Rapid cooling device and method capable of improving structure and mechanical property of electric arc fuse wire additive part

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid cooling device and method capable of improving the structure and mechanical property of an electric arc fuse wire additive manufacturing workpiece, the device is mainly composed of a cooling system, an automatic lifting system and a control system, and the cooling system is mainly composed of a cooling plate, a water cooling machine, an infrared thermometer and the like; rapid cooling of a straight wall sample is achieved, the cooling speed is adjustable within a certain range, the lifting system mainly adjusts the position of a water cooling plate automatically along with increase of the forming height, cooling of a molten pool and adjacent layers in the additive manufacturing process is achieved, and the control system mainly controls operation of the water cooling system and the automatic lifting system. By means of the device and the method, the cooling speed during arc fuse additive manufacturing of the straight wall can be greatly increased, the mechanical property of a formed workpiece is improved, the structure is improved, meanwhile, the forming time can be effectively shortened, and the forming efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and in particular to a device and method for improving the structure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys manufactured by arc fuse additive manufacturing by rapid cooling. Background Art

[0002] Magnesium and its alloys are the lightest engineering metal materials, known as the "green engineering materials of the 21st century". Due to their low specific gravity, high specific strength and stiffness, recyclability, good biocompatibility, and excellent castability and machinability, they have attracted increasing attention in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, 3C (computers, communications and consumer electronics), construction and biomedicine, and have great application potential. Traditional casting / forging processes are widely used to manufacture magnesium alloys, but they have many limitations, such as low cooling rate, difficult to avoid casting defects, high equipment requirements, limited design freedom, low yield and material utilization. However, wire arc additive manufacturing, as an emerging directed energy deposition technology, can rapidly form large components with complex geometric features and customizable microstructures, providing an effective way to manufacture complex structural components.

[0003] Arc-fused wire additive manufacturing has the advantages of high deposition rate, large and complex parts, simple equipment and operation, low equipment energy consumption, high material utilization, and easy real-time repair. Despite these advantages, research on magnesium alloy processes based on WAAM is still limited because there are not many materials that can be used for filler wire, and the alloys that can be used for this are not specifically designed for welding or additive layer manufacturing, so their performance is limited. In addition, during the manufacturing process, as the number and width of the stacking layers increase, the heat dissipation conditions of the components deteriorate, the heat accumulation is serious, and the molten pool is overheated, which will lead to the growth of columnar grain structure, resulting in poor tensile properties and anisotropic mechanical properties. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a rapid cooling device and method that can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive manufacturing parts. The grain size is controlled by increasing the solidification and cooling rate of the molten pool during the additive manufacturing process of magnesium alloy arc fuse, thereby improving the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy manufactured by arc fuse additive manufacturing.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A rapid cooling device capable of improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of an arc fuse additive part, the device mainly consists of a cooling system, an automatic lifting system and a control system. The cooling system mainly regulates the solidification of the molten pool during the arc fuse additive forming process and the cooling rate of the additive part after solidification, so as to refine the microstructure of the additive part and improve the mechanical properties; the automatic lifting system automatically adjusts the position requiring cooling as the height of the additive part changes, so that it can always effectively cool the molten pool and the heat-affected zone; the control system mainly controls the operation of the cooling system and the lifting action of the automatic lifting system after the single-layer additive manufacturing is completed.

[0007] The cooling system is mainly composed of a water chiller 1, a left water cooling plate 6, a right water cooling plate 7 and an infrared thermal imager 5; the water outlet of the water chiller 1 is connected to the water inlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7 through a pipeline, the water inlet of the water chiller 1 is connected to the water outlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7 through a pipeline, and the infrared thermal imager 5 is installed on the welding gun 3 of the electric welder through the infrared thermal imager fixing seat 4, and is used to detect the temperature change of each layer in the additive manufacturing forming process and feed back to the control system;

[0008] The automatic lifting system is mainly composed of a linear optical axis guide rail, a clamping cylinder 12, a fixing plate 13, a stepping motor 14, a support 19, a coupling 15, a screw upper mounting seat 16, a screw 17, a screw slider 18, a support 19, a linear guide rail and a screw lower mounting seat 22;

[0009] Wherein, both ends of the linear optical axis guide rail are threaded, the right end of the linear optical axis guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate 13 through a threaded connection, the left end of the linear optical axis guide rail is fixed to the left water cooling plate 6 through a nut, the right water cooling plate 7 is connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 12, the clamping cylinder 12 is installed on the fixed plate 13, and the right water cooling plate 7 slides on the linear optical axis guide rail under the action of the clamping cylinder 12 to achieve the clamping and loosening of the additive straight wall part 10; the additive straight wall part 10 is generated at the upper end of the substrate, the substrate is fixed to the top of the substrate mounting seat 11, and the substrate mounting seat 11 is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench 23;

[0010] The support 19 is vertically mounted on the additive manufacturing workbench 23, and the upper end of the support 19 is connected to the stepper motor 14 through the stepper motor mounting plate, and the stepper motor 14 is connected to the lead screw 17 through the coupling 15; the lead screw 17 and the linear guide are fixed by the lead screw upper mounting seat 16 and the lead screw lower mounting seat 22, the lead screw upper mounting seat 16 is fixed on the support 19, and the lead screw lower mounting seat 22 is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench 23; the lead screw slider 18 is mounted on the lead screw 17 and the linear guide, and the fixed plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the lead screw slider 18; under the action of the stepper motor 14, the left water-cooling plate 6, the right water-cooling plate 7, the linear optical axis guide, the clamping cylinder 12, the fixed plate 13 and the lead screw slider 18 slide along the lead screw 17 and the linear guide.

[0011] Preferably, the substrate is fixed to the top of the substrate mounting seat 11 by two sets of C-shaped bayonet fasteners.

[0012] Preferably, there are two groups of linear optical axis guide rails, the first linear optical axis guide rail 8 is arranged at the front end of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7, and the second linear optical axis guide rail 9 is arranged at the rear end of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7.

[0013] Preferably, there are two groups of linear guide rails, and the first linear guide rail 20 and the second linear guide rail 21 are respectively located on both sides of the lead screw 17.

[0014] A rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts, wherein the cooling speed control process is as follows:

[0015] Step 1, prepare the substrate: the size of the substrate is determined according to the width and length of the additive straight wall part 10 to be prepared and the preparation is completed. The substrate is made of magnesium alloy material, the width of the substrate is the same as the width of the straight wall part 10, the length of the substrate is the same as the length of the top of the substrate mounting seat 11, and the length of the two is greater than the length of the straight wall part 10, so that the two ends are fixed with C-shaped bayonet;

[0016] Step 2, substrate pretreatment and installation: the prepared substrate surface is first polished with 600-grit sandpaper, and then the formed surface of the substrate is cleaned with anhydrous alcohol. After drying, the two ends of the substrate are fixed to the substrate mounting seat 11 with C-shaped bayonet, with the formed surface of the substrate facing upward;

[0017] Step 3, adjusting the height of the left water-cooling plate 6 and the right water-cooling plate 7 and clamping the substrate and the substrate mounting seat 11 through the automatic lifting system: the control system 2 drives the stepper motor 14 to rotate, thereby driving the left water-cooling plate 6 and the right water-cooling plate 7 to rise and fall, so that the distance between the molding surface of the substrate and the top of the left water-cooling plate 6 and the right water-cooling plate 7 is the height of the single-layer additive manufacturing, and then the control system 2 drives the pneumatic valve to open, and the clamping cylinder 12 is pressurized to clamp the left water-cooling plate 6 and the right water-cooling plate 7 to clamp the substrate and the substrate mounting seat 11;

[0018] Step 4, start the water cooling system: the control system 2 starts the water chiller 1, and the cold water from the water outlet of the chiller 1 enters the water inlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7, and returns to the return water outlet of the chiller 1 through the water outlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7 and takes away the heat;

[0019] Step 5, start additive manufacturing: start the welding gun 3 of the electric welder to complete the first layer of additive manufacturing. During the forming process, the infrared thermal imager 5 detects the temperature change, and the water cooling system continuously cools the molten pool and the additive straight wall part 10;

[0020] Step 6, after completing one layer of additive forming, the welding gun 3 of the electric welder stops working, and waits for the temperature of the additive straight wall part 10 to drop to the preset temperature, and then the control system 2 drives the clamping cylinder 12 to release, and drives the stepper motor 14 to make the lifting system work, and after the left water-cooling plate 6 and the right water-cooling plate 7 rise to a height of one layer, the clamping cylinder 12 is driven to clamp and start the next layer of additive forming;

[0021] Step 7, repeat steps 4 to 6 until the desired height is reached and the forming is completed, the clamping cylinder 12 is released and the additive straight wall component 10 is removed.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1. The rapid cooling device and method proposed in the present invention that can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive manufacturing parts can greatly increase the solidification rate of the molten pool and the cooling rate of the parts, reduce the impact of the molten pool on the surrounding tissues during movement, and further refine the tissue and improve the mechanical properties of the parts.

[0024] 2. The rapid cooling device proposed in the present invention is used to cool the workpiece, which can reduce the inter-layer waiting time in the arc fuse additive manufacturing process and improve the additive manufacturing efficiency.

[0025] 3. When the device of the present invention is used to cool the arc fuse additive manufacturing deposition process, the control system automatically controls the cooling system to complete the height adjustment, and the degree of automation is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping part used for the additive straight wall component in the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 1 is the stress-strain curve of the tensile test, wherein (a) is Example 1, and (b) is Comparative Example 1;

[0029] Figure 4 1 is a temperature-time variation curve during the deposition process, wherein (a) is Example 1, and (b) is Comparative Example 1;

[0030] Figure 5 , wherein (a) is Example 1, and (b) is Comparative Example 1;

[0031] In the figure: 1- water cooling machine, 2- control system, 3- welding gun, 4- infrared thermal imager fixing seat, 5- infrared thermal imager, 6- left water cooling plate, 7- right water cooling plate, 8- first linear optical axis guide rail, 9- second linear optical axis guide rail, 10- additive straight wall component, 11- base plate mounting seat, 12- clamping cylinder, 13- fixing plate, 14- stepping motor, 15- coupling, 16- screw upper mounting seat, 17- screw, 18- screw slider, 19- support, 20- first linear guide rail, 21- second linear guide rail, 22- screw upper mounting seat, 23- additive manufacturing workbench; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated in the form of specific embodiments below.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts in the present invention, the device mainly consists of a cooling system, an automatic lifting system and a control system;

[0034] The cooling system mainly regulates the solidification of the molten pool during the arc fuse additive forming process and the cooling rate of the additive parts after solidification, so as to refine the structure of the additive parts and improve the mechanical properties; the automatic lifting system automatically adjusts the position that needs cooling as the height of the additive parts changes, so that it can always effectively cool the molten pool and the heat-affected zone; the control system mainly controls the operation of the cooling system and the lifting and lowering action of the automatic lifting system after the single-layer additive manufacturing is completed.

[0035] The cooling system is mainly composed of a water chiller 1, a left water cooling plate 6, a right water cooling plate 7 and an infrared thermal imager 5; the water outlet of the water chiller 1 is connected to the water inlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7 through a pipeline, the water inlet of the water chiller 1 is connected to the water outlet of the left water cooling plate 6 and the right water cooling plate 7 through a pipeline, and the infrared thermal imager 5 is installed on the welding gun 3 of the electric welder through the infrared thermal imager fixing seat 4, and is used to detect the temperature change of each layer in the additive manufacturing forming process and feed back to the control system;

[0036] The automatic lifting system is mainly composed of a first linear optical axis guide rail 8, a second linear optical axis guide rail 9, a clamping cylinder 12, a fixing plate 13, a stepping motor 14, a support 19, a coupling 15, a lead screw upper mounting seat 16, a lead screw 17, a lead screw slider 18, a support 19, a first linear guide rail 20, a second linear guide rail 21 and a lead screw lower mounting seat 22;

[0037] Wherein, both ends of the linear optical axis guide rails 8 and 9 are threaded, the right ends of the linear optical axis guide rails 8 and 9 are fixed to the fixed plate 13 through threaded connection, the left ends of the linear optical axis guide rails 8 and 9 are fixed to the left water cooling plate 6 through nuts, the right water cooling plate 7 is connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 12, the clamping cylinder 12 is installed on the fixed plate 13, and the right water cooling plate 7 slides on the linear optical axis guide rails 8 and 9 under the action of the clamping cylinder 12 to achieve the clamping and loosening of the additive straight wall component 10; the additive straight wall component 10 is generated at the upper end of the base plate, the base plate is fixed to the top of the base plate mounting seat 11 by two sets of C-shaped bayonet sockets, and the base plate mounting seat 11 is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench 23;

[0038] The support 19 is vertically mounted on the additive manufacturing workbench 23, and the upper end of the support 19 is connected to the stepper motor 14 through the stepper motor mounting plate, and the stepper motor 14 is connected to the lead screw 17 through the coupling 15; the lead screw 17, the first linear guide 20 and the second linear guide 21 are fixed by the lead screw upper mounting seat 16 and the lead screw lower mounting seat 22, the lead screw upper mounting seat 16 is fixed on the support 19, and the lead screw lower mounting seat 22 is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench 23; the lead screw slider 18 is mounted on the lead screw 17, the first linear guide 20 and the second linear guide 21, and the fixed plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the lead screw slider 18; under the action of the stepper motor 14, the left water-cooling plate 6, the right water-cooling plate 7, the first linear optical axis guide 8, the second linear optical axis guide 9, the clamping cylinder 12, the fixed plate 13 and the lead screw slider 18 slide along the lead screw 17 and the first linear guide 20 and the second linear guide 21.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for improving the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys by using the above-mentioned device for rapid cooling of arc fuse additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Cool the deionized water to 15-20°C using the MCW series water cooler in advance and then pass it into the water cooling plate;

[0042] Step 2, using a magnesium alloy AZ31 extruded plate as a substrate, pre-treating the surface of the substrate, the substrate size is 120 mm×8 mm×4 mm, and the pre-treatment is: first grinding with 600-grit sandpaper, and then wiping the surface of the substrate with anhydrous alcohol to obtain a pre-treated substrate;

[0043] Step 3, build an experimental platform, first fix the pretreated substrate obtained in step 2 on a liftable platform with a clamp, and then fix the two cooling plates described in step 1 on both sides of the substrate (not on the liftable platform);

[0044] Step 4, using magnesium alloy AZ31 with a diameter of 1.2 mm as a filler wire, adopting arc fuse additive manufacturing technology, and cooperating with cold metal transfer (CMT) mode to weld a single-pass multi-layer workpiece, with the horizontal direction of the substrate as the traveling direction of additive manufacturing, and the vertical direction of the substrate as the stacking direction of additive manufacturing. After determining the starting point P1 and the end point P2 on the substrate, a two-way reciprocating travel path is adopted, and the welding gun first deposits from point P1 to point P2. After the computer temperature reading cools to 48-52°C, the engine is started to lower the lifting platform by 3mm, and the welding gun is then deposited from point P2 to point P1. After the computer temperature reading cools to 48-52°C, the lifting platform is further lowered by 3mm;

[0045] Step 5, repeat step 4 until 12 layers are deposited, and finally obtain the thin wall of magnesium alloy AZ31 manufactured by arc fuse additive manufacturing. The size of the obtained thin wall is 95mm×8mm×4mm, and the welding process parameters are: welding current is 90A, welding voltage is 12.3V, wire feeding speed is 6.2m / min, and travel speed is 6.6mm / s. The welding gun adopts a "Z"-shaped swing mode with a swing width of 7mm and a swing length of 3mm, and the shielding gas is high-purity argon gas with a gas flow rate of 20L / min.

[0046] After sampling in the stacking direction, the magnesium alloy thin wall obtained in this embodiment has a room temperature tensile strength of 240.8 MPa, a yield strength of 119.9 MPa, and an elongation of 13%. Figure 3 (a) shown.

[0047] In the additive manufacturing process of this embodiment, the time required to cool to the target temperature is short, and the time required to obtain a final magnesium alloy component is ~1100s. Figure 4 (a) shown.

[0048] The workpiece finally obtained in this embodiment was observed through electron microscope for microstructure. Figure 5 As shown in (a), it can be seen that the grain size is 58 μm.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing magnesium alloy by arc fuse additive manufacturing through natural air cooling without using the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1, using a magnesium alloy AZ31 extruded plate as a substrate, pre-treating the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate has a size of 120 mm×40 mm×4 mm, and the pre-treatment is as follows: first grinding with 600-grit sandpaper, and then wiping the surface of the substrate with anhydrous alcohol to obtain a pre-treated substrate;

[0052] Step 2, build an experimental platform and fix the substrate on a common workbench with a clamp;

[0053] Step 3, using magnesium alloy AZ31 with a diameter of 1.2 mm as a filler wire, using arc fuse additive manufacturing technology, and cooperating with cold metal transfer (CMT) mode to weld a single-pass multi-layer workpiece, with the horizontal direction of the substrate as the traveling direction of the additive manufacturing, and the vertical direction of the substrate as the stacking direction of the additive manufacturing. After determining the starting point P1 and the end point P2 on the substrate, a two-way reciprocating travel path is adopted, and the welding gun first deposits from point P1 to point P2. After the surface temperature of the workpiece is naturally cooled to 50°C by air, the welding gun deposits from point P2 to point P1;

[0054] Step 4, repeat step 3 until 12 layers are deposited, and finally a thin wall of magnesium alloy AZ31 is obtained by arc fuse additive manufacturing. The size of the obtained thin wall is 95mm×8mm×4mm, and the welding process parameters are: welding current is 90A, welding voltage is 12.3V, wire feeding speed is 6.2m / min, and travel speed is 6.6mm / s. The welding gun moves in a "Z"-shaped swing mode with a swing width of 7mm and a swing length of 3mm, and the shielding gas is high-purity argon gas with a gas flow rate of 20L / min.

[0055] The magnesium alloy thin wall obtained in this comparative example was sampled in the stacking direction, and the room temperature tensile strength was 188.1 MPa, the yield strength was 103.2 MPa, and the elongation was 9.2%. Figure 3 (b) as shown.

[0056] In the additive manufacturing process of this comparative example, it takes a long time to cool to the target temperature, and the time taken to obtain a final magnesium alloy component is 2200s. Figure 4 (b) as shown.

[0057] The workpiece finally obtained in this embodiment was observed through electron microscope for microstructure. Figure 5 As shown in (b), it can be seen that the grain size is 119 μm.

[0058] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the grain size is refined through the water-cooling-assisted rapid cooling strategy, so that the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the workpiece are greatly improved.

[0059] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the time for depositing a workpiece is greatly reduced and the deposition efficiency is greatly improved through the water-cooling-assisted rapid cooling strategy.

[0060] The present invention, based on the optimized process parameters such as welding current, welding voltage, wire feeding speed, travel speed and swing amplitude, adopts a water-cooling-assisted rapid cooling mode to increase the interlayer cooling rate of the welding workpiece, inhibit grain growth, and thus control the grain size, and finally greatly improve the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the workpiece. In addition, the above content is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The present invention is not only applicable to the arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy wires, but also to the arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy wires, titanium alloy wires, etc.

Claims

1. A rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts, characterized in that: The device is mainly composed of a cooling system, an automatic lifting system and a control system; The cooling system mainly consists of a water chiller (1), a left water cooling plate (6), a right water cooling plate (7) and an infrared thermal imager (5); the water outlet of the water chiller (1) is connected to the water inlet of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7) through a pipeline, the water inlet of the water chiller (1) is connected to the water outlet of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7) through a pipeline, and the infrared thermal imager (5) is installed on the welding gun (3) of the electric welding machine through the infrared thermal imager fixing seat (4) to detect the temperature change of each layer in the additive manufacturing forming process and feed back to the control system; The automatic lifting system is mainly composed of a linear optical axis guide rail, a clamping cylinder (12), a fixing plate (13), a stepping motor (14), a coupling (15), a lead screw upper mounting seat (16), a lead screw (17), a lead screw slider (18), a support (19), a linear guide rail and a lead screw lower mounting seat (22); Wherein, both ends of the linear optical axis guide rail are threaded, the right end of the linear optical axis guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate (13) through a threaded connection, the left end of the linear optical axis guide rail is fixed to the left water cooling plate (6) through a nut, the right water cooling plate (7) is connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder (12), the clamping cylinder (12) is installed on the fixed plate (13), and the right water cooling plate (7) slides on the linear optical axis guide rail under the action of the clamping cylinder (12) to achieve clamping and loosening of the additive straight wall component (10); the additive straight wall component (10) is generated on the upper end of the base plate, the base plate is fixed on the top of the base plate mounting seat (11), and the base plate mounting seat (11) is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench (23); The support (19) is vertically mounted on the additive manufacturing workbench (23), the upper end of the support (19) is connected to the stepper motor (14) through a stepper motor mounting plate, and the stepper motor (14) is connected to the lead screw (17) through a coupling (15); the lead screw (17) and the linear guide rail are fixed through an upper lead screw mounting seat (16) and a lower lead screw mounting seat (22), the upper lead screw mounting seat (16) is fixed on the support (19), and the lower lead screw mounting seat (22) is fixed on the additive manufacturing workbench (23); the lead screw slider (18) is mounted on the lead screw (17) and the linear guide rail, and the fixed plate (13) is fixedly mounted on the lead screw slider (18); under the action of the stepper motor (14), the left water cooling plate (6), the right water cooling plate (7), the linear optical axis guide rail, the clamping cylinder (12), the fixed plate (13) and the lead screw slider (18) slide along the lead screw (17) and the linear guide rail; The control system mainly controls the operation of the cooling system and the lifting and lowering action of the automatic lifting system after the single-layer additive manufacturing is completed.

2. The rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate is fixed on the top of the base plate mounting seat (11) by two groups of C-shaped bayonet sockets.

3. The rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linear optical axis guide rails are provided in two groups. The first linear optical axis guide rail (8) is provided at the front end of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7), and the second linear optical axis guide rail (9) is provided at the rear end of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7).

4. The rapid cooling device capable of improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linear guide rails have two groups, and the first linear guide rail (20) and the second linear guide rail (21) are respectively located on both sides of the lead screw (17).

5. The rapid cooling method for improving the structure and mechanical properties of arc fuse additive parts according to the device of claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of this method are as follows: Step (1), preparing a substrate: the size of the substrate is determined according to the width and length of the additive straight-walled component (10) to be prepared, and the preparation is completed. The substrate is made of magnesium alloy material, the width of the substrate is the same as the width of the straight-walled component (10), and the length of the substrate is the same as the length of the top of the substrate mounting seat (11), and both lengths are greater than the length of the straight-walled component (10); Step (2), substrate pretreatment and installation: the prepared substrate surface is first polished with 600-grit sandpaper, and then the formed surface of the substrate is cleaned with anhydrous alcohol. After drying, the substrate is fixed on the substrate mounting seat (11), with the formed surface of the substrate facing upward; Step (3), adjusting the height of the left water-cooling plate (6) and the right water-cooling plate (7) and clamping the substrate and the substrate mounting seat (11) through the automatic lifting system: the control system (2) drives the stepper motor (14) to rotate, thereby driving the left water-cooling plate (6) and the right water-cooling plate (7) to rise and fall, so that the distance between the molding surface of the substrate and the top of the left water-cooling plate (6) and the right water-cooling plate (7) is the height of the single-layer additive manufacturing, and then the control system (2) drives the pneumatic valve to open, and the clamping cylinder (12) applies pressure to clamp the left water-cooling plate (6) and the right water-cooling plate (7) to clamp the substrate and the substrate mounting seat (11); Step (4), starting the water cooling system: the control system (2) starts the water cooling machine (1) to work, and the cold water from the water outlet of the water cooling machine (1) enters the water inlet of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7), and returns to the return water outlet of the water cooling machine (1) through the water outlet of the left water cooling plate (6) and the right water cooling plate (7) and takes away the heat; Step (5), start additive manufacturing: start the welding gun (3) of the electric welder to complete the first layer of additive manufacturing, during the manufacturing process, the infrared thermal imager (5) detects temperature changes, and the water cooling system continuously cools the molten pool and the additive straight wall component (10); Step (6), after completing one layer of additive forming, the welding gun (3) of the electric welding machine stops working, and waits for the temperature of the additive straight wall component (10) to drop to a preset temperature, and then the control system (2) drives the clamping cylinder (12) to release, and drives the stepping motor (14) to make the lifting system work, and after the left water-cooling plate (6) and the right water-cooling plate (7) rise to a height of one layer, the clamping cylinder (12) is driven to clamp and start the next layer of additive forming; Step (7), repeating steps (4) to (6) until the desired height is reached and the forming is completed, releasing the clamping cylinder (12) and removing the additive straight wall component (10).

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