Dynamic crushing test system and method for component-level scaling model

Abstract

The invention provides a component-level scale model dynamic crushing test system and method.The component-level scale model dynamic crushing test system comprises a base and further comprises a tensile force sensor, a clamp mechanism, an acceleration block, a high-speed tensile mechanism, a high-speed camera and a test component, and the bottom face of the tensile force sensor is fixedly installed on the top face of the base; the clamp mechanism is installed on the top face of the drawing force sensor and located over the drawing force sensor, the acceleration block is located under the clamp mechanism and located over the drawing force sensor, the high-speed drawing mechanism can drive the acceleration block to move in the vertical direction, and the high-speed camera directly faces the clamp mechanism; the test component is detachably mounted on the clamp mechanism; the invention further discloses a dynamic crushing test method for the component-level scaling model, and the dynamic crushing test method is applied to the dynamic crushing test system for the component-level scaling model. According to the method, the dynamic response analysis problem under the complex stress condition can be solved, and technical support is provided for research and application in related fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material testing, and in particular to a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system and method. Background Art

[0002] In modern industry, performance testing of materials and structural components is an important part of ensuring product quality and safety. Especially in high-tech fields such as automobiles, aerospace, and defense, the demand for dynamic performance testing of materials and structures is increasing. Dynamic crush test devices play a vital role in studying the behavior of materials under high stress and high strain rate conditions. With the development of technology, more and more research is devoted to developing efficient and accurate test devices to meet the needs of dynamic testing in different fields.

[0003] Existing test devices have deficiencies in static and dynamic testing: Documents CN202211299940 and CN201910470602 are mainly static compression test devices for metal materials, which cannot simulate the material behavior under high-speed dynamic conditions and lack analysis of dynamic crushing characteristics; and although the drop hammer impact force test device in document CN201911291075 belongs to the category of dynamic compression testing, the equipment investment is large and the test accuracy is relatively low, which is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision dynamic testing, especially in data collection and analysis under continuous high-speed tensile conditions. In general, it is difficult for existing technologies to fully solve the problem of dynamic response analysis under complex stress conditions.

[0004] In summary, the existing compression test devices, whether static compression or dynamic impact test, have certain technical deficiencies and are difficult to meet the growing demand for high-precision and high-efficiency dynamic crush test. Based on high-speed stretching equipment, the present invention provides a component-level scaled model dynamic crush test system and method, aiming to break through the limitations of the existing technology, solve the problem of dynamic response analysis under complex stress conditions, and provide advanced technical support for research and application in related fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the technical problems raised above, a component-level scaled model dynamic crush test system and method are provided.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system includes a base, and also includes a tensile force sensor, a fixture mechanism, an acceleration block, a high-speed tensile mechanism, a high-speed camera and a test component; the bottom surface of the tensile force sensor is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base; the fixture mechanism is mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor and is located directly above the tensile force sensor; the acceleration block is located directly below the fixture mechanism and directly above the tensile force sensor; the high-speed tensile mechanism can drive the acceleration block to move in a vertical direction; the high-speed camera is directly opposite to the fixture mechanism; the test component is detachably mounted on the fixture mechanism, and when the test component is mounted on the fixture mechanism, the test component is located directly above the acceleration block, the acceleration block can squeeze the bottom surface of the test component under the drive of the high-speed tensile mechanism, and the high-speed camera can photograph the test component.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamp mechanism includes a left-side clamp assembly and a right-side clamp assembly which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right; the left-side clamp assembly includes a left-side clamp mounting seat, a left-side adjusting screw and a left-side clamping claw; the left-side clamp mounting seat is provided with a left-side adjusting screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the left-side adjusting screw is threadedly engaged in the left-side adjusting screw hole, and the left-side clamping claw is mounted on one end of the left-side adjusting screw; the right-side clamp assembly includes a right-side clamp mounting seat, a right-side adjusting screw and a right-side clamping claw; the right-side clamp mounting seat is provided with a right-side adjusting screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the right-side adjusting screw is threadedly engaged in the right-side adjusting screw hole, and the right-side clamping claw is mounted on one end of the right-side adjusting screw; the left-side clamping claw and the right-side clamping claw are arranged opposite to each other, and the test component is detachably mounted between the left-side clamping claw and the right-side clamping claw.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamp mechanism is installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor through a clamp connecting mechanism; the clamp connecting mechanism includes a connecting platform, a clamping plate, a fixing screw, a connecting column and an anti-shock platform; the connecting platform is a prism-shaped structure with a small surface facing upward and a large surface facing downward, and the large surface of the connecting platform is fixedly installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor; the clamping plate is provided with a connecting platform mounting through hole and a fixing screw hole, the connecting platform is installed in the connecting platform mounting through hole, and the side wall of the connecting platform is fitted with the side wall of the connecting platform mounting through hole; the fixing screw is threadedly fitted in the fixing screw hole and is detachably installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor; the axis of the connecting column is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and its lower end is fixedly installed on the small surface of the connecting platform; the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform is fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting column, and the left clamp mounting seat and the right clamp mounting seat are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of fixing screws are provided, and a plurality of fixing screw holes are evenly distributed and opened on the clamping plate; the number of the fixing screws is consistent with the number of the fixing screw holes and they correspond one to one.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-speed stretching mechanism includes a connecting rod, a gantry pull rod and a high-speed stretching testing machine; the connecting rod is installed at the lower end of the gantry pull rod, and the upper end of the gantry pull rod is installed on the stretching end of the high-speed stretching testing machine; the acceleration block is fixedly installed on the connecting rod.

[0012] Furthermore, a guide column with an axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane is installed on the base, and a guide sleeve is installed on the connecting rod; the guide sleeve is sleeved outside the guide column, and the inner side wall of the guide sleeve is in contact with the side wall of the guide column.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of guide posts are provided, and a plurality of guide sleeves are evenly distributed and installed on the connecting rod along its axial direction; the number of the guide posts and the guide sleeves are consistent and correspond one to one.

[0014] Furthermore, the test component is obtained by scaling down the real component in equal proportion.

[0015] Furthermore, a white primer is sprayed on a surface of the test component opposite to the high-speed camera, and black speckles are sprayed on the white primer.

[0016] In a second aspect, a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test method is applied to the component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system described in any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Spray white primer on the side of the test part opposite to the high-speed camera, and then spray black speckle on the white primer;

[0018] Step 2: Install the test part sprayed with white primer and black speckle between the left jaw and the right jaw;

[0019] Step 3: Control the high-speed tensile testing machine to drive the acceleration block to squeeze the bottom surface of the test component at a set dynamic tensile speed;

[0020] Step 4: Use a high-speed camera to collect the image acquisition signal of the black speckle to obtain the maximum strain of the test component under the dynamic tensile speed condition, use a tensile force sensor to obtain the maximum crushing force of the test component under the dynamic tensile speed condition, and then obtain the energy absorption of the test component under the dynamic tensile speed condition;

[0021] Step 5: Update the dynamic stretching speed and repeat steps 3 to 4 to obtain the maximum strain, maximum crushing force and energy absorption of the test component under different dynamic stretching speed conditions.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The present invention provides a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system and method, wherein the test component is first mounted on a fixture mechanism, and then the high-speed stretching mechanism is controlled to drive the acceleration block to extrude the bottom surface of the test component at a set dynamic stretching speed, and at the same time, the test component is photographed using a high-speed camera to obtain the maximum strain of the test component under the dynamic stretching speed condition, and a stretching force sensor is used to obtain the maximum crushing force of the test component under the dynamic stretching speed condition, and the energy absorption of the test component under the dynamic stretching speed condition can also be obtained. Finally, the dynamic stretching speed is updated to obtain the maximum strain, maximum crushing force and energy absorption of the test component under different dynamic stretching speed conditions. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can solve the problem of dynamic response analysis under complex stress conditions and provide advanced technical support for research and application in related fields.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, when it is necessary to install the test component on the clamp mechanism, the test component is placed between the left jaw and the right jaw, and the left adjusting screw and the right adjusting screw are adjusted to reduce the distance between the left jaw and the right jaw, so that the left jaw and the right jaw are respectively clamped on the left and right sides of the test component, thereby achieving the installation of the test component on the clamp mechanism; when it is necessary to remove the test component from the clamp mechanism, the left adjusting screw and the right adjusting screw are adjusted to expand the distance between the left jaw and the right jaw, so that the left jaw and the right jaw are respectively separated from the left and right sides of the test component, thereby removing the test component from the clamp mechanism.

[0025] 3. In the present invention, the connecting platform is pressed against the top surface of the tensile force sensor by a clamping plate and a fixing screw, thereby fixing the anti-shock platform on the top surface of the tensile force sensor, and then the left clamp mounting seat and the right clamp mounting seat are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform, thereby realizing the installation of the clamp mechanism on the top surface of the tensile force sensor.

[0026] 4. In the present invention, the acceleration block is installed on the stretching end of the high-speed tensile testing machine through a connecting rod and a gantry pull rod. By adjusting the program of the high-speed tensile testing machine, the acceleration block can be driven to extrude the bottom surface of the test component at different dynamic stretching speeds.

[0027] 5. In the present invention, a guide column is installed on the base, and a guide sleeve is installed on the connecting rod. The guide sleeve is sleeved outside the guide column and the inner wall of the guide sleeve is in contact with the side wall of the guide column, so that the connecting rod can only move in the vertical direction, thereby driving the acceleration block to move only in the vertical direction, thereby guiding the acceleration block.

[0028] 6. In the present invention, the test component is obtained by scaling down the real component in equal proportion. The use of the test component for experiments can accurately reflect whether the structural design of the real component is reasonable.

[0029] 7. In the present invention, a white primer is sprayed on the side of the test component opposite to the high-speed camera, and black speckles are sprayed on the white primer. The black speckles can be photographed with a high-speed camera to obtain the deformation of the black speckles and further obtain the maximum strain of the test component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamp mechanism in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is an overall flow chart of a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test method in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure: 1-base; 2-tensile force sensor; 3-pressure plate; 4-connecting table; 5-support table; 6-acceleration block; 7-connecting column; 8-test component; 9-right adjusting screw; 10-right clamping claw; 11-right fixture mounting seat; 12-anti-impact table; 13-guide column; 14-connecting rod; 15-gantry pull rod; 16-high-speed camera; 17-guide sleeve; 18-left fixture mounting seat; 19-left clamping claw; 20-left adjusting screw; 21-fixing screw hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0039] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, the numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0041] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0042] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system includes a base 1, and also includes a tensile force sensor 2, a fixture mechanism, an acceleration block 6, a high-speed stretching mechanism, a high-speed camera 16 and a test component 8; the bottom surface of the tensile force sensor 2 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base 1; the fixture mechanism is mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor 2 and is located directly above the tensile force sensor 2; the acceleration block 6 is located directly below the fixture mechanism and directly above the tensile force sensor 2; the high-speed stretching mechanism can drive the acceleration block 6 to move in the vertical direction; the high-speed camera 16 is directly opposite to the fixture mechanism; the test component 8 is detachably mounted on the fixture mechanism, and when the test component 8 is mounted on the fixture mechanism, the test component 8 is located directly above the acceleration block 6, and the acceleration block 6 can squeeze the bottom surface of the test component 8 driven by the high-speed stretching mechanism, and the high-speed camera 16 can take a picture of the test component 8.

[0045] In this embodiment, the clamp mechanism includes a left clamp assembly and a right clamp assembly which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right; the left clamp assembly includes a left clamp mounting seat 18, a left adjusting screw 20 and a left claw 19; the left clamp mounting seat 18 is provided with a left adjusting screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the left adjusting screw 20 is threadedly engaged in the left adjusting screw hole, and the left claw 19 is installed on one end of the left adjusting screw 20; the right clamp assembly includes a right clamp mounting seat 11, a right adjusting screw 9 and a right claw 10; the right clamp mounting seat 11 is provided with a right adjusting screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the right adjusting screw 9 is threadedly engaged in the right adjusting screw hole, and the right claw 10 is installed on one end of the right adjusting screw 9; the left claw 19 and the right claw 10 are arranged opposite to each other, and the test component 8 is detachably installed between the left claw 19 and the right claw 10.

[0046] Specifically, when the test component 8 needs to be installed on the clamp mechanism, the test component 8 is placed between the left jaw 19 and the right jaw 10, and the left adjusting screw 20 and the right adjusting screw 9 are adjusted to shorten the distance between the left jaw 19 and the right jaw 10, so that the left jaw 19 and the right jaw 10 are respectively clamped on the left and right sides of the test component 8, thereby achieving the installation of the test component 8 on the clamp mechanism; when the test component 8 needs to be removed from the clamp mechanism, the left adjusting screw 20 and the right adjusting screw 9 are adjusted to expand the distance between the left jaw 19 and the right jaw 10, so that the left jaw 19 and the right jaw 10 are respectively separated from the left and right sides of the test component 8, thereby removing the test component 8 from the clamp mechanism.

[0047] In this embodiment, the clamp mechanism is installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor 2 through a clamp connecting mechanism; the clamp connecting mechanism includes a connecting platform 4, a clamping plate 3, a fixing screw, a connecting column 7 and an anti-shock platform 12; the connecting platform 4 is a prism-shaped structure with a small surface facing upward and a large surface facing downward, and the large surface of the connecting platform 4 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor 2; the clamping plate 3 is provided with a connecting platform mounting through hole and a fixing screw hole 21, the connecting platform 4 is installed through the connecting platform mounting through hole, and the side wall of the connecting platform 4 is fitted with the side wall of the connecting platform mounting through hole; the fixing screw thread is fitted in the fixing screw hole 21 and is detachably installed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor 2; the axis of the connecting column 7 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and its lower end is fixedly installed on the small surface of the connecting platform 4; the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform 12 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting column 7, and the left clamp mounting seat 18 and the right clamp mounting seat 11 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform 12.

[0048] Specifically, a support platform 5 is installed on the small surface of the connecting platform 4 , and the connecting column 7 is installed on the top surface of the supporting platform 5 , so that the connecting column 7 is fixedly installed on the small surface of the connecting platform 4 through the supporting platform 5 .

[0049] In this embodiment, a plurality of fixing screws are provided, and a plurality of fixing screw holes 21 are evenly distributed and opened on the clamping plate 3; the number of the fixing screws and the fixing screw holes 21 are consistent and correspond one to one, so as to ensure that the connecting platform 4 can be more stably pressed on the top surface of the tensile force sensor 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the installation of the clamp mechanism.

[0050] In this embodiment, the high-speed stretching mechanism includes a connecting rod 14, a gantry pull rod 15 and a high-speed stretching testing machine; the connecting rod 14 is installed at the lower end of the gantry pull rod 15, and the upper end of the gantry pull rod 15 is installed on the stretching end of the high-speed stretching testing machine; the acceleration block 6 is fixedly installed on the connecting rod 14, and by adjusting the program of the high-speed stretching testing machine, the acceleration block 6 can be driven to extrude the bottom surface of the test component 8 at different dynamic stretching speeds.

[0051] Specifically, the high-speed tensile testing machine is a Zwick / Roll HTM5020 high-speed tensile testing machine.

[0052] In this embodiment, a guide column 13 with an axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane is installed on the base 1, and a guide sleeve 17 is installed on the connecting rod 14; the guide sleeve 17 is sleeved outside the guide column 13, and the inner side wall of the guide sleeve 17 is in contact with the side wall of the guide column 13, so that the connecting rod 14 can only move in the vertical direction, thereby driving the acceleration block 6 to move only in the vertical direction, thereby playing a role in guiding the acceleration block 6.

[0053] In this embodiment, a plurality of guide columns 13 are provided, and a plurality of guide sleeves 17 are evenly distributed and installed on the connecting rod 14 along its axial direction; the number of the guide columns 13 and the guide sleeves 17 are consistent and correspond one to one, so as to ensure the stability of the guide columns 13 and the guide sleeves 17 in guiding the connecting rod 14, and further ensure the stability of the guide of the acceleration block 6.

[0054] In this embodiment, the test component 8 is obtained by scaling down the real component in equal proportion. Using the test component 8 to conduct experiments can accurately reflect whether the structural design of the real component is reasonable.

[0055] In this embodiment, a white primer is sprayed on the surface of the test component 8 opposite to the high-speed camera 16, and black speckles are sprayed on the white primer. The black speckles can be photographed using the high-speed camera 16 to obtain the deformation of the black speckles and further obtain the maximum strain of the test component 8.

[0056] Embodiment 2:

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, a component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test method is applied to the component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system described in any one of the embodiments 1, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: spray white primer on the side of the test component 8 opposite to the high-speed camera 16, and then spray black speckle on the white primer;

[0059] Step 2: Install the test component 8 sprayed with white primer and black speckles between the left clamping jaw 19 and the right clamping jaw 10;

[0060] Step 3: Control the high-speed tensile testing machine to drive the acceleration blocks 6 of different weights to squeeze the bottom surface of the test component 8 at a set dynamic tensile speed;

[0061] Step 4: Use the high-speed camera 16 to collect the image acquisition signal of the black speckle to obtain the maximum strain of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition, use the tensile force sensor 2 to obtain the maximum crushing force of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition, and then obtain the energy absorption of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition;

[0062] Specifically, the image acquisition signal is a DIC image acquisition signal. In this embodiment, the DIC digital image testing technology is used to obtain the deformation of the test component 8;

[0063] Step 5: Update the dynamic stretching speed, repeat steps 3 to 4, and obtain the maximum strain, maximum crushing force and energy absorption of the test component 8 under different dynamic stretching speed conditions.

[0064] Embodiment 3:

[0065] The dynamic crush test system for the component-level scaled model provided in Example 1 was used, and the dynamic crush test method for the component-level scaled model provided in Example 2 was applied to perform a dynamic crush test A on a scaled component of a metal material. The material A, implementation steps A, and test results A are as follows:

[0066] Material A: Aluminum alloy rectangular tube 6061-T6 (size: 100*40*40, thickness 2mm).

[0067] Implementation Step A:

[0068] Step A1: spray white primer on the side of the test component 8 opposite to the high-speed camera 16, and then spray black speckle on the white primer;

[0069] Step A2: After drying the test component 8 in the shade, install it between the left clamping claw 19 and the right clamping claw 10, and ensure the stability of the connection at each location;

[0070] Step A3: Adjust the position of the stretching end on the high-speed tensile testing machine and clamp it with the upper end of the gantry pull rod 15, and further fine-tune the position of the telescopic end on the high-speed tensile testing machine to ensure that the acceleration block 6 is within 0 to 5 mm above the support platform 5;

[0071] Step A4: using a high-speed camera 16 to focus on and calibrate the position of the black speckle on the test component 8, using DIC digital image testing technology to obtain the maximum strain of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition, using a tensile force sensor 2 to obtain the maximum crushing force of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition, and then obtaining the energy absorption of the test component 8 under the dynamic tensile speed condition;

[0072] Step A5: adjusting the program of the high-speed tensile testing machine, setting different dynamic tensile speeds (0-20 m / s), and ensuring the synchronous acquisition of the maximum crushing force and the DIC image acquisition signal;

[0073] Step A6: Based on the collected maximum crushing force and DIC image acquisition signal, parameters such as the force-displacement curve and stress-strain curve of the test component under different dynamic tensile speeds (i.e., dynamic crushing speeds) can also be obtained.

[0074] Test Result A:

[0075]

[0076] The materials B, implementation steps B and test results B of the traditional static crush test B for metal materials are as follows:

[0077] Material B: Aluminum alloy rectangular tube 6061-T6 (size: 100*40*40, thickness 1mm).

[0078] Implementation Step B:

[0079] Step B1: Install the test component on a conventional static crush test device;

[0080] Step B2: Perform a crush test at a constant speed (0.01 m / s);

[0081] Step B3: Record the force-displacement data of the test component during the crushing process.

[0082] Test result B:

[0083]

[0084] By comparing the two experiments in this Example 3, it can be seen that the component-level scaled model dynamic crush test system and method provided by the present invention can characterize the characteristics of the test component under different dynamic crushing speeds, and can better reflect the actual application conditions compared to the traditional static crush test.

[0085] Embodiment 4:

[0086] The component-level scaled model dynamic crush test system provided in Example 1 was used, and the component-level scaled model dynamic crush test method provided in Example 2 was applied to conduct a dynamic crush test C on a scaled component of a non-metallic composite material. The material C, implementation steps C, and test results C are as follows:

[0087] Material C: Carbon fiber composite material round tube, matrix is ​​epoxy resin T700 (size: 80*50*50mm, thickness 1.5mm).

[0088] Implementation step C: Perform the dynamic crush test A on the metal material scaled component in the same manner as in Example 3.

[0089] Test Result C:

[0090]

[0091] The materials, implementation steps and test results of the traditional drop weight dynamic crushing test for non-metallic composite materials are as follows:

[0092] Material D: Carbon fiber composite material round tube, matrix is ​​epoxy resin T700 (size: 80*50*50mm, thickness 1.5mm).

[0093] Implementation Step D:

[0094] Step D1: Install the test component on a conventional drop weight test apparatus;

[0095] Step D2: setting the height of the drop hammer to achieve a corresponding impact speed (e.g., 10 m / s, 20 m / s);

[0096] Step D3: Record the force-displacement data of the specimen during the crushing process.

[0097] Test result D:

[0098]

[0099] By comparing the two experiments of this embodiment 4, it can be seen that the component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system and method provided by the present invention can more accurately control the test process and obtain more precise test results.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system, comprising a base (1), It is characterized in that It also includes a tensile force sensor (2), a clamping mechanism, an acceleration block (6), a high-speed tensile mechanism, a high-speed camera (16) and a test component (8); The bottom surface of the tensile force sensor (2) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base (1); The clamp mechanism is mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor (2) and is located directly above the tensile force sensor (2); The acceleration block (6) is located directly below the clamp mechanism and directly above the tensile force sensor (2); The high-speed stretching mechanism can drive the acceleration block (6) to move in the vertical direction; The high-speed camera (16) is facing the clamp mechanism; The test component (8) is detachably mounted on the clamp mechanism. When the test component (8) is mounted on the clamp mechanism, the test component (8) is located directly above the acceleration block (6). The acceleration block (6) can squeeze the bottom surface of the test component (8) under the drive of the high-speed stretching mechanism, and the high-speed camera (16) can photograph the test component (8).

2. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The clamp mechanism comprises a left clamp component and a right clamp component which are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides; The left clamp assembly comprises a left clamp mounting seat (18), a left adjusting screw (20) and a left clamping claw (19); The left clamp mounting seat (18) is provided with a left adjustment screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the left adjustment screw rod (20) is threadedly engaged in the left adjustment screw hole, and the left clamping claw (19) is mounted on one end of the left adjustment screw rod (20); The right clamp assembly comprises a right clamp mounting seat (11), a right adjusting screw (9) and a right clamping claw (10); The right clamp mounting seat (11) is provided with a right adjustment screw hole whose axis is parallel to the horizontal plane, the right adjustment screw rod (9) is threadedly engaged in the right adjustment screw hole, and the right clamping claw (10) is mounted on one end of the right adjustment screw rod (9); The left clamping claw (19) and the right clamping claw (10) are arranged opposite to each other, and the testing component (8) is detachably installed between the left clamping claw (19) and the right clamping claw (10).

3. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The clamp mechanism is mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor (2) via a clamp connection mechanism; The clamp connection mechanism comprises a connection platform (4), a pressing plate (3), a fixing screw, a connection column (7) and an anti-impact platform (12); The connecting platform (4) is a prism-shaped structure with a small surface facing upward and a large surface facing downward, and the large surface of the connecting platform (4) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor (2); The clamping plate (3) is provided with a connecting platform installation through hole and a fixing screw hole (21), the connecting platform (4) is installed through the connecting platform installation through hole, and the side wall of the connecting platform (4) is in contact with the side wall of the connecting platform installation through hole; The fixing screw is threadably engaged in the fixing screw hole (21) and is detachably mounted on the top surface of the tensile force sensor (2); The axis of the connecting column (7) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the lower end thereof is fixedly mounted on the small surface of the connecting platform (4); The bottom surface of the anti-shock platform (12) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the connecting column (7), and the left clamp mounting seat (18) and the right clamp mounting seat (11) are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the anti-shock platform (12).

4. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 3, It is characterized in that A plurality of fixing screw rods are provided, and a plurality of fixing screw holes (21) are evenly distributed and opened on the pressing plate (3); The number of the fixing screws and the fixing screw holes (21) are consistent and correspond one to one.

5. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The high-speed stretching mechanism comprises a connecting rod (14), a gantry pull rod (15) and a high-speed stretching testing machine; The connecting rod (14) is mounted on the lower end of the gantry pull rod (15), and the upper end of the gantry pull rod (15) is mounted on the tensile end of the high-speed tensile testing machine; The acceleration block (6) is fixedly mounted on the connecting rod (14).

6. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 5, It is characterized in that A guide column (13) with an axis perpendicular to a horizontal plane is installed on the base (1), and a guide sleeve (17) is installed on the connecting rod (14); The guide sleeve (17) is sleeved outside the guide column (13), and the inner side wall of the guide sleeve (17) is in contact with the side wall of the guide column (13).

7. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 6, It is characterized in that A plurality of guide posts (13) are provided, and a plurality of guide sleeves (17) are evenly distributed and installed on the connecting rod (14) along its axial direction; The number of the guide posts (13) and the guide sleeves (17) are the same and correspond one to one.

8. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The test component (8) is obtained by scaling down the real component in equal proportion.

9. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A white primer is sprayed on the surface of the test component (8) opposite to the high-speed camera (16), and black speckles are sprayed on the white primer.

10. A component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test method, applied to the component-level scaled model dynamic crushing test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: spray white primer on the side of the test component (8) opposite to the high-speed camera (16), and then spray black speckles on the white primer; Step 2: Install the test component (8) sprayed with white primer and black speckles between the left clamping jaw (19) and the right clamping jaw (10); Step 3: Control the high-speed tensile testing machine to drive the acceleration block (6) to squeeze the bottom surface of the test component (8) at a set dynamic tensile speed; Step 4: using a high-speed camera (16) to collect an image acquisition signal of the black speckle to obtain the maximum strain of the test component (8) under the dynamic tensile speed condition, using a tensile force sensor (2) to obtain the maximum crushing force of the test component (8) under the dynamic tensile speed condition, and further obtaining the energy absorption of the test component (8) under the dynamic tensile speed condition; Step 5: Update the dynamic stretching speed, and repeat steps 3 to 4 to obtain the maximum strain, maximum crushing force and energy absorption of the test component (8) under different dynamic stretching speed conditions.

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