Rock mass structural plane test device, system and method for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading test device, system and method for a rock mass structural plane. The system includes a shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading test device for a rock mass structural plane. The device includes a transparent glass panel located on the front of the rock sample; the shear dislocation unit includes tangential shear application structures symmetrically distributed on both sides of the structural plane; the seepage unit is transversely arranged along the tangential shear direction of the structural plane and is used to apply seepage fluid to the rock sample along the structural plane perpendicular to the tangential shear direction; the water stop unit includes a first water stop structure and a second water stop structure. A first water stop structure is arranged between the rock sample and the transparent glass panel, and the second water stop structure is located between the tangential shear application structures; the system is used for the entire test to be carried out, observed and analyzed, and the method is realized by means of the above system. Compared with the prior art, the present invention takes into account the visualization and sealing performance during the test, and more truly reflects the interaction relationship between the complex stress field and the seepage field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and particularly to a test device for a rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear and seepage. Background Art

[0002] Internal and external dynamic actions such as strong unloading caused by intense geological tectonic activities and engineering disturbances result in defects of different scales such as structural planes, joints, and discontinuous fractures developed inside the rock mass. These defects become the key internal factors affecting the mechanical behavior and stability of the rock mass. In addition, in extreme heavy rainfall, large-scale hydropower projects, and underground engineering construction, these internal defects become the dominant seepage channels for rainwater and groundwater. Under the combined action of the stress field and the seepage field, the shear strength of the rock mass structural plane is significantly reduced, and the rock mass gradually deteriorates, which may bring adverse effects to engineering construction or lead to geological disasters such as collapses and landslides. Therefore, studying the shear-seepage coupling characteristics of rock mass structural planes has important engineering significance and academic value.

[0003] Traditional research on the mechanical properties of structural planes mainly focuses on the shear strength and morphological damage deterioration of structural planes with different roughness and structural planes with filling materials under the action of different normal stresses, normal stiffness, shear rates, etc., and sufficient reports have been made on the strength indexes and their influencing factors under uncoupled conditions. Related test devices and methods have been relatively mature, which also become an important basis for carrying out shear-seepage coupling test research.

[0004] In the experimental study on the shear-seepage coupling characteristics of structural planes, the problem of sealing and water stopping of the test device is the primary concern. The existing technologies are mainly reflected in two aspects: radial seepage and through-joint seepage. The radial seepage test device mainly realizes the sealing effect by wrapping a rubber ring around the joint, and injecting water pressure through the drilled holes in the upper rock mass of the joint to achieve the purpose of seepage. This test method destroys the integrity of the rock mass on the upper side of the joint and is inconsistent with the original seepage condition of the structural plane, and cannot truly and objectively reflect the shear-seepage coupling characteristics of the structural plane. The through-joint seepage test device mainly realizes the sealing by pressing a silica gel water stop, a rubber strip or other water stop materials on both sides of the structural plane parallel to the shear direction, and applying a stable water flow along the shear direction to achieve the purpose of seepage. This method has obvious improvement and advantages compared with joint radial seepage. However, the effective sealing of the test device results in the complete wrapping of the rock mass, making it impossible to effectively observe the deformation and failure process of the structural plane under the shear-seepage coupling action in real time. The test data is relatively limited, and it is impossible to comprehensively reveal the shear-seepage coupling mechanism of the structural plane.

[0005] In addition, in the actual working condition of the interaction between the stress field and the seepage field, the stress field and the seepage field borne by the structural plane come from all directions. The complex and variable stress conditions also make the research on the mechanical properties of the structural plane a hot topic and a difficult point. Most of the existing technologies apply a stable seepage field along the shear direction, and there is no experimental research on the structural plane under the condition of three-way orthogonal coupling loading of normal stress, tangential stress, and seepage stress. To sum up, the existing technologies lack a visualization test device for rock mass structural planes under the condition of shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a test system and method for rock mass structural planes with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, which have good visualization and sealing performance.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a test device for rock mass structural planes with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading is provided. The device includes:

[0009] The transparent glass panel is located in front of the rock sample; the shear dislocation unit includes tangential shear application structures symmetrically distributed on both sides of the structural plane; the seepage unit is transversely arranged along the tangential shear direction of the structural plane and is used to apply seepage fluid to the rock sample along the structural plane perpendicular to the tangential shear direction; the water stop unit includes a first water stop structure and a second water stop structure. The first water stop structure is arranged between the rock sample and the transparent glass panel, and the second water stop structure is located between the tangential shear application structures.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the tangential shear application structure includes a loading cushion block on one side of the rock sample and a compression spring on the opposite side of the loading cushion block.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the seepage unit is located on the back of the rock sample and includes an inlet water connection channel; a plurality of equally spaced inlets are provided on the inlet water connection channel.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the seepage unit further includes a silica gel sealing strip and an inlet water sealing strip baffle that match the inlet water connection channel. The thickness of the silica gel sealing strip is greater than that of the inlet water sealing strip baffle and the inlet water connection channel.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the first water stop structure includes an elastic water isolation strip. The elastic water isolation strip includes a concave sealing strip and a convex sealing strip; the concave sealing strip is fixedly connected to the loading cushion block; the convex sealing strip is fixedly connected to the transparent glass panel; the concave sealing strip and the convex sealing strip are movably connected by biting.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the shear misalignment unit further includes a set of normal shear application structures, and the normal shear application structures include loading base pads; a water outlet for directional drainage is provided at the edge of the elastic water barrier near the loading base pads.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the second water stop structure includes an elastic sealing strip and a pressing device; the elastic sealing strip is located between the tangential shear application structures and tightly covers the left and right sides of the structural surface through the pressing device.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the pressing device includes a reaction support spring, a rotating bearing, and a rolling compression rod; the rotating bearing is arranged between the loading pad on one side of the rock sample and the elastic sealing strip and is composed of multiple groups of spherical ball bearings; the reaction support spring is connected to the elastic sealing strip through the rolling compression rod provided at the end, and the other end is connected to the device side plate;

[0017] According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading rock mass structural plane test system, including an image observation device, a multi-functional reaction frame, a seepage pressure application device, and an electro-hydraulic servo loading device, the above-mentioned shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading rock mass structural plane test device; the image observation device observes the operation of the system through the transparent glass panel; the multi-functional reaction frame is connected to the shear misalignment unit; the seepage pressure application device is connected to the seepage unit; the electro-hydraulic servo loading device is connected to the shear misalignment unit and drives the shear misalignment unit.

[0018] According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading rock mass structural plane test method, which is realized by the above-mentioned shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading rock mass structural plane test system, and includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Tightly install the rock sample containing the structural plane in the shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading rock mass structural plane test device, connect the water inlet pipe to the water inlet, the water outlet pipe to the water outlet, and inject the fluid medium for the shear-seepage coupling test into the water inlet pipe;

[0020] S2. Start the testing machine, apply the normal load to the target value according to the set loading program, start the shear-seepage coupling test, collect the change data of the water outlet flow rate and flow, the normal and tangential load-displacement data, and the contour data of the strain field and displacement field during the loading process in real time, and calculate the true shear stress value of the rock mass structural plane under the shear-seepage coupling action until the test ends. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, τ represents the true shear stress value of the rock mass structural plane, F 0 represents the original test data of the tangential load, k represents the total elastic coefficient of the compression spring, k is a constant, s represents the tangential displacement generated during the loading process, A represents the tangential loading area of the specimen and is a fixed value;

[0023] S3. Disassemble the transparent glass panel and the device side plate, take out the rock sample, and conduct further analysis on the structural plane.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1). While ensuring visual observation and the sealing of the structural plane, the present invention is provided with a transparent glass panel on the front of the test device, and an elastic water-stop belt with a special structure is provided between the rock sample and the glass panel. The elastic water-stop belt is provided with a directional drainage port, ensuring the sealing of the test device while realizing visual observation;

[0026] 2). It more truly shows the working condition of the interaction between the stress field and the seepage field. Different from the traditional shear dislocation device where the seepage direction is the same as the tangential shear direction, the present invention is provided with a water seepage device on the back of the transposition, so that the seepage fluid penetrates into the rock sample perpendicular to the tangential shear direction, and provides a shear-seepage coupling loading test device capable of realizing three-way orthogonality of tangential, normal and seepage directions, truly reflecting the interaction relationship between the complex stress field and the seepage field;

[0027] 3). It realizes effective sealing during the shear dislocation process. The present invention is provided with elastic sealing strips on the left and right sides of the structural plane. When the test device conducts a shear dislocation experiment, the reaction support spring is stressed and squeezes the rolling pressure rod. The rolling pressure rod presses the rotating bearing, and the balls in the rotating bearing are misaligned, making the elastic sealing strip closely adhere to the structural plane, avoiding the seepage liquid from overflowing due to the shedding of the elastic sealing strip caused by shear dislocation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a front view of the test device for the rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the test device for the rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a left view of the test device for the rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the test device for the rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 Rear view of the test device for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Detail view of the seepage unit of the test device for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Structural diagram of the elastic water barrier of the test device for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Detail view of the rotating bearing of the test device for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 Structural diagram of the test system for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage according to the present invention.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 1 - Image observation system, 2 - Multifunctional reaction frame, 3 - Test device for rock mass structural plane with orthogonal coupling loading of shear-seepage, 4 - Normal loading end, 5 - Upper tangential loading end, 6 - Lower tangential loading end, 7 - Normal loading base, 8 - Seepage pressure device, 9 - Water storage tank at the water inlet, 10 - Flow velocity monitoring device at the water inlet, 11 - Water inlet pipe, 12 - Water outlet pipe, 13 - Water storage tank at the water outlet, 14 - Electro-hydraulic servo loading device, 15 - Computer data acquisition system, 16 - Normal loading cushion block, 17 - Loading base cushion block, 18 - Upper tangential loading cushion block, 19 - Lower tangential loading cushion block, 20 - Tangential displacement gauge, 21 - Device side plate, 22 - Side plate fixing bolt, 23 - Elastic water barrier, 24 - Transparent glass panel, 25 - Fixing bolt, 26 - Elastic silica gel cushion block, 27 - Reaction support spring, 28 - Compression spring, 29 - Water outlet, 30 - Rock sample, 31 - Structural plane, 32 - Elastic sealing strip, 33 - Rotating bearing, 34 - Rolling pressure bar, 35 - Water inlet sealing strip baffle, 36 - Water inlet, 37 - Annular silica gel gasket, 38 - Annular silica gel cushion block, 39 - Glass cushion block, 40 - Silica gel sealing strip, 41 - Water inlet connection channel, 42 - Spherical ball, 43 - Concave sealing strip, 44 - Convex sealing strip, 45 - Bolt gasket, 46 - Waterproof glass glue, 47 - Small bolt. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following drawings and description to make other features, objects, and advantages of the present application more concise and understandable.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in the present application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The words such as "a", "one", "kind", "the" and the like involved in the present application do not represent a limitation of quantity, and may represent a single or plural number. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and any variations thereof involved in the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may further include unlisted steps or units, or may further include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The terms "connected", "coupled" and the like involved in the present application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The "plurality" involved in the present application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in the present application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order for the objects.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] This embodiment provides a test device for a rock mass structural plane under shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, aiming to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot accurately and real-time observe the deformation and failure process of the rock mass structural plane under the action of shear-seepage coupling, and provide a test device that can overcome the conflict between the sealing performance of the structural plane and visual observation, and realize the real-time quantitative observation of key data such as the strain field, displacement field, and failure process of the rock mass structural plane under the shear-seepage coupling loading condition. This test device is applicable to the research on the shear-seepage coupling mechanism of structural planes in rock mass engineering construction and geological disaster prevention and control.

[0044] Combined with Figure 1 andFigure 2 The test device includes four device side plates 21, and the device side plates 21 are fixed by side fixing bolts 22 to form a test device frame. The test device specifically includes: a transparent glass panel 24, a shear dislocation unit, a seepage unit, and a water stop unit. The detailed structure is as follows:

[0045] I. Transparent glass panel:

[0046] The transparent glass panel 24 is located on the front of the rock sample 30, and the transparent glass panel 24 is tightly fixed to the transposed side plate 21 by fixing bolts 25.

[0047] In order to avoid damaging the transparent glass panel 24 during the installation process, an annular silicone gasket 37 is provided at the contact between the head of the fixing bolt 25 and the transparent glass panel 24 as Figure 3 shown, and an annular silicone cushion block 38 is provided between the device side plate 21 and the transparent glass panel 24.

[0048] Since the transparent glass panel 24 is fixed to the upper and lower device side plates 21, there is a gap between the rock sample 30 and the transparent glass panel at this time. This gap will cause the rock sample 30 to be unable to be stably placed in the test device during the test. In order to avoid this phenomenon, a glass cushion block 39 is provided between the gap of the rock sample 30 and the transparent glass panel 24 to fasten the rock sample 30.

[0049] II. Shear dislocation unit:

[0050] The shear dislocation unit includes a tangential shear application structure and a set of normal shear application structures.

[0051] Among them, the tangential shear application structure includes a tangential loading cushion block on one side of the rock sample 30 and a compression spring 28 on the opposite side of the tangential loading cushion block. The compression spring 28 is located on the device side plate 21 and is connected to a rigid member that tightly presses the rock sample 20;

[0052] There are two sets of tangential shear application structures and they are symmetrically distributed on the upper and lower sides of the structural plane 31; among them, the tangential loading cushion block includes an upper tangential loading cushion block 18 and a lower tangential loading cushion block 19. In order to facilitate force analysis, a tangential displacement gauge 20 is provided on the tangential loading cushion block;

[0053] The normal shear application structure includes a normal loading cushion block 16 and a loading base cushion block 17. An elastic silicone cushion block is provided between the normal shear application structure and the rock sample 30 to fix the rock sample 30 and prevent the rock sample 30 from moving in the normal direction during the experiment;

[0054] In order to prevent the rock sample 30 from undergoing obvious displacement during the shear-dislocation process of the test device, elastic silicone cushion blocks 26 are placed at the gaps between the device side plate 21 and the shear device, that is, at the four corners inside the test device.

[0055] III. Seepage unit:

[0056] The seepage unit is horizontally arranged along the tangential shear direction of the structural plane 31 and is located on the back of the rock sample 30, and is used to apply seepage fluid to the rock sample 30 to Figure 4 Taking the shown sectional view as a reference object, the seepage direction is from the left side to the right side of Figure 4 along the structural plane 31, that is, seepage along the structural plane 31 perpendicular to the tangential shear direction.

[0057] Specifically, the seepage unit includes a water inlet connecting channel 41, a silica gel sealing strip 40 matching the water inlet connecting channel 41, and a water inlet sealing strip baffle 35.

[0058] A plurality of water inlets 36 are arranged at equal intervals on the water inlet connecting channel 41. As Figure 5 shown, when the test device works, the seepage liquid infiltrates into the structural plane 31 through the water inlets 36 according to a certain pressure.

[0059] The thickness of the silica gel sealing strip 40 is greater than that of the water inlet sealing strip baffle 35 and the water inlet connecting channel 41. As Figure 6 shown, the seepage unit is tightly installed on the device side plate 21 through fixing bolts 25 to prevent seepage liquid from leaking out due to incomplete sealing when the seepage unit works. An annular silica gel gasket 37 is arranged between the fixing bolts 25 and the water inlet sealing strip baffle 35 to avoid damaging the baffle.

[0060] IV. Water stop unit:

[0061] The water stop unit includes a first water stop structure and a second water stop structure. The detailed structural explanations of the first water stop structure and the second water stop structure are as follows:

[0062] The first water stop structure is located between the rock sample 30 and the transparent glass panel 24 and includes an elastic water blocking belt 23 composed of a concave sealing strip 43 and a convex sealing strip 44. As Figure 7 shown, the concave sealing strip 43 and the convex sealing strip 44 are movably connected by biting;

[0063] The concave sealing strip 43 is fixedly connected to the tangential loading pad through a small bolt 47. In order to avoid damage, a bolt gasket 45 is arranged between the small bolt 47 and the concave sealing strip;

[0064] The convex sealing strip 44 and the transparent glass panel 24 are fixedly connected by waterproof glass glue 46;

[0065] When the test device is subjected to shear dislocation force, since the concave sealing strip 43 and the convex sealing strip 44 are movably connected by biting, this structure allows the elastic water blocking belt 23 to undergo a certain amount of torsional deformation when the structural plane 31 moves relative to each other, and does not affect the water blocking effect;

[0066] There is a water outlet 29 for directional drainage near the side of the elastic water barrier 23 close to the loading base cushion 17, so as to ensure that when water seeps out from the front of the structural plane 31, it is discharged directionally through the lower water outlet 29.

[0067] The second water stop structure is located between the tangential shear application structures, and includes an elastic sealing strip 32 and a pressing device;

[0068] Among them, the elastic sealing strip 32 is located between the tangential shear application structures and tightly covers the left and right sides of the structural plane 31 through the pressing device; the pressing device includes a reaction support spring 27, a rotating bearing 33, and a rolling compression rod 34 with a structure of multiple groups of spherical balls 42;

[0069] The details of the rotating bearing 33 are as Figure 8 shown, and it is arranged between the loading cushion on one side of the rock sample 30 and the elastic sealing strip 32. When the tangential loading cushion applies force to the rock sample 30, the tangential loading cushion squeezes the rotating bearing 33, and the spherical balls 42 in the rotating bearing 33 are stressed and displaced, so that the elastic sealing strip deforms;

[0070] The reaction support spring 27 is connected to the elastic sealing strip 32 through the rolling compression rod 34 provided at the end, and the other end is connected to the device side plate 21. When the test device starts to work, the reaction support spring 27 is stressed, causing the rolling compression rod 34 to press the elastic sealing strip 32, so that the elastic sealing strip 32 generates displacement and always fits tightly with the structural plane.

[0071] Embodiment 2:

[0072] This embodiment provides a test system for a rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, and the structure is as Figure 9 shown, including an image observation device 1, a multi-functional reaction frame 2, a test device 3 for a rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, a loading end, a normal loading base 7, a seepage pressure device 8, a water inlet water storage tank 9, a water inlet flow rate monitoring device 10, a water inlet pipe 11, a water outlet pipe 12, a water outlet water storage tank 13, an electro-hydraulic servo loading device 14, and a computer data acquisition system 15;

[0073] The image observation device 1 observes the experimental operation through the transparent glass panel 24;

[0074] The multi-functional reaction frame 2 is provided with a loading end and a normal loading base 7. The loading end is placed in the loading cushion in the shear dislocation unit of the test device 3 for a rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading and is connected, and the normal loading base 7 is connected to the loading base cushion 17;

[0075] The seepage liquid is stored in the water inlet storage tank 9 and injected into the seepage unit through the seepage pressure device 8 and the water inlet pipe 11, and the seepage liquid flows through the water outlet pipe 12 to the water outlet storage tank 13;

[0076] The system visually monitors the state of the seepage liquid entering the test device through the water inlet flow rate monitoring device 10, and adjusts the water inlet flow rate according to the specified requirements to achieve the target water pressure;

[0077] The electro-hydraulic servo loading device 14 is connected to the shear dislocation unit and drives the shear dislocation unit;

[0078] The computer data acquisition system 15 collects the data generated by the system during the experiment and performs display processing.

[0079] Among them, the structure of the rock mass structural plane test device 3 with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading is as described in Embodiment 1. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working process of the described modules can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be elaborated herein.

[0080] Embodiment 3:

[0081] The above is the introduction of the system embodiment. The following further illustrates the solution of the present invention through method embodiments.

[0082] A test method for a rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, which is realized by means of the above-mentioned test system for a rock mass structural plane with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, and includes the following steps:

[0083] S1. Install the rock sample 30 containing the structural plane 31 into the test device, ensure that the surface of the rock sample 30 is in close contact with the loading cushion block, and ensure that the elastic sealing strip 32 is in close contact with the left and right sides of the structural plane 31;

[0084] S2. Fix the device side plates 21 in the up, down, left and right directions through the side plate fixing bolts 22 to ensure that the rock sample 30 is tightly wrapped in the test device;

[0085] S3. Install the water inlet communication channel 41, the silica gel sealing strip 40 and the water inlet sealing strip baffle 35, and fix the water inlet sealing strip baffle 35 on the left and right side plates of the shear box through the fixing bolts 25, so that the silica gel sealing strip 40 is in close contact with the surface of the rock sample 30;

[0086] S4. Install the transparent glass panel 24, place the glass cushion block 39, and then press the elastic water-proof belt 23 connecting the transparent glass panel 24 and the loading cushion block to ensure that the concave sealing strip 43 and the convex sealing strip 44 are completely and tightly engaged, and fix the transparent glass panel 24 on the upper and lower side plates of the shear box through the fixing bolts 25;

[0087] S5, connecting the water inlet pipe 11 and the water outlet pipe 12, and injecting the fluid medium of the shear-seepage coupling test into the water inlet storage tank 9;

[0088] S6, start the test machine, apply the normal load to the target value according to the set loading program, and officially start the shear-seepage coupling test, and collect the change data of the outlet flow velocity and flow rate, the normal and tangential load-displacement data, and the cloud map data of the strain field and displacement field during the loading process in real time through the computer data acquisition system 15 until the test is completed;

[0089] S7, dismantle the transparent glass panel 24 and the device side panel 21, take out the rock sample 30, and further analyze its shear surface.

[0090] In data processing, the tangential load generated by the compression spring between the loading pad and the shear box side plate needs to be eliminated. Therefore, the true shear stress value of the rock mass structure surface under the shear-seepage coupling should be:

[0091]

[0092] Where: τ represents the true shear stress value of the rock mass structural surface, unit: Pa; F 0 It represents the original test data of tangential load, in N; k represents the total elastic coefficient of compression spring, k is a constant, in N / m; s represents the tangential displacement generated during loading, in m; A represents the tangential load area of ​​the specimen, A is a constant, in m 2 .

[0093] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rock mass structural surface test device for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, characterized in that: The device includes: A transparent glass panel (24) is located on the front side of the rock sample (30); The shear dislocation unit comprises tangential shear applying structures symmetrically distributed on the upper and lower sides of the structural surface (31), and also comprises a group of normal shear applying structures, wherein the normal shear applying structures comprise a loading base pad (17); the elastic water barrier (23) is provided with a directional drainage outlet (29) near the loading base pad (17); The seepage unit is arranged transversely on the structural surface (31) along the tangential shear direction, and is used to apply seepage fluid to the rock sample (30) along the structural surface (31) perpendicular to the tangential shear direction; the seepage unit is located on the back side of the rock sample (30); The water-stopping unit comprises a first water-stopping structure and a second water-stopping structure, wherein the first water-stopping structure is arranged between the rock sample (30) and the transparent glass panel (24), and the second water-stopping structure is located between the tangential shear applying structures; the first water-stopping structure comprises an elastic water-blocking belt (23), and the elastic water-blocking belt (23) comprises a concave sealing strip (43) and a convex sealing strip (44); the concave sealing strip (43) is fixedly connected to the loading pad; the convex sealing strip (44) is fixedly connected to the transparent glass panel (24); the concave sealing strip (43) and the convex sealing strip (44) are movably connected by bite; the second water-stopping structure comprises an elastic sealing strip (32) and a pressing device; the elastic sealing strip (32) is located between the tangential shear applying structures and is tightly covered on the left and right sides of the structural surface (31) by the pressing device.

2. The rock mass structural surface test device for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tangential shear applying structure comprises a loading pad located on one side of the rock sample (30) and a compression spring (28) located on the opposite side of the loading pad.

3. The rock mass structural surface test device for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seepage unit comprises a water inlet communication channel (41); the water inlet communication channel (41) is provided with a plurality of water inlets (36) distributed at equal intervals.

4. The rock mass structural surface test device for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The seepage unit further comprises a silicone seal strip (40) and a water inlet seal strip baffle (35) matched with the water inlet communication channel (41), and the thickness of the silicone seal strip (40) is greater than that of the water inlet seal strip baffle (35) and the water inlet communication channel (41).

5. The rock mass structural surface test device for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressing device comprises a reaction force support spring (27), a rotating bearing (33) and a rolling compression rod (34); The rotating bearing (33) is arranged between a loading pad located on one side of the rock sample (30) and the elastic sealing strip (32), and is composed of a plurality of groups of spherical balls (42); The reaction force support spring (27) is connected to the elastic sealing strip (32) via a rolling compression rod (34) provided at the end, and the other end is connected to the device side plate (21).

6. A rock mass structural surface test system for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, comprising an image observation device (1), a multifunctional reaction frame (2), a seepage pressurizing device (8) and an electro-hydraulic servo loading device (14), characterized in that: It also comprises a rock mass structural surface test device (3) for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; The image observation device (1) operates through the transparent glass panel (24) observation system; The multifunctional reaction frame (2) is connected to the shear dislocation unit; The seepage pressure device (8) is connected to the seepage unit; The electro-hydraulic servo loading device (14) is connected to the shearing dislocation unit and drives the shearing dislocation unit.

7. A rock mass structural surface test method with shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, characterized in that: The method is implemented by the rock mass structural surface test system for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading as claimed in claim 6, comprising the following steps: S1. tightly install the rock sample (30) containing the structural surface (31) in a rock mass structural surface test device (3) for shear-seepage orthogonal coupling loading, connect the water inlet pipe (11) to the water inlet (36), connect the water outlet pipe (12) to the water outlet (29), and inject the fluid medium of the shear-seepage coupling test into the water inlet pipe (11); S2, start the test machine, apply the normal load to the target value according to the set loading program, start the shear-seepage coupling test, collect the change data of the flow velocity and flow rate of the outlet (29), the load-displacement data in the normal and tangential directions, and the cloud map data of the strain field and displacement field during the loading process in real time, and calculate the real shear stress value of the rock mass structural surface under the shear-seepage coupling effect until the end of the test. The calculation expression is as follows: Among them, τ represents the true shear stress value of the rock mass structural surface, F0 represents the original test data of the tangential load, k represents the total elastic coefficient of the compression spring, k is a constant, s represents the tangential displacement generated during the loading process, and A represents the tangential load area of ​​the specimen and is a constant value; S3, dismantle the transparent glass panel (24) and the device side panel (21), take out the rock sample (30), and further analyze the structural surface (31).

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