A saponin compound functional fertilizer for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes

Abstract

The present invention provides a saponin compound functional fertilizer for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer application. The compound functional fertilizer mainly comprises tea saponin, alfalfa saponin and fertilizer compound additives, wherein the fertilizer compound additives comprise urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, boric acid, citric acid and vermiculite. The present invention combines two effective ingredients, tea saponin and alfalfa saponin, into fertilizers, which have different mechanisms of action in preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes and do not have cross-resistance. The combination of the two ingredients into fertilizers has obvious synergistic effects, and is significantly superior to tea saponin and alfalfa saponin single agents in terms of the prevention and control effect of root-knot nematodes and the promotion of plant growth, delays the generation and development of drug resistance of root-knot nematodes, reduces the amount of pesticide used, thereby reducing costs and reducing pollution to the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer application, and in particular relates to a compound functional fertilizer containing plant-derived extracts of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes. Background Art

[0002] The biological activities of saponin include: hemolysis, fish poisoning, snail control, insecticide, bactericidal, etc. Saponin has both lipophilic and hydrophilic groups, so it is a natural surfactant. Due to its unique physical structure, chemical and pharmacological activity, it has broad application prospects. Different types of saponins show different physiological activities due to their structural differences. Tea saponin is a pure natural saponin extracted from the seeds of the Camellia plant. It is a non-ionic surfactant. Tea saponin has the properties of emulsification, dispersion, wetting, and foaming. It has pharmacological effects such as anti-seepage, anti-inflammatory, and analgesia. It also has the functions of sterilization, insecticide, and stimulation of the growth of certain plants. It is the main raw material for the production of emulsifiers, detergents, foaming agents, pesticides and other products. Alfalfa saponin is a substance extracted from alfalfa. It has a significant effect of lowering blood lipids, promoting cholesterol excretion, lowering blood lipids, and preventing and alleviating arteriosclerosis. It is mostly used to produce medicines and tonics.

[0003] Nematodes are a class of lower invertebrates with a wide variety of species. At present, there are more than 90 species of root-knot nematodes reported in the world, and root-knot nematodes, Java root-knot nematodes, peanut root-knot nematodes and northern root-knot nematodes account for 95% of the total root-knot nematodes, among which root-knot nematodes and Java root-knot nematodes are more common. The root-knot nematodes are mainly present in the facility environment in northern my country. The root-knot nematode J2 larvae have the ability to infect plants. They sense the signal molecules of the host secretions in the soil and migrate toward the root tip of the host. Migrate to the root tip elongation zone for infection. After the nematodes drill into the host root, they use their mouth needles to inject the secretions in their esophageal gland cells into the host cells, inducing the formation of enlarged, multinucleated, metabolically active giant cells that continuously provide nutrients for the nematodes. In addition, the cell wall grows inward and forms typical transfer cells, which can increase the absorption of nutrients in the vascular bundle. Therefore, the host's root system is damaged, resulting in a continuous loss of water and nutrients, which in turn impairs the host's growth. At the same time, the physical damage caused by the root-knot nematodes piercing the host's cell wall with their mouth needles provides an invasion channel for other pathogens, aggravating the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as crop wilt, root rot, and damping-off.

[0004] At present, the main means of controlling nematode diseases are: turning over the soil and drying it in the sun, "stifling the shed" and avermectin, or mixing pesticides with chemical fertilizers to make "drug fertilizers". Agricultural control measures have very limited control effects on it, and can only play a control role on certain harmful organisms. The use of chemical agents alone can only temporarily solve local insect pest problems, but cannot fundamentally solve the harm of pests, and the efficacy time is short. When chemical pesticides are added to fertilizers, there will be a greater risk of biodegradation. With the continuous improvement of people's material life, people's requirements for food quality have gradually changed from "pollution-free" to "green" and "organic". In crop production, it is prohibited to use high-residue pesticides, and the use of low-toxic and low-residue pesticides and fertilizers should be minimized. It is advocated to use biological methods for pest control and increase the use of organic fertilizers.

[0005] Therefore, using biological pesticides instead of chemical pesticides is a practical approach that can not only completely solve the pest problem, but also improve the soil, simplify the agricultural production process, and thus increase the interests of farmers. This is also the direction for my country to develop efficient agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes, wherein the saponin compound functional fertilizer comprises tea saponin, alfalfa saponin and a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the fertilizer compound additive comprises urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, boric acid, citric acid and vermiculite.

[0008] Furthermore, in terms of weight ratio, the saponin compound functional fertilizer includes 5-7 parts of tea saponin, 5-7 parts of alfalfa saponin, 25-28 parts of urea, 10-13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of boric acid, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 50-55 parts of vermiculite, and 1000-1200 parts of ultrapure water.

[0009] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes, comprising the following process steps:

[0010] (1) By weight, 25-28 parts of urea, 10-13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of boric acid, 1-3 parts of citric acid, and 50-55 parts of vermiculite are mixed together to prepare a fertilizer compound additive;

[0011] (2) Mix 5-7 parts of tea saponin, 5-7 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1000-1200 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder, and then mixed to prepare a fertilizer compound additive.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0014] (1) The present invention combines two effective ingredients, tea saponin and alfalfa saponin, into fertilizers. The two ingredients have different mechanisms of action in preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes and do not have cross-resistance. The combination of the two ingredients into fertilizers has obvious synergistic effects, and is significantly superior to single agents of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin in terms of the prevention and control effect of root-knot nematodes and the promotion of plant growth, delays the generation and development of drug resistance in root-knot nematodes, reduces the amount of pesticide used, thereby reducing costs and reducing pollution to the environment.

[0015] (2) The fertilizer produced by the present invention contains abundant trace elements and nematicidal ingredients necessary for crops, which can provide sufficient and balanced nutrients for plants during their growth period, inhibit the number of soil nematodes, improve the absorption of nutrients by plants, and regulate the growth of plants. It can enhance the disease resistance of crops, increase the yield of crops, and thus improve the quality of agricultural products and increase economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the disease occurrence of each treatment in the potted plant experiment.

[0017] Figure 2 This is the disease occurrence of each treatment in the potted plant experiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0019] Example 1 Preparation of a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes

[0020] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of citric acid, and 50 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 raw materials to prepare a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0021] (2) Mix 5 parts of tea saponin, 5 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1000 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0022] Example 2 Preparation of a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes

[0023] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 26 parts of urea, 12 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 1.5 parts of citric acid, and 52 parts of vermiculite. The above 7 kinds of raw materials are mixed to prepare a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0024] (2) Mix 6 parts of tea saponin, 6 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1100 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0025] Example 3 Preparation of a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes

[0026] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 27 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of citric acid, and 53 parts of vermiculite. The above 7 kinds of raw materials are mixed to prepare a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0027] (2) Mix 7 parts of tea saponin, 7 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1150 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0028] Example 4 Preparation of a saponin compound functional fertilizer for controlling root-knot nematodes

[0029] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 28 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of citric acid, and 55 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 raw materials to prepare a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0030] (2) Mix 6 parts of tea saponin, 7 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1200 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0031] Example 5 Indoor bioactivity test of different concentrations of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin on J2 root-knot nematodes

[0032] (1) Dissolve different grams of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin in ultrapure water and sterilize to prepare solutions of different concentrations (Table 1).

[0033] (2) Pick up the root-knot nematode egg masses and place them on a hatching sieve. After incubation at 25°C, collect the J2-stage root-knot nematodes.

[0034] (3) After the collected root-knot nematode suspension is disinfected and cleaned, the insect quantity is tested under a stereomicroscope and the insect quantity is adjusted to the required concentration.

[0035] (4) The biological activity was determined in a clean bench. Tea saponin solution, alfalfa saponin solution and root-knot nematode suspension were added to the cell culture plate, which was sealed and placed in a 25°C incubator. The nematode mortality was detected under a stereomicroscope after 24 and 48 hours.

[0036] Table 1 Bioactivity of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin at different concentrations (mg / mL) against J2 root-knot nematodes

[0037]

[0038] Note: The data in the table are the average values ​​of two replicates. SPSS 25.0 Duncan method was used to compare the data. Different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same letters after the same column of data indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0039] According to Table 1, tea saponin and alfalfa saponin both have lethal effects on the second-instar larvae of root-knot nematodes, and the lethal effect increases with the increase in the concentration of the two compounds. According to the data in the table, tea saponin has the best lethal effect on root-knot nematodes at 24 h and 48 h. When the concentration is 40 mg / mL, the lethality rate at 24 h has reached 91.21%, and when the concentration is 70 mg / mL, the lethality rate reaches 99.72%. Alfalfa saponin also has a good lethal effect. When the concentration is 40 mg / mL, the lethality rates of root-knot nematodes at 24 h and 48 h reach 70.90% and 85.56%, respectively. When the concentration is 70 mg / mL, the lethality rates of root-knot nematodes at 24 h and 48 h reach 88.39% and 98.27%.

[0040] Example 6 Treatment experiment of saponin compound functional fertilizer

[0041] (1) Preparation of compound fertilizer additives: Weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of citric acid, and 50 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 raw materials, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder, and then mixed to prepare a compound fertilizer additive. Add ultrapure water to the compound fertilizer additive and set aside.

[0042] (2) Preparation of fertilizer with added tea saponin:

[0043] a. Preparation of fertilizer compound additives: weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of citric acid, and 50 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 kinds of raw materials, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0044] b. Mix 10 parts of tea saponin and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step a, add 1000 parts of ultrapure water, stir evenly at room temperature to prepare tea saponin functional fertilizer.

[0045] (3) Preparation of fertilizer with added alfalfa saponin:

[0046] a. Preparation of fertilizer compound additives: weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of citric acid, and 50 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 kinds of raw materials, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0047] b. Mix 10 parts of alfalfa saponin and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step a, add 1000 parts of ultrapure water, stir evenly at room temperature, and prepare tea saponin functional fertilizer.

[0048] (4) Preparation of saponin compound functional fertilizer:

[0049] a. Preparation of fertilizer compound additives: weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of citric acid, and 50 parts of vermiculite. Mix the above 7 kinds of raw materials, wherein the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder and then mixed.

[0050] b. Mix 5 parts of tea saponin, 5 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step a, add 1000 parts of ultrapure water, stir evenly at room temperature, and prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

[0051] (5) The following six treatments were set up: a. J2 group (only 2nd instar larvae of root-knot nematodes were inoculated), b. application of fertilizer compound additives, c. application of fertilizer with tea saponin, d. application of fertilizer with tea saponin, e. application of compound functional fertilizer, and f. blank control without fertilizer. The fertilizers prepared in (1), (2), (3), and (4) (100 ml / pot) were applied to Brazilian bananas at the 3-5 leaf stage, with 2 replicates in total. The experimental results are shown in Table 1. Figure 1-2 The results after 40 days are shown in Table 2:

[0052]

[0053] Note: The data in the table are the average values ​​of two replicates. SPSS 25.0 Duncan method was used to compare the data. Different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same letters after the same column of data indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0054] according to Figure 1-2 From Table 2, we can conclude that:

[0055] (1) Compared with group J2, the fertilizers with tea saponin and alfalfa saponin added had better control effects on root-knot nematodes. The control effects of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin on root-knot nematodes reached 45.2%, and those with alfalfa saponin added reached 42.9%. The control effects of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin on root-knot nematodes reached 72.4%. It can be seen that under the same concentration of active ingredients, the combination of the two has a significant synergistic effect when compounded into fertilizers, and the control effect on root-knot nematodes is significantly better than that of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin alone.

[0056] (2) Single application of compound fertilizer additives can promote the growth of banana seedlings, with the aboveground weight and plant height being more obvious. The growth-promoting effect of compound functional fertilizers on bananas is significantly better than that of compound fertilizer additives. It can be seen that under the same concentration of active ingredients, compound functional fertilizers also have obvious synergistic effects in promoting growth, which is significantly better than single agents of tea saponin and alfalfa saponin.

[0057] The present invention uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of a saponin compound functional fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematodes, characterized in that: The saponin compound functional fertilizer includes tea saponin, alfalfa saponin and a fertilizer compound additive, wherein the fertilizer compound additive includes urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, boric acid, citric acid and vermiculite; In terms of weight ratio, the saponin compound functional fertilizer includes 5-7 parts of tea saponin, 5-7 parts of alfalfa saponin, 25-28 parts of urea, 10-13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of boric acid, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 50-55 parts of vermiculite, and 1000-1200 parts of ultrapure water; The preparation method of the saponin compound functional fertilizer comprises the following process steps: (1) Weigh 25-28 parts of urea, 10-13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 2.5-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of boric acid, 1-3 parts of citric acid, and 50-55 parts of vermiculite by weight, respectively, and mix them together to prepare a fertilizer compound additive; (2) Mix 5-7 parts of tea saponin, 5-7 parts of alfalfa saponin, and the fertilizer compound additive prepared in step (1), add 1000-1200 parts of ultrapure water, and stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a saponin compound functional fertilizer.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the vermiculite is crushed, ground, passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve, ground into vermiculite powder, and then mixed to prepare a fertilizer compound additive.

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