Gardening operation method for harvesting bunched blueberries

Abstract

The invention provides a gardening operation method for improving blueberry fruit ripening synchronization. According to tree vigor, different field planting pruning modes are adopted for shaping and trunk expanding, then through grading branch thinning pruning, yield keeping pruning, vigorous growth controlling and flower promoting and tree body dormancy time regulating and controlling, the blueberries are bunched to bear fruits, meanwhile, the overall maturity of the blueberries tends to be consistent, and bunched maturity of the blueberries is achieved. In addition, the application of the fertilizer and the pruning technology have a remarkable synergistic effect. The specific fertilization method comprises the following steps: (1) using a bacterial fertilizer of bacillus subtilis as a base fertilizer; (2) applying gibberellin to the cut after field planting and pruning; and (3) spraying a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer in a dormancy period. Therefore, during the blueberry cultivation process, the reasonable fertilization and the correct pruning mode can better realize the string ripening production of the blueberries, and the method has a field application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of horticulture and relates to a horticultural operation method for harvesting blueberry fruit bunches. Background Art

[0002] Blueberries are blue, beautiful in color, and have a unique flavor. They are widely used in beverage processing, such as juice, beverages, and wine. Blueberries are not only edible, but also rich in nutrients. In addition to protein, fat, carbohydrates, and VC, fresh blueberries also contain arbutin, anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and special ingredients rarely found in other varieties, such as SOD, VE, and VA. They have high nutritional value and health functions.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of my country's blueberry industry, consumers' demand for the freshness, taste and quality of the fruit has increased. At the same time, due to the shortage of agricultural labor and the increase in labor costs, blueberry picking is a problem facing the development of the blueberry industry. The current blueberry horticultural management technology has problems such as large labor demand, high manual picking costs, short storage and transportation and shelf life. Pruning can remove some branches on the plant, promote stronger growth of the plant, and promote more fruit production. Blueberry is a perennial shrub fruit tree. If it is not shaped and pruned, it will lead to too dense branches, closed crowns, lack of ventilation and light, and low light utilization, which seriously affects the fruit yield and quality. Since my country's blueberry business has just started, there are few pruning techniques for fruit tree species that can be used as reference, so the pruning technology of blueberries is very imperfect, and the pruning technology suitable for domestic blueberries is not mature. The current pruning technology often results in large fruit yields and small single fruits of blueberry trees, and the fruit quality is poor. Therefore, it is very important to explore a pruning technology that can improve the quality of blueberry fruits while ensuring the yield.

[0004] In recent years, the "bunch picking" of blueberries has been used as a new pruning and cultivation method for blueberries, which has improved the traditional blueberry pruning method. However, when picking in bunches, the maturity of the same plant may be inconsistent, which brings problems to the picking of blueberry fruits. If you wait until all are ripe, the early-ripening fruits will be overripe, easy to spoil, and not easy to store. If you pick partially ripe fruits, and wait for the later-ripening fruits to mature, the first-ripening fruits will be overripe, easy to spoil, and not easy to store. If all or some of the ripe fruits are picked unripe, and then ripened with drugs, the ripening agents are not good for human health. If the blueberry "bunch picking" pruning and cultivation method can make different blueberry fruits on the same plant or the same bunch mature synchronously, the above problems can be overcome, but there is no report on a blueberry pruning method that can well control the synchronous ripening of fruits. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention, in the case of "string picking" fruiting, controls the dormancy time of blueberry trees and the ripening period of blueberries, so that blueberries "ripen in strings" and bear fruit, thereby improving the efficiency of picking and the quality of blueberries. In addition, through two prunings after picking, the problem of insufficient transpiration of blueberry fruits after picking is improved, so that blueberries can quickly accumulate nutrients after picking, improve the quality of blueberries, and also reduce the tree vigor, adjust the ratio of old, middle and young branches in advance, make the blueberry seedlings enter the dormant period in autumn, and reduce the cost of autumn pruning to promote flowering.

[0006] In order to improve the efficiency of blueberry pruning, enhance the quality of blueberries, and solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention will combine the existing pruning methods and, on the basis of the new "bunch picking" blueberry picking, further regulate the maturity of blueberries, thereby improving the picking efficiency of "bunch picking" and reducing the loss caused by inconsistent maturity.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a horticultural operation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: Classification, planting and pruning

[0009] Blueberry seedlings with strong main branches and vigorous growth: When planting, shorten the main branches over 12 cm long to 8-10 cm from the ground, and keep the leaves growing outward at the cut position;

[0010] Dormant or weak blueberry seedlings: When transplanting, for thin and weak branches with a main stem diameter of less than 8mm, shorten the main stem of the blueberry to 2-4cm from the ground; for branches with a main stem diameter of more than 8mm, shorten them to 6-8cm from the ground;

[0011] S2: Shaping, expansion and pruning

[0012] After the classification planting and pruning, when the length of the new shoots reaches more than 35 cm, before they are completely lignified, the new shoots are pruned again, retaining 10-15 cm, and the number of axillary buds of the pruned branches is controlled to 3-6;

[0013] S3: Graded thinning and pruning

[0014] Within 5 days after the fruit is harvested, the first post-harvest pruning is carried out. First, the inner branches are cut off, and then 2-3 strong branches are selected on each main branch, and 3-4 fruiting branches are retained on each branch.

[0015] The second post-harvest pruning is carried out within 30-40 days after the fruit is harvested. The new shoots over 40 cm are pinched, and 5-7 axillary buds are retained on each branch, and buds growing outward are left at the pinching point.

[0016] S4: Yield-preserving pruning

[0017] During winter pruning, the tree height needs to be controlled to no more than 1.5m, and 90-110 fruiting mother branches should be retained. The operation method is: cut off low-lying branches that are less than 25cm from the ground, shorten the outer extension branches to retain 8-12 axillary buds, leave the top side buds on the outside of the branches, and cut back the inner branches and overly dense branches, retaining 1-2cm short stumps when cutting back. If there are thin branches 2-4cm at the base of the cut branches, adjust the stump length to retain the thin branches.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step S1, the horticultural operation method is performed on 1-2 year old blueberry cuttings.

[0019] In some embodiments, the operation time of each step is as follows:

[0020] The operation period of S1 is: April of the first year;

[0021] The operation period of S2 is: July of the first year;

[0022] In S3, the first pruning operation time is: June of the second year; the second pruning operation time is: July of the second year;

[0023] The operation time of S4 is: November of the following year.

[0024] In some embodiments, a probiotic composition is added to the planted soil matrix 3-7 days before performing step S1;

[0025] The probiotic composition contains 10 billion CFU·g -1 Bacillus subtilis;

[0026] The amount of Bacillus subtilis in the probiotic composition corresponding to each blueberry is 3000-7000 CFU.

[0027] In some embodiments, on the day after performing step S2, applying the hormone solution to the pruning cuts of the blueberry plants;

[0028] The hormone solution is a 150-250 mg / L gibberellin aqueous solution;

[0029] Each blueberry seedling consumes 30-70 ml of the hormone solution.

[0030] In some embodiments, 20-40 days after step S3, 0.2-0.4w / w% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed on the blueberry leaves in an amount of 150-250 liters / mu, and 5-15 days later, 0.2-0.4w / w% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed on the blueberry leaves again in an amount of 150-250 liters / mu.

[0031] In some embodiments, the blueberry variety is Legacy; and / or

[0032] The horticultural operation method is applicable to the cultivation and management of blueberries in ordinary plastic greenhouses in Shandong Province, China.

[0033] In some embodiments, when the content of Bacillus subtilis is 300 billion CFU, the probiotic composition further contains 0.0008-0.0012 g of hydroxyenadene·enadene wettable powder, 20-30 g of corn starch, 8-12 g of dispersant, 3-6 g of wetting agent and 3-6 g of protective agent.

[0034] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the horticultural operation method described in the first aspect of the present invention in improving the synchronization of ripening of blueberry fruits.

[0035] In some embodiments, the blueberry variety is Legacy.

[0036] The positive effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0037] (1) Carrying out different pruning operations on blueberry seedlings with different growth trends can help maximize the nutrient utilization of blueberries, promote the growth of weak seedlings, and balance their growth.

[0038] (2) After the fruit is harvested, thin out the branches in batches, retaining some strong branches to provide sufficient transpiration for the blueberry seedlings to survive the summer, and effectively reduce the number of cuts, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of branch diseases.

[0039] (3) Combining pruning techniques with fertilization methods can greatly improve pruning effects, stabilize the consistency of blueberry maturity, and increase yield and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a photo of blueberry seedlings growing vigorously.

[0041] Figure 2 Photo of an example of pinching back blueberry seedlings.

[0042] Figure 3 Photo of dormant or deciduous blueberry seedlings.

[0043] Figure 4 An example photo of pruning blueberry seedlings.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a photo of the first pruning of blueberry seedlings after harvesting.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a photo of the second pruning of blueberry seedlings after harvesting.

[0046] Figure 7 The harm caused by failure to meet transpiration requirements.

[0047] Figure 8 Photo of short stakes for blueberry seedlings.

[0048] Fig. 9 This is a photo of an example of blueberry seedlings being left too long.

[0049] Fig.10 Photo of an example of a blueberry seedling with bare legs that are dislocated.

[0050] Fig.11 The figure shows the effect comparison between step 1 of the present invention and conventional pruning.

[0051] Fig.12 The figure shows the effect comparison between step 2 of the present invention and conventional pruning.

[0052] Fig.13 This is a picture of the first pruning after harvesting of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.14 This is a picture of routine post-harvest pruning.

[0054] Fig.15 This is a picture of the second pruning after harvesting of the present invention.

[0055] Fig.16 The following is a picture showing the effect of step 4 of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.17 This is a picture of the effect of regular winter pruning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] The blueberry gardening management method of the present invention is applicable to blueberries grown in greenhouses in northern my country, and the cultivated blueberry varieties include but are not limited to popular varieties such as Legacy, F6, and L25. The variety used in each embodiment of the present invention is Legacy, and the experimental site is a greenhouse in Shandong Province.

[0059] Example 1: Study on blueberry pruning method

[0060] The blueberry gardening management method of this embodiment (mainly focusing on pruning branches) is divided into classified planting pruning, shaping and expanding pruning, graded thinning pruning and yield-preserving pruning according to the order of operation time.

[0061] 1. Classification, planting and pruning

[0062] In order to enhance the universality of the method of the present invention, different pruning standards are adopted for blueberry seedlings with vigorous growth and blueberry seedlings with weak growth during planting. The blueberry seedlings are all from cutting propagation, and blueberry seedlings with a plant height of 10-15 cm and a main branch diameter of 1-3 cm are selected. The specific pruning standards are as follows:

[0063] For blueberry seedlings with main branches between 2-3cm in diameter and vigorous growth (such as Figure 1 After planting, the main branches longer than 12 cm are cut short (i.e., the annual branches are cut short, and the remaining half of the branches continue to grow) to 8-10 cm from the ground, and the leaves growing away from the main trunk of the blueberry are retained at the cut position (such as Figure 2 shown).

[0064] For blueberry seedlings with main stems 1-2cm thick, dormant or deciduous, weak (such as Figure 3 After planting, thin and weak branches with a stem diameter of less than 8mm should be trimmed flat (cut off branches from the base at ground level), and branches with a stem diameter of more than 8mm should be shortened to 6-8cm from the ground (as shown in the figure). Figure 4 shown).

[0065] The present invention is different from the conventional pruning mode in which a standard is applied to directly prune the blueberry seedlings. Instead, different pruning methods are adopted by identifying blueberry seedlings in different growth states. This can not only ensure the growth of the main branches of strong seedlings, but also increase the root-crown ratio of weak seedlings, effectively promoting nutrient absorption.

[0066] 2. Shaping, expansion and pruning

[0067] In the year of transplanting, when the new shoots grow to about 35cm, before the branches are completely lignified, shaping and expanding trunk pruning should be carried out. The new shoots should be shortened to 8-15cm from the bifurcation of the branch group, and 4-6 axillary buds should be retained to allow new branches to grow and expand the crown.

[0068] In the present invention, the main pruning target should be the strong branches with a stem thickness of more than 8mm. By pruning the strong branches, the strong branches are promoted to branch, the trunk is expanded, the tree body transitions to a natural round head shape, and the fruiting branches are evenly distributed outside the tree body, which is convenient for picking and pruning. If the thin branches are frequently retracted (i.e., part of the perennial blueberry branches are cut off), the nutrients are frequently consumed, which is easy to hinder the early nutritional growth and weaken the tree vigor.

[0069] 3. Graded thinning and pruning

[0070] The year after planting, the blueberry seedlings will reach a height of 50-70cm and a crown diameter of more than 50cm, entering the initial fruiting stage, and the blueberry seedlings are ready to produce. At this time, according to the fruit harvest time, the branches are thinned out in batches and the first pruning (such as Figure 5Within 3-5 days after fruit harvest, the specific pruning standards are as follows:

[0071] (1) Remove inner and drooping branches to increase ventilation and light.

[0072] (2) Select 2-3 strong branches with leaves on each main branch to improve the transpiration capacity of blueberries.

[0073] (3) The lateral buds at the top of the retraction point should be left on the outside of the branch to expand the tree shape.

[0074] Since blueberries usually mature in summer, when the climate is hot and humid, they grow rapidly. The second post-harvest pruning should be done 30 days after the first pruning (e.g. Figure 6 The specific pruning standards are as follows:

[0075] (1) For thin branches with stems less than 7 mm in diameter, keep 10-15 cm.

[0076] (2) Strong branches with stems thicker than 7 mm should be retained for 20-25 cm.

[0077] (3) Try to keep 5-7 axillary buds on each branch, and the axillary buds that are away from the growth direction of the main trunk should be retained at the pruning position.

[0078] In conventional summer pruning, in order to save labor costs and prepare for autumn flower-promoting pruning, a large number of branches are cut short at one time, resulting in a large loss of mature old leaves. The new leaves cannot provide sufficient nutrients and transpiration for the tree, causing the tree to suffocate (such as Figure 7 The present invention retains old leaves to bear nutrient supply and transpiration during the first pruning after harvesting, and after the hot and humid summer weather, when the new leaves are able to bear nutrient accumulation and maintain transpiration, the ratio of new leaves to old leaves is balanced through the second pruning, thereby promoting the uniform growth state of each branch group of blueberries.

[0079] 4. Pruning to ensure production

[0080] In winter, 90-110 fruiting branches are retained based on comprehensive consideration of factors such as tree vigor (tree height, crown width and branch density), tree age, variety and cultivation conditions. The specific pruning standards are as follows:

[0081] (1) The tree height should be controlled within 1.5m.

[0082] (2) From the root level, cut off low branches that are less than 25 cm from the ground.

[0083] (3) The branches growing outward should be pruned 10 axillary buds above the base.

[0084] (4) When thinning out overcrowded branches, drooping branches, weak branches, overcrowded branches, overlapping branches, and intersecting branches in the crown, the main approach is to prune back the branches with a height of 1-3 cm, and try to keep an axillary bud (such as Figure 8 shown).

[0085] The main purpose of pruning to ensure production is to stabilize the yield in the next year. By pruning, the density of blueberry tree branches is adjusted to make them evenly distributed, and the branches are kept at an appropriate distance to ensure good ventilation and light transmission conditions, thus improving the health of the tree. Be careful not to over-thin branches, which will increase apical dominance and cause excessive growth (such as Fig. 9 As shown), bare legs disjointed (as shown Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the number of basal branches and leaves of the branches will be reduced during the growth in the following year, the branches will be exposed, and the apical dominance will be too strong.

[0086] Example 2. Comparative study on blueberry horticultural management

[0087] A complete observation record is made by selecting a test field according to the blueberry horticultural management method of the present invention.

[0088] Experimental field location: Wulian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province.

[0089] Experimental field environment: ordinary plastic greenhouse.

[0090] Blueberry variety: Legacy. In this example, different groups selected 1-2 year old blueberry variety 'Legacy' seedlings (cutting seedlings) with strong main branches and consistent growth status for planting, and the plants were located in the same plot.

[0091] 1. Group 1: Pruning method of the present invention

[0092] (I) Classification, planting and pruning

[0093] According to the management requirements of step 1 of the present invention, branches with a stem thickness of more than 2 cm and a length of more than 12 cm are cut short at a distance of 10 cm from the ground, and the leaves growing outward are retained at the incision position. Conventional pruning methods usually only prune blueberry seedlings flat during planting pruning. This pruning method wastes nutrients on vigorous branches, slows down the growth of seedlings, and easily causes the growth of blueberry seedlings to weaken.

[0094] Fig.11 To compare the effects of step 1 of the present invention with the conventional pruning method, the right column shows the seedlings grown after the classified planting and pruning according to the present invention, with more branches, strong main branches and dense leaves. The left column shows the seedlings that were pruned conventionally, with fewer branches and thin branches.

[0095] The pruning time is April 7-15 of the first year.

[0096] (ii) Shaping, expanding and pruning

[0097] After the classified planting and pruning (step 1 of the present invention), the blueberry seedlings are pruned and expanded every time the new shoots grow to about 35 cm and before the branches are completely lignified. The new shoots are cut short at 8 cm from the branch group bifurcation, and 4 axillary buds are retained to grow new branches and expand the crown. Conventional pruning methods have no specific rules for shaping and expanding the trunk, and pruning is irregular, resulting in less branching of branches and the inability to fully open the crown.

[0098] Fig.12 To compare the effects of step 2 of the present invention with conventional pruning methods, the right column shows the seedlings that have been pruned according to the present invention, with a suitable crown size, dense but not messy branches, and well-arranged. The left column shows conventional pruning, which frequently cuts the tree body short, resulting in scattered branches, too many inner branches, and an incompletely opened crown.

[0099] The pruning time is from July to November of the first year.

[0100] (III) Graded thinning and pruning

[0101] Blueberries cannot be grown in the first year, so the pruning operation of the present invention is used in the second year, and the harvesting and measurement data are started in the third year.

[0102] When the tree is ready to produce, the first post-harvest pruning is carried out on the third day after the fruit is harvested, and the pruning time is June 9-15 of the second year. Four fruit-bearing branch groups are retained on each fruit-bearing main branch, and each fruit-bearing branch group retains two old branches with leaves. There are axillary buds growing away from the main trunk at the retracted points.

[0103] One month after the first pruning after harvest, the pruned branches continue to grow to about 40cm, and the second pruning after harvest is carried out. The thin and weak branches with a stem thickness of less than 7mm are shortened to 15cm from the parent branches, and the strong branches with a stem thickness of more than 7mm are shortened to 20cm from the parent branches. Each branch retains 5 axillary buds, and the pruning position needs to retain the axillary buds growing outward.

[0104] During routine summer pruning, a large number of branches will be cut back at one time, resulting in the loss of mature old leaves and insufficient transpiration rate of new leaves, which can cause the tree to suffocate.

[0105] Fig.13 In order to perform post-harvest pruning according to step three of the present invention, some leaves are retained to cope with the extremely hot and humid environment thereafter. Fig.14 Due to routine post-harvest pruning, there are too few leaves remaining, which affects the subsequent nutrient accumulation.

[0106] Fig.15 For the second pruning after harvesting according to the present invention, the pruning time is July 10-15 of the second year, when the hot and humid summer has passed, but the leaves are lush and the proportion of new and old leaves is balanced.

[0107] (IV) Pruning to ensure production

[0108] In winter, based on comprehensive consideration of factors such as tree vigor (tree height, crown width and branch density), tree age, variety and cultivation conditions, retain 90-110 fruiting branches, control the tree height within 1.5m, and cut off low-lying branches less than 25cm from the ground at the level of the root. The branches growing on the outside are pruned 10 axillary buds above the base. When thinning out overcrowded branches, drooping branches, thin branches, overcrowded branches, overlapping branches and crossing branches in the crown, mainly shorten the branches with stumps, and the stump height is 1cm.

[0109] The pruning time is November 20-27 of the following year.

[0110] Conventional winter pruning requires shortening overly long branches, cutting off half of their length, and removing branches that are less than 30 cm from the ground.

[0111] Fig.16 In order to perform yield-protecting pruning according to step 4 of the present invention, the fruits are fully mature, distributed in strings, with uniform fruit powder and full fruit grains. Fig.17 It is a conventional winter pruning, the fruit ripening period is inconsistent, the ripening period is late and inconsistent, and the fruit size and fruit powder uniformity are not as good as the present invention.

[0112] The first fruit harvest (corresponding to the fruit hardness and sugar content test) is from May 15 to 17 of the third year.

[0113] The second fruit harvest (corresponding to the fruit hardness and sugar content test) is from June 10th to 12th of the third year.

[0114] 2. Group 2: No pruning (control group)

[0115] The blueberry plants were cultivated in parallel with the first group in the same plot, but without any pruning treatment.

[0116] 3. Groups 3 to 5: Use of probiotics

[0117] (I) Group 3

[0118] The difference from the first group is that 5 days before blueberry planting, the probiotic composition 1 is mixed evenly with the substrate (cultivation soil), and then the subsequent cultivation management is carried out. The effective bacteria of the probiotic composition 1 is Bacillus subtilis, and its mass fraction is: effective bacteria content 10 billion CFU g -130% of Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, 25% of 0.004% hydroxyadenine·enadene wettable powder, 25% of corn starch, 10% of dispersant (YUS-207K), 5% of wetting agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 5% of protective agent (sodium alginate), and the balance is cultivation soil. The above contents are weight percentages.

[0119] The dosage of the probiotic composition 1 is 0.05 kg per blueberry plant.

[0120] (II) Group 4

[0121] The difference from the first group is that 5 days before blueberry planting, the probiotic composition 2 is mixed evenly with the substrate, and then the subsequent cultivation management is carried out. The mass fractions of the components of the probiotic composition 2 are: 30% fulvic acid, 15% urea, 5% monoammonium phosphate, 5% nitrate phosphate, 1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% EDTA integrated zinc, 0.5% EDTA chelated iron, 3% rare earth nitrate, 25% mixed bacterial agent (Bacillus cereus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are mixed in a ratio of 3:1, and the effective viable count is 5 billion CFU·g -1 ), bamboo vinegar 5%, insecticide 5%, anti-caking agent 5%, and the balance is cultivation soil. The above contents are weight percentages.

[0122] The dosage of the probiotic composition 2 is 0.05 kg per blueberry plant.

[0123] (III) Group 5

[0124] The difference from the first group is that 5 days before blueberry planting, the probiotic composition 3 is mixed evenly with the substrate, and then the subsequent cultivation management is carried out. Probiotic composition 3 is a composite bacterial fertilizer, the effective bacteria are Burkholderia cepacia and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass fraction is: Burkholderia cepacia and Bacillus licheniformis (the CFU number ratio of the two probiotics is 1:1, and the total effective bacterial content is 500 million CFU g -1 ) 35%, diatomaceous earth 15%, dispersant (D-1002) 15%, wetting agent (W-1002) 5%, sodium methylene dinaphthoate 10%, soluble starch 20%, and the balance is cultivation soil. The above contents are weight percentages.

[0125] The dosage of the probiotic composition 3 is 0.02 kg per blueberry plant.

[0126] 4. Groups 6 to 8:

[0127] (I) Group 6

[0128] The difference from the first group is that on the day after shaping and pruning, solution 1 was applied to the pruning ends of the blueberry plants.

[0129] The composition and content of solution 1 are: 50 mg / L indoleacetic acid aqueous solution.

[0130] The application method and dosage are as follows: After pruning, immediately dip a cotton swab into solution 1 and apply it evenly to the incision. On average, each blueberry seedling consumes 50 ml of solution.

[0131] (II) Group 7

[0132] The difference from the first group is that on the day after shaping and expanding the stem, solution 2 was applied to the pruning ends of the blueberry plants.

[0133] The composition and content of solution 2 are: 30 mg / L of naphthaleneacetic acid aqueous solution.

[0134] The application method and dosage are as follows: After pruning, immediately dip a cotton swab into solution 2 and apply it evenly to the incision. On average, each blueberry seedling consumes 50 ml of solution.

[0135] (III) Group 8

[0136] The difference from the first group is that on the day after shaping and expanding the stem, solution 3 was applied to the pruning ends of the blueberry plants.

[0137] The composition and content of solution 3 are: 200 mg / L gibberellin aqueous solution.

[0138] The application method and dosage are as follows: After pruning, immediately dip a cotton swab into solution 3 and apply it evenly to the incision. On average, each blueberry seedling consumes 50 ml of solution.

[0139] 5. Groups 9 to 11:

[0140] (I) Group 9

[0141] 50 days after the completion of graded thinning and pruning, spray 0.3% mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the leaves, with a dosage of 200 liters / mu. The spraying time should be before 9 am on a sunny day or on a cloudy day to avoid rapid evaporation of the foliar fertilizer solution. Spray again 10 days after spraying, with the same solution and dosage as the first time to enhance the effect.

[0142] (II) Group 10

[0143] 50 days after graded thinning and pruning, spray 0.3% urea aqueous solution on the leaves at a dosage of 50 liters / mu. The spraying time should be before 9 am on a sunny day or on a cloudy day to avoid too fast evaporation of the foliar fertilizer solution. Spray again 10 days after spraying with the same solution and dosage as the first time to enhance the effect. Avoid spraying under adverse weather conditions such as high temperature, drought or strong wind to avoid affecting the spraying effect and causing nutrient loss.

[0144] (III) Group 11

[0145] 30 days after shaping, expanding and pruning, spray 0.25% mass fraction of fermented fulvic acid foliar fertilizer (fulvic acid content ≥ 50%) on the leaves, the dosage is 50 liters / mu. Avoid spraying in adverse weather conditions such as high temperature, drought or strong wind to avoid affecting the spraying effect and causing nutrient loss. Spray again 10 days after spraying, with the same solution and dosage as the first time, in order to enhance the effect.

[0146] 5. Statistics of fruit bunch maturity consistency indicators

[0147] The results of the hardness and sugar content of the same bunch of blueberries when they were half-ripe were recorded during the two harvesting periods after the yield-preserving pruning. Ten plants were randomly selected from each group, three bunches were randomly selected from each plant, and thirty samples were tested and counted.

[0148] During the ripening period of blueberries, each bunch of blueberries was observed. When the blueberries entered the middle stage of color change (50% of the blueberries in the same bunch turned pink and purple), (1) the hardness of all the blueberries in the same bunch was measured using a GY-4 fruit hardness tester (Liande, GY-4) perpendicular to the fruit surface. The hardness unit was kg / cm 2 (2) Use a digital sugar meter (Shanghai Yidian Physical Optical Instrument Co., Ltd., model WYA-3S) to measure the soluble sugar content of each fruit in the same bunch. According to the method in the instrument manual, apply the blueberry fruit juice on the sugar meter and read the reading in %.

[0149] (I) Effect of pruning methods on the synchronization of blueberry bunch ripening

[0150] The statistical data on the effect of pruning methods on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening are shown in Table 1 below.

[0151] Table 1. Effects of pruning methods on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] According to the above statistics, for the blueberry fruits harvested twice, the average hardness of the first and second groups is not much different, but the standard deviation of the hardness of the second group is significantly higher than that of the first group; the average soluble sugar content of the first and second groups is not much different, but the standard deviation of the soluble sugar content of the second group is significantly higher than that of the first group. This shows that when the blueberries enter the middle stage of color change, the hardness and soluble sugar content of different fruits in a bunch of the second group vary greatly, reflecting that the synchronization of the ripening of the fruits in the second group is worse than that of the first group, which further shows that the pruning method of the first group is conducive to promoting the synchronization of the ripening of the bunches of fruits.

[0155] (II) Effect of probiotics on the synchronization of blueberry bunch ripening

[0156] The statistical data on the effect of probiotic use on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening are shown in Table 2 below.

[0157] Table 2. Effect of probiotics on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening

[0158]

[0159] The standard deviations of the hardness and soluble sugar content of the fruits harvested in the third, fourth and fifth groups were significantly lower than those in the first group, indicating that the maturity indexes of the same bunch of fruits in the third, fourth and fifth groups were more stable, which further indicated that the probiotic composition 1 of Bacillus subtilis could most effectively stabilize the various maturity indexes of blueberries. (III) Effect of hormone use on the synchronization of ripening of blueberry bunches

[0160] The statistical data on the effect of hormone use on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening are shown in Table 3 below.

[0161] Table 3. Effects of hormone use on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening

[0162]

[0163] During the pruning process of blueberries, the wounds are exposed and easily infected with bacteria. In production, the wounds are usually sealed with drugs. The experiment was conducted by applying three common plant hormones, indoleacetic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid and gibberellin, to the incisions after the blueberries were shaped and expanded. The test results showed that in the middle stage of blueberry color change, there was no significant difference in the data of the sixth and seventh groups compared with the first group, but the standard deviation of the hardness and soluble sugar content of the eighth group was significantly smaller than that of the first group. This shows that when blueberries enter the middle stage of color change, the effects of indoleacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid on the quality of blueberry fruits are not obvious, while gibberellin treatment can significantly increase the sugar content of blueberry fruits, and the test results are relatively stable.

[0164] (IV) Effect of foliar fertilizer application on the synchronization of blueberry fruit ripening

[0165] The statistical data on the effect of foliar fertilizer application on the synchronicity of blueberry bunch ripening are shown in Table 4 below.

[0166] Table 4. Effect of foliar fertilizer application on the synchronization of blueberry bunch ripening

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] In order to improve the growth environment of blueberries and enhance their adaptability to adversity, three commonly used foliar fertilizers, urea, fulvic acid, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, were applied to blueberries. The results showed that the standard deviations of hardness and soluble sugar in the ninth and tenth groups of blueberry fruits harvested twice were significantly lower than those in the first group, indicating that the use of foliar fertilizers in the ninth and tenth groups is conducive to promoting the synchronization of cluster ripening. In addition, in response to the needs of the present invention, the standard deviation values ​​of the data in the ninth group are smaller and more stable, so the application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer can effectively meet the demand for "cluster ripening" of blueberries.

[0170] In summary, the blueberry "string ripening" technology can be achieved by using bacterial fertilizers of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gelatinosa as base fertilizers, applying gibberellins to wounds, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer during the dormant period, and combining it with pruning technology to achieve blueberry "string ripening" production.

[0171] It is known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A gardening operation method, comprising the following steps: S1: Classification, planting and pruning Blueberry seedlings with strong main branches and vigorous growth: When planting, shorten the main branches over 12 cm long to 8-10 cm from the ground, and keep the leaves growing outward at the cut position; Dormant or weak blueberry seedlings: When transplanting, for thin and weak branches with a main stem diameter of less than 8mm, shorten the main stem of the blueberry to 2-4cm from the ground; for branches with a main stem diameter of more than 8mm, shorten them to 6-8cm from the ground; S2: Shaping, expanding and pruning After the classification planting and pruning, when the length of the new shoots reaches more than 35 cm, before they are completely lignified, the new shoots are pruned again, retaining 10-15 cm, and the number of axillary buds of the pruned branches is controlled to 3-6; S3: Graded thinning and pruning Within 5 days after the fruit is harvested, the first post-harvest pruning is carried out. First, the inner branches are cut off, and then 2-3 strong branches are selected on each main branch, and 3-4 fruiting branches are retained on each branch. The second post-harvest pruning should be carried out within 30-40 days after the fruit is harvested. The new shoots over 40 cm should be pinched, and 5-7 axillary buds should be retained on each branch, and buds growing outward should be left at the pinching point. S4: Yield-preserving pruning During winter pruning, the tree height needs to be controlled to no more than 1.5m, and 90-110 fruiting mother branches should be retained. The operation method is: cut off low-lying branches that are less than 25cm from the ground, shorten the outer extension branches to retain 8-12 axillary buds, leave the top side buds on the outside of the branches, and cut back the inner branches and overly dense branches, retaining 1-2cm short stumps when cutting back. If there are thin branches 2-4cm at the base of the cut branches, adjust the stump length to retain the thin branches.

2. The gardening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the horticultural operation method is performed on 1-2 year old blueberry cuttings.

3. The horticultural operation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The operation time for each step is as follows: The operation period of S1 is: April of the first year; The operation period of S2 is: July of the first year; In S3, the first pruning operation time is: June of the second year; the second pruning operation time is: July of the second year; The operation time of S4 is: November of the following year.

4. The horticultural operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: 3-7 days before performing step S1, adding a probiotic composition to the planted soil matrix; The probiotic composition contains 10 billion CFU·g -1 Bacillus subtilis; The amount of Bacillus subtilis in the probiotic composition corresponding to each blueberry is 3000-7000 CFU.

5. The horticultural operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: On the day after performing step S2, applying the hormone solution to the pruning cuts of the blueberry plants; The hormone solution is a 150-250 mg / L gibberellin aqueous solution; Each blueberry seedling consumes 30-70 ml of the hormone solution.

6. The horticultural operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: 20-40 days after step S3, spray 0.2-0.4w / w% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the blueberry leaves at a dosage of 150-250 liters / mu. 5-15 days later, spray 0.2-0.4w / w% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the blueberry leaves again at a dosage of 150-250 liters / mu.

7. The horticultural operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The blueberry variety is Legacy; and / or The horticultural operation method is applicable to the cultivation and management of blueberries in ordinary plastic greenhouses in Shandong Province, China.

8. The gardening method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the content of the Bacillus subtilis is 300 billion CFU, the probiotic composition further contains 0.0008-0.0012 g of hydroxyenadene·enadene wettable powder, 20-30 g of corn starch, 8-12 g of a dispersant, 3-6 g of a wetting agent and 3-6 g of a protective agent.

9. Use of the horticultural operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in improving the synchronization of ripening of blueberry fruits.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The blueberry variety is Legacy.

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