A method for super-high density cultivation of facility sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of protected agriculture. The present invention provides a method for ultra-high density cultivation of sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags, comprising the following steps: (1) In the first year after seedling planting, pinch the lateral bud shoots; in winter, carry out pruning; (2) In the second year, carry out bud thinning after the dormancy of the apical shoots begins to germinate; pinch the lateral branches; in winter, carry out pruning; (3) In the third year, carry out bud thinning after the dormancy of the apical shoots begins to germinate; pinch the lateral branches; in winter, carry out pruning. The cultivation method of the present invention improves the tree shape to obtain an ultra-thin spindle tree shape; restricts the roots through breathable substrate bags, effectively controls the vegetative growth of the tree body, promotes flower bud differentiation and fruit development, improves the yield and quality of fruits, and then uses the integrated water and fertilizer technology to reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, realizing green production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of protected agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for super-high density cultivation of sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags in protected facilities. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the global sweet cherry market, the planting area of sweet cherries has been increasing year by year. As a fruit tree with relatively high economic benefits, sweet cherries have a long growth cycle. Generally, dwarf rootstock sweet cherry trees start to bear fruit in small amounts in the third year after planting, and can reach high yields only in the fifth year. Therefore, the high upfront cost investment makes many protected facility growers face huge pressure. How to shorten the time to enter the fruiting period is a difficult problem that protected facility sweet cherry growers urgently need to solve.

[0003] Currently, with the continuous development of protected cultivation technology and the popularization of the integrated water and fertilizer technology, the cultivation method of sweet cherries urgently needs to be innovated to meet the market demand for high-quality sweet cherries, while reducing the planting cost and achieving early results.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sweet cherry cultivation method that can meet the market demand. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for super-high density cultivation of sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags in protected facilities. By using the method of the present invention, a large number of large sweet cherry seedlings can be cultivated. The cultivated large seedlings can be transplanted at any time, and these large seedlings have already cultivated lateral branches with flowers in the early stage. After the grower transplants the large seedlings cultivated by the present invention, they can bear fruit in the same year, greatly shortening the income recovery time and improving the economic benefits of the grower.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for super-high density cultivation of sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags in protected facilities, including the following steps:

[0008] (1) In the first year after seedling planting, when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedling grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching treatment is carried out, and the new shoot at the top of the main trunk is not pinched; in winter, 3 - 5 restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 3 - 5 cm;

[0009] (2) In the second year after seedling planting, when the dormant buds of the top branches begin to germinate, bud thinning is carried out; when the lateral branches grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching treatment is carried out, and the new shoot at the top of the main trunk is not pinched; in winter, the restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 15 - 20 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned;

[0010] (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, thin the buds after the dormant buds at the top branches begin to germinate; pinch the side branches when they grow to 13 - 17 cm, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, control the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 20 - 25 cm, and prune the other side branches to 8 - 10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches.

[0011] Preferably, the seedlings described in step (1) are obtained by grafting with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock. The selection criteria for the seedlings are as follows: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, well-developed roots, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, good lignification degree of the branches, 3 - 5 plump buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; no damage to the roots and stems, and good grafting healing degree.

[0012] Preferably, the planting time described in step (1) is from the first ten days to the middle ten days of March, the trunk is cut to 35 - 45 cm, the plant spacing is 0.4 - 0.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.5 - 1.7 m.

[0013] Preferably, the seedlings described in step (1) are planted using a breathable root-limiting bag when planted, and the cherry seedlings are planted in a root-limiting bag filled with a cultivation substrate to limit the growth range of the roots.

[0014] Preferably, the root-limiting bag is a non-woven fabric bag with a diameter of 30 - 40 cm and a depth of 25 - 35 cm. When planting, 20 - 25 cm at the bottom of the root-limiting bag is buried in the field.

[0015] Preferably, before use, the root-limiting bag is punched with holes with a diameter of 0.5 - 1.5 cm at the bottom and on the side, 4 - 6 holes at the bottom, and 30 - 34 holes on the side.

[0016] Preferably, the cultivation substrate includes the following raw materials in volume parts: 8 - 12 parts of peat soil, 1.5 - 2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 - 2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5 - 2.5 parts of sheep manure.

[0017] Preferably, 3 - 5 cm of field soil is covered after planting in step (1).

[0018] Preferably, the density of bud thinning described in steps (2) and (3) is independently 2 buds per 4 - 6 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the cultivation method further includes the process of fertilization management. The fertilization periods include post-harvest fertilizer, summer fertilization, autumn fertilization, pre-bloom fertilizer, and fruit-stage fertilizer;

[0020] The post-harvest fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit harvesting. The post-harvest fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 - 15 kg / mu every 2 weeks.

[0021] The summer fertilization is applied after the postpartum fertilizer and before leaf fall. The summer fertilization is mainly balanced large-element water-soluble fertilizer, with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio being 0.8 - 1.2:0.8 - 1.2:0.8 - 1.2, and it is applied at a rate of 8 - 10 kg / mu every two weeks.

[0022] The autumn base fertilizer is applied between the first ten days of October and the end of leaf fall. The autumn base fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and it is applied at a rate of 10 - 15 kg / mu.

[0023] The pre-bloom fertilizer is applied before bud burst. The pre-bloom fertilizer is mainly full-element nutrient solution-type water-soluble fertilizer, and it is applied at a rate of 10 - 15 kg / mu.

[0024] The fruit-stage fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardening stage and the fruit color-changing stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and it is applied at a rate of 10 - 15 kg / mu.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for matrix bag root-limited super-high-density cultivation of greenhouse sweet cherries, which includes the following steps: (1) In the first year after seedling planting, when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedling grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching is carried out, and the new shoot at the top of the main trunk is not pinched; in winter, 3 - 5 restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 3 - 5 cm; (2) In the second year after seedling planting, when the dormancy of the top branches begins to germinate, bud thinning is carried out; when the lateral branches grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching is carried out, and the new shoot at the top of the main trunk is not pinched; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 15 - 20 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned; (3) In the third year after seedling planting, when the dormancy of the top branches begins to germinate, bud thinning is carried out; when the lateral branches grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching is carried out, and the new shoot at the top of the main trunk is not pinched; in winter, the main trunk is controlled below 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 20 - 25 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 8 - 10 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned.

[0026] The system of the present invention is divided into three major parts:

[0027] 1. Improved ultra-thin spindle tree form

[0028] Traditional cherry tree forms are mostly open or scattered types, which are not conducive to achieving high-density cultivation. Through the improvement of the "Luying No. 5" tree form, the present invention adopts an ultra-thin spindle tree form, controls the tree crown within a smaller range, reduces the plant spacing, and increases the planting density per unit area. This tree form is not only conducive to light and ventilation, but also can reduce the labor for pruning and picking, and improve the quality and yield of fruits.

[0029] 2. Root-limited cultivation

[0030] Root-restricted cultivation is a cultivation method that controls the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree body by restricting the root growth range. The present invention adopts the root-restricted technology of breathable substrate bags, plants cherry seedlings in bags filled with substrates (such as perlite, vermiculite, sheep manure, etc.), and restricts the root growth range through the size and shape of the bags. It effectively controls the vegetative growth of the tree body, promotes flower bud differentiation and fruit development, and improves the yield and quality of fruits. At the same time, the use of substrate bags can also facilitate transplanting and management, and improve cultivation efficiency.

[0031] 3. Integration of all-element water and fertilizer

[0032] According to the growth requirements of sweet cherry tree bodies, the present invention directly transports appropriate amounts of water and nutrient elements to the vicinity of the cherry tree roots through a drip irrigation system. Ensure that the cherry tree obtains sufficient water and nutrients during the growth process, and promote the healthy growth of the tree body and the development of fruits. At the same time, the integration technology of water and fertilizer can also reduce the waste of fertilizers and environmental pollution, and achieve green production.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] 1. Through the management of the cultivation system of the present invention, the produced seedlings can be directly sold as seedlings, quickly enter the full-fruit period, and shorten the income recovery time. First, the non-woven fabric substrate bag can be moved at any time without affecting the growth of the tree body; second, the tree shape has been cultivated and finalized, and it can be planted, fruited, and recovered the cost in the same year. By adopting the ultra-thin spindle tree shape and root-restricted cultivation technology, the growth rate of cherry trees can be effectively controlled, so that it can reach the full-fruit period in a relatively short time. At the same time, the integration technology of all-nutrient element water and fertilizer can ensure that the cherry tree obtains sufficient water and nutrients during the growth process, further promoting fruit development and yield increase. Therefore, this method can greatly shorten the income recovery time and improve the economic benefits of growers.

[0035] 2. The seedlings produced by the cultivation method of the present invention are planted in the facility, and the requirements for the facility greenhouse are relatively low. Generally, the height of the facility sweet cherry greenhouse is 6 meters, and the tree shape of the present invention only requires 4 meters. Many greenhouses built according to the requirements of vegetable greenhouses can be used to plant sweet cherries. Especially in Xinjiang, many idle greenhouses with a height of 4 meters cannot be used according to the previous management methods of sweet cherry trees, but they can be used in the system of the present invention.

[0036] 3. Root-restricted cultivation and the integration technology of all-nutrient element water and fertilizer can ensure that the cherry tree obtains a balanced nutrient supply during the growth process, which is beneficial to fruit development and quality improvement. At the same time, the ultra-thin spindle tree shape can improve the light and ventilation conditions inside the crown, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and further improve the fruit quality and yield. The produced fruits are large in size and high in yield. In the full-fruit period, one mu of land can reach 4000 kg, which is twice that of ordinary facility sweet cherry greenhouses.

[0037] 4. Light-simplified technology, labor-saving. The use of substrate bags can facilitate transplanting and management, reducing labor input in the planting process. At the same time, the integrated water and fertilizer technology can achieve automated and intelligent management, further reducing labor costs. Therefore, this method can achieve light-simplified cultivation, reduce planting costs, and improve economic benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the method for substrate bag root-limited super-high density cultivation of greenhouse sweet cherries. Among them, A is the first year after the seedlings are planted; B is the second year after the seedlings are planted, and the red arrow indicates the restraint branch; C is the third year after the seedlings are planted, and the red arrow indicates the restraint branch; D is the spring bud removal, and the red arrow indicates the removed buds; E is the growth state after bud removal, and the red arrow indicates the removed gaps; F is the root-limiting bag for seedling planting. Detailed Embodiment

[0039] The present invention provides a method for substrate bag root-limited super-high density cultivation of greenhouse sweet cherries, which includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedlings grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching treatment is carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not pinched; in winter, 3 - 5 restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 3 - 5 cm;

[0041] (2) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, when the dormant buds of the top branches begin to germinate, bud thinning is carried out; when the lateral branches grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching treatment is carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not pinched; in winter, the restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 15 - 20 cm, other lateral branches are pruned to 7 - 9 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned;

[0042] (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, when the dormant buds of the top branches begin to germinate, bud thinning is carried out; when the lateral branches grow to 13 - 17 cm, pinching treatment is carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not pinched; in winter, the main trunk is controlled below 130 cm, the restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 20 - 25 cm, other lateral branches are pruned to 8 - 10 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned.

[0043] In the present invention, the pinching treatment in step (1) is preferably carried out when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedlings grow to 15 cm.

[0044] In the present invention, in step (1), in winter, preferably 4 restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 8 cm, and other lateral branches are pruned to 4 cm.

[0045] In the present invention, the pinching treatment in step (2) is preferably carried out when the lateral branches grow to 15 cm.

[0046] In the present invention, in step (2), preferably in winter, the restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 17-18 cm, and the other lateral branches are pruned to 8 cm.

[0047] In the present invention, in step (3), the pinching treatment is preferably carried out when the lateral branches grow to 15 cm.

[0048] In the present invention, in step (3), preferably in winter, the restraint branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 22-23 cm, and the other lateral branches are pruned to 9 cm.

[0049] In the present invention, the seedlings in step (1) are preferably obtained by grafting with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock. The selection criteria for the seedlings are preferably: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, well-developed roots, having 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, good lignification degree of the branches, having 3-5 plump buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; no damage to the roots and stems, and good grafting healing degree.

[0050] In the present invention, the time for planting in step (1) is preferably from the first ten days to the middle ten days of March. The height of the trunk after pruning is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm. The plant spacing is preferably 0.4-0.6 m, more preferably 0.5 m. The row spacing is preferably 1.5-1.7 m, more preferably 1.6 m.

[0051] In the present invention, when planting the seedlings in step (1), it is preferably carried out using a breathable root-limiting bag. The cherry seedlings are planted in the root-limiting bag filled with cultivation substrate to limit the growth range of the roots.

[0052] In the present invention, the root-limiting bag is preferably a non-woven fabric bag with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 25-35 cm, more preferably a non-woven fabric bag with a diameter of 35 cm and a depth of 30 cm. When planting, preferably 20-25 cm of the bottom of the root-limiting bag is buried in the field, more preferably 22-23 cm.

[0053] In the present invention, before using the root-limiting bag, preferably holes with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm are drilled at the bottom and on the side. There are 4-6 holes at the bottom and 30-34 holes on the side. More preferably, holes with a diameter of 1 cm are drilled at the bottom and on the side, with 5 holes at the bottom and 32 holes on the side.

[0054] In the present invention, the cultivation substrate preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 8-12 parts of peat soil, 1.5-2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5-2.5 parts of vermiculite, 1.5-2.5 parts of sheep manure. More preferably: 10 parts of peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 2 parts of sheep manure.

[0055] In the present invention, after the step of planting, it is preferably covered with 3-5 cm of field soil, and more preferably 4 cm.

[0056] In the present invention, the purpose of covering the soil is to facilitate moisture retention.

[0057] In the present invention, the density of thinning buds in steps (2) and (3) is independently preferably 2 buds per 4-6 cm², and more preferably 2 buds per 5 cm².

[0058] In the present invention, the cultivation method further includes the process of fertilization management. The periods of fertilization include post-harvest fertilizer, summer fertilization, autumn fertilization, pre-bloom fertilizer, and fruit-stage fertilizer;

[0059] The post-harvest fertilizer is preferably applied within one month after fruit harvesting. The post-harvest fertilizer is preferably mainly a water-soluble fertilizer of a complete-element nutrient solution type, and is applied at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu every 2 weeks, and more preferably 12-13 kg / mu;

[0060] The summer fertilization is preferably applied after the post-harvest fertilizer until before leaf fall. The summer fertilization is preferably mainly a water-soluble fertilizer of a balanced type of macronutrients, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, more preferably 1:1:1, and is applied at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu every 2 weeks, and more preferably 9 kg / mu;

[0061] The autumn base fertilizer is preferably applied between early October and the end of leaf fall. The autumn base fertilizer is preferably mainly a water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu, and more preferably 12-13 kg / mu;

[0062] The pre-bloom fertilizer is preferably applied before budding. The pre-bloom fertilizer is preferably mainly a water-soluble fertilizer of a complete-element nutrient solution type, and is applied at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu, and more preferably 12-13 kg / mu;

[0063] The fruit-stage fertilizer is preferably applied during the fruit hardening stage and the fruit color-changing stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is preferably mainly a water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids or a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu, and more preferably 12-13 kg / mu.

[0064] In the present invention, the cultivation method preferably further includes the step of drainage detection. The drainage detection method is to use a soil nutrient rapid tester for regular detection. When detecting the drainage, in each row of seedlings, one plant is randomly selected, and the nutrients at the bottom of the root-limiting bag are detected with a soil nutrient rapid tester.

[0065] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] A method for high - density cultivation of facility sweet cherry with root - restriction in substrate bags includes the following steps:

[0068] (1) Graft the scion of Luying No. 5 onto the rootstock of Gisela No. 6 to obtain seedlings. Select seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, well - developed roots, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, good lignification degree of branches, 3 - 5 plump buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the grafting healing degree is good as the cultivation objects for standby;

[0069] (2) On March 5th, use non - woven bags with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm as root - restricting bags for seedling planting. When planting, configure the cultivation substrate according to the volume ratio of 8 parts of peat soil, 2.5 parts of perlite, 2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 2.5 parts of sheep manure. After filling the cultivation substrate into the root - restricting bags, make holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm at the bottom and side of the root - restricting bags, with 6 holes at the bottom and 34 holes on the side. Then, plant the root - restricting bags in the field according to the standards of 35 cm of trunk - topping, a plant spacing of 0.4 m, and a row spacing of 1.7 m. When planting, bury 20 cm of the bottom of the root - restricting bag into the field, and cover 5 cm of field soil after planting;

[0070] (3) In the first year after seedling planting, when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedlings grow to 17 cm, perform pinching treatment, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the 3 restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 9 cm, and prune other lateral branches to 5 cm;

[0071] (4) In the second year after seedling planting, after the dormancy of the top branches begins to germinate, thin the buds according to the standard of 2 buds per 4 cm²; when the lateral branches grow to 17 cm, perform pinching treatment, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 20 cm, and prune other lateral branches to 7 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches;

[0072] (5) In the third year after seedling planting, after the dormancy of the top branches begins to germinate, thin the buds according to the standard of 2 buds per 4 cm²; when the lateral branches grow to 17 cm, perform pinching treatment, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, control the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 20 cm, and prune other lateral branches to 10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches to obtain large - sized sweet cherry seedlings;

[0073] (6) After transplanting the large - sized sweet cherry seedlings, apply postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre - flowering fertilizer, and fruit - stage fertilizer;

[0074] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full - element nutrient solution - type water - soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu every 2 weeks;

[0075] The summer fertilization is applied after the postnatal fertilizer and before leaf fall. The summer fertilization is mainly balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 1.2:1.2:0.8, and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu every two weeks.

[0076] The autumn base fertilizer is applied between the first ten days of October and the end of leaf fall. The autumn base fertilizer is mainly amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu.

[0077] The pre-bloom fertilizer is applied before budding. The pre-bloom fertilizer is mainly complete-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0078] The fruit-stage fertilizer is applied during the fruit pit hardening stage and the fruit color-changing stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is mainly amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] A method for super-high density cultivation of facility sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Grafting to obtain seedlings with Luying 5 as the scion and Gisela 6 as the rootstock. Select seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, well-developed roots, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, good lignification degree of branches, 3-5 plump buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the grafting healing degree is good as the cultivation object and set aside.

[0082] (2) On March 10th, use non-woven bags with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 35 cm as the root-restricting bags for seedling planting. When planting, configure the cultivation substrate according to the volume ratio of 12 parts of peat soil, 1.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5 parts of sheep manure. After filling the cultivation substrate into the root-restricting bags, make holes with a diameter of 1.5 cm at the bottom and side of the root-restricting bags, with 4 holes at the bottom and 30 holes on the side. Then, plant the root-restricting bags in the field according to the standards of 45 cm of trunk cutting, 0.6 m of plant spacing, and 1.5 m of row spacing. When planting, 25 cm of the bottom of the root-restricting bag is buried in the field, and 3 cm of field soil is covered after planting.

[0083] (3) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, when the new shoots of the lateral buds of the seedling trunk grow to 13 cm, carry out pinching treatment, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the trunk. In winter, prune 5 restraint branches at the base of the trunk to 7 cm, and prune other lateral branches to 3 cm.

[0084] (4) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, when the dormancy of the apical branches begins to germinate, thin the buds according to the standard of 2 buds per 6 cm; when the lateral branches grow to 13 cm, pinch the tips, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 15 cm, and prune the other lateral branches to 9 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches;

[0085] (5) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, when the dormancy of the apical branches begins to germinate, thin the buds according to the standard of 2 buds per 6 cm; when the lateral branches grow to 13 cm, pinch the tips, and do not pinch the new shoots at the top of the main trunk; in winter, control the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 25 cm, and prune the other lateral branches to 8 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches to obtain large sweet cherry seedlings;

[0086] (6) After transplanting the large sweet cherry seedlings, apply postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-bloom fertilizer and fruit-stage fertilizer;

[0087] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu every 2 weeks;

[0088] The summer fertilizer is applied after the postpartum fertilizer until before leaf fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly a balanced large-element water-soluble fertilizer, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 0.8:0.8:1.2, and is applied at a rate of 8 kg / mu every 2 weeks;

[0089] The autumn base fertilizer is applied between the start of leaf fall and the end of leaf fall. The autumn base fertilizer is mainly an amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0090] The pre-bloom fertilizer is applied before germination. The pre-bloom fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0091] The fruit-stage fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardening stage and the fruit color-changing stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is mainly an amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] A method for high-density cultivation of sweet cherries with root restriction in substrate bags in protected facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0094] (1) Graft seedlings with Luying 5 as the scion and Gisela 6 as the rootstock. Select seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, well-developed roots, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, good lignification of the branches, 3-5 plump buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the grafting healing degree is good as the cultivation object and set aside;

[0095] (2) On March 16th, non-woven bags with a diameter of 35 cm and a depth of 30 cm were used as root-limiting bags for seedling planting. When planting, the cultivation substrate was prepared according to the volume ratio of 10 parts of peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, and 2 parts of sheep manure. After filling the root-limiting bags with the cultivation substrate, holes with a diameter of 1 cm were drilled at the bottom and sides of the root-limiting bags, with 5 holes at the bottom and 32 holes on the sides. Subsequently, the root-limiting bags were planted in the field according to the standards of a 40-cm trunk height, a 0.5-m plant spacing, and a 1.6-m row spacing. When planting, 23 cm of the bottom of the root-limiting bag was buried in the field, and 4 cm of field soil was covered after planting;

[0096] (3) In the first year after the seedlings were planted, when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedlings grew to 15 cm, pinching was carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk were not pinched; in winter, the 4 restraining branches at the base of the main trunk were pruned to 8 cm, and the other lateral branches were pruned to 4 cm;

[0097] (4) In the second year after the seedlings were planted, when the dormancy of the top branches began to germinate, thinning of buds was carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 5 cm; when the lateral branches grew to 15 cm, pinching was carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk were not pinched; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk were pruned to 18 cm, and the other lateral branches were pruned to 8 cm, and the fruiting branches were not pruned;

[0098] (5) In the third year after the seedlings were planted, when the dormancy of the top branches began to germinate, thinning of buds was carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 5 cm; when the lateral branches grew to 15 cm, pinching was carried out, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk were not pinched; in winter, the main trunk was controlled below 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk were pruned to 23 cm, and the other lateral branches were pruned to 9 cm, and the fruiting branches were not pruned, obtaining large-sized sweet cherry seedlings;

[0099] (6) After transplanting the large-sized sweet cherry seedlings, post-harvest fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-bloom fertilizer, and fruit-stage fertilizer were applied;

[0100] The post-harvest fertilizer was applied within one month after fruit harvesting. The post-harvest fertilizer was mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and was applied at a rate of 10 - 15 kg / mu every 2 weeks;

[0101] The summer fertilizer was applied after the post-harvest fertilizer until before leaf fall. The summer fertilizer was mainly a balanced large-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 1:1:1, and was applied at a rate of 9 kg / mu every 2 weeks;

[0102] The autumn base fertilizer was applied between the start of leaf fall and the end of leaf fall. The autumn base fertilizer was mainly an amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and was applied at a rate of 13 kg / mu;

[0103] The pre-bloom fertilizer was applied before bud burst. The pre-bloom fertilizer was mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and was applied at a rate of 12 kg / mu;

[0104] The fruit-stage fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardening stage and the fruit color-changing stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is mainly composed of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 13 kg per mu.

[0105] Test Example

[0106] An agricultural greenhouse with an area of 4 mu was used to plant 3-year-old seedlings cultivated through the pruning in Example 3 above. The seedlings were planted according to a row spacing of 1 m and a plant spacing of 1.5 m, with a total of 1,760 plants. The plants achieved high yield in the year of planting, with a total annual output of 3,520 kg. The high-quality fruit rate was 77%, and the annual income was far higher than that of the control group.

[0107] The control group was an agricultural greenhouse with an area of 4 mu, having the same structure and the same cost as the above greenhouse. The plants were planted in the ground, using Colt rootstock, with a row spacing of 2 m and a plant spacing of 3 m, and a total of 440 six-year-old big trees. The trees achieved high yield in the year of planting, with a total annual output of 1,300 kg. The high-quality fruit rate was 85%.

[0108] For the specific results, see Table 1.

[0109] Table 1

[0110] Example Control Example Tree age 3 6 Price (yuan) 50 yuan / tree 600 yuan / tree Number of trees per mu 440 110 Seedling investment (yuan) 22000 66000 Total output 3520 kg 1300 kg High-quality fruit rate 77％ 85％ Fresh fruit sales (yuan) 269500 106250 Gross income in the current year 247500 40250

[0111] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for ultra-high density cultivation of facility sweet cherry with root restriction in substrate bags, which includes the following steps: (1) In the first year after seedling planting, pinch the lateral bud new shoots; in winter, perform pruning; (2) In the second year, thin the buds after the dormancy of the apical branches begins to germinate; pinch the lateral branches; in winter, perform pruning; (3) In the third year, thin the buds after the dormancy of the apical branches begins to germinate; pinch the lateral branches; in winter, perform pruning. The cultivation method of the present invention improves the tree shape to obtain an ultra-thin spindle tree shape; restricts the roots through breathable substrate bags, effectively controls the vegetative growth of the tree body, promotes flower bud differentiation and fruit development, improves the yield and quality of fruits, and then uses the water and fertilizer integration technology to reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, realizing green production.

[0112] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating sweet cherries in a facility with a substrate bag and limited roots in an ultra-high density, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 13-17 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk do not need to be pinched. In winter, 3-5 supporting branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7-9 cm, and other side branches are pruned to 3-5 cm. (2) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the side branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 15-20 cm, prune other side branches to 7-9 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches; (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the side branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, keep the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the trunk to 20-25 cm, prune other side branches to 8-10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches; The cultivation matrix includes the following raw materials in volume: 8-12 parts of peat soil, 1.5-2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5-2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5-2.5 parts of sheep manure; The cultivation method also includes a fertilization management process, wherein the fertilization periods include postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and fruiting fertilizer; The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu; The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu; The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between early October and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu; The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu; The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied in an amount of 10 to 15 kg per mu.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedlings described in step (1) are obtained by grafting with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock, and the selection criteria of the seedlings are: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the graft healing degree is good.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planting time in step (1) is from early March to mid-March, with a fixed stem of 35-45 cm, a plant spacing of 0.4-0.6 m, and a row spacing of 1.5-1.7 m.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seedlings described in step (1) are planted in breathable root-limiting bags, and the cherry seedlings are planted in the root-limiting bags filled with cultivation substrate to limit the growth range of the root system.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The root-limiting bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 25-35 cm. During planting, the bottom 20-25 cm of the root-limiting bag is buried in the field.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Before use, the root limiting bag is punched with holes with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 cm at the bottom and the side, with 4 to 6 holes at the bottom and 30 to 34 holes at the side.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After planting in step (1), cover with 3-5 cm of field soil.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The density of the bud thinning in steps (2) and (3) is independently 2 buds per 4-6 cm.

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