A cellular radiative wireless charging method

Abstract

This invention relates to a cellular radiating wireless charging method, comprising: Step 1, informing the user terminal in advance whether the base station has power transmission capability based on the downlink synchronization protocol reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability; Step 2, designing a corresponding protocol program through frequency hopping technology between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability to uniquely determine the power transmission frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal; Step 3, improving power transmission efficiency through a measurement feedback scheme optimized for power transmission efficiency between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability. This invention adds a power transmission flag carried by SIB1 signaling in the signaling interaction between the base station and the user terminal, informing the user terminal in advance whether the base station has power transmission capability, and introduces a user-oriented power transmission method based on a frequency hopping mechanism to dynamically adjust power transmission time and frequency resources, preventing illegal power theft and improving power transmission efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology; more specifically, it relates to a cellular radiating wireless charging method. Technical Background

[0002] Traditional power transmission methods rely on wire connections, but with the continuous improvement of social electrification, the demand for more flexible and convenient wireless power transmission technologies is increasing. Wireless power transmission can transfer energy without physical contact between the power source and the device, and is therefore receiving more and more attention.

[0003] Wireless power transfer mainly falls into two categories. The first is electromagnetic induction coupling, which is based on electromagnetic induction. At the transmitting end, "electricity generates magnetism," and at the receiving end, "magnetism generates electricity." Although electromagnetic induction coupling can output high power and has high transmission efficiency, it is suitable for short-distance charging and cannot achieve long-distance charging. Therefore, this technology is difficult to widely promote in cellular networks. The second is microwave radiation. Microwave wireless power transfer systems mainly consist of a transmitting antenna system and a receiving rectifier antenna system. The transmitting antenna system converts DC energy into radio frequency energy and radiates it into free space. The receiving rectifier antenna collects radio frequency energy signals from the surrounding environment, then converts the radio frequency energy signals back into DC energy signals before supplying them to subsequent loads. Microwave radiation power transfer can achieve long-distance power transmission and has shown very broad application prospects in many fields.

[0004] In recent years, the application of wireless power transfer in cellular networks has become a key research focus in academia. However, due to the long distance between base stations and user terminals and the complexity of channels in cellular networks, microwave radiation is considered a more suitable power transfer solution. Furthermore, power transfer services differ from traditional communication services; power transfer user terminals do not need to connect to base stations without power transfer capabilities. To ensure the smooth operation of power transfer services, base stations need to provide user terminals with power transfer support information before initial access.

[0005] On the one hand, although both energy transmission signals and communication signals transmit electromagnetic waves, energy transmission signals transmit energy, the differentiation between multiple users in energy transmission signals is fundamentally different from that in communication signals. Communication signals can achieve communication only with the target user through specific scrambling codes, while energy transmission signal receivers only perform analog rectification on the collected microwave signals without digital operations, making it impossible to differentiate between multiple users through scrambling. If microwave energy transmission is directly sent to user terminals, it poses a risk of the energy being collected by unauthorized users. Therefore, it is necessary to implement targeted energy transmission from the base station to the target user to prevent other users from illegally collecting energy, thus solving the "electricity theft" problem.

[0006] On the other hand, the time-varying characteristics of cellular network channels limit the efficiency of microwave radiative wireless power transfer. Compared to wireless communication, power transfer systems are more sensitive to path loss. While wireless communication can compensate for path loss through digital processing, power transfer signals undergo direct analog rectification, meaning the receiver only receives the actual transmitted energy without compensation. Therefore, microwave power transfer relies on channel stability, and the time-varying nature of the channel causes changes in its frequency characteristics, thus reducing the power transfer efficiency of fixed frequency bands. As channel conditions dynamically change, energy transmission attenuation may occur in some frequency bands, affecting the overall power transfer effect. Therefore, fixed-frequency band power transfer methods face significant efficiency losses due to the frequency characteristics of time-varying channels.

[0007] Furthermore, the existing Qi wireless charging protocol only considers basic processes such as user identification, charging information reporting, and safety detection. However, these protocols do not consider directional power transfer to long-distance target users and...

[0008] The issue of channel time-varying characteristics necessitates the development of a charging protocol suitable for long-distance microwave radiative power transfer, thereby addressing the shortcomings of existing protocols in long-distance power transfer applications.

[0009] In summary, the present invention addresses the following issues in the prior art:

[0010] In cellular networks, user terminals need to obtain information as early as possible about whether the base station supports power transmission, but this information is not currently included in broadcast information. In cellular networks, dense user networks place higher demands on the directional transmission capability of power transmission signals to target users, but there is currently no effective method to solve the problems of directional energy transmission to target users and preventing unauthorized users from illegally obtaining energy. In cellular networks, the channel between the base station and user terminals is time-varying, and its frequency domain characteristics are very complex and variable. If the power transmission signal is transmitted only in certain frequency bands, it may lead to low average transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the time and frequency resources for power transmission through reasonable protocol design to ensure efficient power transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a cellular radiating wireless charging method.

[0012] The cellular radiative wireless charging method includes:

[0013] Step 1. Based on the downlink synchronization protocol reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability, add information carried by SIB1. Based on the information carried by SIB1, inform the user terminal in advance of the base station's power transmission capability information.

[0014] Step 2. The power-transferring user terminal and the base station with power-transfer capability use a frequency-hopping technical approach to design a corresponding protocol program to uniquely determine the power-transfer frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal.

[0015] Step 3. The user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability design a corresponding protocol program based on the measurement feedback scheme optimized for power transmission efficiency to improve power transmission efficiency. The base station transmits reference signals to the user terminal at frequency points within the frequency band to be transmitted. After measurement, the user terminal reports the channel frequency domain characteristics information within its own power transmission support frequency band to the base station. The base station selects a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for power transmission based on the channel frequency domain characteristics.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 1, the protocol used in the downlink synchronization process between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power-transmitting capability is TS 38.331.

[0017] Further, in step 1, the specific protocol procedure reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power-transmitting capability includes:

[0018] During downlink synchronization, a power transmission function indicator bit is added to the system message SIB1 sent by the base station to indicate whether the base station has power transmission capability.

[0019] The user terminal and the base station perform a regular random access procedure for communication.

[0020] User terminals and base stations perform the standard authentication process (Identity / Authentication / Security) for communication.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2, the specific protocol program designed based on the frequency hopping technical approach includes:

[0022] The base station sends an assistance message to the user terminal, which includes time and frequency resource allocation information carried by the power frequency hopping code;

[0023] The user terminal reports an assistance message response to the base station to ensure that the user terminal and the base station's transmit and receive frequency hopping sequences are aligned;

[0024] Based on the assistance message, the base station initiates power transfer to the user terminal;

[0025] Furthermore, in step 3, the specific protocol procedure for designing the measurement feedback scheme based on energy transfer efficiency optimization includes:

[0026] The user terminal sends a power transfer request to the base station;

[0027] The base station sends channel measurements to the user terminal, which include reference signals used to measure the channel frequency characteristics within the power transmission band.

[0028] The user terminal reports the power transmission configuration to the base station, which includes power configuration information, the power transmission frequency bands supported by the user terminal equipment, and the channel status information of the power transmission frequency bands.

[0029] User terminals dynamically report charging status to the base station. The base station periodically sends reference signals, enabling user terminals to update and report slowly time-varying channel frequency characteristics. User terminals also need to dynamically report information such as the required charging power time and the current energy transmission frequency efficiency.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 1, the step of informing the user terminal base station of its power transmission capability information in advance based on the information added to SIB1 bearers includes the following specific steps:

[0031] Step 1.1 Indicate whether the user terminal base station has power transmission capability by adding a cell power transmission flag;

[0032] Step 1.2 If the cell power transmission flag exists, it means that the base station supports power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs can access the base station; if the cell power transmission flag does not exist, it means that the base station does not support power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs do not need to access the base station.

[0033] Furthermore, in step 2, the specific steps for uniquely determining the power transmission frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal through frequency hopping include:

[0034] Step 2.1 The user terminal reports to the base station the power transmission frequency band and frequency domain channel measurement information supported by its hardware;

[0035] Step 2.2 The base station generates a frequency hopping pattern based on the frequency band range and channel measurement results uploaded by the user terminal, and generates a frequency hopping code based on the generated frequency hopping pattern, and sends the frequency hopping code to the user terminal;

[0036] Step 2.3 After receiving the frequency hopping code, the user terminal decodes the frequency hopping pattern from Step 2.2, prepares for power reception, and replies with response information to the base station.

[0037] Further, in step 3, the measurement feedback scheme based on power transmission efficiency optimization, and the designed protocol flow, involve the base station transmitting a reference signal to the user terminal at a frequency point within the frequency band to be transmitted. After measurement, the user terminal reports its own channel frequency domain characteristics within the frequency band it supports to the base station. The base station selects a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for power transmission based on the channel frequency domain characteristics. Specifically, this includes:

[0038] Step 3.1 Before the power transfer begins, after receiving the power transfer request reported by the user terminal, the base station sends a pilot signal in the power transfer frequency band and waits for the user terminal to report the measurement results to the base station.

[0039] Step 3.2 After receiving the pilot signal, the user terminal measures the pilot signal strength of each power transmission frequency band and reports the measurement results to the base station;

[0040] Step 3.3 The base station determines the power transmission frequency band and generates a frequency hopping code based on the measurement results reported by the user terminal;

[0041] After power transmission begins in step 3.4, the base station periodically sends reference signals, the user terminal updates and reports the channel frequency characteristics, and the base station generates a new frequency hopping code.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies in this field, the cellular radiative wireless charging method described in this invention has the following superior technical effects:

[0043] 1. The cellular radiating wireless charging method of the present invention adds a power transmission flag carried by SIB1 signaling to the signaling interaction between the base station and the user terminal, thereby informing the user terminal in advance whether the base station has power transmission capability.

[0044] 2. The cellular radiative wireless charging method of the present invention introduces a target user directional power transfer method based on a frequency hopping mechanism. The base station generates a frequency hopping code based on the frequency domain channel information reported by the user terminal to uniquely determine the power transfer frequency band, thereby preventing unauthorized users from stealing energy and ensuring directional power transfer to long-distance target users in the cellular network.

[0045] 3. The cellular radiative wireless charging method of the present invention also provides a measurement feedback scheme for optimizing energy transfer efficiency. Based on the feedback from the user terminal on the channel characteristics of the energy transfer frequency band, the base station selects the optimal frequency band for efficient energy transfer and further improves energy transfer efficiency by dynamically adjusting time and frequency resources. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the protocol for wireless power transmission-related signaling interaction between the cellular network base station and the user terminal in the cellular radial wireless charging method of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the power transfer frequency hopping pattern of the cellular network base station in the cellular radial wireless charging method of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power transfer frequency hopping pattern of the user terminal in the cellular radiative wireless charging method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Figures 1 to 3 The following provides supplementary explanations regarding the technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] Example

[0051] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the cellular radiating wireless charging method includes:

[0052] Step 1. Based on the downlink synchronization protocol TS 38.331 reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability, add information carried by SIB1. Based on the information carried by SIB1, inform the user terminal in advance of the base station's power transmission capability information.

[0053] Step 2. The power-transferring user terminal and the base station with power-transfer capability use a frequency-hopping technical approach to design a corresponding protocol program to uniquely determine the power-transfer frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal.

[0054] Step 3. The user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability design a corresponding protocol program based on the measurement feedback scheme optimized for power transmission efficiency to improve power transmission efficiency. The base station transmits reference signals to the user terminal at frequency points within the frequency band to be transmitted. After measurement, the user terminal reports the channel frequency domain characteristics information within its own power transmission support frequency band to the base station. The base station selects a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for power transmission based on the channel frequency domain characteristics.

[0055] As a specific step in an embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific protocol reached between the power transmission user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability in step 1 is TS 38.331;

[0056] During cell search, the SIB1 message sent by the base station adds a power transmission function indicator bit to indicate whether the base station has power transmission capability.

[0057] The user terminal and the base station perform a regular random access procedure for communication.

[0058] User terminals and base stations perform the standard authentication process (Identity / Authentication / Security) for communication.

[0059] The user terminal sends a power transfer request to the base station;

[0060] The base station sends channel measurements to the user terminal, which include reference signals used to measure the channel frequency characteristics within the power transmission band.

[0061] The user terminal reports the power transmission configuration to the base station, which includes power configuration information, the power transmission frequency bands supported by the user terminal equipment, and the channel status information of the power transmission frequency bands.

[0062] The base station sends an assistance message to the user terminal, which includes time and frequency resource allocation information carried by the power frequency hopping code;

[0063] The user terminal reports an assistance message response to the base station.

[0064] Ensure that the transmit and receive frequency hopping sequences of the user terminal and the base station are aligned;

[0065] Based on the assistance message, the base station transmits power to the user terminal.

[0066] User terminals dynamically report charging status to the base station. The base station periodically sends reference signals, enabling user terminals to update and report slowly time-varying channel frequency characteristics. User terminals also need to dynamically report information such as the required charging power time and the current energy transmission frequency efficiency.

[0067] As a specific step in the embodiment, step 1, which involves randomly accessing and informing the user terminal of the base station's power transmission capability information in advance based on the information added to SIB1 bearer, specifically includes:

[0068] Step 1.1 Indicate whether the user terminal base station has power transmission capability by adding a cell power transmission flag;

[0069] Step 1.2 If the cell power transmission flag exists, it means that the base station supports power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs can access the base station; if the cell power transmission flag does not exist, it means that the base station does not support power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs do not need to access the base station.

[0070] As a specific step in an embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, step 2, which uses frequency hopping to uniquely determine the power transmission frequency band for the base station and legitimate user terminals, specifically includes:

[0071] Step 2.1 The user terminal reports to the base station the power transmission frequency band and frequency domain channel measurement information supported by its hardware;

[0072] Step 2.2 The base station generates a frequency band range and channel measurement results uploaded by the user terminal. Figure 2 The frequency hopping pattern is shown, and a frequency hopping code is generated based on the generated frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping code is then sent to the user terminal.

[0073] Step 2.3 After receiving the frequency hopping code, the user terminal decodes it. Figure 3 The frequency hopping pattern shown indicates that the device should be ready to receive power and should reply with a response message to the base station.

[0074] As a specific step in the embodiment, step 3 involves the base station transmitting a reference signal to the user terminal via a frequency point within the frequency band to be transmitted. After measurement, the user terminal reports its own channel frequency domain characteristics within the frequency band it supports to the base station. The base station then selects a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for transmission based on the channel frequency domain characteristics. Specifically, this includes:

[0075] Step 3.1 Before the power transfer begins, after receiving the power transfer request reported by the user terminal, the base station sends a pilot signal in the power transfer frequency band and waits for the user terminal to report the measurement results to the base station.

[0076] Step 3.2 After receiving the pilot signal, the user terminal measures the pilot signal strength of each power transmission frequency band and reports the measurement results to the base station;

[0077] Step 3.3 The base station determines the power transmission frequency band and generates a frequency hopping code based on the measurement results reported by the user terminal;

[0078] After power transmission begins in step 3.4, the base station periodically sends reference signals, the user terminal updates and reports the channel frequency characteristics, and the base station generates a new frequency hopping code.

[0079] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cellular radiative wireless charging method, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Based on the downlink synchronization protocol reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability, add information carried by SIB1. Based on the information carried by SIB1, inform the user terminal in advance of the base station's power transmission capability information. Step 2. The power-transferring user terminal and the base station with power-transfer capability use a frequency-hopping technical approach to design a corresponding protocol program to uniquely determine the power-transfer frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal. Step 3. The user terminal and the base station with power transmission capability design a corresponding protocol program based on the measurement feedback scheme optimized for power transmission efficiency to improve power transmission efficiency. The base station transmits reference signals to the user terminal at frequency points within the frequency band to be transmitted. After measurement, the user terminal reports the channel frequency domain characteristics information within its own power transmission support frequency band to the base station. The base station selects a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for power transmission based on the channel frequency domain characteristics.

2. According to the cellular radiating wireless charging method of claim 1, in step 1, the protocol in the downlink synchronization process between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power-transmitting capability is TS 38.

331.

3. The cellular radiating wireless charging method according to claim 1, wherein step 1, the procedure based on the protocol reached between the power-transmitting user terminal and the base station with power-transmitting capability, includes: During downlink synchronization, a power transmission function indicator bit is added to the system message SIB1 sent by the base station to indicate whether the base station has power transmission capability. The user terminal and the base station perform a normal random access communication process. The user terminal and the base station perform the normal authentication process for communication.

4. In the cellular radiating wireless charging method according to claim 1, step 2, the specific protocol program designed based on the frequency hopping technical approach, includes: The base station sends auxiliary information to the user terminal, which includes time and frequency resource allocation information carried by the power frequency hopping code; The user terminal reports auxiliary information to the base station to ensure that the user terminal and the base station are aligned in the frequency hopping sequence; Based on auxiliary information, the base station transmits energy to the user terminal.

5. The cellular radiative wireless charging method according to claim 1, in step 3, the specific protocol program for the measurement feedback scheme design based on energy transfer efficiency optimization includes: The user terminal sends an energy transfer request to the base station; The base station sends a reference signal to the user terminal to measure the channel frequency characteristics within the power transmission band; The user terminal reports the power transmission configuration to the base station, which includes power configuration information, the power transmission frequency band supported by the user terminal equipment, and the channel status information of the power transmission frequency band. The user terminal dynamically reports the charging status to the base station. The base station periodically sends reference signals, enabling the user terminal to update and report the slowly time-varying channel frequency characteristics. The user terminal also needs to dynamically report the required charging power time and the current energy transmission frequency efficiency information.

6. The cellular radiating wireless charging method according to claim 1, in step 1, the step of informing the user terminal base station of its power transmission capability information in advance based on the information carried by the added SIB1, specifically includes: Step 1.1 Indicate whether the user terminal base station has power transmission capability by adding a cell power transmission flag; Step 1.2 If the cell power transmission flag is present, it means that the base station supports power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs can access the base station; if the cell power transmission flag is not present, it means that the base station does not support power transmission and user terminals with power transmission needs do not need to access the base station.

7. In the cellular radiating wireless charging method according to claim 1, step 2, which involves uniquely determining the power transmission frequency band of the base station and the legitimate user terminal through a frequency hopping technique, specifically includes the following steps: Step 2.1 The user terminal reports to the base station the power transmission frequency band and frequency domain channel measurement information supported by its hardware; Step 2.2 The base station generates a frequency hopping pattern based on the frequency band range and channel measurement results uploaded by the user terminal, and generates a frequency hopping code based on the generated frequency hopping pattern, and sends the frequency hopping code to the user terminal; Step 2.3 After receiving the frequency hopping code, the user terminal decodes the frequency hopping pattern from Step 2, prepares for power reception, and replies with response information to the base station.

8. According to the cellular radiative wireless charging method of claim 1, in step 3, the measurement feedback scheme based on energy transfer efficiency optimization, the designed protocol flow, involves the base station transmitting a reference signal to the user terminal at a frequency point within the frequency band to be transferred, the user terminal measuring and then reporting the channel frequency domain characteristics information within its own energy transfer support frequency band to the base station, and the base station selecting a frequency band with high transmission efficiency for energy transfer based on the channel frequency domain characteristics, specifically including: Step 3.1 Before the power transfer begins, after receiving the power transfer request reported by the user terminal, the base station sends a pilot signal in the power transfer frequency band and waits for the user terminal to report the measurement results to the base station. Step 3.2 After receiving the pilot signal, the user terminal measures the pilot signal strength of each power transmission frequency band and reports the measurement results to the base station; Step 3.3 The base station determines the power transmission frequency band and generates a frequency hopping code based on the measurement results reported by the user terminal; After power transmission begins in step 3.4, the base station periodically sends reference signals, the user terminal updates and reports the channel frequency characteristics, and the base station generates a new frequency hopping code.

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