The invention discloses a method of quickly raising seedlings in chili greenhouse cultivation. The method includes the steps: A, before sowing, mixing up 6kg of aquatic plant powder, 4kg of shell powder, 1kg of perlite, and 100g of compound microbial agent, 200g of bioorganic fertilizer, 100g of cinnamyl aldehyde, 80g of astragalus polysaccharide and 100g of common threewingnut root, per cubic meter, and piling the components for use to obtain substrate; B, raising seedlings, namely placing the substrate in holes of seedling trays, making sure each hole is 3/5 full, compacting, placing chili seeds in the holes, covering the chili seeds with the substrate until the substrate is level with the upper surfaces of the holes, and spraying water; C, controlling the raising temperature to range from 12 DEG C to 18 DEG C, after emergence of seedlings, placing the seedlings in positions with best sunlight in a solar greenhouse, applying fertilizer for the first time after two main leaves occur on each seedling, transplanting 16-18 days after sowing, and reapplying the fertilizer after transplanting. The method is simple; the time from sowing to harvesting is effectively shortened; compared to conventional greenhouse cultivation methods, the method has the advantages that the time from sowing to harvesting is 10-13 days longer; the method is good for farmers to take the market as soon as possible.