Conformal polishing device for inner surface of special-shaped hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a shape follow-up polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole. The device comprises a first working chamber, a hollow pneumatic rotating joint located in the first working chamber, a second working chamber located opposite to the first working chamber, an expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism, a positioning device, a high-pressure water pipe and a control center, wherein the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism and the positioning device are located in the second working chamber; a plurality of groups of air guide channels are arranged in the hollow pneumatic rotary joint, and electromagnetic valves for independently controlling the on-off of each air guide channel are arranged on the air guide channels; an air inlet of the air guide channel is formed in the stator part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint and is communicated with the air cylinder through the two-way air pump; and an air outlet of the air guide channel is formed in a rotor of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint. The air bag is inflated through the two-way air pump, the air bag expands to drive the rotary nozzle to move in the direction close to the inner surface of the workpiece, and the special-shaped hole machining device can adapt to machining of special-shaped holes with different inner diameters and variable inner diameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed water jet polishing in surface treatment, in particular to a conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the rapid development of fields such as machinery, medical treatment, aviation and chemistry has led to increasing requirements for polishing processing technology for various parts. Among mechanical parts, parts with complex shapes processed on the inner surface, such as large diameter ratios, stepped holes and special-shaped holes, account for about 1 / 3 of the total mechanical processing. The quality of inner surface processing has an important impact on the performance and life of parts and their products. However, the currently commonly used manual polishing technology is mainly used to deal with tiny defects generated in the heat treatment process. This method is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also inefficient. Manual polishing can usually only process the two ends of the pipe, but cannot effectively process the inner surface of the entire metal special-shaped hole. Although it has a certain effect, it still cannot meet the actual use needs.

[0003] Most of the current tubular parts have complex shapes, such as large diameters, stepped holes, and special-shaped holes, and the existing polishing equipment is often difficult to adjust according to the special-shaped holes with different inner diameters to complete the processing of special-shaped holes. Therefore, it is urgent to develop more efficient polishing processing technology to meet these challenges. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the fact that existing polishing equipment is difficult to adjust according to the special-shaped holes with different inner diameters, the present invention provides a conformal polishing device for the inner surface of special-shaped holes. The present invention inflates the airbag through a two-way air pump, and the airbag expands, driving the rotating nozzle to move toward the inner surface of the workpiece, which can adapt to the processing of special-shaped holes with different inner diameters and variable inner diameters.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole, comprising a first studio, a hollow pneumatic rotary joint located in the first studio, a second studio located opposite the first studio, an expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism and a positioning device located in the second studio, a high-pressure water pipe, and a control center;

[0007] A plurality of groups of air guide channels are arranged in the hollow pneumatic rotary joint, and a solenoid valve for individually controlling the opening and closing of each air guide channel is arranged on the air guide channel; the air inlet of the air guide channel is arranged on the stator part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint, and is connected with the gas cylinder through a two-way air pump; the air outlet of the air guide channel is arranged on the rotor of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint;

[0008] The high-pressure water pipe axially passes through the rotation center line of the rotor part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint, one end of which extends into the second working chamber, and the other end is connected to the water tank through the external water pipe, and the high-pressure water pipe and the external water pipe are connected through the rotary joint; a hydraulic pump is arranged between the high-pressure water pipe and the water tank;

[0009] The expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism includes a propulsion nozzle, a spring, a pressure sensor, a rotating nozzle, an airbag, a metal sheet, a position sensor, a bellows, and a nozzle body. The nozzle body is a hollow structure and is connected to the high-pressure water pipe. A plurality of propulsion nozzles are fixed to the end of the nozzle body and are connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body.

[0010] A plurality of axially arranged air bags are coated on the outside of the nozzle body, and a pressure sensor is arranged inside the air bags; each air bag is connected to an air outlet of the air guide channel through a retractable air guide tube, and the maximum length of the retractable air guide tube after extension is not less than the distance from the end of the workpiece away from the hollow pneumatic rotary joint to the hollow pneumatic rotary joint; the number of the air guide channels is the same as the number of the air bags;

[0011] A metal sheet is arranged outside the airbag, and adjacent metal sheets are connected by springs, and the metal sheets near the two ends of the nozzle body are connected to the nozzle body by springs; a plurality of position sensors and rotating nozzles are installed on the outer surface of the metal sheet and correspond to the position of the airbag, and the rotating nozzle is connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body through a bellows;

[0012] The control center is connected with the electromagnetic valve, the two-way air pump, the hydraulic pump, the pressure sensor and the position sensor signals.

[0013] Furthermore, there are four airbags, and four metal sheets are arranged on the outer circumference of each airbag; and four rotating nozzles are correspondingly arranged for each airbag.

[0014] Furthermore, two rotating nozzles are respectively arranged facing the top and bottom of each airbag.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the propulsion nozzles is 2; the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the second working chamber in a sliding and sealing manner; and the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the external water pipe via a rotating joint.

[0016] Furthermore, a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is arranged between the air inlet and the gas cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the first working chamber is detachably connected to a first end cover, a threaded hole is provided on the pneumatic rotary joint, and the pneumatic rotary joint is connected to the first end cover by bolts.

[0018] Furthermore, one end of the second working chamber is detachably connected with a second end cover; a sealing ring is arranged between the second end cover and the end surface of the second working chamber.

[0019] Furthermore, the second end cover is mounted on the second working chamber by bolts.

[0020] Furthermore, the first working room and the second working room are fixed on a fixing frame, and the fixing frame is fixed on the ground; the inner cavity of the second working room includes a large cavity and a small cavity which are interconnected, the workpiece is clamped in the large cavity, and the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism is movably arranged in the small cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, a drain port communicating with the outside is provided at the bottom of the side wall of the inner cavity of the second working chamber; the drain port is communicated with the water tank, and a two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve connected to the control center signal is provided between the drain port and the water tank.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention inflates the airbag through a two-way air pump, and the airbag expands, driving the rotating nozzle to move toward the inner surface of the workpiece, and can adapt to the processing of special-shaped holes with different inner diameters and variable inner diameters. In the present invention, the position sensor detects the distance between the outer surface of the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism and the inner surface of the special-shaped hole of the workpiece in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control center. The control center obtains the corresponding air pressure value of the airbag according to the distance signal, and guides the injection of the corresponding air pressure inside the airbag according to the air pressure value. The pressure sensor detects the air pressure inside the airbag in real time, and stops injecting gas when the real-time detected air pressure reaches the air pressure value, so that the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism can always be attached to the inner surface of the special-shaped hole during polishing, achieving the "shape-following" effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for polishing the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the mid-expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism. The metal plate in the figure uses a perspective effect to facilitate the location of the airbag and bellows.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram of the medium-expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism.

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Right view of .

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Top view of .

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Enlarged three-dimensional structure diagram of the hollow rotary joint.

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Right view of .

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Top view of .

[0032] In the figure, 1. first end cover, 2. first working room, 3. pneumatic rotary joint, 4. second working room, 5. positioning device, 6. workpiece, 7. second end cover, 8. sealing ring, 9. bolt, 10. drain port, 11. high-pressure water pipe, 12. telescopic air guide pipe, 13. expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism, 14. hydraulic pump, 15. two-way air pump, 16. three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve, 17. two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve, 18. water tank, 19. gas cylinder, 20. control center, 21. fixing frame, 31. propulsion nozzle, 32. spring, 33. pressure sensor, 34. rotating nozzle, 35. air bag, 36. metal sheet, 37. position sensor, 39. bellows, 40. nozzle body, 51. air outlet, 52. air inlet, 53. threaded hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific implementation modes of the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a specific embodiment of the conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole described in the present invention. The polishing device includes a first studio 2, a hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 located in the first studio 2, a second studio 4 located opposite the first studio 2, an expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 and a positioning device 5, a high-pressure water pipe 11, and a control center 20 located in the second studio 4. The positioning device 5 is used to clamp the workpiece 6, the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 is used to process the hole to be processed in the workpiece 6, and the workpiece 6 and the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 are respectively distributed on both sides of the axial direction of the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13, and the central axes of the three are collinear. The first studio 2 and the second studio 4 are fixed on a fixing frame 21, and the fixing frame 21 is fixed to the ground by bolts, so that the first studio 2 and the second studio 4 are placed horizontally.

[0035] One end of the first working room 2 is detachably connected to the first end cover 1, and a threaded hole 53 is provided on the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3, and the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 is connected to the first end cover 1 by bolts. The first end cover 1 can be removed and the upper hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 can be installed, and then the first end cover 1 can be installed to the first working room 2 to achieve the installation of the upper hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3. The hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 is a transition connection sealing device that inputs the gas medium from the static system to the dynamic rotating system, and includes two parts, a stator and a rotor. In this embodiment, the stator part is installed on the first end cover 1. Several groups of air guide channels are arranged in the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3, and the air guide channels are provided with solenoid valves that individually control the on and off of each air guide channel, and the solenoid valves are connected to the control center 20 by signal. One solenoid valve can be provided for each air guide channel, and a solenoid valve with multiple channels and that can individually control the on and off of the channels can also be used, so that each air guide channel works independently. Combined with Figure 6-Figure 8 The air inlet 52 of the air guide channel is arranged at the stator part of the pneumatic rotary joint 3 and is connected to the gas cylinder 19. A two-way air pump 15 is arranged between the air inlet 52 and the gas cylinder 19, and the two-way air pump 15 is connected to the control center 20 by signal. A three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 16 is arranged between the air inlet 52 and the gas cylinder 19, and the three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 16 is used to control the on-off of the total gas circuit. The pipeline for conveying gas is connected to the gas cylinder 19, the two-way air pump 15, the three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 16, the pneumatic rotary joint 3, and the airbag 35 in sequence. Since the two-way air pump 15 can work in both directions, the airbag 35 can be inflated and deflated. Starting the two-way air pump 15 and opening the three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 16 and the electromagnetic valve on the corresponding air inlet 52 or the air outlet 51 can realize the inflation of the corresponding airbag 35, so that the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 can adapt to special-shaped holes with different inner diameters and variable inner diameters. A through hole is formed on the top of the side wall of the first working chamber 2 for passing a pipeline for conveying gas through the pneumatic rotary joint 3. The gas outlet 51 of the gas guide channel is arranged on the rotor of the pneumatic rotary joint 3.

[0036] The high-pressure water pipe 11 axially passes through the rotation center line of the rotor part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3, one end extends into the second working room 4 and communicates with the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13, and the other end is connected to the water tank 18 through an external water pipe, and the high-pressure water pipe 11 and the external water pipe are rotatably connected. In a specific embodiment, the high-pressure water pipe 11 is connected to the external water pipe through a rotary joint to realize the connection between the rotating high-pressure water pipe 11 and the non-rotating external water pipe; and the high-pressure water pipe 11 and the rotor part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 can be relatively movable, specifically relatively movable. The sliding sealing connection between the high-pressure water pipe 11 and the second working room 4 can adopt the existing commonly used sliding sealing methods, such as labyrinth seals and packing seals, to avoid the water flow in the second working room 4 from the connection between it and the high-pressure water pipe 11. A hydraulic pump 14 is arranged between the high-pressure water pipe 11 and the water tank 18, and the hydraulic pump 14 is connected to the control center 20 signal. The water tank 18 is filled with water. By starting the hydraulic pump 14, the water in the water tank 18 can be transported to the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13, and then a high-speed water jet is formed by the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 to polish the surface to be processed of the workpiece 6. When the polishing is completed, the control center 20 controls the hydraulic pump 14 to stop working.

[0037] The second end cover 7 is detachably connected to one end of the second working room 4. A sealing ring 8 is arranged between the second end cover 7 and the end face of the second working room 4 to achieve sealing, and the second end cover 7 is installed on the second working room 4 by bolts 9. When the workpiece 6 needs to be clamped, the second end cover 7 is first removed, and the workpiece 6 is clamped on the positioning device 5 and then the second end cover 7 is installed, so that the workpiece 6 is installed in the second working room 4 to wait for processing, and after the workpiece 6 is installed, the central axis of the special-shaped hole of the workpiece 6 is in line with the central axis of the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13, and the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 faces the special-shaped hole of the workpiece 6. The inner cavity of the second working room 4 includes a large cavity and a small cavity that are interconnected, and the workpiece 6 is clamped in the large cavity. The initial position of the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 is located in the small cavity and the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 can move in the small cavity, and a gap is left between the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 and the inner wall of the small cavity. In the initial state, the special-shaped hole of the workpiece 6 is not in contact with the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13. A drain port 10 communicating with the outside is provided at the bottom of the inner side wall of the second working chamber 4. The drain port 10 is communicated with a water tank 18, and a two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 17 connected to the control center 20 signal is provided between the drain port 10 and the water tank 18. After the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 17 is opened, the water in the second working chamber 4 will flow back to the water tank 18 due to gravity, and the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 17 can be closed when all the water in the second working chamber 4 flows back.

[0038] like Figure 2-Figure 5As shown, the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 includes a propulsion nozzle 31, a spring 32, a pressure sensor 33, a rotating nozzle 34, an airbag 35, a metal sheet 36, a position sensor 37, a bellows 39, and a nozzle body 40. The nozzle body 40 is a hollow structure and is connected to the high-pressure water pipe 11. Several propulsion nozzles 31 are fixed to the end of the nozzle body 40 and are connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body 40. Specifically, the propulsion nozzle 31 is arranged on the nozzle body 40 near one end of the high-pressure water pipe 11, and the number of the propulsion nozzles 31 is 2. The hydraulic pump 14 pumps out the water in the water tank 18, and the water is then injected into the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 through the high-pressure water pipe 11. A part of the high-pressure water is ejected through the propulsion nozzle 31. Under the action of the reaction force, the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 will move along its axial direction.

[0039] Several axially arranged airbags 35 are coated on the outside of the nozzle body 40, and a pressure sensor 33 is arranged inside the airbag 35, and the pressure sensor 33 is connected to the control center 20 by signal. The pressure sensor 33 can detect the internal air pressure of the airbag 35, and transmit the real-time detected air pressure signal to the control center 20. The control center 20 is provided with a corresponding relationship between the distance signal and the air pressure signal. The control center 20 obtains an air pressure value according to the distance signal detected by the position sensor 37, and guides the injection of the corresponding air pressure inside the airbag 35 according to the air pressure value. When the real-time detected air pressure reaches the air pressure value, the injection of gas is stopped. In a specific embodiment, there are 4 airbags 35, and each airbag 35 is provided with a pressure sensor 33, that is, a total of 4 pressure sensors 33 are provided. Each airbag 35 is connected to an air outlet 51 of the air guide channel through a retractable air guide tube 12. The maximum length of the retractable air guide tube 12 after extension is not less than the distance from the end of the workpiece 6 away from the pneumatic rotary joint 3 to the pneumatic rotary joint 3. In a specific embodiment, the retractable air guide tube 12 can be constructed with a retractable structure, such as a bellows, or made of a retractable material. A retractable air guide tube 12 of sufficient length can avoid affecting the movement of the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13. In addition, the rotation of the rotor of the pneumatic rotary joint 3 can also avoid the entanglement of the retractable air guide tube 12. The number of air guide channels is the same as the number of airbags 35.

[0040] A metal sheet 36 is arranged outside the airbag 35, and adjacent metal sheets 36 are connected by springs 32, and the metal sheets 36 near the two ends of the nozzle body 40 are connected to the nozzle body 40 by springs 32. In a specific embodiment, four metal sheets 36 are arranged on the outer circumference of each airbag 35, and a total of 16 metal sheets 36 are arranged. When the airbag 35 is inflated and expanded, since adjacent metal sheets 36 are connected by springs 32, the metal sheet 36 corresponding to the position of the expanded airbag 35 will produce a displacement away from the nozzle body 40 to adapt to the holes to be processed with different inner diameters. A plurality of position sensors 37 and rotating nozzles 34 are installed on the outer surface of the metal sheet 36 and correspond to the position of the airbag 35. The position sensor 37 is connected to the control center 20 by signal. The position sensor 37 can detect the distance between the outer surface of the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 and the inner surface of the workpiece 6, and transmit the real-time detected distance signal to the control center 20. The rotating nozzle 34 is connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body 40 through the bellows 39, forming a high-pressure water flow channel of the internal cavity of the nozzle body 40-bellows 39-rotating nozzle 34. In a specific embodiment, four rotating nozzles 34 are correspondingly arranged for each airbag 35, and the four rotating nozzles 34 are arranged in such a way that two rotating nozzles 34 are respectively arranged facing the top and bottom of each airbag 35. When the airbag 35 is inflated, the metal sheet 36 is driven to move away from the nozzle body 40. Since the bellows 39 is retractable, the rotating nozzle 34 is driven to move toward the inner surface of the workpiece 6 to adapt to the processing of special-shaped holes with different inner diameters and variable inner diameters, so that the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 can be attached to the inner surface of the special-shaped hole during polishing, achieving a "shape-following" effect.

[0041] Reference Figure 1-8 Before the work of the conformal polishing device for the inner surface of the irregular hole of the present invention starts, the workpiece 6 is first positioned inside the large cavity of the studio 4 by the positioning device 5, and then the second studio 4 is connected to the second end cover 7 by bolts 9, and the middle is sealed by a sealing ring 8, and the first studio 2 is connected to the first end cover 1 by bolts. The airbag 35 of the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism is in an airless state, and the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 is located in the small cavity of the studio 4, and then it starts to work.

[0042] At the beginning of work, the control center 20 sends a signal to control the hydraulic pump 14 to start. The hydraulic pump 14 pumps out the water in the water tank 18, and the water is then injected into the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 through the high-pressure water pipe 11. A part of the high-pressure water is ejected through the propulsion nozzle 31. Under the action of the reaction force, the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 will move along its axial direction, and the other part of the high-pressure water is connected to the rotating nozzle 34 through the bellows 39. The rotating nozzle 34 ejects a high-pressure water jet, which can perform rotational polishing on the inner surface of the special-shaped hole.

[0043] The control center 20 controls the two-way air pump 15 to open, and at the same time opens the three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 16. The gas is connected to the air inlet 52 at the lower end of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3 through the pipeline, and then injected into the air bag 35 of the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 through the elastic air pressure rubber tube 12 connected to the air outlet 51 at the upper end of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint 3. When the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism 13 moves into the special-shaped hole, the position sensor 37 on the metal sheet 36 outside the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism starts to work, and transmits the real-time detected distance signal from the inner surface back to the control center 20 through the control line. The pressure sensor 33 transmits the real-time pressure signal in the air bag 35 back to the control center 20. The control center 20 controls the pressure value injected into each air bag 35 by setting different pressure values ​​corresponding to different distances, thereby realizing the function of shape-matching polishing of the expanded high-pressure water jet mechanism 13.

[0044] After the set time, the processing is completed, the control center 20 turns off the hydraulic pump 14, and the control center 20 controls the opening of the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 17. The water in the second working chamber 4 will flow back to the water tank 18 due to gravity. The control center 20 controls the two-way air pump 15 to work in the reverse direction, and the gas flow c in the air bag 35 is pumped back into the gas cylinder 19; then the high-pressure water pipe 11 connected to the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism is manually pulled back until it is reset, and finally the bolt 9 is loosened, the second end cover 7 is opened, and the processed workpiece 6 is taken out.

[0045] The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential content of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole, characterized in that: It comprises a first working room (2), a hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3) located in the first working room (2), a second working room (4) located opposite to the first working room (2), an expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism (13) and a positioning device (5) located in the second working room (4), a high-pressure water pipe (11), and a control center (20); A plurality of groups of air guide channels are arranged in the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3), and a solenoid valve for individually controlling the on and off of each air guide channel is arranged on the air guide channel; an air inlet (52) of the air guide channel is arranged on the stator part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3), and is connected to the gas cylinder (19) through a two-way air pump (15); and an air outlet (51) of the air guide channel is arranged on the rotor of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3); The high-pressure water pipe (11) axially passes through the rotation center line of the rotor part of the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3), one end of which extends into the second working chamber (4), and the other end of which is connected to the water tank (18) through an external water pipe, and the high-pressure water pipe (11) and the external water pipe are connected through a rotary joint; a hydraulic pump (14) is provided between the high-pressure water pipe (11) and the water tank (18); The expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism (13) comprises a propulsion nozzle (31), a spring (32), a pressure sensor (33), a rotating nozzle (34), an air bag (35), a metal sheet (36), a position sensor (37), a bellows (39), and a nozzle body (40); the nozzle body (40) is a hollow structure and is connected to the high-pressure water pipe (11); a plurality of propulsion nozzles (31) are fixed to the end of the nozzle body (40) and are connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body (40); A plurality of axially arranged air bags (35) are coated on the outside of the nozzle body (40), and a pressure sensor (33) is arranged inside the air bags (35); each air bag (35) is connected to an air outlet (51) of the air guide channel through a retractable air guide tube (12), and the maximum length of the retractable air guide tube (12) after extension is not less than the distance from the end of the workpiece (6) away from the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3) to the hollow pneumatic rotary joint (3); the number of the air guide channels is the same as the number of the air bags (35); A metal sheet (36) is arranged outside the airbag (35), and adjacent metal sheets (36) are connected by springs (32), and the metal sheets (36) near the two ends of the nozzle body (40) are connected to the nozzle body (40) by springs (32); a plurality of position sensors (37) and a rotating nozzle (34) are mounted on the outer surface of the metal sheet (36) and correspond to the position of the airbag (35), and the rotating nozzle (34) is connected to the internal cavity of the nozzle body (40) through a bellows (39); The control center (20) is signal-connected to the electromagnetic valve, the bidirectional air pump (15), the hydraulic pump (14), the pressure sensor (33), and the position sensor (37).

2. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four airbags (35) are provided, and four metal thin plates (36) are provided on the outer circumference of each airbag (35); and four rotating nozzles (34) are correspondingly provided to each airbag (35).

3. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two rotating nozzles (34) are respectively arranged opposite to the top and the bottom of each air bag (35).

4. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the propulsion nozzles (31) is two; the high-pressure water pipe (11) is connected to the second working chamber (4) in a sliding and sealing manner; and the high-pressure water pipe (11) is connected to an external water pipe via a rotating joint.

5. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: A three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve (16) is arranged between the air inlet (52) and the gas cylinder (19).

6. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the first working chamber (2) is detachably connected to a first end cover (1), a threaded hole (53) is provided on the pneumatic rotary joint (3), and the pneumatic rotary joint (3) is connected to the first end cover (1) via bolts.

7. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the second working chamber (4) is detachably connected to a second end cover (7); a sealing ring (8) is provided between the second end cover (7) and the end surface of the second working chamber (4).

8. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second end cover (7) is mounted on the second working chamber (4) via bolts (9).

9. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first working room (2) and the second working room (4) are fixed on a fixing frame (21), and the fixing frame (21) is fixed on the ground; the inner cavity of the second working room (4) comprises a large cavity and a small cavity which are interconnected, the workpiece (6) is clamped in the large cavity, and the expansion high-pressure water jet mechanism (13) is movably arranged in the small cavity.

10. The conformal polishing device for the inner surface of a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drain port (10) communicating with the outside is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity side wall of the second working chamber (4); the drain port (10) is communicated with a water tank (18), and a two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve (17) connected to a control center (20) signal is provided between the drain port (10) and the water tank (18).

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