A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light-weight materials

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of extruder device, in particular to a gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material, which comprises an extrusion barrel, a mixing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism and a heating mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises multiple adjusting components, each of which comprises a return pipe and a return auger; the molten material enters the lower end of the return pipe; the return auger transports the molten material at the lower end of the return pipe to the upper end of the return auger; the molten material falls onto the material just entering the extrusion barrel after entering the first sleeve, and the molten material bonds the solid particulate material, avoiding the difficulty in transporting the light material downward. The present application provides a gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material, which solves the problems that the length of the screw of the existing extruder cannot be too long, the screw is prone to deformation and damage, the yield is affected, the connectivity between the materials is poor, and the transportation efficiency of the screw is affected.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of extruder devices, in particular to a gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials. BACKGROUND

[0002] An extruder is a device used to manufacture plastic products by melting plastic through heating and pressure and shaping it through a die. It mainly includes single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, and multi-screw extruders. The working principle is that the material enters from the hopper and is pushed forward by the rotation of the screw and gradually melts. Under the compression and shearing action of the screw, the plastic reaches the required plasticizing state. The molten plastic forms a specific shape through the die and solidifies into a shape under the action of the cooling system. Components include screws, barrels, feeding devices, etc., responsible for material conveying, compression, and plasticization. Application fields include pipes, films, plates, profiles, etc. By mixing different plastic raw materials or additives to improve the performance of plastics, and reprocessing waste plastics into new products to realize the recycling of resources.

[0003] The cost of handling garbage is high, and the traditional method of high-temperature incineration has problems such as harmful substance emission and energy consumption cost. The treatment of plastic garbage is an urgent need in the current industrial field, and turning waste into treasure is a representative of advanced productive forces and an important part of circular economy. The traditional treatment process uses a reaction kettle and a screw extruder to treat plastic garbage. The reaction kettle can only use "one-pot method", although the conversion rate per unit time is high, but the feeding is not convenient, the yield is low, the heat transfer is slow, the reaction time and degradation progress are uncontrollable, and the product color is deep due to high-temperature oxidation and other factors, which cannot be directly sold as standard products. The screw extruder is a continuous output, and various parameters such as feeding and reaction rate are easy to adjust, and the shear force of the screw extruder can fragment the physical structure, the product is clear and standardized, and the reaction efficiency is greatly improved.

[0004] A double-screw extruder for plastic processing is provided in Chinese patent CN118322518A, which can be disassembled from the lifting groove frame by sliding through the lifting mechanism, replacing the manual carrying method, and facilitating the disassembly of multiple combined heating compressors. However, the horizontal double-screw extruder has a limited screw length due to its structural principle, which is prone to deformation and damage, affecting the yield, making it difficult to add materials, and the connectivity between materials is poor, affecting the transportation efficiency of the screw. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides a gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials, which solves the problems of the existing extruder, such as the short length of the screw, easy deformation and damage, low yield, poor connectivity between materials, and low transportation efficiency of the screw.

[0006] The gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials comprises a support, an extrusion barrel, a mixing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism, and a heating mechanism. The extrusion barrel is vertically arranged on the support, and a first through hole is formed in the extrusion barrel. The mixing mechanism comprises a transportation assembly and a mixing assembly. The transportation assembly is used for transporting the materials from the upper end of the extrusion barrel to the lower end of the extrusion barrel. The mixing assembly is used for mixing the materials in the extrusion barrel. The heating mechanism is used for heating the materials in the extrusion barrel.

[0007] The adjusting mechanism comprises a first sleeve, a second sleeve, and a plurality of adjusting assemblies. The first sleeve and the second sleeve are rotatably arranged on the outer side of the extrusion barrel. The second sleeve is located below the first sleeve, and the second sleeve is in communication with the first through hole.

[0008] The plurality of adjusting assemblies are distributed along the circumference of the extrusion barrel. Each adjusting assembly comprises a return pipe and a return auger. The return pipe is vertically arranged, and the upper and lower ends of the return pipe are fixedly connected with the first sleeve and the second sleeve, respectively. The return auger is rotatably arranged in the return pipe. The return auger is used for transporting the materials at the lower end of the return pipe to the upper end of the return pipe.

[0009] Further, the mixing mechanism further comprises a transmission shaft, which is rotatably arranged in the extrusion barrel and coaxially arranged with the extrusion barrel. The transportation assembly comprises a first spiral blade and a second spiral blade. The first spiral blade and the second spiral blade are fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft. The mixing assembly comprises a mixing blade, which is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft and arranged between the first spiral blade and the second spiral blade.

[0010] Further, the mixing mechanism further comprises a first motor, which is fixedly arranged on the support. The output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft.

[0011] Further, the transmission shaft is provided with a rotating ring, and the rotating ring is capable of rotating relative to the transmission shaft. Each adjusting assembly further comprises a distributing pipe and a homogenizing pipe. The distributing pipe is arranged along the radial direction of the extrusion cylinder, and the distributing pipe and the first sleeve are fixedly connected. Two ends of the distributing pipe are a first end and a second end, respectively. The first end of the distributing pipe is fixedly connected to and communicates with the upper end of the return pipe. The second end of the distributing pipe is fixedly connected to the rotating ring. A plurality of second through holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the distributing pipe. The homogenizing pipe is slidably sleeved on the distributing pipe, and the homogenizing pipe and the distributing pipe are coaxially arranged. A plurality of third through holes are formed in the homogenizing pipe, and each third through hole is used for communicating with a second through hole. The second through hole and the third through hole form a first channel.

[0012] Further, each adjusting assembly further comprises a compression spring connected to the distributing pipe and the homogenizing pipe.

[0013] Further, the return auger comprises a rotating shaft and a third helical blade. The rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the return pipe, and the third helical blade is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft. A first taper surface is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the return pipe, and the upper end of the first taper surface is smaller than the lower end of the first taper surface.

[0014] Each adjusting assembly further comprises an adjusting cone and a hydraulic cylinder. The adjusting cone is slidably arranged on the rotating shaft, and a second taper surface is formed in the adjusting cone. The upper end of the second taper surface is smaller than the lower end of the second taper surface. The first taper surface and the second taper surface form a second channel, and the up-down movement of the adjusting cone can change the flow area of the second channel. The hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the return pipe, and the hydraulic cylinder is arranged along the radial direction of the return pipe. The elongated end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first inclined surface, and the first inclined surface abuts against the adjusting cone.

[0015] Further, the adjusting mechanism further comprises a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is arranged in the extrusion cylinder and is used for sensing the pressure of the material. The controller is used for controlling the extension and retraction of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders.

[0016] Further, the gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials further comprises a protection cylinder. The protection cylinder is fixedly arranged on the support, and the protection cylinder and the extrusion cylinder are coaxially arranged, and the protection cylinder is located on the outside of the extrusion cylinder. An inlet is formed in the upper end of the protection cylinder, and the inlet communicates with the extrusion cylinder. A discharge pipe is arranged at the lower end of the protection cylinder, and the discharge pipe communicates with the lower end of the extrusion cylinder.

[0017] Further, a first gear ring is fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the extrusion cylinder, and the first gear ring and the extrusion cylinder are coaxially arranged. A first gear is fixedly arranged on each rotating shaft, and the first gear and the first gear ring are engaged. The adjusting mechanism further comprises a driving assembly, and the driving assembly comprises a second motor and a second gear ring. The second gear ring is arranged on the outside of the extrusion cylinder. The second gear ring is fixedly connected to the plurality of return pipes. The second motor is fixedly arranged on the protection cylinder, a second gear is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor, and the second gear and the second gear ring are engaged.

[0018] Further, the heating mechanism comprises a heater arranged in the extrusion cylinder.

[0019] The gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material has the following advantages: the material gradually melts during the movement from the upper end to the lower end of the extrusion cylinder, and some light material is not easily transported by the transport assembly. The molten material enters the second sleeve through the first through hole and enters the lower end of the return pipe through the second sleeve. The return auger transports the molten material at the lower end of the return pipe to the upper end of the return auger, and the molten material falls onto the material just entering the extrusion cylinder after entering the first sleeve, so that the solid particle material is bonded, and the light material is not easily transported downward. The plurality of return pipes rotate around the axis of the extrusion cylinder, thereby increasing the uniformity of the molten material distribution and the bonding effect of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 A structure diagram of the gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 A partial structure diagram of the gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 A top view of the gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light material is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of A-A in FIG. Figure 3

[0025] A cross-sectional view of B in FIG. Figure 5 Figure 4 An enlarged view of C in FIG.

[0026] Figure 6 An enlarged view of D in FIG. Figure 4

[0027] An enlarged view of D in FIG. Figure 7 Figure 4 An enlarged view of D in FIG.

[0028] ​​Figure 8 A sectional view of a gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] In the figure: 101, support; 102, protection cylinder; 104, feeding port; 105, discharging pipe; 106, extrusion cylinder; 1061, first through hole; 107, transmission shaft; 1071, first spiral blade; 1072, mixing blade; 1073, second spiral blade; 108, second sleeve; 109, return pipe; 1091, first conical surface; 110, return auger; 111, first gear; 112, first gear ring; 113, pressure sensor; 114, hydraulic cylinder; 115, adjusting conical surface; 116, distribution pipe; 1161, second through hole; 117, uniform material pipe; 1171, third through hole; 118, compression spring; 119, second motor; 1191, second gear; 120, second gear ring; 130, first sleeve; 131, rotating ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, the gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to an embodiment of the present application comprises a support 101, an extrusion cylinder 106, a mixing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism and a heating mechanism. The extrusion cylinder 106 is vertically arranged on the support 101, and the extrusion cylinder 106 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 1061. The plurality of first through holes 1061 are sequentially distributed along the circumference of the extrusion cylinder 106.

[0032] The mixing mechanism is arranged in the extrusion cylinder 106, and comprises a conveying assembly and a mixing assembly. The conveying assembly is used to convey the material from the upper end of the extrusion cylinder 106 to the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 106. The mixing assembly is used to mix the material in the extrusion cylinder 106. The heating mechanism is used to heat the material in the extrusion cylinder 106.

[0033] The adjusting mechanism comprises a first sleeve 130, a second sleeve 108 and a plurality of adjusting assemblies. The first sleeve 130 and the second sleeve 108 are both rotationally arranged on the outside of the extrusion cylinder 106. The first sleeve 130, the second sleeve 108 and the extrusion cylinder 106 are coaxially arranged. The second sleeve 108 is located on the lower side of the first sleeve 130, and the second sleeve 108 and the first through hole 1061 are in communication.

[0034] The plurality of adjusting assemblies are distributed along the circumference of the extrusion cylinder 106, each adjusting assembly comprising a return pipe 109 and a return screw 110. The return pipe 109 is vertically arranged, the upper and lower ends of the return pipe 109 are fixedly connected with the first sleeve 130 and the second sleeve 108 respectively, and the return pipe 109 communicates with the first sleeve 130 and the second sleeve 108. The return screw 110 is vertically arranged, and the return screw 110 is rotatably arranged in the return pipe 109, and the return screw 110 is used for transporting the material at the lower end of the return pipe 109 to the upper end of the return pipe 109.

[0035] The material is put into the upper end of the extrusion cylinder 106, and under the action of the conveying assembly, the material is conveyed from the upper end of the extrusion cylinder 106 to the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 106, and under the action of the mixing assembly, the material in the extrusion cylinder 106 is mixed. Under the action of the heating mechanism, the material gradually melts in the process of moving from the upper end of the extrusion cylinder 106 to the lower end.

[0036] The plurality of return pipes 109 rotate around the axis of the extrusion cylinder 106, and the return screw 110 in each return pipe 109 rotates around its own axis. Because the material contains some light materials that are not easy to be driven by the conveying assembly. The molten material enters the second sleeve 108 through the first through hole 1061, and enters the lower end of the return pipe 109 through the second sleeve 108. The return screw 110 transports the molten material at the lower end of the return pipe 109 to the upper end of the return screw 110, and the molten material falls onto the material just entering the extrusion cylinder 106 after entering the first sleeve 130, and the molten material bonds the solid particle material, avoiding that the light material is not easy to be transported downward.

[0037] The gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials has a self-adaptive effect. When the material particles are large, the gap between the materials is large, so more gas enters the extrusion cylinder 106, and then more gas enters the return pipe 109, and less molten material, which increases the exhaust effect, and a small amount of molten material can bond the material with large particles, reducing the amount of molten material returned to complete the bonding of the material, saving the energy of heating the material again. When the material particles are small, less gas enters the extrusion cylinder 106, and then less gas enters the return pipe 109, and more molten material, which makes the bonding effect of the material better.

[0038] In the embodiment, the mixing mechanism further comprises a transmission shaft 107, the transmission shaft 107 is rotationally arranged in the extrusion cylinder 106, and the transmission shaft 107 and the extrusion cylinder 106 are coaxially arranged. The conveying assembly comprises a first spiral blade 1071 and a second spiral blade 1073, the first spiral blade 1071 and the second spiral blade 1073 are fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft 107, the first spiral blade 1071 and the second spiral blade 1073 are vertically arranged, and the first spiral blade 1071 is located on the upper side of the second spiral blade 1073. The mixing assembly comprises a mixing blade 1072, the mixing blade 1072 is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft 107, and the mixing blade 1072 is arranged between the first spiral blade 1071 and the second spiral blade 1073. The first spiral blade 1071 and the second spiral blade 1073 convey the material from the upper end of the extrusion cylinder 106 to the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 106, and gradually convey the material downward, so that the material can be gradually melted, and the melting effect is better.

[0039] In the embodiment, the mixing mechanism further comprises a first motor, the first motor is fixedly arranged on the support 101, and an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 107.

[0040] In the embodiment, the transmission shaft 107 is provided with a rotating ring 131, the rotating ring 131 can rotate relative to the transmission shaft 107, and the rotating ring 131 and the transmission shaft 107 are coaxially arranged. Each adjusting assembly further comprises a material distribution pipe 116 and a material uniform pipe 117. The material distribution pipe 116 is arranged along the radial direction of the extrusion cylinder 106, the material distribution pipe 116 is located in the first sleeve 130, and the material distribution pipe 116 and the first sleeve 130 are fixedly connected. Two ends of the material distribution pipe 116 are a first end and a second end, respectively, the first end of the material distribution pipe 116 is fixedly connected and communicated with the upper end of the return pipe 109, and the second end of the material distribution pipe 116 is fixedly connected with the rotating ring 131. A plurality of second through holes 1161 are formed in the circumferential wall of the material distribution pipe 116, the plurality of second through holes 1161 are distributed along the axial direction of the material distribution pipe 116, and the second through holes 1161 are located on the lower side of the material distribution pipe 116.

[0041] The material uniform pipe 117 is slidably sleeved on the material distribution pipe 116, and the material uniform pipe 117 and the material distribution pipe 116 are coaxially arranged. A plurality of third through holes 1171 are formed in the material uniform pipe 117, the plurality of third through holes 1171 are distributed along the axial direction of the material uniform pipe 117, each third through hole 1171 is used for being communicated with a second through hole 1161, and the second through hole 1161 and the third through hole 1171 form a first channel, and the movement of the material uniform pipe 117 relative to the material distribution pipe 116 changes the flow area of the first channel.

[0042] The molten material comes to the upper end of the return pipe 109, enters the distribution pipe 116, and falls onto the material just entering the extrusion cylinder 106 through the first through hole 1061 and the second through hole 1161, and the molten material bonds the solid granular material, avoiding that the solid granular material is not easily conveyed by the first spiral blade 1071.

[0043] Under the action of the centrifugal force, the material at the first end of the distribution pipe 116 is greater than the material at the second end of the distribution pipe 116. In the initial state, the flow area of the plurality of first channels gradually decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end of the distribution pipe 116. Under the action of the centrifugal force, the material pipe 117 moves towards the return pipe 109, thereby making the flow area of the first channel close to the first end of the distribution pipe 116 smaller than that in the initial state, and the flow area of the first channel close to the second end of the distribution pipe 116 larger than that in the initial state. The greater the centrifugal force, the greater the change in the flow area of the plurality of first channels. The influence of the centrifugal force is offset, and the uniformity of the material is increased.

[0044] In the embodiment, each adjusting assembly further comprises a compression spring 118 sleeved on the distribution pipe 116, and the compression spring 118 connects the distribution pipe 116 and the material pipe 117. When the return pipe 109 stops rotating, the material pipe 117 is reset under the action of the compression spring 118.

[0045] In the embodiment, the return auger 110 comprises a rotating shaft and a third spiral blade, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the return pipe 109, and the third spiral blade is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft. A first taper surface 1091 is formed on the inner circumferential wall of the return pipe 109, and the upper end of the first taper surface 1091 is smaller than the lower end of the first taper surface 1091.

[0046] Each adjusting assembly further comprises an adjusting conical frustum 115 and a hydraulic cylinder 114. The adjusting conical frustum 115 is arranged on the rotating shaft in a sliding manner, and the adjusting conical frustum 115 is arranged at the first taper surface 1091. The adjusting conical frustum 115 is provided with a second taper surface, and the upper end of the second taper surface is smaller than the lower end of the second taper surface. The first taper surface 1091 and the second taper surface form a second channel, and the up-down movement of the adjusting conical frustum 115 can change the flow area of the second channel.

[0047] The hydraulic cylinder 114 is fixedly arranged on the return pipe 109, and the hydraulic cylinder 114 is arranged along the radial direction of the return pipe 109. The elongated end of the hydraulic cylinder 114 is provided with a first inclined surface, which gradually moves away from the rotating shaft along the direction from top to bottom, and the first inclined surface abuts against the adjusting conical frustum 115.

[0048] In the embodiment, the adjusting mechanism further comprises a pressure sensor 113 and a controller. The pressure sensor 113 is arranged in the extrusion cylinder 106 and is used to sense the pressure of the material. The controller is used to control the extension and retraction of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 114.

[0049] The pressure sensor 113 senses the pressure of the material, and indirectly measures the effect of the material being conveyed by the first helical blade 1071. When the pressure of the material is less than the preset pressure value, it indicates that the gap between the materials is large, the feeding effect of the first helical blade 1071 is poor, and the amount of returned material needs to be increased, and the exhaust effect needs to be increased. Therefore, at this time, the controller controls the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 114 to shorten, adjusts the conical table 115 to move downward, so that the flow area of the second channel increases, and the material entering the distribution pipe 116 also increases.

[0050] When the pressure of the material is greater than the preset pressure value, the amount of returned material needs to be reduced, the controller controls the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 114 to lengthen, adjusts the conical table 115 to move upward, so that the flow area of the second channel decreases, so that the molten material is more difficult to enter the distribution pipe 116. At the same time, the flow area of the second channel decreases, so that the fluid flow resistance increases, which has a heating effect on the molten material, and ensures the bonding effect of the material.

[0051] In the embodiment, the gravity-assisted lightweight material vertical screw extruder further comprises a protection cylinder 102 fixedly arranged on the support 101, the protection cylinder 102 and the extrusion cylinder 106 are coaxially arranged, and the protection cylinder 102 is located on the outside of the extrusion cylinder 106. The return pipe 109 is arranged in the protection cylinder 102. The upper end of the protection cylinder 102 is provided with a feeding port 104, and the feeding port 104 is communicated with the extrusion cylinder 106. The lower end of the protection cylinder 102 is provided with a discharge pipe 105, and the discharge pipe 105 is communicated with the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 106.

[0052] In the embodiment, the outer peripheral wall of the extrusion cylinder 106 is fixedly provided with a first gear ring 112, and the first gear ring 112 is coaxially arranged with the extrusion cylinder 106. A first gear 111 is fixedly arranged on each rotating shaft, and the first gear 111 is engaged with the first gear ring 112. The adjusting mechanism further comprises a driving assembly, and the driving assembly comprises a second motor 119 and a second gear ring 120. The second gear ring 120 is coaxially arranged with the extrusion cylinder 106, and the second gear ring 120 is arranged on the outside of the extrusion cylinder 106. The second gear ring 120 is fixedly connected with the plurality of return pipes 109. The second motor 119 is fixedly arranged on the protection cylinder 102, and a second gear 1191 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor 119. The second gear 1191 is engaged with the second gear ring 120.

[0053] The second motor 119 is started, the second motor 119 drives the second gear 1191 to rotate, the second gear 1191 drives the second gear ring 120 to rotate, the second gear ring 120 drives the plurality of return pipes 109 to rotate synchronously, the return pipe 109 and the cloth pipe 116 revolve around the extrusion cylinder 106, because the first gear 111 and the first gear ring 112 are engaged, so the first gear 111 revolves with the return pipe 109 while rotating, the first gear 111 drives the return auger 110 to rotate synchronously, the return auger 110 transports the material at the lower end of the return pipe 109 upwards.

[0054] In the embodiment, the heating mechanism comprises a heater, and the heater is arranged in the extrusion cylinder 106.

[0055] The working process is as follows: the material is put into the extrusion cylinder 106 from the feeding port 104. The first motor is started, the first motor drives the transmission shaft 107 to rotate, the transmission shaft 107 drives the first spiral blade 1071, the second spiral blade 1073 and the mixing blade 1072 to rotate synchronously, under the action of the first spiral blade 1071, the material is extruded to expel air and moves downwards to the mixing blade 1072, the mixing blade 1072 stirs and mixes the material uniformly, then the uniformly mixed material is transported to the discharge pipe 105 by the second spiral blade 1073, and finally is discharged from the discharge pipe 105.

[0056] Meanwhile, the heater is started, the heater heats the material, and the material gradually melts in the process of moving from the upper end to the lower end of the extrusion cylinder 106. Because the material contains some light materials, it is not easy to be driven by the first spiral blade 1071. The molten material enters the second sleeve 108 through the first through hole 1061 and enters the lower end of the return pipe 109 through the second sleeve 108.

[0057] The second motor 119 is started, the second motor 119 drives the second gear 1191 to rotate, the second gear 1191 drives the second gear ring 120 to rotate, the second gear ring 120 drives the plurality of return pipes 109 to rotate synchronously, the return pipe 109 and the cloth pipe 116 revolve around the extrusion cylinder 106, because the first gear 111 and the first gear ring 112 are engaged, so the first gear 111 revolves with the return pipe 109 while rotating, the return auger 110 transports the material at the lower end of the return pipe 109 upwards, the molten material enters the cloth pipe 116 after reaching the upper end of the return pipe 109, and falls onto the material just entering the extrusion cylinder 106 through the first through hole 1061 and the second through hole 1161, the molten material bonds the solid particle material, avoiding that the solid particle material is not easy to be transported by the first spiral blade 1071.

[0058] The plurality of return pipes 109 revolve around the extrusion cylinder 106, and under the action of centrifugal force, the material in the return pipe 109 can be attached to the inner wall of the return pipe 109, so that the return auger 110 can also work with gas. The plurality of distribution pipes 116 revolve around the extrusion cylinder 106, increasing the uniformity of the distribution of the molten material and the bonding effect of the material.

[0059] The gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials has a self-adaptive effect. When the material particles are large, the gap between the material particles is large, so more gas enters the extrusion cylinder 106, and then more gas enters the return pipe 109, and less molten material enters the return pipe 109. The exhaust effect is increased, and a small amount of molten material can bond the large-particle material, reducing the amount of molten material returned to complete the bonding of the material and saving the energy of heating the material again. When the material particles are small, less gas enters the extrusion cylinder 106, and then less gas enters the return pipe 109, and more molten material enters the return pipe 109, so that the bonding effect of the material is better.

[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials, characterized in that: it comprises a support, an extrusion barrel, a mixing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism and a heating mechanism; the extrusion barrel is vertically arranged on the support, and a first through hole is formed in the extrusion barrel; the mixing mechanism is arranged in the extrusion barrel, and comprises a conveying assembly and a mixing assembly; the conveying assembly is used for conveying materials from the upper end of the extrusion barrel to the lower end of the extrusion barrel; the mixing assembly is used for mixing the materials in the extrusion barrel; the heating mechanism is used for heating the materials in the extrusion barrel; the adjusting mechanism comprises a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a plurality of adjusting assemblies; the first sleeve and the second sleeve are both rotationally arranged on the outside of the extrusion barrel, and the first sleeve, the second sleeve and the extrusion barrel are coaxially arranged; the second sleeve is located below the first sleeve, and the second sleeve is in communication with the first through hole; the plurality of adjusting assemblies are distributed along the circumference of the extrusion barrel; each adjusting assembly comprises a return pipe and a return auger; the return pipe is vertically arranged, and the upper and lower ends of the return pipe are fixedly connected with the first sleeve and the second sleeve respectively, and the return pipe is in communication with the first sleeve and the second sleeve; the return auger is vertically arranged, and the return auger is rotationally arranged in the return pipe; the return auger is used for conveying the materials at the lower end of the return pipe to the upper end of the return pipe; the mixing mechanism further comprises a transmission shaft, which is rotationally arranged in the extrusion barrel; a rotating ring is arranged on the transmission shaft, and the rotating ring can rotate relative to the transmission shaft; each adjusting assembly further comprises a distribution pipe and an equalization pipe; the distribution pipe is arranged along the radial direction of the extrusion barrel, and the distribution pipe is fixedly connected with the first sleeve; the two ends of the distribution pipe are a first end and a second end respectively; the first end of the distribution pipe is fixedly connected with and in communication with the upper end of the return pipe; the second end of the distribution pipe is fixedly connected with the rotating ring; a plurality of second through holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the distribution pipe; the equalization pipe is slidably sleeved on the distribution pipe, and the equalization pipe and the distribution pipe are coaxially arranged; a plurality of third through holes are formed in the equalization pipe; each third through hole is used for being in communication with a second through hole, and the second through hole and the third through hole form a first channel; under the action of centrifugal force, the equalization pipe moves towards the return pipe, so that the flow area of the first channel near the first end of the distribution pipe is smaller than that in the initial state, and the flow area of the first channel near the second end of the distribution pipe is larger than that in the initial state; a first gear ring is fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the extrusion barrel, and the first gear ring is coaxially arranged with the extrusion barrel; a first gear is fixedly arranged on each transmission shaft, and the first gear is engaged with the first gear ring; the adjusting mechanism further comprises a driving assembly, which comprises a second motor and a second gear ring; the second gear ring is arranged on the outside of the extrusion barrel; the second gear ring is fixedly connected with the plurality of return pipes; the second motor is fixedly arranged on the protection barrel, a second gear is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor, and the second gear is engaged with the second gear ring.

2. The gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ ​ ​ ​ The transmission shaft and the extrusion cylinder are coaxially arranged; the conveying assembly comprises first and second spiral blades, which are fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft, and the first spiral blade is located on the upper side of the second spiral blade; the mixing assembly comprises a mixing blade, which is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft and located between the first and second spiral blades.

3. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing mechanism further comprises a first motor fixedly arranged on the support, and an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft.

4. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each adjusting assembly further comprises a compression spring connected with the material pipe and the material equalizing pipe.

5. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return auger comprises a rotating shaft rotatably arranged in the return pipe and a third spiral blade fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft; a first taper is formed on the inner circumferential wall of the return pipe, and the upper end of the first taper is smaller than the lower end of the first taper; Each adjusting assembly further comprises an adjusting conical frustum and a hydraulic cylinder; the adjusting conical frustum is slidably arranged on the rotating shaft, a second taper is formed on the adjusting conical frustum, and the upper end of the second taper is smaller than the lower end of the second taper; a second channel is formed between the first taper and the second taper, and the up-and-down movement of the adjusting conical frustum can change the flow area of the second channel; The hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the return pipe and arranged along the radial direction of the return pipe; the elongated end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first inclined surface, and the first inclined surface abuts against the adjusting conical frustum.

6. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism further comprises a pressure sensor and a controller; the pressure sensor is arranged in the extrusion cylinder and used for sensing the pressure of the material; and the controller is used for controlling the extension and retraction of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders.

7. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further comprises a protection cylinder fixedly arranged on the support, the protection cylinder and the extrusion cylinder are coaxially arranged, and the protection cylinder is located on the outer side of the extrusion cylinder; a feeding port is formed on the upper end of the protection cylinder, the feeding port is communicated with the extrusion cylinder; and a discharging pipe is arranged on the lower end of the protection cylinder and communicated with the lower end of the extrusion cylinder.

8. A gravity-assisted vertical screw extruder for light materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating mechanism comprises a heater arranged in the extrusion cylinder.

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