second extension segment 116, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 113 through the sixth second extension segment 114, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 111 through the seventh second extension segment 112, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0162] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1215, a second first extension segment 1213, a third first extension segment 1211, a fourth first extension segment 129, a fifth first extension segment 127, a sixth first extension segment 125, a seventh first extension segment 123, and an eighth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1214, a second second extension segment 1212, a third second extension segment 1210, a fourth second extension segment 128, a fifth second extension segment 126, a sixth second extension segment 124, and a seventh second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0163] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1215 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1213 via the first second extension 1214, the second end of the second extension 1213 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1211 via the second second extension 1212, the second end of the third extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 129 via the third second extension 1210, and the second end of the fourth extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth second extension 1215 via the fourth second extension 1214. 28 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 127, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 127 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 125 through the fifth second extension segment 126, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 125 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 123 through the sixth second extension segment 124, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 123 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 121 through the seventh second extension segment 122, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0164] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. Taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the lengths of the second first extension segment 1113 and the third first extension segment 1111 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 119 and the fifth first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the sixth first extension segment 115 and the seventh first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the second first extension segment 1113, the fourth first extension segment 119, the sixth first extension segment 115 and the eighth first extension segment 111 increase sequentially along the second direction.

[0165] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the eighth first extension segment 111 and the seventh first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the seventh second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The seventh first extension segment 113 and the sixth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0166] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1115 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1114 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1113 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1112 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The seventh second extension segment 112 can be formed after the thirteenth right-angle bend, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the fourteenth right-angle bend.

[0167] In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually increases from the feed end to the end of the folded element. This incremental approach reduces the coupling between the two dipole arms. Structurally, the distance between the two arms can be increased, reducing unnecessary coupling. This is especially true near the feed end where the energy is stronger, leading to greater coupling if the arms are too close together. Conversely, further away from the feed end, the energy gradually decreases, resulting in less coupling even when the arms are relatively close. Furthermore, the incremental increase can be either evenly spaced or unequally spaced. For example... Figure 7 The increments shown are unequal intervals.

[0168] Figure 3 The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 shown can also be arranged according to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The increments or decrements are made in a sequential manner.

[0169] Figure 8 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 8 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0170] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 8As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure (only a portion is shown) disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure.

[0171] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0172] In some examples, such as Figure 8 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314.

[0173] In some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown, the power supply structure may include a coaxial cable (not shown) and a power supply port 142. The power supply port 142 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The power supply port 142 may be located between the second arcuate edge 1313 and the third arcuate edge 1314. For example, the power supply port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0174] In some examples, such as Figure 8 As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0175] In some examples, such as Figure 8As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1115, a second first extension segment 1113, a third first extension segment 1111, a fourth first extension segment 119, a fifth first extension segment 117, a sixth first extension segment 115, a seventh first extension segment 113, and an eighth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1114, a second second extension segment 1112, a third second extension segment 1110, a fourth second extension segment 118, a fifth second extension segment 116, a sixth second extension segment 114, and a seventh second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0176] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1115 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1113 via the first extension 1114, the second end of the second extension 1113 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1111 via the second extension 1112, the second end of the third extension 1111 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 119 via the third extension 1110, and the second end of the fourth extension 119 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 1115 via the fourth extension 1114. 18 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 117, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 115 through the fifth second extension segment 116, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 113 through the sixth second extension segment 114, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 111 through the seventh second extension segment 112, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0177] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1215, a second first extension segment 1213, a third first extension segment 1211, a fourth first extension segment 129, a fifth first extension segment 127, a sixth first extension segment 125, a seventh first extension segment 123, and an eighth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1214, a second second extension segment 1212, a third second extension segment 1210, a fourth second extension segment 128, a fifth second extension segment 126, a sixth second extension segment 124, and a seventh second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., eight), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., seven).

[0178] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1215 is connected to the resonant section 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 1213 via the first second extension 1214, the second end of the second extension 1213 is connected to the first end of the third extension 1211 via the second second extension 1212, the second end of the third extension 1211 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 129 via the third second extension 1210, and the second end of the fourth extension 129 is connected to the first end of the fourth second extension 1215 via the fourth second extension 1214. 28 is connected to the first end of the fifth first extension segment 127, the second end of the fifth first extension segment 127 is connected to the first end of the sixth first extension segment 125 through the fifth second extension segment 126, the second end of the sixth first extension segment 125 is connected to the first end of the seventh first extension segment 123 through the sixth second extension segment 124, the second end of the seventh first extension segment 123 is connected to the first end of the eighth first extension segment 121 through the seventh second extension segment 122, and the second end of the eighth first extension segment 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0179] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 1113, the third first extension segment 1111, the fourth first extension segment 119, the fifth first extension segment 117, the sixth first extension segment 115, the seventh first extension segment 113, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be approximately the same.

[0180] In some examples, the eighth first extension segment 111 and the seventh first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the seventh second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The seventh first extension segment 113 and the sixth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the sixth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0181] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1115 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1114 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 1113 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 1112 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The seventh second extension segment 112 can be formed after the thirteenth right-angle bend, and the eighth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the fourteenth right-angle bend.

[0182] In this embodiment, the feed port 142 is a rectangular feed port, serving as the feed point, and the antenna is fed using a coaxial feeding method. The feed port 142 is connected to the semi-circular ring structure 8. This embodiment has two dipole antenna arms responsible for antenna resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is compressed using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure. The short-circuit stub serves as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the dipole arm and the dipole spacing (for example, adjusting according to the simulation structure; if the simulation results show a strong inductance, increasing the folding length or decreasing the spacing between the dipoles to increase the capacitance value for synthesis), the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated along the gap between the two dipoles, improving the gain.

[0183] Figure 9A This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 9A The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0184] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 9A As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure (only a portion is shown) disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure.

[0185] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0186] In some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314.

[0187] In some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown, the power supply structure may include a coaxial cable (not shown) and a power supply port 142. The power supply port 142 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The power supply port 142 may be located between the second arcuate edge 1313 and the third arcuate edge 1314. For example, the power supply port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0188] In some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0189] In some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1111, a second first extension segment 119, a third first extension segment 117, a fourth first extension segment 115, a fifth first extension segment 113, and a sixth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1110, a second second extension segment 118, a third second extension segment 116, a fourth second extension segment 114, and a fifth second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0190] In some examples, the first end of the first extension segment 1111 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension segment 119 via the first extension segment 1110, the second end of the second extension segment 119 is connected to the first end of the third extension segment 117 via the second extension segment 118, the second end of the third extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension segment 115 via the third extension segment 116, the second end of the fourth extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension segment 113 via the fourth extension segment 114, the second end of the fifth extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension segment 111 via the fifth extension segment 112, and the second end of the sixth extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0191] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., a first first extension segment 1211, a second first extension segment 129, a third first extension segment 127, a fourth first extension segment 125, a fifth first extension segment 123, and a sixth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., a first second extension segment 1210, a second second extension segment 128, a third second extension segment 126, a fourth second extension segment 124, and a fifth second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0192] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1211 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 129 via the first extension 1210, the second end of the second extension 129 is connected to the first end of the third extension 127 via the second extension 128, the second end of the third extension 127 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 125 via the third extension 126, the second end of the fourth extension 125 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension 123 via the fourth extension 124, the second end of the fifth extension 123 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension 121 via the fifth extension 122, and the second end of the sixth extension 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0193] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the third first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 115 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the fourth first extension segment 115 decrease sequentially along the second direction.

[0194] In some examples, the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fifth second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The fifth first extension segment 113 and the fourth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fourth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0195] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1111 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1110 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 119 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 118 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The fifth second extension segment 112 can be formed after the ninth right-angle bend, and the sixth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the tenth right-angle bend.

[0196] In this embodiment, the feed port 142 is a rectangular feed port, serving as the feed point, and the antenna is fed using a coaxial feeding method. The feed port 142 is connected to the semi-circular ring structure 8. This embodiment has two dipole antenna arms responsible for antenna resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is compressed using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure. The short-circuit stub serves as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the dipole arm and the dipole spacing (for example, based on simulation results, the dipole length can be reduced and the spacing between dipoles can be increased to reduce the occurrence of reverse current), the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated along the gap between the two dipoles, improving the gain.

[0197] In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually increases from the feed point to the end of the folded element. This incremental approach reduces the coupling between the two dipole arms. Structurally, the distance between the two arms can be increased, minimizing unnecessary coupling. This is especially true near the feed end where the energy is stronger; if the arms are too close together, the coupling is greater. Conversely, at the far feed end, even if the two arms are relatively close, the coupling is slightly less, and the energy gradually weakens. Furthermore, the incremental increase can be either equidistant or unequal.

[0198] In this embodiment, each dipole antenna arm undergoes 14 right-angle bends to form a square-wave folded structure. By repeatedly folding the dipole radiator, the physical characteristics of the antenna are effectively reduced. The overall size of the folded antenna is 90mm × 50mm × 0.8mm. At the center operating frequency, the actual size does not exceed that of a spherical antenna with r = λ / 2π, meeting the size standard for electrically small antennas. The combined effect of the various components of the high-gain miniaturized dipole folded antenna results in an effective operating frequency band of 448.13MHz-454.86MHz and a bandwidth of 6.7MHz in this embodiment. Figure 9B and Figure 9C As shown, it achieves a maximum gain of 1.9dB and a return loss of -28.52dB at the center frequency, with all performance indicators being excellent.

[0199] Figure 10 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 10 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0200] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 10 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure (only a portion is shown) disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure.

[0201] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0202] In some examples, such as Figure 10As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314.

[0203] In some examples, such as Figure 10 As shown, the power supply structure may include a coaxial cable (not shown) and a power supply port 142. The power supply port 142 may be located between the second arcuate edge 1313 and the third arcuate edge 1314. The power supply port 142 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. For example, the power supply port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0204] In some examples, such as Figure 10 As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0205] In some examples, such as Figure 10 As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1111, a second first extension segment 119, a third first extension segment 117, a fourth first extension segment 115, a fifth first extension segment 113, and a sixth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1110, a second second extension segment 118, a third second extension segment 116, a fourth second extension segment 114, and a fifth second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0206] In some examples, the first end of the first extension segment 1111 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension segment 119 via the first extension segment 1110, the second end of the second extension segment 119 is connected to the first end of the third extension segment 117 via the second extension segment 118, the second end of the third extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension segment 115 via the third extension segment 116, the second end of the fourth extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension segment 113 via the fourth extension segment 114, the second end of the fifth extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension segment 111 via the fifth extension segment 112, and the second end of the sixth extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0207] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., a first first extension segment 1211, a second first extension segment 129, a third first extension segment 127, a fourth first extension segment 125, a fifth first extension segment 123, and a sixth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., a first second extension segment 1210, a second second extension segment 128, a third second extension segment 126, a fourth second extension segment 124, and a fifth second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0208] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1211 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 129 via the first extension 1210, the second end of the second extension 129 is connected to the first end of the third extension 127 via the second extension 128, the second end of the third extension 127 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 125 via the third extension 126, the second end of the fourth extension 125 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension 123 via the fourth extension 124, the second end of the fifth extension 123 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension 121 via the fifth extension 122, and the second end of the sixth extension 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0209] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the third first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 115 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the second first extension segment 119, the fourth first extension segment 115, and the sixth first extension segment 111 increase sequentially along the second direction.

[0210] In some examples, the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fifth second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The fifth first extension segment 113 and the fourth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fourth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0211] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1111 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1110 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 119 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 118 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The fifth second extension segment 112 can be formed after the ninth right-angle bend, and the sixth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the tenth right-angle bend.

[0212] In this embodiment, the feed port 142 is a rectangular feed port, serving as the feed point, and the antenna is fed using a coaxial feeding method. The feed port 142 is connected to the semi-circular ring structure 8. This embodiment has two dipole antenna arms responsible for antenna resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is compressed using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure. Short-circuit stubs serve as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the dipole arms and the dipole spacing, the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated along the gap between the two dipoles, improving the gain.

[0213] In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually increases from the feed point to the end of the folded element. This incremental approach reduces the coupling between the two dipole arms. Structurally, the distance between the two arms can be increased, minimizing unnecessary coupling. This is especially true near the feed end where the energy is stronger; if the arms are too close together, the coupling is greater. Conversely, at the far feed end, even if the two arms are relatively close, the coupling is slightly less, and the energy gradually weakens. Furthermore, the incremental increase can be either equidistant or unequal.

[0214] Figure 11 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 11 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0215] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 11 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, and a feeding structure disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure.

[0216] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0217] In some examples, such as Figure 11 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314.

[0218] In some examples, such as Figure 11 As shown, the power supply structure may include a coaxial cable (not shown) and a power supply port 142. The power supply port 142 may be located between the second arcuate edge 1313 and the third arcuate edge 1314. The power supply port 142 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. For example, the power supply port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0219] In some examples, such as Figure 11As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0220] In some examples, such as Figure 11 As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1111, a second first extension segment 119, a third first extension segment 117, a fourth first extension segment 115, a fifth first extension segment 113, and a sixth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1110, a second second extension segment 118, a third second extension segment 116, a fourth second extension segment 114, and a fifth second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0221] In some examples, the first end of the first extension segment 1111 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension segment 119 via the first extension segment 1110, the second end of the second extension segment 119 is connected to the first end of the third extension segment 117 via the second extension segment 118, the second end of the third extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension segment 115 via the third extension segment 116, the second end of the fourth extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension segment 113 via the fourth extension segment 114, the second end of the fifth extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension segment 111 via the fifth extension segment 112, and the second end of the sixth extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0222] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., a first first extension segment 1211, a second first extension segment 129, a third first extension segment 127, a fourth first extension segment 125, a fifth first extension segment 123, and a sixth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., a first second extension segment 1210, a second second extension segment 128, a third second extension segment 126, a fourth second extension segment 124, and a fifth second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0223] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1211 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 129 via the first extension 1210, the second end of the second extension 129 is connected to the first end of the third extension 127 via the second extension 128, the second end of the third extension 127 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 125 via the third extension 126, the second end of the fourth extension 125 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension 123 via the fourth extension 124, the second end of the fifth extension 123 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension 121 via the fifth extension 122, and the second end of the sixth extension 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0224] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the third first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 115 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the second first extension segment 119, the fourth first extension segment 115, and the sixth first extension segment 111 decrease sequentially along the second direction.

[0225] In some examples, the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fifth second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The fifth first extension segment 113 and the fourth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fourth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0226] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1111 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1110 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 119 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 118 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The fifth second extension segment 112 can be formed after the ninth right-angle bend, and the sixth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the tenth right-angle bend.

[0227] In this embodiment, the feed port 142 is a rectangular feed port, serving as the feed point, and the antenna is fed using a coaxial feeding method. The feed port 142 is connected to the semi-circular ring structure 8. This embodiment has two dipole antenna arms responsible for antenna resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is compressed using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure. Short-circuit stubs serve as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the dipole arms and the dipole spacing, the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated along the gap between the two dipoles, improving the gain.

[0228] In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually decreases from the feed point to the end of the folded element. Using a decreasing folding method results in a stronger current intensity near the feed end, which could lead to stronger electromagnetic coupling if other integrated components are added. Conversely, at the far feed end, the folded element is shorter and the current intensity is weaker, resulting in less electromagnetic coupling when other integrated components are added, making integration easier. Furthermore, the decreasing folding can be either evenly spaced or unequally spaced.

[0229] Figure 12 This is a planar schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure exhibits a symmetrical structure about an axis of symmetry, which may be the central axis AA' of the substrate. Figure 12 The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are located in the same plane, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0230] In some exemplary implementations, such as Figure 12 As shown, the antenna structure of this exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate 150 and a first dipole antenna arm 110, a second dipole antenna arm 120, a resonant section 130, a feeding structure, and a reflective ground 160 disposed on the substrate 150. The first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 are respectively connected to the resonant section 130. The resonant section 130 is connected to the feeding structure.

[0231] In some examples, the substrate material of substrate 150 may include, but is not limited to, Rogers substrate, F4BM, FR4 and liquid crystal materials.

[0232] In some examples, such as Figure 12 As shown, the resonant section 130 may include a semi-circular ring structure 8. The semi-circular ring structure 8 may be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The semi-circular ring structure 8 includes a second arcuate edge 1313 and a third arcuate edge 1314, wherein the length of the second arcuate edge 1313 is greater than that of the third arcuate edge 1314.

[0233] In some examples, such as Figure 12 As shown, the power supply structure can be symmetrical about the axis of symmetry. The power supply structure may include a coaxial cable (not shown) and a power supply port 142. The power supply port 142 may be located between the second arcuate edge 1313 and the third arcuate edge 1314. For example, the power supply port 142 may be located on the axis of symmetry.

[0234] In some examples, such as Figure 12 As shown, the resonant section 130 may further include a short-circuit stub 9, which is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The short-circuit stub 9 bridging the semi-circular ring structure 8. The short-circuit stub 9 is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314. The short-circuit stub 9 includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment; each fourth extension segment is connected to the third arcuate edge 1314; the first direction intersects the second direction. For example, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0235] In some examples, such as Figure 12 As shown, the antenna structure further includes a reflective ground 160; the reflective ground 160 is located on the side of the feed port 142 away from the resonant part 130.

[0236] In some examples, such as Figure 12As shown, the first dipole antenna arm 110 and the second dipole antenna arm 120 can be symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The first dipole antenna arm 110 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., including a first first extension segment 1111, a second first extension segment 119, a third first extension segment 117, a fourth first extension segment 115, a fifth first extension segment 113, and a sixth first extension segment 111) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., including a first second extension segment 1110, a second second extension segment 118, a third second extension segment 116, a fourth second extension segment 114, and a fifth second extension segment 112). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the first dipole antenna arm 110 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0237] In some examples, the first end of the first extension segment 1111 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension segment 119 via the first extension segment 1110, the second end of the second extension segment 119 is connected to the first end of the third extension segment 117 via the second extension segment 118, the second end of the third extension segment 117 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension segment 115 via the third extension segment 116, the second end of the fourth extension segment 115 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension segment 113 via the fourth extension segment 114, the second end of the fifth extension segment 113 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension segment 111 via the fifth extension segment 112, and the second end of the sixth extension segment 111 serves as the end of the first dipole antenna arm 110.

[0238] In some examples, the second dipole antenna arm 120 may include a plurality of first extension segments extending along a first direction D1 (e.g., a first first extension segment 1211, a second first extension segment 129, a third first extension segment 127, a fourth first extension segment 125, a fifth first extension segment 123, and a sixth first extension segment 121) and a plurality of second extension segments extending along a second direction D2 (e.g., a first second extension segment 1210, a second second extension segment 128, a third second extension segment 126, a fourth second extension segment 124, and a fifth second extension segment 122). In this example, the number of first extension segments extending along the first direction of the second dipole antenna arm 120 is even (e.g., six), and the number of second extension segments extending along the second direction is odd (e.g., five).

[0239] In some examples, the first end of the first extension 1211 is connected to the resonant part 130, the second end is connected to the first end of the second extension 129 via the first extension 1210, the second end of the second extension 129 is connected to the first end of the third extension 127 via the second extension 128, the second end of the third extension 127 is connected to the first end of the fourth extension 125 via the third extension 126, the second end of the fourth extension 125 is connected to the first end of the fifth extension 123 via the fourth extension 124, the second end of the fifth extension 123 is connected to the first end of the sixth extension 121 via the fifth extension 122, and the second end of the sixth extension 121 serves as the end of the second dipole antenna arm 120.

[0240] In some examples, the width of each first extension segment and each second extension segment can be approximately the same, for example, both can be 2 mm. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the third first extension segment 117 can be approximately the same, the lengths of the fourth first extension segment 115 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same, and the lengths of the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 can be approximately the same. The lengths of the second first extension segment 119 and the fourth first extension segment 115 decrease sequentially along the second direction.

[0241] In some examples, the sixth first extension segment 111 and the fifth first extension segment 113 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fifth second extension segment 112 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). The fifth first extension segment 113 and the fourth first extension segment 115 may be approximately symmetrical about the centerline of the fourth second extension segment 114 in the second direction D2 (e.g., this centerline is parallel to the first direction D1). And so on.

[0242] In some examples, taking the first dipole antenna arm 110 as an example, the folding process can be as follows: A straight dipole antenna arm can form the first first extension segment 1111 after the first right-angle bend, the first second extension segment 1110 after the second right-angle bend, the second first extension segment 119 after the third right-angle bend, the second second extension segment 118 after the fourth right-angle bend, and so on. The fifth second extension segment 112 can be formed after the ninth right-angle bend, and the sixth first extension segment 111 can be formed after the tenth right-angle bend.

[0243] In some exemplary embodiments, the decreasing length of the extension segment can be at equal intervals or at unequal intervals. In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the extension segment can increase along the second direction, and the increasing length of the extension segment can be at equal intervals or at unequal intervals.

[0244] In this embodiment, a symmetrical oscillator folded continuously along the square waveform of the substrate, along with interconnected semi-circular radiators, feed ports, and short-circuit stubs, can be used as a radiator. The radiator exhibits symmetrical structural characteristics based on the axis of symmetry.

[0245] In this embodiment, feed port 142 serves as the feed point. The feed port is rectangular, and the antenna is fed using a coaxial feeding method. Feed structure 140 is connected to semi-circular ring structure 8. This embodiment has two dipole antenna arms responsible for antenna resonance, impedance matching, and performance optimization. The electrical length required for antenna resonance is compressed using a folded square waveform symmetrical dipole structure. Short-circuit stubs serve as the main matching structure, forming a closed loop current and accumulating energy. By adjusting the folding length of the dipole arms and the dipole spacing, the vertical current is canceled out, and the accumulated energy is radiated along the gap between the two dipoles, improving the gain. In this embodiment, a GND reflective ground is loaded approximately one-quarter wavelength away from the feed end of the folded dipole antenna. Due to the one-quarter wavelength distance between the reflective ground and the folded dipole antenna, the radiated energy generated by the reflective ground and the folded dipole antenna in the far field is superimposed and enhanced, which can increase the antenna gain. For a dipole antenna, its radiation pattern is omnidirectional. However, with the addition of a ground plane (GND), the GND acts as a reflector, reflecting all the energy that would otherwise be radiated towards the GND back to the front of the antenna, resulting in end-fire radiation. Therefore, adding a GND not only changes the antenna's radiation pattern but also increases the gain by approximately 3dB. In this embodiment, the folding length of the two arms of the dipole antenna gradually decreases from the feed point to the end of the folded element. Using a decreasing folding method results in a relatively strong current intensity near the feed end, which could lead to strong electromagnetic coupling if other integrated components are added. Conversely, at the far feed end, the folded element is shorter and the current intensity is weaker, resulting in less electromagnetic coupling when other integrated components are added, making integration easier.

[0246] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, such as Figure 13 As shown, the electronic device 131 includes an antenna structure 132. The antenna structure 132 is the antenna structure described above.

[0247] The accompanying drawings in this disclosure only illustrate the structures relevant to this disclosure; other structures can be referenced to common designs. Unless otherwise specified, embodiments of this disclosure and features thereof can be combined to obtain new embodiments.

[0248] Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions disclosed herein, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, At least including: A substrate, and a first dipole antenna arm, a second dipole antenna arm, a feeding structure and a resonant part disposed on the substrate; The first dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant part; the second dipole antenna arm is connected to the feeding structure through the resonant part; the resonant part is connected to the feeding structure; The antenna structure has an axis of symmetry; the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm are symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the resonant part is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; the connection point between the resonant part and the feed structure is located on the axis of symmetry; The structure of the first dipole antenna arm and the structure of the second dipole antenna arm are respectively square wave folded structures formed by multiple right-angle bends; The resonant part includes at least a semi-circular structure; the semi-circular structure includes a first arc-shaped edge and a linear edge; The center of the semi-circular structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is connected to the first arc-shaped edge; the semi-circular structure has a groove at the linear edge. The groove is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; or, The resonant section includes at least a semi-circular ring structure; the semi-circular ring structure includes a second arc-shaped edge and a third arc-shaped edge; the second arc-shaped edge is located on the side of the third arc-shaped edge away from the first dipole antenna arm and the second dipole antenna arm; The center of the semi-circular ring structure is located on the axis of symmetry, and the power supply structure is located between the second arc-shaped edge and the third arc-shaped edge.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the first and second dipole antenna arms includes N first extension segments extending along a first direction and N-1 second extension segments extending along a second direction; the N first extension segments are arranged sequentially along the second direction, the first end of the first first extension segment is connected to the resonant part, the second end of the i-th first extension segment is connected to the first end of the (i+1)-th first extension segment through a second extension segment, i is an integer greater than 0 and less than N, and N is an integer greater than 1; the first direction intersects the second direction.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the first extension segment is greater than the length of the second extension segment.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lengths of the second to the Nth first extension segments in each dipole antenna arm are the same, and the length of the first first extension segment is less than the length of the second first extension segment.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the 2jth first extension segment in each dipole antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is greater than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the 2jth first extension segment in each dipole antenna arm is the same as the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment, and the length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment is less than the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment; j is an integer greater than 0.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment in each dipole antenna arm is equal to the difference in length between the 2j+1th first extension segment and the first extension segment.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The length of the 2×(j+1)th first extension segment in each dipole antenna arm is not equal to the length of the 2j+1th first extension segment.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The N-1 second extensions of each dipole antenna arm are of the same length.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant section further includes a short-circuit stub; the short-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; The short-circuit stub includes a third extension segment extending along a first direction and two fourth extension segments extending along a second direction; the two fourth extension segments are connected through the third extension segment. Each fourth extension segment connects to the third arcuate edge; the first direction intersects the second direction.

11. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that, The resonant section further includes an open-circuit stub; the open-circuit stub is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry; The open-circuit branch is connected to the third arc-shaped edge, and the open-circuit branch is located on the side of the short-circuit branch near the second arc-shaped edge.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The open branch is located on the axis of symmetry.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The power supply structure includes: a first ground plane, a second ground plane, and a microstrip line; the microstrip line is connected to the first arc-shaped edge, and the first ground plane and the second ground plane are located on both sides of the microstrip line.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, The microstrip line is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry and is located on the axis of symmetry.

15. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The power supply structure includes a coaxial cable and a power supply port, wherein the coaxial cable is connected to the power supply port.

16. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a reflective ground; the reflective ground is located on the side of the feed structure away from the resonant part.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the power supply port on the substrate is rectangular.

18. An electronic device comprising an antenna structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17.

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