Top control method for deep underground horizontal drift paste filling mining method

Abstract

The invention relates to a roof control method for a deep underground horizontal drift paste filling mining method, and the method comprises the steps: selecting a target layout mode of adjacent layered chambers according to the detected ore body thickness data of a target mining area, and the target layout mode comprises a vertical layout mode, an oblique crossing layout mode and a layout mode along the ore body trend; according to the mining area ore body prediction map of the target mining area, determining the ore body form and the ore body distribution of the ore body in the geological space in the target mining area; and according to the target arrangement mode, the ore body form and the ore body distribution, the arrangement direction of the adjacent layered chambers and the penetrating mode of the lower layered chamber and the artificial false bottom are determined. According to the method, intrinsic safety re-improvement of a process source is achieved, the risks of artificial false bottom caving, collapse and sinking are reduced through design optimization of adjacent layered chambers, a new technical guarantee thought is provided for deep land resource development, additional cost increase of mine production is avoided, mining loss rate index management and control are facilitated, and hidden danger treatment cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular to a top control method for a deep underground downward horizontal approach paste filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] In mining engineering, with the continuous consumption of shallow resources, deep resource development has become a major trend in the future development of the mining industry. However, problems such as "high ground stress, high ground pressure, and strong mining disturbance" in the deep earth are prominent, resulting in an increase in deep mining disasters. In order to ensure the inherent safety of deep mining, the downward horizontal approach paste filling mining method is becoming more and more widely used in deep mines.

[0003] The key to the inherent safety of the downward horizontal approach paste filling mining method lies in the problem of paste top connection and the stability of artificial false bottom. In order to ensure the inherent safety of deep mining, top control technology has always been the research focus in the field of mining engineering technology. It is necessary to design and optimize adjacent layered mine rooms to reduce the risk of artificial false bottom falling, collapse and sinking. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, the present application provides a top control method of a deep underground downward horizontal approach paste filling mining method, comprising:

[0005] Firstly, according to the ore thickness data of the target mining area obtained by detection, the target layout mode of adjacent layered mine rooms is selected, and the target layout mode includes vertical layout mode, oblique layout mode and layout mode along the ore body strike;

[0006] and, determining the ore body morphology and ore body distribution of the ore body in the target mining area in the geological space through the mining area ore body prediction map of the target mining area;

[0007] Secondly, according to the target layout method, ore body shape and ore body distribution, the layout direction of adjacent stratified mine rooms and the crossing method between the lower stratified mine room and the artificial false bottom are determined.

[0008] Among them, when the ore body thickness data is greater than 20m, the target layout method adopts a vertical layout method, and adjacent layered mine rooms are staggered along the ore body trend and vertical to the ore body trend, and the lower layered mine room vertically passes through multiple artificial false bottoms.

[0009] Among them, when the ore body thickness data is greater than 10m and less than 20m, the target layout method adopts an oblique layout method. Adjacent layered mine rooms are staggered along the ore body strike and the oblique ore body strike, and the lower layered mine room obliquely passes through multiple artificial false bottoms.

[0010] Among them, when the ore body thickness data is less than 10m, the target layout method is to be arranged along the ore body strike, adjacent layered mine rooms are arranged along the ore body strike, and at least two artificial false bottoms are exposed on the roof of the lower layered mine room at the same time.

[0011] Among them, by adjusting the cross-sectional span parameters of the upper and lower stratified mine chambers, at least two artificial false bottoms can be exposed on the roof of the lower stratified mine chamber at the same time.

[0012] Among them, the ore body prediction map of the mining area is drawn based on the production drilling catalog.

[0013] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The present application provides a top control method for a deep underground downward horizontal approach paste filling mining method, which greatly improves the inherent safety of mining operations under artificial false bottoms in deep underground environments with "high ground stress, high ground pressure, and strong mining disturbance" from the source of mining design, and achieves further improvement in the inherent safety of the process source. By optimizing the design of adjacent layered mine rooms, the risks of artificial false bottom caving, collapse, and sinking are reduced, providing a new technical guarantee idea for deep underground resource development, without adding additional costs to mine production, and is conducive to the control of mining loss rate indicators and saving hidden danger control costs.

[0015] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method shown in the embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the stope layout for an ore body with a thickness of more than 20m shown in the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the stope layout of an ore body with a thickness of 10m-20m shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the stope layout of an ore body with a thickness of less than 10m shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Reference numerals:

[0022] In the figure, 1 is the segmented horizontal tunnel, 2 is the mining area chute, 3 is the upper layer mine exit passage, 4 is the lower layer mine exit passage, 5 is the predicted shape of the ore body, 6 is the lower layer mine room, and 7 is the upper layer mine room. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0024] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0026] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In this embodiment,

[0029] like Figure 1 The top control method of the deep underground horizontal approach paste filling mining method shown includes:

[0030] S1. According to the ore body thickness data of the target mining area obtained by detection, the target layout method of adjacent layered mine rooms is selected. The target layout methods include vertical layout method, oblique layout method and layout method along the ore body strike.

[0031] The thickness of the ore body is collected and measured by drilling or other observation methods in the target mining area. During data collection, drilling work is carried out to obtain the extension information of the ore body along the axis of the borehole. By analyzing and measuring the samples of rocks and ores in the borehole, the thickness of the ore body in space can be determined.

[0032] S2. Determine the ore body morphology and ore body distribution of the target mining area in the geological space through the ore body prediction map of the target mining area.

[0033] The ore body prediction map of the mining area is drawn based on the production drilling log.

[0034] Production drilling logs refer to the records and documents of drilling work in mines. These drilling logs record the location, depth, lithology, ore grade, distribution of mineralized bodies and other geological information of the drill holes. Production drilling logs are an important basis for mine management and mineral deposit research, and are used to understand the distribution, morphological characteristics, and reserves and grades of ore bodies.

[0035] According to the production drilling catalog, the ore body prediction map of the mining area can be drawn by analyzing and processing the drilling data. The ore body prediction map of the mining area is a graphical expression method that depicts the distribution characteristics of the underground ore body in plane and three dimensions based on the existing drilling data and geological knowledge. It provides information such as the spatial distribution, trend and tendency of the ore body, providing a basis for mine planning, mining plan formulation and resource prediction. According to the ore body prediction map of the mining area, geological modeling and numerical simulation can be carried out to infer and predict the morphology and distribution of the ore body.

[0036] The specific process includes:

[0037] Drilling data analysis: Based on the interpretation and processing of drilling data, the lithology, mineral grade and distribution of ore bodies in the drill holes are analyzed.

[0038] Geological modeling: Based on drilling data and geological structure information, geological modeling software is used for three-dimensional modeling to reconstruct the geometric shape and regional distribution of the ore body.

[0039] Numerical simulation: Combined with geological modeling, numerical simulation software is used to simulate and predict the occurrence of ore bodies. Geostatistical and mathematical modeling methods can be used to interpolate and simulate ore bodies to obtain results such as the ore body's shape, size, and distribution probability.

[0040] Ore body occurrence morphology speculation: Based on the results of numerical simulation, the ore body occurrence morphology is speculated and interpreted. The distribution characteristics, morphology and extension direction of the ore body in space can be visualized through contour lines, profiles, volume models, etc. The ore body occurrence morphology refers to the morphology, properties and distribution of the ore body in geological space. It includes the characteristics of the shape, size, composition, structure, longitudinal and transverse distribution, inclination and dip of the ore deposit. The study of ore body occurrence morphology is of great significance for ore deposit exploration, resource evaluation and mineral mining.

[0041] Obtaining the ore body occurrence morphology is a gradual iterative process, which is constantly improved and revised on the basis of collecting and analyzing new data, adjusting and optimizing the model. It is necessary to verify and correct the inferred ore body occurrence morphology by combining geological measurements with observations and adjustments during the mining process.

[0042] S3. According to the target layout method, ore body shape and ore body distribution, determine the layout direction of adjacent layered ore rooms and the crossing method between the lower layered ore room and the artificial false bottom.

[0043] When the ore body thickness data is greater than 20m, the target layout method adopts a vertical layout method. Adjacent layered mine chambers are staggered along the ore body direction and vertical to the ore body direction. The lower layered mine chamber vertically passes through multiple artificial false bottoms to reduce the exposed area of ​​the same artificial false bottom and improve the stability of the roof.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, an upper layer mine room 7 is arranged along the predicted ore body shape 5, and at the same time, a lower layer mine room 6 is arranged vertically with the upper layer mine room 7, and the roof of the lower layer mine room vertically passes through multiple upper layer artificial false bottoms. An upper layer mine exit 3 and a lower layer mine exit 4 are arranged corresponding to the lower layer mine room 6 and the upper layer mine room 7, and the lower layer mine exit 4 is arranged on the left side of the upper layer mine exit 3. The upper layer mine exit 3 and the lower layer mine exit 4 are extended and connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel 1, so as to transport the ore or rock in the mining area or working face to the corresponding mine exit. The mining area chute 2 is connected to the segmented horizontal tunnel 1 through a vertical shaft or an inclined shaft, which is used for downhill transportation of ore. The ore is transported from the mining area or working face to an underground transfer point or a main transportation channel far away from the ore body by gravity, and finally transported to the mine exit.

[0045] When the ore body thickness data is greater than 10m and less than 20m, the target layout method adopts an oblique layout method. Adjacent layered mine rooms are arranged along the ore body strike and obliquely along the ore body strike. The lower layered mine room obliquely passes through multiple artificial false bottoms to reduce the exposed area of ​​the same artificial false bottom and improve the stability of the roof.

[0046] like Figure 3As shown, an upper layer mine room 7 is arranged along the predicted ore body shape 5, and at the same time, the lower layer mine room 6 is arranged obliquely with the upper layer mine room 7, and the roof of the lower layer mine room obliquely passes through multiple upper layer artificial false bottoms. The lower layer mine room 6 and the upper layer mine room 7 are correspondingly provided with an upper layer mine exit 3 and a lower layer mine exit 4, and the lower layer mine exit 4 is arranged on the right side of the upper layer mine exit 3. The upper layer mine exit 3 and the lower layer mine exit 4 are extended and connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel 1, so as to transport the ore or rock in the mining area or working face to the corresponding mine exit, and the mining area chute 2 is connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel 1 through a vertical shaft or an inclined shaft, which is used for downhill transportation of ore, and the ore is transported from the mining area or working face to an underground transfer point or a main transportation channel far away from the ore body by gravity, and finally transported to the mine exit.

[0047] When the ore body thickness data is less than 10m, the target layout method adopts the layout method along the ore body strike, and the adjacent layered mine rooms are arranged along the ore body strike, and the roof of the lower layered mine room exposes two artificial false bottoms at the same time. Reduce the exposed area of ​​the same artificial false bottom, improve the stability of the roof, and it is strictly forbidden to overlap the upper layer artificial false bottom with the lower layered mine room unless necessary.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, an upper layer chamber 7 is arranged along the predicted ore body morphology 5, and adjacent layer chambers are arranged along the ore body strike. The roof of the lower layer chamber simultaneously exposes two artificial false bottoms of the upper layer. By adjusting the cross-sectional parameters of the upper and lower layer chambers (e.g., the cross-sectional parameters of the upper layer are 3m×4m, and the lower layer is adjusted to 4m×4m), the two artificial false bottoms are exposed simultaneously. An upper layer exit tunnel 3 and a lower layer exit tunnel 4 are arranged corresponding to the upper layer chamber 6 and the upper layer chamber 7. The lower layer exit tunnel 4 is arranged on the left side of the upper layer exit tunnel 3. The upper layer exit tunnel 3 and the lower layer exit tunnel 4 are extended and connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel 1 so as to transport the ore or rock in the mining area or working face to the corresponding exit tunnel. The mining area chute 2 is connected to the segmented horizontal tunnel 1 through a vertical shaft or an inclined shaft, which is used for downhill transportation of ore. The ore is transported from the mining area or working face to an underground transfer point or a main transportation channel far away from the ore body by gravity, and finally transported to the exit tunnel.

[0049] In actual operation, the layout is carried out according to the actual situation of the mine through the soft rock mud layer. In this embodiment, the mining and dressing production capacity of the mine is 2000t / d, according to the ore weight of 3.8t / m 3 Calculation: Daily goaf volume = daily mining volume / ore weight = 2000 / 3.8 = 526.32m 3 . According to the tailings yield of 33% in the mine, the amount of tailings produced every day = daily beneficiation amount * tailings yield = 2000 × 33% = 660t. At present, the lime-sand ratio of mine paste preparation is 1:4 (i.e. cement: water-quenched slag: tailings = 1:1:3), the tailings consumption per unit mass of paste is 0.5285t / t, and the paste weight is 2.2t / m 3, daily tailings production (660t) can be used to fill the empty space = daily tailings production / unit mass of paste preparation tailings consumption / paste weight = 660 / 0.5285 / 2.2 = 567m 3 In order to ensure the balance control of mining and filling and the organization of filling production, the optimal length of the mine room entrance is about 20-30m, and the empty area of ​​a single stope should be controlled at 180-480m. 3 Between (length 20m, cross-section parameters 3m×3m, empty space volume 180m 3 , length 30m, cross-sectional parameters 4m×4m, empty space volume 480m 3 ) is most beneficial.

[0050] In summary, the application of the design source top control technology and the guarantee of mine mining and filling balance management and control can be realized. For ore bodies with a thickness of more than 20m, the vertical staggered arrangement of the upper and lower layers can achieve top control, which is beneficial to the mine mining and filling balance management and control; for ore bodies with a thickness of 10-20m, the adjacent layered mine rooms are designed to be arranged along the ore body strike and oblique to the ore body strike to achieve top control, and the ore body thickness has little restriction on the length of the mine room access arranged at the oblique ore body strike, so the length of the mine room access is guaranteed; for ore bodies with a thickness of less than 10m, the ore body thickness has a great restriction on the length of the mine room access arranged at the oblique ore body strike, and the mine room progress is short, which is not conducive to continuous production organization and mining field balance management and control. The mine room design of this ore body only has the arrangement method along the strike, and the cross-sectional parameters of the upper and lower layered mine rooms can be adjusted (such as the cross-sectional parameters of the upper layer are 3m×4m, and the lower layer is adjusted to 4m×4m) to achieve the top control goal by exposing two artificial false bottoms on the roof of the lower layered mine room at the same time.

[0051] The specific deployment process is shown in the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Based on the production drilling records, propose a prediction map of the ore body in the mining area.

[0053] Step 2: Select the mining site design plan based on the predicted ore body conditions, ore body thickness and other factors.

[0054] Step 3: For ore bodies with a thickness of more than 20m, the design of adjacent layered mine rooms adopts a staggered arrangement along the ore body strike and perpendicular to the ore body strike; for ore bodies with a thickness of 10-20m, the design of adjacent layered mine rooms adopts an arrangement along the ore body strike and oblique to the ore body strike; for ore bodies with a thickness of less than 10m, the design of adjacent layered mine rooms adopts an arrangement along the ore body strike, and it is strictly forbidden to overlap the artificial false bottom of the upper layer with the mine room of the lower layer unless necessary. In the actual design process of the designer, the occurrence form and thickness of the ore body vary greatly. The above three schemes can be used in the same design to improve the rationality of the design.

[0055] Step 4: Complete the mine site design, mapping, review, briefing and implementation.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relationships such as first and second, etc. are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms include, include or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0057] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0058] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A top control method for deep underground horizontal access paste filling mining method, characterized in that: include: According to the ore body thickness data of the target mining area obtained by detection, a target layout mode of adjacent layered ore rooms is selected, wherein the target layout mode includes a vertical layout mode, an oblique layout mode and a layout mode along the ore body strike; And, determining the ore body morphology and ore body distribution of the ore body in the target mining area in the geological space through the mining area ore body prediction map of the target mining area; According to the target layout method, the ore body shape and the ore body distribution, the layout direction of the adjacent layered ore rooms and the crossing method of the lower layered ore room and the artificial false bottom are determined.

2. The roof control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ore body thickness data is greater than 20m, the target layout method adopts the vertical layout method, the adjacent layered mine chambers are staggered along the ore body strike and vertical to the ore body strike, and the lower layered mine chamber vertically passes through multiple artificial false bottoms.

3. The roof control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ore body thickness data is greater than 10m and less than 20m, the target layout method adopts the oblique layout method, the adjacent layered mine rooms are arranged alternately along the ore body strike and the oblique ore body strike, and the lower layered mine room obliquely passes through multiple artificial false bottoms.

4. The roof control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ore body thickness data is less than 10m, the target layout method adopts the layout method along the ore body strike, the adjacent layered mine rooms are arranged along the ore body strike, and the roof of the lower layered mine room simultaneously exposes two artificial false bottoms.

5. The roof control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: By dynamically adjusting the cross-sectional span parameters of the upper stratified mine room and the lower stratified mine room, the roof of the lower stratified mine room can expose at least two artificial false bottoms at the same time.

6. The roof control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore body prediction map of the mining area is drawn based on the production drilling log.

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