Pesticide synergistic composition and use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a pesticide synergistic composition which comprises flonicamid, spirotetramat and mannitol, and the weight ratio of the flonicamid, the spirotetramat and the mannitol is 1:(0.1-10):(0.05-10). The pesticide synergistic composition can be used for preventing and treating various pests on cereal crops, fruit trees and vegetables, can reduce the pesticide dosage, reduce the pesticide residue on crops, and is worth popularization and application in agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pesticides, specifically relating to a pesticide synergistic composition and its application, particularly to a pesticide composition comprising flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol. Background Technology

[0002] Sulfoxaflor, a new sulfonamide insecticide for controlling sap-sucking pests, was announced by Dow AgroSciences at the World Pesticides Conference held in London, UK on November 2, 2010. It acts on the insect's nervous system (a unique binding site within cholinergic receptors) and is absorbed into the plant through leaves, stems, and roots. It is characterized by high efficiency, broad spectrum, safety, rapid action, and long residual effect. It is used to control various piercing-sucking pests such as aphids, mirid bugs, stink bugs, whiteflies, scale insects, planthoppers, certain psyllids, and thrips on cotton, rapeseed, fruit trees, soybeans, fruits, small grains, vegetables, rice, lawns, and ornamental plants. It is effective against piercing-sucking pests resistant to neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates, making it a preferred agent for integrated pest management.

[0003] Spirotetramat is one of the most potent systemic insecticides available to date, characterized by its high efficacy and broad spectrum. It is effective against various piercing-sucking pests, such as aphids, thrips, psyllids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and scale insects. Major crops suitable for its application include cotton, soybeans, citrus, tropical fruit trees, nuts, grapes, hops, potatoes, and vegetables. Studies have shown that it exhibits good selectivity against important beneficial insects such as ladybugs, hoverflies, and parasitic wasps.

[0004] Mannitol is a sugar alcohol, an isomer of sorbitol. In medicine, mannitol is a good diuretic, used to lower intracranial and intraocular pressure, and in the treatment of kidney disease. It is also used as a dehydrating agent, a sugar substitute, an excipient in tablets, and a diluent for solids and liquids. In the food industry, it is used to prevent sticking in maltose, chewing gum, and rice cakes, and as an anti-sticking powder in general pastries. In agriculture, it promotes the relaxation of plant cell walls, increases cell membrane permeability, promotes plant physiological metabolism, and promotes root growth and absorption.

[0005] Those skilled in the art know that whether a pesticide composition produces a synergistic effect is unpredictable. During the research process, the applicant unexpectedly discovered that mannitol can have a synergistic effect on a pesticide composition combining flonicamid and spirotetramat, and based on this discovery, the present invention was completed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pesticide synergistic composition that can be more effective in killing insects and can correspondingly reduce the amount of pesticide used.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the pesticide synergistic composition of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A pesticide synergistic composition comprising flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol, wherein the weight ratio of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol is 1:(0.1-10):(0.05-10).

[0009] A second aspect of the present invention provides a pesticide formulation comprising the above-described pesticide synergistic composition and pesticide adjuvant of the present invention. The pesticide formulation can be processed into a suitable pesticide formulation.

[0010] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the application of the pesticide synergistic composition and pesticide formulation of the present invention in the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests.

[0011] Beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. The pesticide synergistic composition of the present invention has a significant synergistic effect.

[0013] 2. The main active ingredients in the pesticide synergistic composition of the present invention have different mechanisms of action. The combined use can prevent pests from developing pesticide resistance. In particular, mannitol can further enhance the insecticidal effect of the main insecticidal active ingredients flonicamid and spirotetramat, which is beneficial to extending the service life of pesticide active ingredients. At the same time, the use of mannitol is also more environmentally friendly.

[0014] 3. The pesticide synergistic composition of the present invention has low dosage, good control effect, and is safe for crops. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is illustrated by the following specific embodiments, but the invention is by no means limited to these examples. The following descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are used only to explain the invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0016] Unless otherwise specified, all components listed below are weight percentages. Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises," etc., shall be understood to include the stated components or constituent parts, without excluding other components or other constituent parts. Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description of the invention for better illustration.

[0017] Unless otherwise specified in this invention, percentage content refers to weight percentage content.

[0018] Specifically, the present invention first provides a pesticide synergistic composition comprising flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol, wherein the weight ratio of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol is 1:(0.1-10):(0.05-10); preferably 1:(0.1-5):(0.05-2), and particularly preferably 1:(0.5-2):(0.1-1).

[0019] Studies have found that mannitol has a better effect when the weight ratio of flonicamid and spirotetramat is within the above range, and the synergistic effect is not obvious when the ratio exceeds the above range.

[0020] This invention also provides a pesticide formulation comprising the pesticide synergistic composition and pesticide adjuvant described above, preferably in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-30). The pesticide formulation can be prepared into a suitable formulation, preferably a suspension concentrate, water-dispersible granules, or dispersible oil suspension. The content of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol in the pesticide formulation is 1-95%, preferably 5-80%.

[0021] During the formulation process of the composition of the present invention, appropriate adjuvants are added as needed. The types of adjuvant components can be selected from a wide range. Optionally, the adjuvants include one or more of wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, binders, solvents, and disintegrants.

[0022] The solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, n-butanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent oil, and methyl oleate.

[0023] The wetting and dispersing agent is selected from one or more of alkyl glycosides, tallow amine adjuvants, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium lauryl sulfate.

[0024] The emulsifier is selected from one or more of the following: calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, styrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, sorbitan trioleate, glyceryl monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and castor oil polyoxyethylene ether.

[0025] The dispersant is selected from one or more of the following: polyoxyethylene block copolymer, methyl acrylate polymer, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol ether monooleate, and sodium diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonate.

[0026] The disintegrant is selected from one or more of sodium carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.

[0027] The antifreeze is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, urea, sorbitol, and sodium chloride.

[0028] The defoamer is selected from polyether defoamers and / or silicone defoamers.

[0029] The binder is selected from one or more of sucrose, maltose, PVA, dextrin, and starch.

[0030] When the pesticide composition is in the form of a soluble concentrate, the auxiliary components include wetting and dispersing agents, antifreeze agents, and water.

[0031] Preferably, the water content of the pesticide composition is 30-70% by weight, and optionally 30-60%.

[0032] The wetting and dispersing agent accounts for 5-30% by weight of the pesticide composition, optionally 10-25%.

[0033] The antifreeze accounts for 1-15% of the pesticide composition by weight, optionally 2-8%.

[0034] When the pesticide composition is in the form of soluble granules, the auxiliary components include wetting agents, binders, and disintegrants.

[0035] Preferably, the wetting agent accounts for 1-15% by weight of the pesticide composition, optionally 5-10%; the binder accounts for 0.5-20% by weight of the pesticide composition, optionally 1-15%; and the disintegrant accounts for 20-60% by weight of the pesticide composition, optionally 25-55%.

[0036] This invention also provides the application of the pesticide synergistic composition and / or pesticide formulation of this invention in the control of crop pests. The crop is one of cereal crops, fruit trees, or vegetables, preferably one of cotton, wheat, rapeseed, potato, rice, cabbage, tomato, hops, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cucumber, peach, grape, citrus, apple, eggplant, onion, watermelon, lettuce, soybean, potato, pepper, strawberry, gourd, cabbage, banana, mango, citrus, pear, and stone fruit. The pests mentioned are psyllids, aphids, stink bugs, thrips, whiteflies, scale insects, planthoppers, pear psyllids, scale insects, spider mites, rice leaf rollers, rice gall midges, rice stem borers, beet armyworms, mealybugs, cottony cushion scale, cicadas, horseradish leaf beetles, spider mites, broad-necked mites, spiny gall mites, diamondback moths, beet armyworms, yellow-striped flea beetles, small green leafhoppers, root maggots, armyworms, or nematodes, with aphids being the preferred species.

[0037] Furthermore, the pesticide composition of the present invention may also contain other agricultural active ingredients, including but not limited to other fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, safeners, synergists, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, biostimulants, etc.

[0038] Furthermore, the pesticide composition of the present invention can be provided in the form of a finished formulation, i.e., the substances in the composition are already mixed, or it can be provided in the form of a single agent, which is directly mixed in a bucket or can before use and then diluted to the required concentration.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0040] (I) Formulation Examples

[0041] Example 1: 10% flonicamid + 10% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol suspension

[0042] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 10 parts by weight of flonicamid, 10 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0043] Example 2: 10% flonicamid + 10% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol suspension based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 10 parts by weight of flonicamid, 10 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight of water.

[0044] Example 3: 2% flonicamid + 3% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol suspension

[0045] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 2 parts by weight of flonicamid, 3 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 2 parts by weight of sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene glycerol monofatty acid ester, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 2 parts by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.2 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0046] Example 4: 2% flonicamid + 3% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol suspension

[0047] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 2 parts by weight of flonicamid, 3 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 2 parts by weight of sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene glycerol monofatty acid ester, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 2 parts by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.2 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0048] Example 5: 25% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol water-dispersible granules. Based on a pesticide composition of 100 parts by weight: 25 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin to make up to 100 parts by weight. The above components were mixed and granulated to obtain water-dispersible granules.

[0049] Example 6: 25% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol water-dispersible granules. Based on a pesticide composition of 100 parts by weight: 25 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin to make up to 100 parts by weight. The above components were mixed and granulated to obtain water-dispersible granules.

[0050] Example 7: 15% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol dispersible oil suspension based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: 15 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 15 parts by weight of aliphatic polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 5 parts by weight of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3 parts by weight of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 3 parts by weight of phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 3 parts by weight of fumed silica, 1 part by weight of organobentonite, and methyl oleate to make up to 100 parts by weight.

[0051] Example 8: 15% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol dispersible oil suspension based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: 15 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 15 parts by weight of aliphatic polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 5 parts by weight of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3 parts by weight of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 3 parts by weight of phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 3 parts by weight of fumed silica, 1 part by weight of organobentonite, and methyl oleate to make up to 100 parts by weight.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: 10% Flupyradifurone + 10% Spirotetramat Suspension Concentrate. Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: 10 parts by weight of flupyradifurone, 10 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and water to make up to 100 parts by weight.

[0053] Comparative Example 2: 10% flonicamid + 10% spirotetramat + 0.2% mannitol suspension, based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: 10 parts by weight of flonicamid, 10 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 0.2 parts by weight of mannitol, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and water to make up to 100 parts by weight.

[0054] Comparative Example 3: 2% flonicamid + 3% spirotetramat + 25% mannitol suspension

[0055] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 2 parts by weight of flonicamid, 3 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 25 parts by weight of mannitol, 2 parts by weight of sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene glycerol monofatty acid ester, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0056] Comparative Example 4: 2% flonicamid + 3% spirotetramat suspension.

[0057] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 2 parts by weight of flonicamid, 3 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 2 parts by weight of sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene glycerol monofatty acid ester, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 2 parts by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.2 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0058] Comparative Example 5: 15% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat dispersible oil suspension

[0059] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 15 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 15 parts by weight of aliphatic polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 5 parts by weight of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3 parts by weight of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 3 parts by weight of phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 3 parts by weight of fumed silica, 1 part by weight of organobentonite, and methyl oleate to make up to 100 parts by weight.

[0060] Comparative Example 6: 25% flonicamid + 15% spirotetramat water-dispersible granules

[0061] Based on 100 parts by weight of a pesticide composition: 25 parts by weight of flonicamid, 15 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin clay to make up to 100 parts by weight. The above components are mixed and granulated to obtain water-dispersible granules.

[0062] Comparative Example 7: 1% flonicamid + 29% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol water-dispersible granules

[0063] Based on a pesticide composition of 100 parts by weight: 1 part by weight of flonicamid, 29 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin clay to make up to 100 parts by weight. Mix the above components and granulate to obtain a water-dispersible granule.

[0064] Comparative Example 8: 29% flonicamid + 1% spirotetramat + 10% mannitol water-dispersible granules

[0065] Based on a pesticide composition of 100 parts by weight: 29 parts by weight of flonicamid, 1 part by weight of spirotetramat, 10 parts by weight of mannitol, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin clay to make up to 100 parts by weight. The above components are mixed and granulated to obtain water-dispersible granules.

[0066] Comparative Example 9: 1% flonicamid + 1% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol suspension

[0067] Based on 100 parts by weight of pesticide composition: take 1 part by weight of flonicamid, 1 part by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 2 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1 part by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3 parts by weight of organosilicon defoamer, 0.1 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and make up to 100 parts by weight with water.

[0068] Comparative Example 10: 40% flonicamid + 30% spirotetramat + 5% mannitol water-dispersible granules

[0069] Based on a pesticide composition of 100 parts by weight: 40 parts by weight of flonicamid, 30 parts by weight of spirotetramat, 5 parts by weight of mannitol, 10 parts by weight of sodium p-methoxyfatty amide benzenesulfonate, 10 parts by weight of sodium oleoyl methyl taurate, 4 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 3 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and kaolin clay to make up to 100 parts by weight. Mix the above components and granulate to obtain water-dispersible granules.

[0070] Comparative Example 11: 30% Mannitol Suspension

[0071] This comparative example uses the same raw materials and preparation method as Example 2. The difference is that flonicamid and spirotetramat are replaced with an equal weight of mannitol to obtain a 30% mannitol suspension.

[0072] (II) Indoor Activity Assay

[0073] 1.1 Experiment 1: Indoor bioactivity test of flonicamid and spirotetramat against wheat aphids

[0074] 1.2 Experimental subjects: Wheat aphid nymphs of the same age and raised indoors were selected for the experiment.

[0075] 1.3 Test Methods

[0076] The test methods were based on the "Determination of Combined Effects of Mixed Pesticides" in Part 7 and Part 14 "Leaf Dipping Method" of the "Indoor Bioassay Test Guidelines for Pesticides NY / T 1154.7-2006". The indoor bioactivity of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and their different ratios in combination with the test insects was determined.

[0077] The reagents in the proportions described in Table 1 were dissolved in acetone and prepared into a series of concentrations using a 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution. Prepared wheat leaves were then immersed in the solution for 30 seconds, removed, air-dried, and placed in 10cm diameter petri dishes. Each treatment was repeated four times, with a blank control containing no reagent (containing solvent and emulsifier). Fifteen test insects were then inoculated into each dish and reared under conditions of 25℃±1℃, relative humidity 60-80%, and a photoperiod of L:D=(16:8). Results were checked after 48 hours, mortality rates were calculated, and the LC50 for each treatment was calculated. The co-toxicity coefficient of the composition at each proportion was then calculated using the co-toxicity coefficient method.

[0078] 1.4 Evaluation Criteria

[0079] Flupyradifurone was used as agent A, serving as the standard agent with a toxicity index of 100, while spirotetramat was used as agent B.

[0080] Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) = (LC50 of Standard Reagent / LC50 of Test Reagent) × 100

[0081] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = ATI of Agent A × Percentage of A in the Mixture + ATI of Agent B × Percentage of B in the Mixture

[0082] Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = [Actual toxicity index (ATI) of the mixture / Theoretical toxicity index (TTI) of the mixture] × 100

[0083] When CTC ≤ 80, the composition exhibits an antagonistic effect; when 80 < CTC < 120, the composition exhibits an additive effect; and when CTC ≥ 120, the composition exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0084] Table 1. Toxicity determination of the combination of flonicamid and spirotetramat against wheat aphids.

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The results of the indoor toxicity tests shown in Table 1 indicate that the co-toxicity coefficients of the flonicamid and spirotetramat combinations against wheat aphids were all greater than 120 within a ratio range of 40:1 to 1:40, demonstrating a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the co-toxicity coefficients of flonicamid and spirotetramat were all greater than 140 within a ratio range of 10:1 to 1:10. This indicates that flonicamid and spirotetramat have a significant synergistic effect.

[0088] 2.1 Experiment 2: Indoor biological test of the combination of flonicamid, spirotetramat and mannitol against wheat aphids

[0089] 2.2 Experimental subjects: Wheat aphid nymphs of the same age and raised indoors were selected for the experiment.

[0090] 2.3 Test Methods

[0091] The test methods were based on the "Determination of Combined Effects of Mixed Pesticides" in Part 7 and Part 14 "Leaf Dipping Method" of the "Indoor Bioassay Test Guidelines for Pesticides NY / T 1154.7-2006". The indoor bioactivity of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and their different ratios in combination with the test insects was determined.

[0092] The reagents described in Tables 2, 3, and 4 were dissolved in acetone and prepared into a series of concentrations using a 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution. Prepared wheat leaves were then immersed in the solution for 30 seconds, removed, air-dried, and placed in 10cm diameter petri dishes. Each treatment was repeated four times, with a blank control containing no reagent (containing solvent and emulsifier). Fifteen test insects were inoculated into each dish and reared under conditions of 25℃±1℃, relative humidity 60-80%, and a photoperiod of L:D = (16:8). Results were checked after 48 hours, mortality rates were calculated, and the LC50 for each treatment was calculated. The co-toxicity coefficient of the composition at each ratio was then calculated using the co-toxicity coefficient method.

[0093] 2.4 Evaluation Criteria

[0094] (1) The composition of flonicamid and spirotetramat in a weight ratio of 1:1 is used as standard agent A, with a toxicity index of 100; mannitol is used as agent B.

[0095] Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) = (LC50 of Standard Reagent / LC50 of Test Reagent) × 100

[0096] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = ATI of Agent A × Percentage of A in the Mixture + ATI of Agent B × Percentage of B in the Mixture

[0097] Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = [Actual toxicity index (ATI) of the mixture / Theoretical toxicity index (TTI) of the mixture] × 100

[0098] When CTC ≤ 80, the composition exhibits an antagonistic effect; when 80 < CTC < 120, the composition exhibits an additive effect; and when CTC ≥ 120, the composition exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0099] Table 2. Toxicity determination of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol against wheat aphids.

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] The results of the indoor toxicity tests shown in Table 2 indicate that the co-toxicity coefficients against wheat aphids were greater than 120 for the composition of (flupyradifurone + spirotetramat (1:1)) with a mannitol ratio of (1:1):1 to (1:1):10, demonstrating a synergistic effect of mannitol in the flupyradifurone and spirotetramat composition. Furthermore, the co-toxicity coefficients against wheat aphids were greater than 150 for the composition of (flupyradifurone + spirotetramat (1:1)) with a mannitol ratio of (1:1):1 to (1:1):10, indicating a more pronounced synergistic effect between the (flupyradifurone + spirotetramat) composition and mannitol.

[0103] (2) The composition of flonicamid and spirotetramat in a weight ratio of 10:1 is used as standard agent A, with a toxicity index of 100; mannitol is used as agent B.

[0104] Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) = (LC50 of Standard Reagent / LC50 of Test Reagent) × 100

[0105] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = ATI of Agent A × Percentage of A in the Mixture + ATI of Agent B × Percentage of B in the Mixture

[0106] Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = [Actual toxicity index (ATI) of the mixture / Theoretical toxicity index (TTI) of the mixture] × 100

[0107] When CTC ≤ 80, the composition exhibits an antagonistic effect; when 80 < CTC < 120, the composition exhibits an additive effect; and when CTC ≥ 120, the composition exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0108] Table 3. Toxicity determination of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol against wheat aphids.

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] The results of the indoor toxicity test shown in Table 3 indicate that the co-toxicity coefficients against wheat aphids are greater than 140 when the ratio of (flupyridine + spirotetramat (10:1)) to mannitol is (10:1):1-(10:1):10. The addition of mannitol to the flupyridine and spirotetramat composition shows a significant synergistic effect.

[0112] (3) The composition of flonicamid and spirotetramat in a weight ratio of 1:10 is used as standard agent A, with a toxicity index of 100; mannitol is used as agent B.

[0113] Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) = (LC50 of Standard Reagent / LC50 of Test Reagent) × 100

[0114] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = ATI of Agent A × Percentage of A in the Mixture + ATI of Agent B × Percentage of B in the Mixture

[0115] Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = [Actual toxicity index (ATI) of the mixture / Theoretical toxicity index (TTI) of the mixture] × 100

[0116] When CTC ≤ 80, the composition exhibits an antagonistic effect; when 80 < CTC < 120, the composition exhibits an additive effect; and when CTC ≥ 120, the composition exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0117] Table 4. Toxicity determination of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol against wheat aphids.

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] The results of the indoor toxicity test shown in Table 4 indicate that the co-toxicity coefficients against wheat aphids are greater than 140 when the ratio of (flupyridine + spirotetramat (1:10)) to mannitol is (1:10):1 to (1:10):10. The addition of mannitol to the flupyridine and spirotetramat composition shows a significant synergistic effect.

[0121] (III) Field efficacy trials

[0122] Experiment 1: Field plot experiment for the control of cabbage aphids

[0123] The experimental method followed Part 27, "Insecticide Control of Aphids on Cruciferous Vegetables," of the "Guidelines for Indoor Bioassays of Pesticides NY / T 1464.27-2010" to determine the field control efficacy of pesticide compositions against cabbage aphids. Examples 1-8 of the formulation and Examples 1-11 of the control were used for the field efficacy test against cabbage aphids, with water application serving as a blank control. The experimental site was Fengxian District, Shanghai. The tested cabbage (Hejian kohlrabi) was sown and seedlings were cultivated on April 10, 2023, with a plot area of ​​25m². 2 Foliar spraying was conducted before the third instar larvae of cabbage aphids. The spray was applied evenly to both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves until the solution was about to drip, and a single application was performed. No other insecticides were used for pest control during the experiment. Before application, five sampling points were used, with five cabbage plants sampled at each point, resulting in a fixed sample size of 20 plants per plot. The initial population was recorded. Efficacy assessments were conducted 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after application, recording the number of surviving aphids and calculating the control effect.

[0124] Calculate the insect population reduction rate and control effect using the formulas in the guidelines for pesticide field efficacy trials:

[0125] Insect population reduction rate (%) = (Number of live insects before application - Number of live insects after application) * 100 / Number of live insects before application

[0126] Control efficacy (%) = (Pest population reduction rate in the pesticide-treated area - Pest population reduction rate in the blank control area) * 100 / (100 - Pest population reduction rate in the blank control area)

[0127] Table 5: Results of field efficacy trials for controlling cabbage aphids

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] As shown in Table 5, the pesticide synergistic composition prepared by the present invention has a good control effect on aphids and a good fast-acting effect. It controls 86.76% to 91.67% of aphids 1 day after application, 90.55% to 94.97% of aphids 3 days after application, and 95.52% to 98.42% of aphids 7 days after application.

[0131] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pesticide synergistic composition, characterized in that, It includes flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol, wherein the weight ratio of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol is 1:(0.1-10):(0.1-10).

2. The pesticide synergistic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, in, The weight ratios of flonicamid, spirotetramat, and mannitol are 1:1:1, 1:1:5, 1:1:10, 10:1:1, 10:1:5, 10:1:10, 1: 10：1、1： 10:5 or 1:10:

10.

3. A pesticide formulation, characterized in that, The pesticide synergistic composition and adjuvant according to any one of claims 1-2 are contained in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-30).

4. The pesticide formulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: It can be formulated into a suitable dosage form, which is a suspension, water-dispersible granules, or a dispersible oil suspension.

5. The application of the pesticide synergistic composition according to any one of claims 1-2 and / or the pesticide formulation according to any one of claims 3-4 in the control of crop pests.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crop mentioned is one of cereal crops, fruit trees, or vegetables.

7. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crops mentioned are one of the following: cotton, wheat, rapeseed, potato, rice, cabbage, tomato, hops, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cucumber, peach, grape, citrus, apple, eggplant, onion, watermelon, lettuce, soybean, potato, pepper, strawberry, gourd, cabbage, banana, mango, citrus, pear, and stone fruit.

8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insects mentioned are psyllids, aphids, stink bugs, thrips, whiteflies, scale insects, planthoppers, pear psyllids, scale insects, spider mites, rice leaf rollers, rice gall midges, rice stem borers, beet armyworms, mealybugs, cottony cushion scale, cicadas, horseradish leaf beetles, spider mites, broad-spotted mites, spiny gall mites, diamondback moths, beet armyworms, yellow-striped flea beetles, small green leafhoppers, root maggots, armyworms, or nematodes.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The insect in question is an aphid.

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