A nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of basalt fibers, and discloses a nano-SiO2-modified basalt fiber material and a preparation method thereof. The nano-SiO2-modified basalt fiber material comprises SiO2@basalt fibers, polyamino acid composite fibers, and porous silicon particles. The polyamino acid composite fibers contain regular molecular chains formed by connecting amino acids of the same type via peptide bonds, and irregular molecular chains formed by connecting different amino acids via peptide bonds. By adding polyamino acid composite fibers between layers of basalt fiber base material, the polyamino acid composite fibers, containing both regular and irregular molecular chains, can impart good toughness and strength to the fiber material. The polyamino acid composite fibers are bonded to the basalt fiber base material via porous structure particles, thereby improving the problem of unstable and declining toughness of existing basalt fiber materials during use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of basalt fibers, and in particular to a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Basalt fiber is a continuous fiber drawn from natural basalt stone. It not only has high strength, but also has many excellent properties such as electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. It is listed as one of the four major fibers that my country focuses on developing. It is widely used in fiber-reinforced composite materials, friction materials, shipbuilding materials, thermal insulation materials, the automotive industry, high-temperature filter fabrics, and protective fields.

[0003] Modifying the surface of basalt fiber with nano-silica is an effective way to improve the performance of basalt fiber materials. For example, patent publication number CN117228974A proposes a method for grafting and modifying basalt fiber. The method involves etching basalt fiber to produce etched basalt fiber; mixing a suspension of the grafted material with a silane coupling agent solution to produce a modified solution; the grafted material in the grafted material suspension includes nano-attapulgite or nano-silica; and then mixing the resulting etched basalt fiber with the modified solution and subjecting it to a grafting reaction to produce grafted basalt fiber. Introducing materials such as nano-silica onto the surface of basalt fiber increases the roughness and effective contact area of ​​the fiber surface, thereby improving the compatibility and wettability of the basalt fiber with other materials.

[0004] However, existing nano-silica-modified basalt fiber materials, such as the aforementioned ones, have problems of poor toughness or poor toughness stability during use, which greatly affects the scope of application and further development of basalt fiber. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0006] At present, using nano-silica to modify the surface of basalt fiber is a common way to improve the performance of basalt fiber materials. However, the basalt fiber products obtained by modifying the surface of basalt fiber with nano-silica have problems of poor toughness or poor toughness stability during long-term use, which greatly affects the scope of application and further development of basalt fiber.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0008] The present invention provides a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material, comprising SiO2@basalt fiber, polyamino acid composite fiber and porous silicon particles;

[0009] The polyamino acid composite fiber contains regular molecular chains formed by connecting the same amino acids and irregular molecular chains formed by connecting different amino acids.

[0010] Preferably, the amino acids include one or more of glycine, alanine, serine and proline.

[0011] Preferably, the porous silicon particles include one or more of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, and POSS.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the porous silicon particles is 30-75 nm, and the porosity of the porous silicon particles is 40-60%.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1 Preparation of interlayer toughening material:

[0015] The polyamino acid composite fiber is mixed with porous silicon particles, epoxy resin and curing agent, and heated and impregnated to obtain an interlayer toughening material;

[0016] S2 prepares the nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material:

[0017] The interlayer toughening material is laid on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot, and hot-pressed and composited to obtain the nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the method for preparing the polyamino acid composite fiber comprises the following steps:

[0019] Polyethylene glycol and isocyanate are mixed, a catalyst is added, and the mixture is reacted to obtain a prepolymer; polyamino acid ester and an organic solvent are then added to the prepolymer, mixed and reacted, a precipitate is precipitated, and the mixture is spun to obtain the polyamino acid composite fiber.

[0020] Preferably, in step S1, the heating and dipping temperature is 100-120°C.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the method for preparing the basalt fiber base material comprises the following steps:

[0022] Basalt fiber is placed in an acidic environment for surface activation treatment and hydrochloric acid etching; the etched basalt fiber is placed in a mesoporous silica composite liquid and heated and impregnated to obtain a basalt fiber base material modified by silica.

[0023] Preferably, the mesoporous silica composite liquid comprises nano-silica, a surfactant, an organic silicon solvent and deionized water.

[0024] Preferably, when preparing the basalt fiber base material, the heating and impregnation temperature is 30-50° C., and the treatment time is 1-2 hours.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention uses interlayer toughening to improve the fracture toughness and impact resistance of basalt fiber composites. By adding polyamino acid composite fibers between the layers of the basalt fiber matrix, the fibers, containing both regular and irregular molecular chains, impart excellent toughness and strength to the fiber material. By bonding the polyamino acid composite fibers to the basalt fiber matrix through porous particles, the problem of unstable and declining toughness during use in existing basalt fiber materials can be addressed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are used. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, all are conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0028] The invention provides a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material, comprising SiO2@basalt fiber, polyamino acid composite fiber and porous silicon particles.

[0029] In the present invention, SiO2@basalt fiber refers to basalt fiber obtained by surface modification with silicon dioxide.

[0030] In the present invention, the polyamino acid composite fiber contains both a regular molecular chain structure formed by connecting the same amino acids and an irregular molecular chain structure formed by connecting different amino acids, which can give the fiber material good toughness and strength; specifically, the multiple amino acids include but are not limited to one or more of glycine, alanine, serine and proline.

[0031] In the present invention, the porous silicon particles include but are not limited to one or more of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, POSS, etc., and the particle size of the porous silicon particles is 30-75 nm, and the pore volume of the porous silicon particles is 40-60%.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material, comprising the following steps:

[0033] (1) Preparation of basalt fiber base material

[0034] Basalt fiber is placed in an acidic environment for surface activation and hydrochloric acid etching. The etched basalt fiber is then placed in a mesoporous silica composite solution, heated to 30-50°C, and immersed for 1-2 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0035] The mesoporous silica composite liquid includes nano-silica, surfactant, organic silicon solvent and deionized water, and is stirred and mixed; the particle size of the nano-silica is about 5-30nm.

[0036] (2) Preparation of interlayer toughening materials

[0037] Polyethylene glycol and isocyanate are mixed, a catalyst is added, and the mixture is reacted to obtain a prepolymer; a β-folded polyamino acid ester and an organic solvent are then added to the prepolymer, and the mixture is reacted to form a polymerized amino acid having regular molecular segments containing some repeating units and molecular segments having a spatially irregular structure, and a precipitate is precipitated, followed by spinning to obtain a polyamino acid composite fiber;

[0038] The prepared polyamino acid composite fiber is mixed with porous silicon particles, epoxy resin and curing agent, impregnated, and heated to 100-120° C. for hot-melt compounding to obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0039] Among them, the polyamino acid composite fiber is a spider silk-like spinning fiber, so spider silk fiber can also be directly used to replace the polyamino acid composite fiber.

[0040] (3) Preparation of nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber materials

[0041] The interlayer toughening material is laid on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is hot, so that it is fully covered and infiltrated. During this operation, the temperature of the interlayer toughening material is maintained above 60°C. After hot pressing and compounding, a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material with a toughening interlayer is obtained.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0044] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0045] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add poly-β-amino acid ester and dimethylformamide to the prepolymer, mix and react, then add methanol to precipitate, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0046] Step 4: Take another 56.2wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and 40.5wt% of vinyl POSS, add glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2℃ for hot melt compounding, and obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0047] Step 5: Lay the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the interlayer toughening material at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to produce a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material containing a toughening interlayer.

[0048] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 893 MPa, the elastic modulus was 102 GPa, and the toughness was 304 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 4.2%.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0051] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0052] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add poly-β-amino acid ester and dimethylformamide to the prepolymer, mix and react, then add methanol to precipitate, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0053] Step 4: Take another 42 wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and 55 wt% of vinyl POSS, add glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2° C. for hot melt compounding, and obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0054] Step 5: Lay the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the interlayer toughening material at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to produce a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material containing a toughening interlayer.

[0055] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 871 MPa, the elastic modulus was 104 GPa, and the toughness was 301 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 4.6%.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0058] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0059] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add poly-β-amino acid ester and dimethylformamide to the prepolymer, mix and react, then add methanol to precipitate, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0060] Step 4: Take another 60.3wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and 35.8wt% of vinyl POSS, add glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2℃ for hot melt compounding, and obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0061] Step 5: Lay the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the interlayer toughening material at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to produce a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material containing a toughening interlayer.

[0062] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 884 MPa, the elastic modulus was 104 GPa, and the toughness was 303 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 4.4%.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0065] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0066] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add poly-β-amino acid ester and dimethylformamide to the prepolymer, mix and react, then add methanol to precipitate, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0067] Step 4: Take another 23.7wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and 25.0wt% of vinyl POSS, add glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, add water to mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2℃ for hot melt compounding, and obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0068] Step 5: Lay the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the interlayer toughening material at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to produce a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material containing a toughening interlayer.

[0069] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 847 MPa, the elastic modulus was 105 GPa, and the toughness was 290 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 8.6%.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0072] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0073] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add spider silk fiber to the prepolymer, mix, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0074] Step 4: Take another 56.2wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and 40.5wt% of vinyl POSS, add glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2℃ for hot melt compounding, and obtain an interlayer toughening material.

[0075] Step 5: Lay the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the interlayer toughening material at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to produce a nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material containing a toughening interlayer.

[0076] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 895 MPa, the elastic modulus was 103 GPa, and the toughness was 311 MJ / m 3After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 6.4%.

[0077] Comparative Example 1

[0078] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0079] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite solution, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0080] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 795 MPa, the elastic modulus was 109 GPa, and the toughness was 265 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 36.1%.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0083] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0084] Step 3: Take equimolar masses of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1850) and diisocyanate, mix them, add dibutyltin dilaurate, and react to obtain a prepolymer; then add poly-β-amino acid ester and dimethylformamide to the prepolymer, mix and react, then add methanol to precipitate, and prepare polyamino acid composite fiber by dry spinning.

[0085] Step 4: Take another 56.2 wt% of polyamino acid composite fiber and glycidyl epoxy resin, add water, mix well, and impregnate, heat to 108±2° C. for hot-melt compounding to obtain a toughened slurry.

[0086] Step 5: While hot, lay the toughening slurry on the surface of the basalt fiber base material, maintain the toughening slurry at 80±10°C during the process to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to obtain a basalt fiber material with a multi-layer structure.

[0087] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 859 MPa, the elastic modulus was 106 GPa, and the toughness was 298 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 10.3%.

[0088] Comparative Example 3

[0089] Step 1: Take 2.5 parts by mass of nano-silica with a particle size of 20±10 nm, mix it with 0.3 parts by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by mass of dimethylsiloxane and 2 parts by mass of deionized water, and stir at 200 r / min for 5 minutes to obtain a mesoporous silica composite liquid.

[0090] Step 2: Take basalt fiber and place it in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide of equal mass for surface activation treatment, then etch its surface with hydrochloric acid to form basalt fiber with high specific surface area; place the basalt fiber obtained by the above treatment in a mesoporous silica composite liquid, heat it to 40±3°C, and immerse it for 1.5 hours to obtain a basalt fiber base material with nano-silica attached to the surface.

[0091] Step 3: Take vinyl POSS, glycidyl epoxy resin and aromatic amine curing agent, add water to mix and impregnate, heat to 108±2°C for hot melt compounding, and obtain toughened slurry.

[0092] Step 4: Lay the toughening slurry on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot. During this period, keep the toughening slurry at 80±10℃ to fully cover and infiltrate it, and perform hot pressing and compounding to form a basalt fiber material with a multi-layer structure.

[0093] The above product was tested at room temperature. At a tensile rate of 20 mm / min, the tensile strength was 852 MPa, the elastic modulus was 107 GPa, and the toughness was 295 MJ / m 3 After a cyclic treatment of heating at 100°C and cooling at 25°C, its toughness was measured to decrease by 12.1%.

[0094] A comparison of the above examples and comparative examples shows that the nano-SiO2-modified basalt fiber material in the examples has slightly higher toughness than the basalt fiber material in the comparative example at room temperature in its initial state. Furthermore, after multiple treatments of high-temperature heating and low-temperature cooling, the degree of decrease in toughness of the nano-SiO2-modified basalt fiber material in the examples is significantly less than that of the basalt fiber material in the comparative example. Therefore, the above experiments demonstrate that the nano-SiO2-modified basalt fiber material and preparation method proposed in the present invention can effectively address the poor toughness or poor toughness stability issues currently associated with silica-modified basalt fiber materials, effectively improving the performance and service life of the basalt fiber material.

[0095] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material, characterized in that: Including SiO2@basalt fiber, polyamino acid composite fiber and porous silicon particles; The porous silicon particles include one or more of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, and POSS, the particle size of the porous silicon particles is 30-75 nm, and the pore volume ratio of the porous silicon particles is 40-60%; The polyamino acid composite fiber contains regular molecular chains formed by connecting the same amino acids, and irregular molecular chains formed by connecting different amino acids; The preparation method of the nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material comprises the following steps: S1 Preparation of interlayer toughening material: The polyamino acid composite fiber is mixed with porous silicon particles, epoxy resin and curing agent, and heated and impregnated to obtain an interlayer toughening material; S2: preparing the nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material: Laying the interlayer toughening material on the surface of the basalt fiber base material while it is still hot, and hot pressing and compounding to obtain the nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material; The preparation method of the basalt fiber base material comprises the following steps: Basalt fiber is placed in an acidic environment for surface activation treatment and hydrochloric acid etching; the etched basalt fiber is placed in a mesoporous silica composite liquid and heated and impregnated to obtain a basalt fiber base material modified with silica, namely SiO2@basalt fiber.

2. The nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acids include one or more of glycine, alanine, serine and proline.

3. The nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the method for preparing the polyamino acid composite fiber comprises the following steps: Polyethylene glycol and isocyanate are mixed, a catalyst is added, and the mixture is reacted to obtain a prepolymer; polyamino acid ester and an organic solvent are then added to the prepolymer, mixed and reacted, a precipitate is precipitated, and the mixture is spun to obtain the polyamino acid composite fiber.

4. The nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the heating and dipping temperature is 100-120°C.

5. The nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesoporous silica composite liquid comprises nano-silicon dioxide, a surfactant, an organic silicon solvent and deionized water.

6. The nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing the basalt fiber base material, the heating and impregnation temperature is 30-50° C. and the processing time is 1-2 hours.