A cultivation system and method based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection

Abstract

The present invention provides a cultivation system and method based on the combination of stereoscopic cultivation and photoelectric collection, comprising more than two stereoscopic supports, a reflective curved panel and a solar energy collection device, wherein the reflective curved panel is arranged on both sides of the stereoscopic supports, and the solar energy collection device is arranged between two adjacent stereoscopic supports, and the two sides of the solar energy collection device are respectively connected to the reflective curved panels arranged on the two stereoscopic supports, and more than two groups of cultivation troughs are arranged on the reflective curved panels along the height direction of the reflective curved panels, and the surfaces connecting the cultivation troughs and the reflective curved panels are arranged parallel to the tangents of the installation points of the cultivation troughs on the reflective curved panels, and the reflective curved panels located on both sides of the solar energy collection device form paraboloids with openings upward, and the solar energy collection device is located at the reflection intersection of the paraboloids; the present invention can solve the problem of uneven light distribution, and at the same time collect and utilize excess sunlight that does not meet the growth needs of plants, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation system and method based on the combination of stereoscopic cultivation and photoelectric collection. Background Art

[0002] Three-dimensional cultivation, also known as vertical cultivation, is three-dimensional soilless cultivation. As the main application form of current facility agriculture, three-dimensional soilless cultivation develops in space through columnar cultivation erected on all sides or vertical gradient layered cultivation in the form of scaffolding or hanging without affecting plane cultivation. It makes full use of various cultivation conditions such as time, space and light, effectively exerts the production potential of limited land, and at the same time improves the utilization rate of land and natural resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer, and air, and truly makes the best use of the land and materials, establishes a good agricultural ecological and economic complex, solves the contradictions of too many people and too little land, and the competition for land between grain crops and other economic crops, and improves the output per unit of land. It is a form of cultivation and planting that achieves high quality, high yield, high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.

[0003] For example, the patent document with Chinese patent application number 202321385016.X, classification number A01G31 / 06, and announcement date 2023.08.09 discloses a three-dimensional cultivation system, including a three-dimensional cultivation support, a fill light device and a liquid circulation system, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation support is provided with several layers of cultivation brackets, and each layer of cultivation brackets is provided with a cultivation trough; a fill light device is provided above each layer of cultivation brackets, and the liquid circulation system includes a sealed liquid storage tank, a liquid pump, a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid discharge pipeline, the liquid pump extracts liquid from the sealed water storage tank and transports it to each cultivation trough through the liquid inlet pipeline, and the liquid in each cultivation trough is discharged from the cultivation trough along the drainage pipeline and returned to the sealed liquid storage tank.

[0004] The above document is to ensure the consistency of the light intensity of the upper and lower layers of the three-dimensional cultivation support by setting a supplementary light device between the cultivation racks, thereby ensuring the photosynthesis of crops and the uniformity of crop growth. However, during the day, due to the obstruction of the upper cultivation rack, the above cultivation rack is prone to cause the plants in the middle and lower cultivation racks to receive weak sunlight, resulting in the problem of uneven distribution and utilization of sunlight. At the same time, due to the difference in light intensity in the north-south direction of the greenhouse, the sunlight received by the plants in the north-south direction on the same layer of cultivation racks is also uneven. Moreover, the demand for sunlight is different in different growth cycles of plants, and there is no collection and utilization of excess sunlight beyond the growth needs of plants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation system and method based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection, which can solve the problem of uneven light distribution in the upper and lower layers of the three-dimensional cultivation frame and in the length direction of the three-dimensional cultivation frame, and at the same time collect and utilize excess sunlight beyond the needs of plant growth, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides, on one hand, a cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection, comprising more than two three-dimensional supports, reflective curved panels and a solar energy collection device, wherein the reflective curved panels are arranged on both sides of the three-dimensional supports, and a solar energy collection device is arranged between two adjacent three-dimensional supports, and the two sides of the solar energy collection device are respectively connected to the reflective curved panels arranged on the two three-dimensional supports, and more than two groups of cultivation troughs are arranged on the reflective curved panels along the height direction of the reflective curved panels, and the surfaces connecting the cultivation troughs and the reflective curved panels are arranged parallel to the tangents of the installation points of the cultivation troughs on the reflective curved panels, and the reflective curved panels located on both sides of the solar energy collection device form a parabola opening upward, and the solar energy collection device is located at the reflection intersection of the parabola.

[0007] In the above arrangement, since the reflective curves on both sides form a parabolic surface with an opening upward, and the tangent directions of the connection points between the cultivation troughs and the reflective curved panel are parallel, the connection lines of the plants cultivated on the multiple cultivation troughs are parallel to the parabola of the reflective curved panel. Therefore, when the incident light can enter the solar energy collection device through reflection, most of the green light and a small amount of red and blue light reflected by the plant leaves at noon are reflected onto the solar cell, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. At the same time, when the sunlight in the morning or afternoon is inclined with the parabola, the sunlight obliquely incident on the south side of the three-dimensional cultivation frame is reflected by the reflective curved panel to the reflective curved panel on the other side. After multiple reflections, the light extends to the north side of the cultivation frame, thereby making the light on the reflective curved panels on both sides and in the north-south direction of the three-dimensional cultivation frame sufficiently uniform, ensuring the growth needs of plants in various parts of the cultivation frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the height difference between the cultivation troughs is 0.4-0.6 m, the height of the three-dimensional support is 1.5-3 m, and the distance from the center of the solar energy collection device to the three-dimensional support is 0.7-2 m.

[0009] The above arrangement, through the center of the solar energy collection device to the three-dimensional bracket and the height arrangement of the three-dimensional bracket, enables the incident light at noon to better enter the solar energy collection device under the action of the parabola.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the reflective curved panel and a tangent line passing through a connection point between the reflective curved panel and the top of the three-dimensional bracket is 20° to 30°.

[0011] The above arrangement can prevent the reflective curved panel fixed on the three-dimensional bracket from being too steep and unable to reflect sunlight to the solar energy collection device.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle between the reflective curved panel and a tangent line passing through a connection point between the reflective curved panel and one side of the solar energy collection device is 30° to 40°.

[0013] The above arrangement can prevent the reflective curved panel fixed on the three-dimensional bracket from being too flat and unable to reflect sunlight to the solar energy collection device.

[0014] Furthermore, a water and fertilizer supply main pipe is provided at the bottom of the reflective curved panel, and more than two water and fertilizer supply branch pipes are provided on the water and fertilizer supply main pipe, and the water and fertilizer supply branch pipes are connected to the cultivation trough.

[0015] The above arrangement converts excess solar energy into electrical energy through a solar energy collection device and stores it in a battery, and transmits the electrical energy to a water and fertilizer supply pump as a driving energy source, and transmits water and fertilizer to a water and fertilizer supply branch pipe through a water and fertilizer supply main pipe, and then to a cultivation trough, thereby realizing energy storage and self-driven fertilization and irrigation of the cultivation device.

[0016] Furthermore, the cultivation trough includes a bottom plate and a side plate, one end of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the reflective curved plate, the other end of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to one end of the side plate, baffles are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, the two baffles are respectively connected to the two sides of the side plate, the side plate is arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate, a culture matrix is ​​arranged in the cultivation trough, plants are arranged on the culture matrix, and the straight line where the plant's growth direction is located is arranged perpendicular to the straight line where the bottom plate is located.

[0017] The above arrangement forms a cultivation trough through the bottom plate, the baffle plate and the side plate, and the plants on the cultivation trough are arranged vertically to the bottom plate, so that the incident light at noon can enter the solar energy collection device under the reflection of the plants.

[0018] Furthermore, the solar energy collection device includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a battery and a cover plate, the cover plate is installed on the solar photovoltaic panel, the battery is installed at the bottom of the solar photovoltaic panel, and the battery is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel.

[0019] With the above arrangement, the solar photovoltaic panels can collect sunlight reflected by the reflective curved panels and plant leaves to generate electricity and store it in batteries. At the same time, the covering panels can protect the solar photovoltaic panels from being damaged.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention provides a cultivation method based on a cultivation system combining stereoscopic cultivation and photoelectric collection, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1 presets the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel;

[0022] S2 calculates the maximum receiving angle of the solar photovoltaic panel to receive sunlight t hours before and after noon. The formula is as follows:

[0023] ;

[0024] S3 is based on the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel and the maximum receiving angle in step S2 α Calculate the height H of the stereo support using the following formula:

[0025] ;

[0026] S4 calculates the distance L from one side of the solar photovoltaic panel to the three-dimensional bracket through geometric relationships. The formula is as follows:

[0027] ;

[0028] S5 fixes the three-dimensional bracket on the ground, and then installs the solar photovoltaic panel on the ground, so that the distance between the solar photovoltaic panel and the three-dimensional bracket is L, and the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged parallel to the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket;

[0029] S6 fixes the reflective curved panel on both sides of the three-dimensional bracket, and makes one end of the reflective curved panel fixedly connected to the top of the three-dimensional bracket, and the other end of the reflective curved panel fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate, and then marks the installation points of the cultivation trough on the reflective curved panel, and at the same time, the installation points are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket, and then the cultivation trough is installed on the installation point, so that the cultivation trough is arranged parallel to the tangent of the cultivation trough at the installation point on the reflective curved panel, and finally the plant is cultivated in the cultivation trough through the culture matrix.

[0030] According to the above settings, the area of ​​sunlight shining on the reflective curved panel is the largest at solar noon. Since the area of ​​sunlight shining on the reflective curved panel within t hours before and after solar noon is second only to the area of ​​sunlight shining on the reflective curved panel at solar noon, in order to ensure that as much sunlight as possible shining on the reflective curved panel within t hours before and after solar noon is reflected onto the solar photovoltaic panel, it is necessary to determine the maximum receiving angle within t hours before and after solar noon, and then the maximum receiving angle can be used to calculate the distance L of the three-dimensional bracket from one side of the solar energy collection device to the three-dimensional bracket, so that the plants on the reflective curved panel can be cultivated while the sunlight shining on the reflective curved panel can be reflected onto the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby collecting excess sunlight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the reflective curved panel and the solar energy collection device in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention in different time periods of morning, noon and afternoon.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of sunlight reflection of plants in the seedling stage in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of sunlight reflection of plants at maturity stage in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a cultivation system based on the combination of stereoscopic cultivation and photoelectric collection, including more than two stereoscopic brackets 9, a reflective curved panel 1 and a solar energy collection device, wherein the reflective curved panel 1 is arranged on both sides of the stereoscopic bracket 9. In this embodiment, the stereoscopic bracket 9 is provided with a support tube 91, and the support tube 91 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stereoscopic bracket 9. In this way, when the reflective curved panel 1 is installed on the stereoscopic bracket 9, after one end of the reflective curved panel 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the stereoscopic bracket 9 and the other end of the reflective curved panel 1 is fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate 3, the middle part of the reflective curved panel 1 can be fixedly supported by the support tube 91, thereby improving the stability of the reflective curved panel 1 installed on the stereoscopic bracket 9. In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the entire cultivation system is arranged in a greenhouse shed 15 , the top of the greenhouse shed 15 is transparent, and sunlight passing through the top of the greenhouse shed 15 is not refracted.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the angle between the reflective curved panel 1 and the tangent line passing through the connection point between the reflective curved panel 1 and the top of the three-dimensional bracket 9 is β The angle between the reflective curved panel 1 and the tangent of the connection point between the reflective curved panel 1 and the solar energy collection device is 20° to 30°, which can prevent the reflective curved panel 1 fixed on the three-dimensional bracket 9 from being too steep to reflect sunlight to the solar energy collection device; γ The angle between the reflective curved panel 1 and the tangent line passing through the connection point between the reflective curved panel 1 and the top of the three-dimensional bracket 9 is 30° to 40°, which can prevent the reflective curved panel 1 fixed on the three-dimensional bracket 9 from being too flat to reflect sunlight to the solar energy collection device. β , β The value of is 20°, and the angle between the reflective curved panel 1 and the tangent line passing through the connection point between the reflective curved panel 1 and one side of the solar energy collection device is γ , γ The value is 30°.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket 9 is the north-south direction, and the two sides of the solar energy collecting device arranged between two adjacent three-dimensional brackets 9 are respectively connected to the reflective curved panels 1 arranged on the two three-dimensional brackets 9, so that in the morning and afternoon time periods, the sunlight 16 irradiated from one side of the three-dimensional bracket 9 to the reflective curved panel 1 can be reflected along the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket 9 by two different reflective curved panels 1, so that the irradiation of the sunlight 16 in the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket 9 is more uniform, and the reflective curved panel 1 is provided with more than two groups of cultivation troughs 5 arranged along the height direction of the reflective curved panel 1, and the height difference between the cultivation troughs 5 is 0 .4~0.6m. In the present embodiment, four groups of cultivation troughs 5 are provided. The four groups of cultivation troughs 5 are arranged in parallel. The vertical height between two adjacent groups of cultivation troughs 5 is 0.4m. The surface where the cultivation trough 5 is connected to the reflective curved panel is parallel to the tangent of the installation point of the cultivation trough 5 on the reflective curved panel 1. The reflective curved panels 1 located on both sides of the solar energy collection device form a parabola with an opening upward. The solar energy collection device is located at the reflection intersection of the parabola. In this way, the position of the cultivation trough 5 on the three-dimensional bracket 9 can be ensured. At the same time, the plants planted between the cultivation troughs 5 can be connected. The connecting line is parallel to the reflective curved panel 1. In this way, when the plants are cultivated to maturity, Figure 5 As shown, since plants absorb less green light and more red and blue light in sunlight during the mature stage, after the plant leaves are irradiated with sunlight, the plant leaves can reflect sunlight 19, which is mainly green light and contains a small amount of red and blue light, to the solar photovoltaic panel 2 for collection, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. In this embodiment, the plants are leafy vegetables 4, including the leafy vegetable seedling stage and the leafy vegetable mature stage. During the leafy vegetable seedling stage, the solar photovoltaic panel 2 mainly collects the sunlight 18 reflected by the reflective curved panel 1. During the leafy vegetable mature stage, the solar photovoltaic panel 2 mainly collects the sunlight 19, which is mainly green light and contains a small amount of red and blue light, reflected by the plant leaves.

[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a water and fertilizer supply pipe 7 is provided at the bottom of the reflective curved panel 1, and the water and fertilizer supply pipe 7 is connected to a water and fertilizer storage tank 14 through a connecting pipe 10, and a water and fertilizer supply branch pipe 8 is provided on the water and fertilizer supply pipe 7, and the water and fertilizer supply branch pipe 8 is connected to a cultivation trough 5, and a cultivation matrix 6 is provided on the cultivation trough 5, so that water and fertilizer can be transported to the water and fertilizer supply branch pipe 8 through the water and fertilizer supply pipe 7, and then transported to the cultivation trough 5, and plants can be cultivated on the cultivation trough 5 through the cultivation matrix 6. The water pump 13 is controlled to open and close according to the water and fertilizer conditions in the cultivation matrix 6, and the water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer storage tank are driven into the cultivation trough 5 to achieve fertilization and irrigation.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the solar energy collection device includes a solar photovoltaic panel 2, a battery and a cover plate 3. The cover plate 3 can be detachably mounted on the solar photovoltaic panel 2, and the battery is mounted at the bottom of the solar photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 4-5 As shown, the solar photovoltaic panel 2 can collect sunlight 16, sunlight 18 reflected by the reflective curved panel 1 during the plant seedling stage, and sunlight 19 mainly green light and containing a small amount of red and blue light reflected by the plant leaves during the plant mature stage to generate electricity and store it in the battery. At the same time, the cover plate 3 can protect the solar photovoltaic panel 2 from being damaged.

[0042] In this embodiment, the height of the three-dimensional support 9 is 1.5-3 m, the distance from the center of the solar energy collection device to the three-dimensional support is 0.7-2 m, and the width of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is 0.4-0.6 m.

[0043] In this embodiment, a method of a cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection includes the following specific steps:

[0044] S1 presets the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 . In this embodiment, the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is 0.4 m.

[0045] S2 calculates the maximum receiving angle of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 receiving sunlight t hours before and after noon, and the formula is as follows:

[0046] ,

[0047] In this embodiment, t=2, the maximum receiving angle is calculated α =30°, which can ensure that within 2 hours before and after noon, that is, from 10 am to 2 pm, the sunlight is irradiated on the reflective curved panel 1 to the maximum extent and reflected to the solar energy collection device.

[0048] S3 is based on the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 and the maximum receiving angle in step S2 α The height H of the three-dimensional support 9 is calculated using the following formula:

[0049] (1);

[0050] According to the above formula (1), for a parabola, the parabola coordinates satisfy ;

[0051] Where f is the focal length, and the solar energy collection device only needs to be set at a distance between the focal lengths so that the maximum angle can fall on the solar energy collection device after being reflected by the parabola. This formula is a prior art, and the calculation process will not be deduced here.

[0052] S4 Figure 1 As shown, the distance L between the side of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 away from the three-dimensional support 9 and the three-dimensional support 9 is calculated by geometric relationship, and the formula is as follows:

[0053] .

[0054] S5 fixes the stereoscopic bracket 9 on the ground, and then installs the solar photovoltaic panel 2 on the ground, so that the distance from the side of the solar photovoltaic panel 2 away from the stereoscopic bracket 9 to the stereoscopic bracket 9 is L, and at the same time, the solar photovoltaic panel 2 is arranged parallel to the length direction of the stereoscopic bracket 9.

[0055] S6 fixes the reflective curved panel 1 on both sides of the three-dimensional bracket 9, and makes one end of the reflective curved panel 1 fixedly connected to the top of the three-dimensional bracket 9, and the other end of the reflective curved panel 1 fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate 3, and then marks the installation point of the cultivation trough 5 on the reflective curved panel 1, and makes the installation points spaced along the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket 9, and then installs the cultivation trough 5 on the installation point, so that the cultivation trough 5 is arranged parallel to the tangent of the installation point of the cultivation trough 5 on the reflective curved panel 1, and finally cultivates plants in the cultivation trough 5 through the culture matrix 6.

Claims

1. A cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection, characterized in that: The invention comprises two or more three-dimensional brackets, a reflective curved panel and a solar energy collecting device, wherein the reflective curved panel is arranged on both sides of the three-dimensional brackets, a solar energy collecting device is arranged between two adjacent three-dimensional brackets, both sides of the solar energy collecting device are respectively connected to the reflective curved panels arranged on the two three-dimensional brackets, more than two groups of cultivation troughs are arranged on the reflective curved panel along the height direction of the reflective curved panel, the surface connecting the cultivation trough and the reflective curved panel is arranged parallel to the tangent of the cultivation trough at the installation point on the reflective curved panel, the reflective curved panels located on both sides of the solar energy collecting device form a parabola with an opening upward, and the solar energy collecting device is located at the reflection intersection of the parabola; The solar energy collection device comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a battery and a covering plate. The covering plate is installed on the solar photovoltaic panel, the battery is installed at the bottom of the solar photovoltaic panel, and the battery is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel.

2. A cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference between the cultivation troughs is 0.4-0.6m, the height of the three-dimensional support is 1.5-3m, and the distance from the center of the solar energy collection device to the three-dimensional support is 0.7-2m.

3. A cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the reflective curved panel and the tangent line passing through the connection point between the reflective curved panel and the top of the three-dimensional bracket is 20° to 30°.

4. The cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the reflective curved panel and the tangent line passing through the connection point between the reflective curved panel and one side of the solar energy collection device is 30° to 40°.

5. The cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water and fertilizer supply main pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reflective curved panel, and more than two water and fertilizer supply branch pipes are arranged on the water and fertilizer supply main pipe, and the water and fertilizer supply branch pipes are connected with the cultivation trough.

6. A cultivation system based on the combination of three-dimensional cultivation and photoelectric collection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cultivation trough includes a bottom plate and a side plate, one end of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the reflective curved plate, the other end of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to one end of the side plate, baffles are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, the two baffles are respectively connected to the two sides of the side plate, the side plate is arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate, a culture matrix is ​​arranged in the cultivation trough, plants are arranged on the culture matrix, and the straight line where the plant's growth direction is located is arranged perpendicular to the straight line where the bottom plate is located.

7. A method of using the cultivation system based on the combination of stereoscopic cultivation and photoelectric collection according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 presets the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel; S2 calculates the maximum receiving angle of the solar photovoltaic panel to receive sunlight t hours before and after noon. The formula is as follows: ； S3 is based on the width a of the solar photovoltaic panel and the maximum receiving angle in step S2 α Calculate the height H of the stereo support using the following formula: ； S4 calculates the distance L from one side of the solar photovoltaic panel to the three-dimensional bracket through geometric relationships. The formula is as follows: ； S5 fixes the three-dimensional bracket on the ground, and then installs the solar photovoltaic panel on the ground, so that the distance between the solar photovoltaic panel and the three-dimensional bracket is L, and the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged parallel to the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket; S6 fixes the reflective curved panel on both sides of the three-dimensional bracket, and makes one end of the reflective curved panel fixedly connected to the top of the three-dimensional bracket, and the other end of the reflective curved panel fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate, and then marks the installation points of the cultivation trough on the reflective curved panel, and at the same time, the installation points are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the three-dimensional bracket, and then the cultivation trough is installed on the installation point, so that the cultivation trough is arranged parallel to the tangent of the cultivation trough at the installation point on the reflective curved panel, and finally the plant is cultivated in the cultivation trough through the culture matrix.

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