Frequency-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on radio frequency mutual coupling in diode region

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microwave source device in the field of high-power microwave technology, in particular to a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency-locked phase-locking in a diode region, belonging to the field of high-power microwave technology; by reasonably designing internal and external electromagnetic structures and using a diode region as a coupling structure, the internal and external RCOs are made to reach a frequency-locked and phase-locked state, thereby outputting two HPMs with the same frequency; the present invention can synthesize two HPMs with the same frequency through a cascade power synthesizer, further improving the output power of a Ka-band HPM source, while solving the problem of low internal volume and magnetic field utilization rate of a traditional Ka-band HPM source with a large over-modulation ratio, and has the advantages of high power efficiency, high output power, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a microwave source device in the field of high-power microwave technology, in particular to a relativistic Cerenkov oscillator (RCO) based on radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking in a diode region, belonging to the field of high-power microwave technology. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwave (HPM) is usually defined as an electromagnetic wave with a peak power of more than 100MW and a wavelength of 1mm ~ 1m (i.e., a frequency of 300MHz ~ 300GHz). HPM devices refer to devices in HPM systems that convert high-current relativistic electron beam energy into microwave field energy, usually electric vacuum devices. Thanks to in-depth research on pulse power technology, relativistic vacuum electronics, and plasma physics, HPM source technology has developed rapidly in recent years.

[0003] Ka-band microwaves refer to microwaves with a frequency of 26 to 40 GHz, which have the advantages of narrow beam, wide spectrum range, high energy density, linear propagation and strong anti-interference ability. It has a wide range of applications in satellite communications, radar guidance, etc., and has good development prospects. In order to obtain higher output power, Ka-band HPM sources usually use a large over-mode structure, that is, increase the radial size of the device, so that at the operating frequency, TM is allowed to 02 Higher-order modes exist.

[0004] In 2017, the National University of Defense Technology proposed the TM 01 Main mode overmode Cherenkov oscillator [Wu Dapeng. Ka-band TM 01 Research on main mode over-mode Cherenkov type high power microwave oscillator [D]; National University of Defense Technology, 2017. 】. (hereinafter referred to as prior art 1, such as Figure 1 As shown). The oscillator consists of a ring cathode, a cutoff neck, a slow-wave structure, a collector and an output waveguide, and the entire device is rotationally symmetrical about the center. The scheme uses a large over-mode ratio hollow structure (over-mode ratio: 4.6), and a segmented, size-gradient slow-wave structure to increase the output power. Finally, the scheme obtained a microwave output of 0.52 GW when the diode voltage was 450 kV, the electron beam current was 3.2 kA, and the guiding magnetic field was 0.95 T. In order to obtain the main mode TM 01 The single-mode high-power output uses a hollow structure with a large over-mode ratio. However, when the output power continues to increase, the over-mode ratio needs to be further increased, which will encounter problems such as mode control and local breakdown of the RF field.

[0005] In 2017, the National University of Defense Technology proposed a Ka-band transit time oscillator [Song Lili. Research on Ka-band high-power coaxial transit time oscillator [D]; National University of Defense Technology, 2020.]. (hereinafter referred to as prior art 2, such as Figure 2 As shown). The oscillator consists of a ring cathode, a coaxial reflector, a modulation cavity, a drift cavity, an extraction cavity, a collector and an output waveguide, and the entire device is rotationally symmetric about the center. This scheme uses a large over-mode ratio coaxial structure (over-mode ratio: 8.9), and a coaxial reflector is used to increase the output power. In the end, the scheme obtained a microwave output of 1.27 GW when the diode voltage was 447 kV, the electron beam current was 7.4 kA, and the guiding magnetic field was 0.60 T. In order to obtain higher output power, this scheme selected a very large over-mode ratio and adopted an inner conductor of very large diameter, which made the mode control of this scheme a difficult problem in the experiment. At the same time, the diameter of the inner conductor of this scheme is comparable to the maximum diameter of the prior art 1, which leads to a decrease in the utilization rate of the magnetic field at the inner conductor of the coaxial structure, and also causes volume waste and magnetic field waste in actual work.

[0006] It is not difficult to see from the above research status that although the Ka-band HPM source has made great progress, most technical solutions adopt the method of using a large over-mode ratio structure to increase the power capacity of the solution in order to obtain higher output power. The mode control and RF field control of such solutions have become urgent problems to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the present invention proposes a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the radio frequency mutual coupling of the diode region and the same frequency phase lock, which is different from the traditional relativistic Cherenkov oscillator which has only one set of high-frequency structures. By rationally designing the internal and external electromagnetic structures and using the diode region as a coupling structure, the internal and external RCOs are made to reach the frequency-locked and phase-locked state, thereby outputting two channels of HPM with the same frequency. The present invention can synthesize two channels of HPM with the same frequency through a cascade power synthesizer, further improve the output power of the Ka-band HPM source, and solve the problem of low internal volume and magnetic field utilization of the traditional Ka-band HPM source with a large over-modulation ratio, and has the advantages of high power efficiency and high output power.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] A relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency-locked phase-locking in the diode region is composed of two sets of high-frequency structures, namely, an external electromagnetic structure and an internal electromagnetic structure. The external electromagnetic structure includes an external cathode seat 301a, an external cathode 302a, an anode outer cylinder 303a, a cutoff neck 304a, an external modulation cavity 305a, an external first slow-wave structure 306a, an external drift cavity 307a, an external second slow-wave structure 308a, an external output waveguide 309a, and a coil magnetic field 310; the internal electromagnetic structure includes an internal cathode seat 301b, an internal cathode 302b, an internal conductor 303b, a wedge 304b, an internal modulation cavity 305b, an internal first slow-wave structure 306b, an internal drift cavity 307b, an internal second slow-wave structure 308b, and an internal output waveguide 309b.

[0010] The outer cathode 302a and the inner cathode 302b are both thin-walled cylinders, both with a wall thickness of 1 mm and radii of R1 and R1', respectively, and are respectively sleeved on the right ends of the outer cathode seat 301a and the inner cathode seat 301b. The inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 303a and the inner surface of the inner conductor 303b both have irregular corrugations, and the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 303a and the outer surface of the inner conductor 303b together constitute an external electromagnetic structure, and the inner surface of the inner conductor 303b constitutes an internal electromagnetic structure.

[0011] The cutoff neck 304a is a circular ring cavity with an outer radius of R2, an inner radius of R3, and a width of L1, satisfying R2>R3. L1 is optimized according to the phase of the external electron beam entering the external electromagnetic structure, and the value is 0.5-0.7 times the working wavelength λ. The external modulation cavity 305a is composed of two circular ring cavities in cascade: the first circular ring cavity has an outer radius of R4, an inner radius of R2, satisfying R4>R2, and a width of L2, L2 is 0.6-0.7 times the working wavelength λ; the second circular ring cavity has an outer radius of R5, an inner radius of R2, satisfying R5>R4, and a width of L3, L3 is 0.4-0.5 times the working wavelength λ. The external modulation cavity 305a and the external first slow-wave structure 306a are connected by a circular ring cavity with an outer radius of R2, an inner radius of R3, and a width of L4, and L4 is 0.4-0.6 times the working wavelength λ. The portion of the outer first slow-wave structure 306a located on the outer surface of the inner conductor 303b is a disk with a radius of R6, and the portion located on the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 303a is composed of five annular cavities with an outer radius of R7, an inner radius of R2, and a width of L5, and four disks with a radius of R2 and a width of L6, satisfying R7>R2, L5 is 1mm-1.6mm, and L6 is 1.5mm-2.5mm. The outer drift cavity 307a is an annular cavity with an outer radius of R2, an inner radius of R6, and a width of L7, and L7 is 0.6-0.8 times the working wavelength λ. The portion of the outer second slow-wave structure 308a located on the outer surface of the inner conductor 303b is a disk with a radius of R6, and the portion located on the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 303a is composed of seven annular cavities with an outer radius of R7, an inner radius of R2, and a width of L5, and seven disks with a radius of R2 and a width of L6. The outer output waveguide 309a is a circular waveguide with an outer radius of R7 and an inner radius of R6, and a length of 3-5 times the working wavelength λ. The coil magnetic field 310 is sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder 303a.

[0012] The wedge 304b is a truncated cone-shaped cavity with a lower base radius of R`2, an upper base radius of R`3, and a height of L`1. L`1 is optimized according to the phase of the inner electron beam entering the internal electromagnetic structure, and its value is 0.5-0.6 times the working wavelength λ. The wedge 304b and the inner modulation cavity 305b are connected by a cylindrical cavity with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`2. L`2 is optimized according to the phase of the inner electron beam entering the internal electromagnetic structure, and its value is 0.4-0.6 times the working wavelength λ. The inner modulation cavity 305b is a cylindrical cavity with an outer radius of R`4, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`3, satisfying R`2>R`4>R`3, and L`3 is 0.3-0.5 times the working wavelength λ. The inner modulation cavity 305b and the inner first slow-wave structure 306b are connected by a cylindrical cavity with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`4, where L`4 is 0.5-0.7 times the working wavelength λ. The portion of the inner first slow-wave structure 306b located on the inner surface of the inner conductor 303b is composed of three annular cavities with an outer radius of R`5, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`5, and three disks with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`6, satisfying R`4>R`5>R`3, L`5 is 1.5mm-1.9mm, and L`6 is 1.5mm-1.9mm. The inner drift cavity 307b is an annular cavity with an outer radius of R`6, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`7, satisfying R`4>R`6>R`5, and L`7 is 0.7-0.9 times the working wavelength λ. The inner second slow-wave structure 308b located on the inner surface of the inner conductor 303b is composed of eight circular ring cavities with an outer radius of R'5, an inner radius of R'3, and a width of L'5, and eight circular disks with a radius of R'3 and a width of L'6. The inner output waveguide 309b is a circular waveguide with a radius of R'3 and a length of 3-5 times the working wavelength λ.

[0013] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the high voltage generated by the pulse drive source acts on the outer cathode 302a and the inner cathode 302b through the outer cathode seat 301a and the inner cathode seat 301b, and the right end surfaces of the outer cathode 302a and the inner cathode 302b generate a double annular electron beam based on the explosive emission, which is transmitted axially under the guidance of the coil magnetic field 310, and the inner and outer electron beams enter the internal electromagnetic structure and the external electromagnetic structure respectively. Since the electron beam current of the external electromagnetic structure is larger, the external RCO oscillates the HPM first, and the generated HPM leaks to the internal electromagnetic structure through the diode area, pre-modulating the inner electron beam, and the modulated inner electron beam interacts with the internal electromagnetic structure. Since the inner electron beam is modulated by the HPM generated by the oscillation of the external electromagnetic structure, the internal electromagnetic structure also oscillates accordingly to generate HPM of the same frequency. The two HPMs of the same frequency generated by the oscillation are coupled to each other through the diode, and the phases of the two HPMs are balanced, thereby achieving frequency locking and phase locking. The two-way frequency-locked and phase-locked HPMs are finally radiated outward through the outer microwave output waveguide 309a and the inner microwave output waveguide 309b.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0015] 1. The present invention proposes a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region RF mutual coupling and frequency locked phase, which can effectively utilize the coaxial conductor structure of the device and hollow it out as a second set of high-frequency structures, so that the output power and magnetic field utilization rate of the entire system are further improved.

[0016] 2. Compared with the traditional injection phase-locking technology route for achieving phase-locking, the relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region RF mutual coupling and frequency phase-locking proposed in the present invention does not require a seed source or external signal; frequency and phase locking can be achieved only through the diode region inside the oscillator, which greatly reduces the volume of the entire system and has guiding significance for the miniaturization and compactness of the phase-locked HPM source.

[0017] 3. In subsequent applications, the relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region RF mutual coupling and frequency-locked phase-locked proposed in the present invention can output higher-power HPM only by designing a power synthesizer according to the working frequency band and phase information. It is a feasible route to achieve GW-level HPM output in the Ka band.

[0018] Please refer to the following description of various embodiments of the diode region RF mutual coupling frequency-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator according to the present invention, which will make the above and other aspects of the present invention apparent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the TM01 main-mode over-mode Cherenkov oscillator disclosed in the prior art 1 in the background introduction;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Ka-band transit time oscillator disclosed in the prior art 2 in the background introduction;

[0021] Figure 3 AA cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a AA cutaway stereoscopic schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A real-space diagram of the internal and external electron beams when a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking in the diode region proposed by the present invention is in stable operation (t=25ns);

[0024] Figure 6This is a microwave spectrum diagram outputted by the external electromagnetic structure of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a microwave spectrum diagram outputted from the internal electromagnetic structure of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking in the diode region proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a microwave power diagram outputted from an external electromagnetic structure of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the microwave power output of the internal electromagnetic structure of a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 This is a graph showing the relationship between the phase difference of the internal and external output microwaves changing over time in a preferred embodiment of a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region RF mutual coupling and frequency-locked phase-locking proposed by the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0031] The present invention is composed of two sets of high-frequency structures, namely, an external electromagnetic structure and an internal electromagnetic structure. The external electromagnetic structure includes an external cathode seat 301a, an external cathode 302a, an anode outer cylinder 303a, a cut-off neck 304a, an external modulation cavity 305a, an external first slow-wave structure 306a, an external drift cavity 307a, an external second slow-wave structure 308a, an external output waveguide 309a, and a coil magnetic field 310. The internal electromagnetic structure includes an internal cathode seat 301b, an internal cathode 302b, an internal conductor 303b, a wedge 304b, an internal modulation cavity 305b, an internal first slow-wave structure 306b, an internal drift cavity 307b, an internal second slow-wave structure 308b, and an internal output waveguide 309b. The entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis.

[0032] The outer cathode seat 301a, the inner cathode seat 301b, the anode outer cylinder 303a, and the inner conductor 303b are usually made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The outer cathode 302a and the inner cathode 302b can be made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper clad foil (FR-5) material. The coil magnetic field 310 is wound with enameled copper wire or glass fiber copper wire. The left end of the outer cathode seat 301a is connected to the inner conductor of the pulse power driving source, and the left end of the anode outer cylinder 303a is connected to the outer conductor of the pulse power driving source.

[0033] When the present invention is in operation, the pulse power driving source loads a high voltage onto the outer cathode seat 301a, and the outer cathode 302a and the inner cathode 302b emit a dual annular electron beam. First, the outer electron beam and the inner electron beam are pre-modulated in the outer modulation cavity 305a and the inner modulation cavity 305b, respectively, that is, initial velocity modulation. The inner and outer electron beams are then further velocity modulated at the first inner and outer slow-wave structures, and the velocity modulation gradually turns into density modulation, that is, clustering. The clustered electron beams generate Cherenkov radiation at the second inner and outer slow-wave structures, thereby generating HPM. The inner and outer HPMs can couple with each other in the diode region, and the HPM that oscillates first will modulate the electron beam. The modulated electron beam carries the HPM radio frequency information, thereby oscillating the HPM under the corresponding frequency and phase conditions, that is, realizing the frequency-locked and phase-locked internal and external microwaves.

[0034] This embodiment realizes a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode area RF mutual coupling and frequency-locked phase with an operating frequency of 30.41 GHz (corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ=9.86 mm) (the corresponding dimensions are designed as follows: R1=32.5 mm, R2=36 mm, R3=30 mm, R4=38 mm, R5=41 mm, R6=27.5 mm, R7=37.5 mm, R`1=20.5 mm, R`2=28 mm, R `3=23mm, R`4=26mm, R`5=24.3mm, R`6=25mm, L1=6.5mm, L2=6mm, L3=4.5mm, L4=5mm, L5=1.5mm , L6=2mm, L7=7mm, L`1=5mm, L`2=5mm, L`3=4mm, L`4=6.5mm, L`5=1.9mm, L`6=1.8mm, L`7=7mm).

[0035] In the particle simulation, under the conditions of diode voltage 450kV, external current 7.2kA, internal current 2.3kA, and guided magnetic field 0.5T, the external electromagnetic structure and the internal electromagnetic structure output microwave powers of 940MW and 300MW respectively, and the power conversion efficiency is 29% and 29% respectively. The two-way HPM output frequency is the same, both are 30.41GHz, and the output phase difference is stable at 16°. From the above results, it can be seen that the present invention reasonably utilizes the internal structure of the relativistic Cherenkov oscillator with a large over-mode ratio, so that its magnetic field utilization rate is further improved, and the output of the two-way co-frequency phase-locked HPM also makes it possible for the high-frequency band RCO to output higher power.

[0036] See also Figure 5 It can be seen that when t=25ns, the internal and external electron beams of the device have been well clustered.

[0037] See also Figure 6 It can be seen that the frequency of microwaves output by the external electromagnetic structure of the device is 30.41 GHz, which is the same as the frequency of microwaves output by the internal electromagnetic structure.

[0038] See also Figure 7 It can be seen that the frequency of microwaves output by the internal electromagnetic structure of the device is 30.41 GHz, which is the same as the frequency of microwaves output by the external electromagnetic structure.

[0039] See also Figure 8 It can be seen that the microwave power output by the external electromagnetic structure of the device is 940MW, and the conversion efficiency is about 29%.

[0040] See also Fig. 9 It can be seen that the microwave power output by the internal electromagnetic structure of the device is 300MW and the conversion efficiency is about 29%.

[0041] See also Fig.10It can be seen that the phase difference between the two microwave outputs of the internal and external electromagnetic structures of the device is 16°, which stabilizes after 25ns.

[0042] Of course, in this preferred embodiment, other connection methods can also be used between the components, and the device structure can also be processed with other materials. The above is only a preferred implementation method of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples discussed above, and that several changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the specification, such illustration and description are merely illustrative or schematic and not restrictive. The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

[0044] By studying the drawings, the description and the claims, those skilled in the art can understand and implement variations of the disclosed embodiments when practicing the invention. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other steps or elements. The fact that certain measures are cited in mutually different dependent claims does not mean that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims do not constitute a limitation of the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking in the diode region, characterized by: The invention is composed of two sets of high-frequency structures, namely an external electromagnetic structure and an internal electromagnetic structure: the external electromagnetic structure comprises an external cathode seat (301a), an external cathode (302a), an anode outer cylinder (303a), a cut-off neck (304a), an external modulation cavity (305a), an external first slow-wave structure (306a), an external drift cavity (307a), an external second slow-wave structure (308a), an external output waveguide (309a), and a coil magnetic field (310); the internal electromagnetic structure comprises an internal cathode seat (301b), an internal cathode (302b), an internal conductor (303b), a wedge (304b), an internal modulation cavity (305b), an internal first slow-wave structure (306b), an internal drift cavity (307b), an internal second slow-wave structure (308b), and an internal output waveguide (309b); The outer cathode (302a) and the inner cathode (302b) are both thin-walled cylinders with radii of R1 and R1', respectively, and are respectively sleeved on the right ends of the outer cathode seat (301a) and the inner cathode seat (301b); the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder (303a) and the inner surface of the inner conductor (303b) both have irregular corrugations, the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder (303a) and the outer surface of the inner conductor (303b) together constitute an external electromagnetic structure, and the inner surface of the inner conductor (303b) constitutes an internal electromagnetic structure; The cutoff neck (304a) is a circular ring cavity with an outer radius of R2, an inner radius of R3, and a width of L1, satisfying R2>R3, and L1 is optimized according to the phase of the external electron beam entering the external electromagnetic structure, and is 0.5-0.7 times the working wavelength λ; the external modulation cavity (305a) is composed of two circular ring cavities in cascade: the first circular ring cavity has an outer radius of R4, an inner radius of R2, satisfying R4>R2, and a width of L2, and L2 is 0.6-0.7 times the working wavelength λ; The two annular cavities have an outer radius of R5, an inner radius of R2, satisfying R5>R4, and a width of L3, where L3 is 0.4-0.5 times the working wavelength λ; the outer modulation cavity (305a) and the outer first slow-wave structure (306a) are connected by an annular cavity with an outer radius of R2, an inner radius of R3, and a width of L4, where L4 is 0.4-0.6 times the working wavelength λ; the portion of the outer first slow-wave structure (306a) located on the outer surface of the inner conductor (303b) is a disk with a radius of R6, located at the anode The inner surface of the outer cylinder (303a) is composed of five annular cavities with an outer radius R7, an inner radius R2, and a width L5, and four disks with a radius R2 and a width L6, satisfying R7>R2, L5 is 1mm-1.6mm, and L6 is 1.5mm-2.5mm; the outer drift cavity (307a) is an annular cavity with an outer radius R2, an inner radius R6, and a width L7, and L7 is 0.6-0.8 times the working wavelength λ; the outer second slow wave structure (30 8a) the portion located on the outer surface of the inner conductor (303b) is a disk with a radius of R6, the portion located on the inner surface of the anode outer cylinder (303a) is composed of seven annular cavities with an outer radius of R7, an inner radius of R2, and a width of L5, and seven disks with a radius of R2 and a width of L6; the outer output waveguide (309a) is a circular waveguide with an outer radius of R7 and an inner radius of R6, and a length of 3-5 times the working wavelength λ; the coil magnetic field (310) is sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder (303a); The wedge (304b) is a truncated cone-shaped cavity with a lower base radius of R'2, an upper base radius of R'3, and a height of L'1. L'1 is optimized according to the phase of the inner electron beam entering the internal electromagnetic structure and is set to be 0.5-0.6 times the working wavelength λ. The wedge (304b) and the inner modulation cavity (305b) are connected by a cylindrical cavity with a radius of R'3 and a width of L'2. L'2 is optimized according to the phase of the inner electron beam entering the internal electromagnetic structure and is set to be the working wavelength. The inner modulation cavity (305b) is a cylindrical cavity with an outer radius of R`4, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`3, satisfying R`2>R`4>R`3, and L`3 is 0.3-0.5 times the working wavelength λ; the inner modulation cavity (305b) and the inner first slow-wave structure (306b) are connected by a cylindrical cavity with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`4, and L`4 is 0.5-0.7 times the working wavelength λ; the inner first The slow-wave structure (306b) is located on the inner surface of the inner conductor (303b) and is composed of three annular cavities with an outer radius of R`5, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`5, and three disks with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`6, satisfying R`4>R`5>R`3, L`5 is 1.5mm-1.9mm, and L`6 is 1.5mm-1.9mm; the inner drift cavity (307b) is an outer radius of R`6, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`6. 7, satisfies R`4>R`6>R`5, and L`7 is 0.7-0.9 times the working wavelength λ; the inner second slow-wave structure (308b) located on the inner surface of the inner conductor (303b) is composed of eight circular cavities with an outer radius of R`5, an inner radius of R`3, and a width of L`5, and eight disks with a radius of R`3 and a width of L`6; the inner output waveguide (309b) is a circular waveguide with a radius of R`3 and a length of 3-5 times the working wavelength λ.

2. The relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locked phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wall thickness of the outer cathode (302a) and the inner cathode (302b) is 1 mm.

3. The relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer cathode seat (301a), the inner cathode seat (301b), the anode outer cylinder (303a), and the inner conductor (303b) are made of non-magnetic stainless steel material, the outer cathode (302a) and the inner cathode (302b) are made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper foil plate material, and the coil magnetic field (310) is wound with enameled copper wire or glass fiber coated copper wire.

4. The relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on diode region radio frequency mutual coupling and frequency locking according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The working frequency is 30.41GHz, and the corresponding dimensions of the diode area RF mutual coupling and frequency-locked high-power microwave relativistic Cherenkov oscillator are designed as follows: R1=32.5mm, R2=36mm, R3=30mm, R4=38mm, R5=41mm, R6=27.5mm, R7=37.5mm, R`1=20.5mm, R`2=28mm, R`3=23mm, R`4=26 mm, R`5=24.3mm, R`6=25mm, R`7=24.5mm, L1=6.5mm, L2=6mm, L3=4.5mm, L4=5mm, L5=1.5mm, L6=2mm, L7=7mm, L`1=5mm, L`2=5mm, L`3=4mm, L`4=6.5mm, L`5=1.9mm, L`6=1.8mm, L`7=7mm.

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