Pilot signal distribution methods, devices, and computer equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a pilot signal distribution method, device and computer equipment. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of user terminals in a target system; distributing the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters, and respectively distributing pilot signals to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals distributed to the user terminals in each cluster are mutually orthogonal; weighting each pilot signal distributed to the user terminal according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal; and adjusting the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error value of the weighted pilot signal is minimum to obtain a target pilot signal distributed to each user terminal. The application solves the technical problem that the communication effect is poor due to pilot signal pollution in the related art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of data processing, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, and computer device for distributing pilot signals. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in related technologies, in decellularized massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, a superimposed pilot transmission model is established. Channel state information between the user terminal and the access point is obtained based on the LMMSE (Linear Minimum Mean Square Error) estimation criterion. Then, a receiver is designed using LMMSE channel estimation, and a closed-form expression for the user's uplink spectral efficiency is derived from the decoded signal expression. Finally, with the goal of maximizing the total spectral efficiency of all users, a pilot allocation method based on enhanced tabu search is designed. This approach, employing superimposed pilots, increases system complexity. Furthermore, the tabu search algorithm is highly dependent on the initial solution, resulting in a limited effect on reducing pilot signal contamination, thus leading to poor communication performance.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, and computer device for allocating pilot signals, in order to at least solve the technical problem of poor communication performance caused by pilot signal contamination in related technologies.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for allocating pilot signals is provided, comprising: acquiring multiple user terminals in a target system; dividing the multiple user terminals into multiple clusters, and allocating a pilot signal to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals allocated to the user terminals in each cluster are mutually orthogonal; weighting each pilot signal allocated to the user terminal according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal; adjusting the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error value of the weighted pilot signal is minimized, thereby obtaining a target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal.

[0006] Optionally, dividing the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters includes: selecting initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals, wherein the number of the plurality of clusters is determined based on the number of the plurality of user terminals; dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters; updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first objective function until the function value of the first objective function converges, and determining the selected centroids as the target centroids of the plurality of clusters when the function value of the first objective function converges; and dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the target centroids of the plurality of clusters.

[0007] Optionally, selecting the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals includes: arbitrarily selecting one user terminal from the plurality of user terminals as the first initial centroid and adding the first initial centroid to the centroid set; sequentially selecting the user terminal with the largest target distance from the user terminals not in the centroid set as the initial centroid and adding it to the centroid set until the number of centroids in the centroid set reaches the number of the plurality of clusters, wherein the target distance represents the sum of the distances from the user terminal to all centroids in the centroid set.

[0008] Optionally, updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to the first objective function includes: obtaining the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; determining the first objective function based on the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; and sequentially updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters until the function value of the first objective function is equal to the function value of the first objective function after the previous update.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes: obtaining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals; and evaluating the allocation result of the pilot signal based on the average spectral efficiency value of the plurality of user terminals.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals includes: determining the channel vector between each user terminal and the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal; determining the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the channel vector and the transmitted signal of each user terminal; determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals as the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals.

[0011] Optionally, determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal includes: determining the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal by a preset central processing unit based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal.

[0012] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a pilot signal allocation device is also provided, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring multiple user terminals in a target system; a clustering module for dividing the multiple user terminals into multiple clusters and allocating a pilot signal to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals allocated to the user terminals in each cluster are mutually orthogonal; a weighting module for weighting each pilot signal allocated to the user terminal according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal; and an adjustment module for adjusting the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error value of the weighted pilot signal is minimized, thereby obtaining a target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer device is also provided, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store program instructions; and the processor, connected to the memory, is used to execute the above-described pilot signal allocation method.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a non-volatile storage medium is also provided, the non-volatile storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the above-mentioned pilot signal allocation method by running the computer program.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described pilot signal allocation method.

[0016] In this embodiment, multiple user terminals in the target system are acquired; the multiple user terminals are divided into multiple clusters, and pilot signals are assigned to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals assigned to user terminals in each cluster are orthogonal to each other; each pilot signal assigned to a user terminal is weighted according to a preset weight, wherein the preset weight is determined based on the power of the pilot signal; the weighted pilot signal is adjusted until the maximum mean square error of the weighted pilot signal is minimized, thereby obtaining the target pilot signal assigned to each user terminal. This achieves the goal of minimizing the maximum mean square error of the pilot signal while ensuring the orthogonality of the assigned pilot signals and combining signal power control, thus realizing the technical effect of reducing pilot pollution and solving the technical problem of poor communication performance caused by pilot signal pollution in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal for implementing a pilot signal allocation method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a pilot signal allocation method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another pilot signal allocation method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a pilot signal distribution device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0024] In related technologies, some research has been conducted on methods to reduce pilot pollution, such as the maximum and minimum power control algorithm used to optimize downlink rate. This algorithm optimizes the average rate of the system by increasing the transmission power of the minimum rate user terminal, but it does not essentially improve the pilot pollution caused during the pilot training phase.

[0025] To address the problems existing in related technologies, embodiments of this application provide a method for allocating pilot signals, which can be implemented in... Figure 1 The computer terminal shown is explained below.

[0026] The pilot signal allocation method provided in this application can be executed in a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Figure 1 A hardware block diagram of a computer terminal for implementing a pilot signal allocation method is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the computer terminal 10 may include one or more processors (shown as 102a, 102b, ..., 102n in the figure) (the processor may include, but is not limited to, a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA, etc.), a memory 104 for storing data, and a transmission module 106 for communication functions connected via wired and / or wireless networks. In addition, it may also include: a display, a keyboard, a cursor control device, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a universal serial bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of the I / O interface), a network interface, and a BUS bus. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 1 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, computer terminal 10 may also include... Figure 1 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 1 The different configurations shown.

[0027] It should be noted that the aforementioned one or more processors and / or other data processing circuits are generally referred to herein as "data processing circuits". These data processing circuits may be implemented wholly or partially as software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuits may be a single, independent processing module, or may be wholly or partially integrated into any other element in the computer terminal 10. As involved in the embodiments of this application, the data processing circuits serve as processor control (e.g., selection of a variable resistor termination path connected to an interface).

[0028] The memory 104 can be used to store software programs and modules for application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the pilot signal allocation method in this embodiment. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 104, thereby realizing the aforementioned pilot signal allocation method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the computer terminal 10 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0029] The transmission module 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the communication provider of the computer terminal 10. In one example, the transmission module 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission module 106 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0030] The display may be, for example, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD) that allows the user to interact with the user interface of the computer terminal 10.

[0031] It should be noted here that, in some optional embodiments, the above... Figure 1 The computer terminal shown may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium), or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that... Figure 1 This is only one instance of a specific particular instance, and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may exist in the aforementioned computer terminal.

[0032] In the above operating environment, this application provides an embodiment of a pilot signal allocation method. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a pilot signal allocation method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0034] Step S202: Obtain multiple user terminals in the target system.

[0035] In step S202 above, the target system includes a decellularized massive MIMO system, which includes multiple user terminals and access points. The channel vector between user terminal k and access point m can be expressed as:

[0036] g mk =β mk 1 / 2 h mk

[0037] In the formula, h mk β represents the small-scale fading coefficient. mk This represents the large-scale coefficient between user k and access point m.

[0038] Step S204: Divide the multiple user terminals into multiple clusters, and assign pilot signals to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals assigned to user terminals in each cluster are mutually orthogonal.

[0039] Step S206: Weight each pilot signal allocated to the user terminal according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined based on the power of the pilot signal.

[0040] In step S206 above, in actual application scenarios, a power control coefficient is added to each pilot signal.

[0041] Step S208: Adjust the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error of the weighted pilot signal is minimized, thereby obtaining the target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal.

[0042] In step S208, an optimization problem is constructed with the total pilot transmission power as a constraint and the normalized error as the objective function.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, pilot allocation is combined with power control. A pilot power control algorithm combining pilot allocation and clustering algorithm is proposed, aiming to minimize the maximum mean square error of user channel estimation, thereby improving the accuracy of channel estimation and increasing the spectral efficiency of communication.

[0044] Through steps S202 to S208, the goal of minimizing the maximum mean square error of the pilot signals while ensuring the orthogonality of the allocated pilot signals is achieved by combining signal power control. This reduces pilot pollution and solves the technical problem of poor communication performance caused by pilot signal pollution in related technologies. The following is a detailed explanation.

[0045] In step S202 of the above-described pilot signal allocation method, dividing the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters includes: selecting initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals, wherein the number of the plurality of clusters is determined according to the number of the plurality of user terminals; dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters; updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first objective function until the function value of the first objective function converges, and determining the selected centroid as the target centroid of the plurality of clusters when the function value of the first objective function converges; and dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the target centroids of the plurality of clusters.

[0046] The process of selecting the initial centroids of the multiple clusters from the multiple user terminals includes: arbitrarily selecting one user terminal from the multiple user terminals as the first initial centroid and adding the first initial centroid to the centroid set; sequentially selecting the user terminal with the largest target distance from the user terminals not in the centroid set as the initial centroid and adding it to the centroid set until the number of centroids in the centroid set reaches the number of the multiple clusters, wherein the target distance represents the sum of the distances from the user terminal to all centroids in the centroid set.

[0047] In the above-described pilot signal allocation method, updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to the first objective function includes: obtaining the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; determining the first objective function based on the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; and sequentially updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters until the function value of the first objective function is equal to the function value of the first objective function after the previous update.

[0048] The specific clustering process is as follows: Randomly select any user terminal k as the first initial centroid, and define a centroid set. Add user terminal k to the centroid set. Among the non-centroid user terminals, find the user terminal with the largest sum of Euclidean distances to the user terminals in the centroid set, and use it as the new centroid. Simultaneously, add the user terminal corresponding to the new centroid to the centroid set. Repeat the process of selecting new centroids from the non-centroid user terminals and adding them to the centroid set until the number of elements in the centroid set reaches the predetermined number of clusters N. clu The centroids in the resulting set of centroids are then used as the initial centroids.

[0049] It should be noted that the number of clusters can be determined based on the number of user terminals and the number of access points.

[0050] All user terminals corresponding to the initial centroids are assigned to different clusters based on Euclidean distance. The first objective function value is calculated, and the cluster centroids are continuously updated until the objective function value of the current cluster is equal to that of the previous cluster, thus obtaining the final clustering scheme. The first objective function is shown in the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, N clu Indicates the number of clusters, Let x represent the number of user terminals in the i-th cluster. k Let x represent the x-coordinate of the k-th point in the i-th cluster. i The x-coordinate of the centroid of the i-th cluster is represented by y. k Let y represent the ordinate of the k-th point in the i-th cluster. i The ordinate represents the centroid of the i-th cluster.

[0053] It is understandable that the number of user terminals in each cluster does not exceed the number of pilot signals, and each user terminal can be assigned a different pilot signal.

[0054] After pilot allocation is completed, the pilot signals allocated to each user terminal are weighted by a preset weight for power control. While ensuring that the total transmission power meets the requirements, the transmission power of users causing serious interference is appropriately reduced to minimize the maximum mean square error of users, effectively suppress pilot pollution of the system, and improve communication performance.

[0055] After the pilot signal allocation is completed, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this application in reducing pilot pollution can be evaluated. The specific evaluation method is as follows: obtain the average spectral efficiency of the multiple user terminals; evaluate the allocation result of the pilot signal based on the average spectral efficiency value of the multiple user terminals.

[0056] The method of obtaining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals includes: determining the channel vector between each user terminal and the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal; determining the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the channel vector and the transmitted signal of each user terminal; determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals as the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal includes: determining the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal by a preset central processing unit based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal.

[0058] Specifically, taking the access point corresponding to the user terminal as access point m, the pilot signal is... For example, the received signal received by access point m during the pilot training phase can be determined by the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, τ represents the coherence interval length during the uplink pilot training phase, and ρ p η represents the normalized signal-to-noise ratio of each pilot signal. k This represents the preset weight corresponding to user terminal k, 0 < η k ≤1, Indicates pilot signal and w p,m Let g represent the vector of additive noise received by access point m, where the elements of the additive noise vector all follow a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and variance 1. mk This represents the channel vector between user terminal k and access point m.

[0061] The received signal y received by access point m P,m Projected onto pilot signal Above, the channel vector g between user terminal k and access point mk The MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) channel estimation coefficients are shown in the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula,

[0064] Channel estimation coefficients mean square γ mk It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, the large-scale coefficient β of user terminal k and access point m mk It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, PL mk This represents the path loss between user terminal k and access point m. Indicates shadow fading, σ sh z represents the standard deviation. mk Let k' represent a Gaussian random variable with a variance of 1, and k' represent the user terminal number.

[0069] Understandably, during the uplink data transmission phase, the sending user terminal is unaware of the approximate channel information. The access point (AP) processes the received signal using the channel estimate obtained after uplink pilot training.

[0070] Let the signal transmitted by user terminal k be s k For example, where s k Satisfy Ε{|s k | 2 If} = 1, then the received signal at access point m is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, ρ u w represents the normalized signal-to-noise ratio of uplink transmitted data. u,m μ represents the additive noise in the received signal at access point m. k This represents the preset weights, 0 ≤ μ k ≤1, K represents the number of user terminals.

[0073] After receiving the signal, the access point processes the channel estimate obtained from uplink pilot training. After processing the channel estimate, the access point transmits it to the central processing unit via the backhaul link. This represents the estimate of the transmitted signal of the user terminal k by the access point m.

[0074] The observed value of the signal transmitted by the central processing unit to user terminal k is shown in the following formula:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, M represents the number of access points, K represents the number of user terminals, and k′ represents the user terminal number.

[0078] From the above formula, we can see that

[0079]

[0080] In the formula,

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] The spectral efficiency that user terminal k can achieve is shown in the following formula:

[0084]

[0085] The average spectral efficiency of the uplink user terminal is shown in the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] Figure 3 Another pilot signal allocation method is shown, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0088] Step 1: Establish a cellular-free massive MIMO system model, determine the number of clusters based on the number of users and pilot sequences, and then determine the initial centroid of each cluster according to the initial centroid allocation algorithm.

[0089] Step 2: Iteratively optimize the selection of the centroid of each cluster according to the set principles to obtain the optimal clustering scheme.

[0090] Step 3: Assign pilot signals to users within each cluster, ensuring that the pilot sequences of users in each cluster are orthogonal to each other.

[0091] Step 4: Based on the above allocation scheme, assign a power control coefficient to each pilot signal. Construct an optimization problem with the total pilot transmission power as a constraint and the normalized error as the objective function. Solve this non-convex optimization problem using the continuous convex approximation.

[0092] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a pilot signal distribution device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the device includes:

[0093] The acquisition module 40 is used to acquire multiple user terminals in the target system;

[0094] Clustering module 42 is used to divide the multiple user terminals into multiple clusters and assign pilot signals to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals assigned to the user terminals in each cluster are mutually orthogonal.

[0095] The weighting module 44 is used to weight each pilot signal allocated to the user terminal according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal;

[0096] The adjustment module 46 is used to adjust the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error of the weighted pilot signal is minimized, thereby obtaining the target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal.

[0097] By using the aforementioned pilot signal distribution device, the goal of minimizing the maximum mean square error of the pilot signal is achieved while ensuring the orthogonality of the distributed pilot signals and combining signal power control. This reduces pilot pollution and solves the technical problem of poor communication performance caused by pilot signal pollution in related technologies.

[0098] The clustering module 42 in the aforementioned pilot signal distribution device includes: a partitioning submodule, used to partition the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters, including: selecting initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals, wherein the number of the plurality of clusters is determined according to the number of the plurality of user terminals; partitioning the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters; updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first objective function until the function value of the first objective function converges, and determining the selected centroid as the target centroid of the plurality of clusters when the function value of the first objective function converges; and partitioning the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to Euclidean distances from the target centroids of the plurality of clusters.

[0099] The partitioning submodule includes a selection unit, used to select the initial centroids of the multiple clusters from the multiple user terminals, including: arbitrarily selecting a user terminal from the multiple user terminals as the first initial centroid, and adding the first initial centroid to the centroid set; sequentially selecting the user terminal with the largest target distance from the user terminals not in the centroid set as the initial centroid and adding it to the centroid set until the number of centroids in the centroid set reaches the number of the multiple clusters, wherein the target distance represents the sum of the distances from the user terminal to all centroids in the centroid set.

[0100] The selection unit includes an update subunit, configured to update the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first objective function, including: obtaining the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; determining the first objective function based on the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; and sequentially updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters until the function value of the first objective function is equal to the function value of the first objective function after the previous update.

[0101] The aforementioned pilot signal allocation device further includes: an evaluation submodule, used to obtain the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals; and to evaluate the allocation result of the pilot signal based on the average spectral efficiency value of the plurality of user terminals.

[0102] The evaluation submodule includes: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals, comprising: determining the channel vector between each user terminal and the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the target pilot signal allocated to each user terminal; determining the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal based on the channel vector and the transmitted signal of each user terminal; determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals as the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals.

[0103] The acquisition unit includes: a determination subunit, configured to determine the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal, including: determining the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal by a preset central processing unit based on the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal; and determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the observation value of the transmitted signal of each user terminal.

[0104] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The pilot signal distribution device shown is used to perform... Figure 2 The method for allocating pilot signals shown above also applies to the pilot signal allocation device, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] This application also provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store program instructions; and the processor, connected to the memory, is used to execute the above-described pilot signal allocation method.

[0106] This application also provides a non-volatile storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the device containing the non-volatile storage medium executes the above-mentioned pilot signal allocation method by running the computer program.

[0107] This application also provides a computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal allocation method in this application.

[0108] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the pilot signal allocation method in this application.

[0109] This application also provides a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal allocation method in this application.

[0110] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0111] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0112] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0113] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0114] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0115] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method of allocating pilot signals, characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining a plurality of user terminals in a target system; dividing the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters, and assigning a pilot signal to each user terminal in each cluster respectively, wherein the pilot signals assigned to the user terminals in each cluster are orthogonal to each other; weighting each pilot signal assigned to the user terminals according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal; adjusting the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error value of the weighted pilot signal is minimum to obtain a target pilot signal assigned to each user terminal; dividing the plurality of user terminals into a plurality of clusters comprises: selecting initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals, wherein the number of the plurality of clusters is determined according to the number of the plurality of user terminals; dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to the Euclidean distance from the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters; updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first target function until the function value of the first target function converges, and determining the centroid selected in the case of convergence of the function value of the first target function as a target centroid of the plurality of clusters; dividing the plurality of user terminals into the plurality of clusters according to the Euclidean distance from the target centroids of the plurality of clusters.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: selecting the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters from the plurality of user terminals comprises: selecting an arbitrary user terminal from the plurality of user terminals as a first initial centroid, and adding the first initial centroid to a centroid set; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, selecting a user terminal with a maximum target distance from the user terminals not in the centroid set as the initial centroid to be added to the centroid set in turn until the number of centroids in the centroid set reaches the number of the plurality of clusters, wherein the target distance represents the sum of distances from the user terminal to all centroids in the centroid set. The method further comprises: updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters according to a first target function comprises: obtaining the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining the first target function according to the coordinates of the plurality of user terminals, the coordinates of each centroid in the centroid set, and the number of user terminals in each cluster; updating the initial centroids of the plurality of clusters in turn until the function value of the first target function is equal to the function value of the first target function after the previous update. The method further comprises:

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, obtaining the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals; evaluating the assignment result of the pilot signals according to the average spectral efficiency of the plurality of user terminals. The method further comprises: determining the channel vector between each user terminal and the access point corresponding to the user terminal based on the target pilot signal assigned to each user terminal; determining the received signal received by the access point corresponding to each user terminal according to the channel vector and the transmission signal of each user terminal; determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal according to a received signal received by an access point corresponding to the user terminal; determining the average spectral efficiency of the multiple user terminals as the average spectral efficiency of the multiple user terminals.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The method further includes: determining an observation value of a transmission signal of each user terminal by a preset central processor according to a received signal received by an access point corresponding to the user terminal; determining the spectral efficiency of each user terminal based on the observation value of the transmission signal of the user terminal.

7. An apparatus for allocating pilot signals, characterized by The method further includes: a obtaining module configured to obtain multiple user terminals in a target system; a clustering module configured to divide the multiple user terminals into multiple clusters and assign a pilot signal to each user terminal in each cluster, wherein the pilot signals assigned to the user terminals in each cluster are orthogonal to each other; a weighting module configured to weight each pilot signal assigned to the user terminals according to a preset weight to obtain a weighted pilot signal, wherein the preset weight is determined according to the power of the pilot signal; an adjusting module configured to adjust the weighted pilot signal until the maximum mean square error value of the weighted pilot signal is minimum to obtain a target pilot signal assigned to each user terminal; The method further includes: selecting initial centroids of the multiple clusters from the multiple user terminals, wherein the number of the multiple clusters is determined according to the number of the multiple user terminals; dividing the multiple user terminals into the multiple clusters according to the Euclidean distance from the initial centroids of the multiple clusters; updating the initial centroids of the multiple clusters according to a first target function until the function value of the first target function converges, and determining the centroid selected in the case of convergence of the function value of the first target function as a target centroid of the multiple clusters; dividing the multiple user terminals into the multiple clusters according to the Euclidean distance from the target centroids of the multiple clusters.

8. A computer device, comprising: The method further includes: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions; the processor, connected with the memory, is configured to execute the pilot signal assignment method in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized by The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein a device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the pilot signal assignment method in any one of claims 1 to 6 by running the computer program.

10. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are executed by the processor to implement the pilot signal assignment method in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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