Ku-band high-power frequency-locked phase-locked cherenkov oscillator

Abstract

The application discloses a Ku-band high-power frequency-locked phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator, which comprises an electron beam emitting module, a signal injection module, a pre-modulation module and an oscillator main body module which are sequentially connected; the signal injection module, the pre-modulation module and the oscillator main body module are coaxial structures; the oscillator main body module comprises a first reflecting cavity, an inner-outer conductor double-corrugated slow wave structure and a microwave extraction cavity which are sequentially connected; the first reflecting cavity is used for isolating microwaves between the oscillator main body module and the pre-modulation module; the inner-outer conductor double-corrugated slow wave structure comprises a first inner corrugation on the outer surface of an inner conductor and a second inner corrugation on the inner surface of an outer conductor; the microwave extraction cavity is arranged at the end of the inner-outer conductor double-corrugated slow wave structure and is used for further extracting energy in the high-current relativistic electron beam. The application can realize the locking of the output microwave frequency and phase under the condition of a low guiding magnetic field, widen the frequency-locked phase-locked bandwidth and realize high-efficiency microwave output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a microwave source device in the technical field of high-power microwave equipment, and in particular to a Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwave sources are the core components of high-power microwave (HPM) systems. Currently, many HPM sources have achieved GW-level microwave output. However, as HPM technology advances toward higher frequencies, the size of HPM sources decreases due to the coherence effect, making it difficult to further increase the output power of a single HPM source. This has led to the emergence of power combining technology. Power combining involves coherently combining the microwave outputs of multiple HPM sources to increase their overall output power. The integration of high-power microwave technology and power combining has made it possible for HPM power combining systems to achieve output powers exceeding 100 GW. HPM power combining requires three fundamental requirements: precise control of the polarization, frequency, and phase of the microwave outputs from individual HPM sources. HPM sources typically purify their output microwaves into a single-mode output. While the polarization of single-mode output microwaves is easy to control, controlling the frequency and phase of the output microwaves is more difficult. Therefore, frequency and phase locking are key research areas in power combining technology.

[0003] Relativistic klystron amplifiers (RKAs) possess inherent advantages in frequency and phase locking, making them well-suited for power combining. However, because electron beam modulation and grouping occur in separate regions within RKAs, their characteristic operation, characterized by beam spot modulation and long drift, requires a long drift distance for deep grouping. Consequently, conventional RKAs are often lengthy. This length necessitates a longer homogeneous region for the guiding magnetic field. Due to the physical properties of magnetic materials, this increased homogeneous region significantly increases the required magnet volume, hindering large-scale array synthesis. Compared to RKAs, high-power Cherenkov devices, in which electron beam grouping and beam-wave interaction occur simultaneously, offer advantages in shorter device lengths, facilitating device compactness and array integration. Furthermore, at high frequencies, triaxial klystron amplifiers (TKAs) require larger radial dimensions to achieve high power handling, which falls short of the requirements for device compactness. Compared to TKAs, Cherenkov oscillators have higher power capabilities at the same radial dimensions. However, the output microwave phase of a typical Cherenkov oscillator is uncontrollable. Frequency and phase locking must be achieved first for power synthesis. Therefore, research on frequency and phase locking techniques for high-power Cherenkov oscillators is particularly important.

[0004] Existing techniques typically employ an external injection signal to achieve phase traction of the output power of C-band and X-band GW-class high-power Cherenkov oscillators. However, this method only achieves phase traction and cannot lock the output power frequency. Furthermore, the required steering magnetic field is relatively high (greater than 3T), requiring a bulky superconducting coil magnetic field system to provide the required magnetic field. This makes the device difficult to compact and modularize, limiting the application scenarios of power combining technology. For example, Chinese patent application CN116864358A discloses a Ka-band phase-locked, speed-modulated coaxial Cherenkov device that achieves output frequency locking, but with a narrow locking bandwidth of only 30MHz and a high steering magnetic field (1T). In addition, Chinese patent application CN116959936A discloses a combined periodic slow-wave structure for use in high-power microwave devices. In an existing low-magnetic field Cherenkov device, a coaxial combined periodic slow-wave structure is used to reduce the magnetic field and suppress mode competition. However, this solution simply analyzes the characteristics of the slow-wave structure and does not consider applying the structure to the overall design of the oscillator, making it impossible to obtain high-efficiency microwave output.

[0005] In summary, the current research on Ku-band high-power, low-magnetic-field frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillators is still insufficient, and the coaxial combined slow-wave structure has not been effectively applied to the Ku-band Cherenkov oscillator. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a Ku-band frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator to achieve a frequency-locked and phase-locked device with both high efficiency and low magnetic field, and give full play to the advantages of the coaxial combined slow-wave structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: In response to the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator with a low guiding magnetic field, high microwave output efficiency and a simple structure is provided. The oscillator can lock the output microwave frequency and phase under low guiding magnetic field conditions, broaden the frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidth, and achieve high-efficiency microwave output at the same time.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator, comprising:

[0009] Electron beam emission module, used to generate high-current relativistic electron beam;

[0010] A signal injection module, used for injecting microwave signals and performing preliminary pre-modulation on the generated high-current relativistic electron beam;

[0011] A pre-modulation module, configured to pre-modulate and group the generated high-current relativistic electron beam so as to achieve a specified fundamental current modulation depth;

[0012] An oscillator main module is used to modulate and group the generated high-current relativistic electron beam and to extract and output energy;

[0013] The electron beam emission module, the signal injection module, the pre-modulation module and the oscillator main body module are connected in sequence; the signal injection module, the pre-modulation module and the oscillator main body module are all coaxial structures and include an inner conductor and an outer conductor;

[0014] The oscillator main body module includes a first reflection cavity, an inner and outer conductor double-corrugation slow-wave structure and a microwave extraction cavity connected in sequence; the first reflection cavity is used to isolate microwaves between the oscillator main body module and the premodulation module; the inner and outer conductor double-corrugation slow-wave structure is used for energy exchange between high-current relativistic electron beams and microwaves, including a first inner corrugation located on the outer surface of the inner conductor and a second inner corrugation located on the inner surface of the outer conductor, the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation are both periodic structures, and each period contains at least two corrugations with different corrugation depths; the microwave extraction cavity is arranged at the end of the inner and outer conductor double-corrugation slow-wave structure, for further extracting energy from the high-current relativistic electron beam.

[0015] Furthermore, the average depth of the first inner corrugation is smaller than the average depth of the second inner corrugation; the depth of the odd-numbered corrugations of the first inner corrugation is greater than the depth of the even-numbered corrugations, and the depth of the even-numbered corrugations of the second inner corrugation is greater than the depth of the odd-numbered corrugations.

[0016] Furthermore, the average depth of the first inner corrugation is smaller than the average depth of the second inner corrugation, so as to increase the axial electric field at the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation.

[0017] Furthermore, the odd-numbered corrugation depth of the first inner corrugation is greater than the even-numbered corrugation depth, and the even-numbered corrugation depth of the second inner corrugation is greater than the odd-numbered corrugation depth, so as to further increase the axial electric field at the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation.

[0018] Furthermore, the microwave extraction cavity includes a cavity structure consisting of a top wall connected to the end of the first inner corrugation and a bottom wall at the end of the second inner corrugation and the front end of the microwave output channel. The cavity structure generates a local axial electric field to decelerate the electron beam to generate concentrated transition radiation.

[0019] Furthermore, the oscillator main body module also includes an electron beam collection stage and a microwave output channel which are sequentially arranged after the microwave extraction cavity; the electron beam collection stage is used to recover electrons that complete the beam-wave interaction, and the microwave output channel is used to output microwaves.

[0020] Furthermore, the microwave output channel is located inside the electron beam collecting stage, and includes a channel formed by the inner surface of the outer conductor and the outer surface of the inner conductor, and is used to output microwaves.

[0021] Furthermore, the electron beam emission module includes an anode outer tube, a cathode and a cathode seat; the cathode is located at the end of the cathode seat and is used to emit a high-current relativistic electron beam, and the anode outer tube is sleeved outside the cathode seat and is coaxial with the cathode seat.

[0022] Furthermore, the signal injection module includes an injection channel and an injection cavity; the outer side of the injection channel is connected to the injection module, and the inner side is connected to the injection cavity.

[0023] Furthermore, the injection cavity includes a first annular groove on the outer surface of the inner conductor and a second annular groove on the inner surface of the outer conductor. An electric field is generated in the middle area between the first annular groove and the second annular groove for preliminary modulation of the high-current relativistic electron beam.

[0024] Furthermore, the premodulation module includes a second reflection cavity, a first premodulation cavity and a second premodulation cavity; the second reflection cavity is used to isolate the injection cavity of the signal injection module from the microwaves of the first premodulation cavity and the second premodulation cavity; and the first premodulation cavity and the second premodulation cavity are arranged in sequence behind the second reflection cavity.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of the present invention generates high-power microwaves by combining an electron beam emission module, a signal injection module, a premodulation module, and an oscillator main body module. By providing an inner and outer conductor dual-corrugated slow-wave structure in the oscillator main body module, the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation of the periodic structure can reduce the Q value of the slow-wave structure and improve the electric field distribution in the slow-wave structure region, thereby fully leveraging the advantages of the coaxial combined slow-wave structure, achieving locking of the frequency and phase of the Cherenkov oscillator output microwaves under low guiding magnetic field conditions, broadening the frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidth, and facilitating the compactness and modularization of the overall structure of the oscillator device. At the same time, in the oscillator main body module, a microwave extraction cavity at the end of the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugated slow-wave structure is used to exchange energy between the electron beam and the microwave, thereby achieving higher-efficiency microwave output compared to existing Cherenkov oscillators, thereby combining the advantages of high-efficiency microwave output and low guiding magnetic field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the structure of the oscillator main module in the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the signal injection module and the premodulation module in the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0030] Figure 4 1 is a graph showing the external Q value of the double-corrugated slow-wave structure of the inner and outer conductors in the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0031] Figure 5 1 is a graph showing the output microwave power of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 6 1 is a graph showing the time-frequency and time-phase curves of the output microwaves of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment.

[0033] Figure 7 1 is a graph showing the self-excited microwave output power curve and self-excited frequency of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment when there is no injection signal.

[0034] Figure 8 The frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidths of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment are shown in FIG.

[0035] Legend:

[0036] 100. Electron beam emission module; 101. Anode outer tube; 102. Cathode; 103. Cathode seat; 200. Signal injection module; 201. Injection channel; 202. Injection cavity; 300. Premodulation module; 301. Second reflection cavity; 302. First premodulation cavity; 303. Second premodulation cavity; 400. Oscillator main body module; 401. First reflection cavity; 402. Double corrugated slow-wave structure of inner and outer conductors; 403. Microwave extraction cavity; 404. Electron beam collection stage; 405. Microwave output channel; 500. Inner conductor; 600. Outer conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment includes:

[0039] The electron beam emission module 100 is used to generate a high-current relativistic electron beam;

[0040] A signal injection module 200 is used to inject microwave signals and generate a high-current relativistic electron beam for preliminary pre-modulation;

[0041] The pre-modulation module 300 is used to pre-modulate and group the generated high-current relativistic electron beam so that the high-current electron beam reaches a specified fundamental current modulation depth when entering the oscillator main module, thereby controlling the frequency and phase of the oscillator starting signal (usually the fundamental current modulation depth entering the oscillator main structure is about 30%).

[0042] The oscillator main module 400 is used to modulate and cluster the generated high-current relativistic electron beam and to extract and output energy;

[0043] The electron beam emission module 100, the signal injection module 200, the pre-modulation module 300 and the oscillator main module 400 are connected in sequence; the signal injection module 200, the pre-modulation module 300 and the oscillator main module 400 are all coaxial structures and include an inner conductor 500 and an outer conductor 600;

[0044] The oscillator main module 400 includes a first reflection cavity 401, an inner and outer conductor dual-corrugation slow-wave structure 402, and a microwave extraction cavity 403 connected in sequence; the first reflection cavity 401 is used to isolate the microwaves between the oscillator main module 400 and the premodulation module 300; the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugation slow-wave structure 402 is used for energy exchange between the high-current relativistic electron beam and the microwave, and includes a first inner corrugation located on the outer surface of the inner conductor 500 and a second inner corrugation located on the inner surface of the outer conductor 600. The first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation are both periodic structures, and each period contains at least two corrugations with different corrugation depths; the microwave extraction cavity 403 is arranged at the end of the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugation slow-wave structure 402, and is used to further extract energy from the high-current relativistic electron beam.

[0045] It can be understood that the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of this embodiment generates high-power microwaves by combining the electron beam emission module 100, the signal injection module 200, the premodulation module 300, and the oscillator main body module 400. By providing the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugated slow-wave structure 402 in the oscillator main body module 400, the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation of the periodic structure can reduce the Q value of the slow-wave structure and improve the electric field distribution in the slow-wave structure region, thereby fully leveraging the advantages of the coaxial combined slow-wave structure, achieving locking of the frequency and phase of the microwave output by the Cherenkov oscillator under low guiding magnetic field conditions, widening the frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidth, and facilitating the compactness and modularization of the overall structure of the oscillator device. At the same time, in the oscillator main body module 400, the microwave extraction cavity 403 at the end of the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugated slow-wave structure 402 exchanges energy between the electron beam and the microwave, thereby achieving higher efficiency microwave output compared to existing Cherenkov oscillators, thereby achieving the advantages of both high-efficiency microwave output and low guiding magnetic field.

[0046] In a traditional Cherenkov oscillator, when the depth of the first inner corrugation is the same as the depth of the second inner corrugation, the axial electric field near the first inner corrugation is strong, and the electron beam needs to be close to the first inner corrugation to better perform beam-wave interaction. In this case, a strong guiding magnetic field is required to ensure that the electron beam does not bombard the inner corrugation. In this embodiment, the average depth of the first inner corrugation is less than the average depth of the second inner corrugation, so that the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation has a strong axial electric field. Furthermore, the odd-numbered corrugation depth of the first inner corrugation is greater than the even-numbered corrugation depth, and the even-numbered corrugation depth of the second inner corrugation is greater than the odd-numbered corrugation depth, so as to further increase the axial electric field at the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation. That is, the first inner corrugation has a deeper depth for odd-numbered corrugations and a shallower depth for even-numbered corrugations, while the second inner corrugation has a deeper depth for even-numbered corrugations and a shallower depth for odd-numbered corrugations. This corrugation distribution further increases the axial electric field at the center between the first and second inner corrugations, allowing the electron beam to fully interact with the wave at the center between the first and second inner corrugations, reducing the need for a guiding magnetic field. This structure also allows the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugation slow-wave structure of this embodiment to have a smaller external Q value and poorer monochromaticity, providing conditions for broadening the bandwidth of frequency and phase locking.

[0047] In this embodiment, the microwave extraction cavity 403 includes a cavity structure consisting of a top wall connected to the end of the first inner corrugation and a bottom wall at the end of the second inner corrugation and the front end of the microwave output channel. The electron beam is decelerated by generating a local axial electric field in the cavity structure to generate concentrated transition radiation, thereby improving the microwave output efficiency.

[0048] In this embodiment, the oscillator main module 400 also includes an electron beam collection stage 404 and a microwave output channel 405, which are sequentially arranged after the microwave extraction cavity 403. The electron beam collection stage 404 is used to recover electrons that have completed the beam-wave interaction, and the microwave output channel 405 is used to output microwaves. The electron beam collection stage 404 can specifically be a slot-shaped cavity that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and is positioned directly in the direction of electron beam emission. The microwave output channel 405 is specifically located inside the electron beam collection stage 404 and includes a channel formed by the inner surface of the outer conductor 600 and the outer surface of the inner conductor 500, which is used to output microwaves.

[0049] In the specific application examples, please refer to Figure 1 The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator is rotationally symmetric about the OZ axis, and the electron beam transmission direction is along the positive Z axis. The side close to the Z axis is defined as the inner side, the side away from the Z axis is defined as the outer side, the end close to the electron beam emission module 100 is defined as the front end, and the end close to the oscillator main module 400 is defined as the end. The signal injection module 200, the premodulation module 300 and the oscillator main module 400 are all coaxial structures, including an inner conductor 500 and an outer conductor 600, wherein the inner conductor 500 is a cylindrical structure, the outer conductor 600 is a cylindrical structure, the outer radius of the inner conductor 500 is R1, and the inner radius of the outer conductor 600 is R2. The end of the electron beam emission module 100 is connected to the front end of the signal injection module 200, the end of the signal injection module 200 is connected to the front end of the premodulation module 300, and the end of the premodulation module 300 is connected to the front end of the oscillator main module 400. The oscillator main module 400 can also generate microwaves normally when there is no injection signal, and the output microwave power is equivalent to the output microwave power when there is an injection signal.

[0050] Please also see Figure 2 The oscillator main body module 400 includes a first reflection cavity 401, an inner and outer conductor double corrugated slow wave structure 402, a microwave extraction cavity 403, an electron beam collection stage 404 and a microwave output channel 405, which are arranged in sequence. The first reflection cavity 401 is used to isolate the microwaves in the pre-modulation module 300 area and the oscillator main body module 400 area, to prevent the microwaves generated in the pre-modulation module 300 area and the oscillator main body module 400 area from coupling and affecting the normal operation of the device. The width of the first reflection cavity 401 is L9, and the inner and outer radii are R 12 With R 13 The distance between the inner and outer conductor double corrugated slow wave structure 402 and the first reflection cavity 401 is L 10 The inner and outer conductor double corrugation slow wave structure 402 includes a trapezoidal inner corrugation (i.e., the first inner corrugation) located on the outer surface of the inner conductor 500 and a trapezoidal inner corrugation (i.e., the second inner corrugation) located on the inner surface of the outer conductor 600. Both trapezoidal corrugations are periodic structures with a period length of L. pEach cycle contains two trapezoidal corrugations with different corrugation depths, and the phase distribution of the trapezoidal inner corrugations on the outer surface of the inner conductor 500 and the trapezoidal inner corrugations on the inner surface of the outer conductor 600 is in phase. 14 With R 15 , the outer corrugation depths are R 16 With R 17 The microwave extraction cavity 403 is located at the end of the inner and outer conductor double corrugated slow wave structure 402, and is used for further energy exchange between the electron beam and the microwave. Its inner diameter is R 18 , outer diameter is R 19 The electron beam collection stage 404 is a cavity facing the direction of electron beam emission, used to recover electrons that have completed beam-wave interaction. Its inner diameter is R 20 , outer diameter is R 21 The microwave output channel 405 is located inside the electron beam collecting stage 404 and is used to output microwaves. Its inner diameter is R 22 , outer diameter is R 23 .

[0051] In this embodiment, the electron beam emission module 100 includes an anode outer tube 101, a cathode 102 and a cathode base 103; the cathode 102 is located at the end of the cathode base 103 and is used to emit a high-current relativistic electron beam. The anode outer tube 101 is sleeved outside the cathode base 103 and is coaxial with the cathode base 103.

[0052] In this embodiment, the signal injection module 200 includes an injection channel 201 and an injection cavity 202 ; the outer side of the injection channel 201 is connected to the injection module, and the inner side is connected to the injection cavity 202 .

[0053] In this embodiment, the injection cavity 202 includes a first annular groove on the outer surface of the inner conductor 500 and a second annular groove on the inner surface of the outer conductor 600. An electric field is generated in the middle area between the first annular groove and the second annular groove for preliminary modulation of the high-current relativistic electron beam.

[0054] In this embodiment, the premodulation module 300 includes a second reflection cavity 301, a first premodulation cavity 302 and a second premodulation cavity 303; the second reflection cavity 301 is used to isolate the injection cavity 202 of the signal injection module 200 from the microwaves of the first premodulation cavity 302 and the second premodulation cavity 303; and the first premodulation cavity 302 and the second premodulation cavity 303 are arranged in sequence after the second reflection cavity 301.

[0055] In the specific application embodiment, the structure of the signal injection module and the pre-modulation module can be found in Figure 3As shown, the signal injection module 200 includes an injection channel 201 and an injection cavity 202. The injection channel 201 has a length of L2 and radii of R4 and R5. Its outer side is connected to the injection module and its inner side is connected to the injection cavity 202. The injection cavity 202 is composed of a circular groove on the outer surface of the inner conductor 500 and a circular groove on the inner surface of the outer conductor 600. The area between the inner and outer circular grooves generates an electric field for preliminary modulation of the high-current electron beam. The width of the injection cavity 202 is L1, and the radii of the inner and outer circular grooves are R4 and R5 respectively. The premodulation module 300 mainly includes a second reflection cavity 301, a first premodulation cavity 302, and a second premodulation cavity 303. The second reflection cavity 301 is used to isolate the microwaves of the injection cavity 202 from the first premodulation cavity 302 and the second premodulation cavity 303 to prevent the electric field generated in the premodulation module 300 area from interfering with the electric field of the injection cavity 202. Its width is L4, and the inner and outer radii are R6 and R7 respectively. The distance between the second reflection cavity 301 and the injection channel is L3. The first pre-modulation cavity 302 and the second pre-modulation cavity 303 are arranged in sequence after the second reflection cavity 301. The width of the first pre-modulation cavity 302 is L6, and the inner and outer radii are R8 and R9 respectively. The width of the second pre-modulation cavity 303 is L8, and the inner and outer radii are R 10 With R 11 The distance between the first premodulation cavity 302 and the second reflection cavity 301 is L5, and the distance between the second premodulation cavity 303 and the first premodulation cavity 302 is L8. Both the first premodulation cavity 302 and the second premodulation cavity 303 are used to premodulate the high-current electron beam, achieving a fundamental current modulation depth of approximately 30%.

[0056] Figure 4 This is an external Q value curve of the inner and outer conductor dual-corrugated slow-wave structure obtained by using the present invention in a specific application embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the operating frequency of the slow-wave structure is around 13.975 GHz, and the external Q value at this location is 41. Compared with the external Q value of the conventional Cherenkov device slow-wave structure in the prior art, the external Q value of the present invention is smaller, which helps to broaden the frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidth of the Cherenkov oscillator.

[0057] In a specific application embodiment, the output microwave power curve of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator obtained by the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure, under the conditions of an electron beam voltage of 490kV, a current of 4.9kA, an injected microwave power of 5kW, and a guide magnetic field strength of 0.65T, the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of the present invention achieved an output power of 966MW, an output / injection power ratio of 52.9dB, and an efficiency of 40%. In other words, the present invention has high output power and efficiency.

[0058] Figure 6The following plots show the time-frequency and time-phase curves of the microwave output from a Ku-band high-power frequency-locked, phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator, obtained using the present invention in a specific application example. As shown, the output microwave frequency is stable at 14.00 GHz, with a phase jitter of less than ±5°. This result demonstrates that the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked, phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of the present invention achieves locked output microwave frequency and phase.

[0059] Figure 7 The following graph shows the self-oscillating microwave power output and frequency of a Ku-band high-power frequency-locked, phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator, obtained using the present invention in a specific application example, when no signal is injected. As shown in the graph, the device is able to self-oscillate without signal injection, with an output microwave power of 932 MHz and a frequency of 14.00 GHz. This result demonstrates that the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked, phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator of the present invention is a high-power microwave oscillator, not an amplifier.

[0060] Figure 8 is the frequency-locked and phase-locked bandwidth of the Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator obtained by using the present invention in a specific application embodiment; Figure 8 (a) corresponds to the frequency-locking bandwidth. Figure 8 (b) corresponds to the phase-locking bandwidth. As can be seen from the figure, when the injected microwave signal frequency is within the range of 13.97 GHz to 14.03 GHz, both the frequency and phase of the output microwaves can be locked, i.e., the frequency-locking and phase-locking bandwidth is 60 MHz. This means that the present invention can not only lock the frequency and phase of the output microwaves, but also widen the frequency-locking and phase-locking bandwidth.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator, characterized in that: include: An electron beam emission module (100) for generating a high-current relativistic electron beam; A signal injection module (200) is used for injecting microwave signals and performing preliminary pre-modulation on the generated high-current relativistic electron beam; A pre-modulation module (300) is used to pre-modulate and cluster the generated high-current relativistic electron beam so that the high-current electron beam reaches a specified fundamental current modulation depth; An oscillator main body module (400) is used for modulating and clustering the generated high-current relativistic electron beam and extracting and outputting energy; The electron beam emission module (100), the signal injection module (200), the pre-modulation module (300) and the oscillator main body module (400) are connected in sequence; the signal injection module (200), the pre-modulation module (300) and the oscillator main body module (400) are all coaxial structures and include an inner conductor (500) and an outer conductor (600); The oscillator main body module (400) comprises a first reflection cavity (401), an inner and outer conductor double-corrugated slow-wave structure (402), and a microwave extraction cavity (403) connected in sequence; the first reflection cavity (401) is used to isolate microwaves between the oscillator main body module (400) and the pre-modulation module (300); the inner and outer conductor double-corrugated slow-wave structure (402) is used for energy exchange between a high-current relativistic electron beam and microwaves, and comprises a first inner corrugation located on the outer surface of the inner conductor (500) and a second inner corrugation located on the inner surface of the outer conductor (600); the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation are both periodic structures, and each period includes at least two corrugations with different corrugation depths; the microwave extraction cavity (403) is arranged at the end of the inner and outer conductor double-corrugated slow-wave structure (402) and is used to further extract energy from the high-current relativistic electron beam; The average depth of the first inner corrugation is smaller than the average depth of the second inner corrugation, so as to increase the axial electric field at the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation; The odd-numbered corrugation depth of the first inner corrugation is greater than the even-numbered corrugation depth, and the even-numbered corrugation depth of the second inner corrugation is greater than the odd-numbered corrugation depth, so as to further increase the axial electric field at the center position between the first inner corrugation and the second inner corrugation.

2. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave extraction cavity (403) comprises a cavity structure formed by a top wall connected to the end of the first inner corrugation and a bottom wall at the end of the second inner corrugation and the front end of the microwave output channel. The cavity structure generates a local axial electric field to decelerate the electron beam, thereby generating concentrated transition radiation.

3. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oscillator main body module (400) further comprises an electron beam collection stage (404) and a microwave output channel (405) which are sequentially arranged after the microwave extraction cavity (403); the electron beam collection stage (404) is used to recover electrons that have completed beam-wave interaction, and the microwave output channel (405) is used to output microwaves.

4. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microwave output channel (405) is located inside the electron beam collecting stage (404), comprises a channel formed by the inner surface of the outer conductor (600) and the outer surface of the inner conductor (500), and is used for outputting microwaves.

5. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The electron beam emission module (100) comprises an anode outer tube (101), a cathode (102) and a cathode seat (103); the cathode (102) is located at the end of the cathode seat (103) and is used to emit a high-current relativistic electron beam; the anode outer tube (101) is sleeved outside the cathode seat (103) and is coaxial with the cathode seat (103).

6. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The signal injection module (200) comprises an injection channel (201) and an injection cavity (202); the outer side of the injection channel (201) is connected to the injection module, and the inner side is connected to the injection cavity (202).

7. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The injection cavity (202) comprises a first annular groove on the outer surface of the inner conductor (500) and a second annular groove on the inner surface of the outer conductor (600), wherein an electric field is generated in a region between the first annular groove and the second annular groove for preliminary modulation of a high-current relativistic electron beam.

8. The Ku-band high-power frequency-locked and phase-locked Cherenkov oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The premodulation module (300) comprises a second reflection cavity (301), a first premodulation cavity (302) and a second premodulation cavity (303); the second reflection cavity (301) is used to isolate the injection cavity (202) of the signal injection module (200) from the microwaves of the first premodulation cavity (302) and the second premodulation cavity (303); and the first premodulation cavity (302) and the second premodulation cavity (303) are arranged in sequence behind the second reflection cavity (301).

Images