Caved roof monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a caved roof monitoring method, relates to the technical field of mining, and mainly aims to monitor the three-dimensional space position of a caved roof. According to the main technical scheme, the caved roof monitoring method comprises the steps that a plurality of monitoring holes are formed in an overlying rock layer, and a unified three-dimensional coordinate system is established; laying information chains in the plurality of monitoring holes; acquiring beacon data sent by the plurality of beacons; and determining the three-dimensional space position of the caved roof in the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the plurality of beacon data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a method for monitoring collapsed roof. Background Art

[0002] In mining operations, as the bottom is pulled forward and the ore is continuously discharged, the overlying ore rock will continue to fall. However, in actual work, as the integrity of the ore rock gradually improves, the rate of ore rock falling will slow down, and the ore falling may stop and form a stable arch. In this case, as the ore discharge operation is continuously carried out at the ore discharge level, the height of the empty area between the collapsed roof and the ore pile will continue to increase. Once the roof suddenly falls over a large area, it is easy to cause shock pressure hazards, and then cause shock pressure damage to personnel and equipment in horizontal tunnels such as ore discharge and bottom pulling, which will directly affect the safety of mine production and the continuity of production operations. Therefore, a method for monitoring the collapsed roof is urgently needed to control the development of the collapsed roof in real time. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring a collapsed roof, the main purpose of which is to monitor the three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed roof.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring a collapsed roof, comprising: Open several monitoring holes in the overlying rock strata and establish a unified three-dimensional coordinate system; Laying signal chains in a plurality of the monitoring holes; Obtaining beacon data sent by a plurality of the signal chains; The three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed roof in the three-dimensional coordinate system is determined based on the plurality of beacon data.

[0005] Optionally, the signal chain includes a plurality of beacons arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the monitoring hole, the plurality of beacons are pre-stored with different tag information, and during the operation of the plurality of beacons, the plurality of tag information is transmitted upward one by one.

[0006] Optionally, the beacon includes a cylinder and a receiving part, a transmitting part and a control part arranged in the cylinder, the control part is connected to the receiving part and the transmitting part respectively, the receiving part is used to receive the label information sent by at least two beacons below, the control part is used to add at least two label information received by the receiving part to the own label, and the transmitting part is used to send the own label upward.

[0007] Optionally, the beacon further includes an energy storage unit, which is disposed in the cylinder and connected to the control unit.

[0008] Optionally, the beacon further includes a supporting wing, and a plurality of the supporting wings are provided. The plurality of the supporting wings are spaced apart and distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder along the circumferential direction of the cylinder, and a diameter of an outer contour formed by the plurality of the supporting wings is larger than an outer diameter of the cylinder.

[0009] Optionally, the support wing is an elastic structure. When the beacon is installed in the monitoring hole, the support wing is deformed toward the center of the beacon under the action of an external force applied to the beacon; when the external force applied to the beacon is removed, the support wing expands away from the center of the beacon.

[0010] Optionally, the working state of the communication link includes a power-on state and a standby state. During the operation of the communication link, the power-on state and the standby state are switched alternately.

[0011] Optionally, the working time of the signal link in the power-on state is 5 minutes, and the working time of the signal link in the standby state is 60 minutes.

[0012] Optionally, the interval distance between two adjacent monitoring holes is 40m~60m.

[0013] Optionally, the interval distance between two adjacent beacons is 3m~6m.

[0014] By means of the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The collapsed roof monitoring method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, by laying signal chains in several monitoring holes and establishing a unified three-dimensional coordinate system, can continuously monitor the position changes of the collapsed roof in three-dimensional space as the mining work continues to advance, thereby providing data support for optimizing the mining plan and ensuring balanced mining and production safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for monitoring a collapsed roof according to an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the system used in the roof collapse monitoring method shown; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the application scenario of the system in the mine; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the beacon in the system shown.

[0016] The reference numerals are: 1. Overlying rock strata; 2. Monitoring holes; 3. Signal chain; 31. Beacon; 311. Cylinder; 312. Receiving unit; 313. Transmitting unit; 314. Control unit; 315. Energy storage unit; 316. Support wing; 4. Signal receiving device; 5. Switch; 6. Communication network; 7. Terminal server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0018] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0019] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring collapsed roof. By laying signal chains 3 in a number of monitoring holes 2 and establishing a unified three-dimensional coordinate system, the position changes of collapsed roof in three-dimensional space can be continuously monitored as the mining work continues to advance, thereby providing data support for optimizing the mining plan and ensuring balanced mining and production safety.

[0022] Roof collapse monitoring methods include: Step S1: several monitoring holes 2 are opened in the overlying rock layer 1, and a unified three-dimensional coordinate system is established.

[0023] The collapsed roof is located in the overlying rock layer 1. Specifically, the collapsed roof is that part of the overlying rock layer 1 which is adjacent to the top of the underground mining space and is fractured and collapsed during the underground mining process.

[0024] Among them, when the monitoring hole 2 is opened in the overburden stratum 1, there are two ways. First, supplementary exploration drilling can be used with the help of the mine. During the production of the mine, supplementary exploration operations will be carried out from time to time. The original purpose of these supplementary exploration drillings is to gain in-depth insights into the geological conditions of the mine. Because it already exists in the mine, and may meet the needs of collapse roof monitoring in terms of location and depth, it can be directly used as a monitoring hole 2. Thus, the secondary use of the drilling project is realized, which can reduce the cost and time required for re-drilling and improve work efficiency. Second, new boreholes can be excavated. If the existing supplementary exploration boreholes in the mine cannot meet the requirements of collapse roof monitoring, such as inappropriate location, aperture not suitable for the layout requirements of the signal chain 3, etc., then a new borehole must be specially excavated as a monitoring hole 2. The newly excavated borehole can be designed and constructed according to specific monitoring needs, as long as it is ensured that the relevant information of the collapse roof can be accurately obtained. It should be noted that for newly excavated boreholes, core drilling technology should be used. Specifically, the core is extracted and cataloged during the drilling process to facilitate subsequent investigation of the rock mass structure and acquisition of rock physical and mechanical property parameters. In addition, before installing the beacon 31 in the monitoring hole 2, the borehole camera technology can be used to obtain the hole wall image in the depth direction of the monitoring hole 2, so that the user can understand the mineral rock occurrence conditions in the area to be collapsed.

[0025] Specifically, in some examples, the monitoring hole 2 is a vertical hole formed by drilling into the overlying rock layer 1 perpendicular to the ground, and can directly obtain information in the vertical direction. In other examples, the monitoring hole 2 is an inclined hole formed by drilling into the overlying rock layer 1 at a certain angle to the ground, and can cover areas that the vertical hole cannot reach. It can be understood that both vertical holes and inclined holes can meet the monitoring requirements for the collapsed roof, and the present invention does not limit this, and can be selected and designed according to actual mining geological conditions, monitoring objectives, construction conditions and other factors.

[0026] The aperture of the monitoring hole 2 may be 90 mm to 120 mm.

[0027] In order to more comprehensively and accurately monitor the collapse of the roof, obtain richer data information from different angles and positions, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring results, several monitoring holes 2 are opened and arranged at intervals.

[0028] In order to accurately identify and distinguish the monitoring holes 2 during the monitoring process, the monitoring holes 2 are numbered. At the same time, in order to analyze and represent the positions of the monitoring holes 2 and the spatial connection between the monitoring holes 2 and the collapsed roof, a unified three-dimensional coordinate system of the monitoring holes 2 is constructed.

[0029] Specifically, a relatively stable point with significant marks (such as the intersection of the main tunnels, the wellhead, etc.) can be selected in the overburden stratum 1 as the coordinate origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system. Then determine the directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Finally, use a measuring instrument (such as a total station, GPS, etc.) to accurately measure the position of each monitoring hole 2, and present the measurement results in the form of coordinate values. It is clear that the X-axis and Y-axis information of the monitoring hole 2 can be used to reflect the position of the monitoring hole 2, while the Z-axis information of the monitoring hole 2 can be used to indicate the depth of the monitoring hole 2, that is, the distance between the orifice of the monitoring hole 2 and the collapsed roof.

[0030] It should be noted that when the position of the collapsed roof changes in the three-dimensional coordinate system, the depth of the monitoring hole 2 also changes. For example, when the overlying rock layer 1 at the top of the underground mining space breaks and collapses, the position of the collapsed roof moves upward, and at this time, part of the lower area of ​​the monitoring hole 2 is destroyed, so that the depth of the monitoring hole 2 is reduced. Therefore, the position and depth information of each monitoring hole 2 can be regarded as point data in a three-dimensional space. By integrating these point data to form a point cloud set, and connecting and fitting between points, the general outline of the collapsed roof can be outlined, and a three-dimensional visualization display of the collapsed roof can be achieved.

[0031] Step S2: deploying signal chains 3 in a plurality of monitoring holes 2 .

[0032] The signal chain 3 is used to represent the depth of the monitoring hole 2. When the depth of the monitoring hole 2 decreases, the length of the signal chain 3 decreases.

[0033] Among them, in some examples, the signal chain 3 is made of a retractable material and has an integrated depth sensor. When the depth of the monitoring hole 2 decreases, the pressure of the hole wall on the signal chain 3 decreases, and the retractable structure automatically contracts under the action of the internal elastic element or mechanical device, so that the length of the signal chain 3 is shortened. The depth sensor monitors the change in the telescopic length of the signal chain 3 in real time, and transmits the data to the user to accurately reflect the depth change of the monitoring hole 2. In other examples, a signal transmitter is installed on the signal chain 3, and a signal receiver is set at the hole mouth or other fixed positions. The signal strength is related to the length of the signal chain 3 in the monitoring hole 2. When the depth of the monitoring hole 2 decreases and the length of the signal chain 3 is shortened, the propagation path of the signal from the transmitter to the receiver becomes shorter, and the signal strength changes. By monitoring the change in signal strength, the change in the length of the signal chain 3 can be indirectly determined, thereby characterizing the depth change of the monitoring hole 2.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the signal chain 3 includes a plurality of beacons 31 arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the monitoring hole 2, and the plurality of beacons 31 are pre-stored with different label information. During the operation of the plurality of beacons 31, the plurality of label information is transmitted upward one by one. When a part of the lower area of ​​the monitoring hole 2 is damaged, the beacons 31 located in the damaged area will fall down due to loss of support. Since these beacons 31 cannot continue to work, their pre-stored label information cannot be transmitted upward. At this time, the amount of label information that the user can receive is reduced. According to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored label information and the depth of the monitoring hole 2, it can be judged that the depth of the monitoring hole 2 has changed, that is, due to the fall of some beacons 31, the monitored depth value is reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring the depth change through the received label information.

[0035] It should be noted that the different label information pre-stored in several beacons 31 specifically includes the number of the monitoring hole 2 and the distance between the beacon 31 and the hole mouth, so that different monitoring holes 2 can be accurately identified during the monitoring process, and the position change of the signal chain 3 in the monitoring hole 2 can be accurately determined through the distance data between the beacon 31 and the hole mouth, thereby reflecting the depth change of the monitoring hole 2.

[0036] Step S3: Obtain beacon data sent by several signal chains 3.

[0037] Among them, a signal receiving device 4 can be set to obtain the beacon data sent by the signal chain 3. The beacon data is composed of the label information of several beacons 31. In actual applications, if part of the lower area of ​​the monitoring hole 2 is damaged, the beacon 31 in the damaged area will fall due to loss of support. Since the distance between the fallen beacon 31 and the upper-level beacon 31 is far, the upper-level beacon 31 cannot receive the label data sent by the fallen beacon 31, that is, the pre-stored label data of the fallen beacon 31 cannot be transmitted upward. In this way, the number of label information that can be received by the signal receiving device 4 will be reduced. Through this reduction in the number of label information, it can be judged that the depth of the monitoring hole 2 has changed. Then, combined with the distance data between the beacon 31 and the hole mouth in the received label information, the depth of each monitoring hole 2 can be determined. Furthermore, the three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed top plate in the three-dimensional coordinate system can be clearly defined.

[0038] Specifically, the signal receiving device 4 can be a signal collector, which can be arranged near the orifice of the monitoring hole 2 or at other fixed positions, and can ensure stable reception of the signal sent by the beacon 31, and the present invention is not limited to this. In this embodiment, the signal receiving device 4 is used to receive the tag information sent by the beacon 31 at the orifice position close to the monitoring hole 2. It can be understood that the tag information sent by the beacon 31 at the orifice position close to the monitoring hole 2 includes the tag information pre-stored by all tags of the monitoring hole 2.

[0039] Among them, a plurality of signal receiving devices 4 are provided, and a plurality of signal receiving devices 4 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of monitoring holes 2. In addition, it should be noted that the signal receiving device 4 has single-channel and multi-channel acquisition modes. In each channel, the sampling frequency is in the range of 0 to 100 Hz. When the signal receiving device 4 is in multi-channel mode, multiple channels can realize synchronous and continuous acquisition, and the sampling frequency of each channel is also 0 to 100 Hz. The main function of the signal receiving device 4 is to collect the tag information sent by the beacon 31 at the orifice of the monitoring hole 2. The signal receiving device 4 and the beacon 31 at the orifice of the monitoring hole 2 can be connected by a signal cable, or by wireless means such as Bluetooth and WIFI.

[0040] Step S4: Determine the three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed roof in the three-dimensional coordinate system based on a plurality of beacon data.

[0041] Among them, a terminal server 7 can be set to receive the beacon data transmitted by several signal receiving devices 4, so as to analyze the three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed roof in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Among them, the terminal server 7 can be a computer or other equipment. The signal receiving device 4 can be connected to the switch 5 through a signal cable, and the switch 5 is connected to the communication network 6 through an optical fiber, and the terminal server 7 is also connected to the communication network 6 to read the beacon data transmitted by the several signal receiving devices 4.

[0042] Specifically, the collapse roof monitoring system software is set in the terminal server 7 for signal interpretation. Through the signal interpretation process, all the label information of the beacon 31 in the monitoring hole 2 can be obtained. Thus, the survival state of the beacon 31 can be determined, that is, whether the beacon 31 is located in the borehole and works normally and sends out a signal. According to the location information of the beacon 31 when it is installed, including the borehole number, XYZ coordinates and depth, the location of the collapse roof can be accurately determined.

[0043] Among them, the collapse roof monitoring system software includes a login interface, a display interface, a data analysis interface and a system setting interface. In the login interface, the software functions, login window and system application schematic diagram are mainly displayed, providing users with a basic introduction to the software and an entrance to the system. In the display interface, the three-dimensional layout diagram of the monitoring hole 2, the cross-sectional diagram of the monitoring hole 2 and the working status of the beacon 31 are mainly presented. Among them, the working status of the beacon 31 includes the selection of the monitoring hole 2, the normal working number of the beacon 31, the collapse height and the working status lights of each beacon 31 in the monitoring hole 2, so that the user can intuitively understand the situation of the monitoring hole 2 and the working status of the beacon 31. In the data analysis interface, the monitoring hole 2 number, the analysis time selection and the collapse height change curve and collapse rate change curve of each monitoring hole 2 are mainly displayed. Through these data, users can deeply analyze the changing trend of the collapse roof and provide a basis for decision-making. In the system setting interface, the monitoring hole 2 management, beacon 31 management and parameter settings are mainly displayed. Monitoring hole 2 management includes monitoring hole 2 serial number, monitoring hole 2 number, monitoring hole 2 orifice coordinates, monitoring hole 2 depth, monitoring hole 2 inclination, monitoring hole 2 diameter and other information; beacon 31 management includes monitoring hole 2 number, beacon 31 number, beacon 31 burial depth, beacon 31 coordinates and other information; parameter settings include communication connection parameters, acquisition instrument parameters, stope parameters and other information. Through the system setting interface, users can personalize the monitoring system to ensure the normal operation of the system and the accuracy of the data.

[0044] In some possible implementations of the present invention, see Figure 4As shown, the beacon 31 includes a cylinder 311 and a receiving part 312, a transmitting part 313 and a control part 314 arranged in the cylinder 311. The control part 314 is connected to the receiving part 312 and the transmitting part 313 respectively. The receiving part 312 is used to receive the label information sent by at least two beacons 31 below, the control part 314 is used to add at least two label information received by the receiving part 312 to its own label, and the transmitting part 313 is used to send its own label upward. In this way, the upward transmission and integration of label information is realized. Each beacon 31 not only contains its own label information, but also can collect and summarize the label information of the beacon 31 below, so that the signal receiving device 4 located near the orifice of the monitoring hole 2 can finally receive the rich information after layer-by-layer transmission and integration, which helps to more accurately determine the position of the collapsed top plate in the three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0045] Among them, the cylinder 311 can be the outer shell of the beacon 31, which plays the role of protecting the internal receiving part 312, the transmitting part 313 and the control part 314. It can be understood that the cylinder 311 is usually made of a durable material with certain protective properties to ensure that the beacon 31 can work stably in the complex environment of the monitoring hole 2. Specifically, the cylinder 311 can resist the influence of adverse factors such as external pressure, moisture, vibration, etc., to ensure the normal operation of the internal components of the beacon 31. At the same time, the design of the cylinder 311 should also consider the compatibility with the monitoring hole 2, so that the beacon 31 can be smoothly installed in the monitoring hole 2 and maintain good position stability. In practical applications, the appropriate material and size of the cylinder 311 can be selected according to different monitoring requirements and environmental conditions to achieve the best monitoring effect, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0046] The receiving unit 312 may be an antenna, which is disposed at the bottom of the cylinder 311 and is used to receive tag information sent from at least two beacons 31 below. In the monitoring hole 2, as the depth increases, the beacon 31 below will transmit upward its own tag information and the information received from the beacon 31 further below. The receiving unit 312 is responsible for receiving this information and preparing for subsequent processing and transmission.

[0047] The transmitting unit 313 may also be an antenna, which is disposed at the top of the cylinder 311 and is used to transmit upward the self-label information integrated by the control unit 314. It is understandable that arranging the transmitting unit 313 at the top of the cylinder 311 can minimize the attenuation and interference of the signal inside the cylinder 311, ensuring that the signal can be sent with a strong intensity to the beacon 31 further above or the signal receiving device 4 near the mouth of the monitoring hole 2, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and stability of the signal.

[0048] Among them, the control unit 314 can be a chip card board, and the control unit 314 is arranged between the transmitting unit 313 and the receiving unit 312, and is respectively connected to the receiving unit 312 and the transmitting unit 313, playing a key role in data processing. Specifically, the control unit 314 can add at least two tag information received by the receiving unit 312 to its own tag. For example, the beacon 31 itself may have an initial tag information. When the receiving unit 312 receives the tag information of the beacon 31 below, the control unit 314 will integrate this information into its own tag to form a new tag containing more information.

[0049] In some possible implementations of the present invention, see Figure 4 As shown, the beacon 31 further includes an energy storage unit 315 , which is disposed in the cylinder 311 and connected to the control unit 314 .

[0050] By providing the energy storage unit 315, a stable energy supply can be provided for each part of the beacon 31. In the working environment in the monitoring hole 2, it may not be possible to access an external power supply at any time. The energy storage unit 315 can ensure that the beacon 31 continues to operate for a long time. For example, the energy storage unit 315 can be a rechargeable battery or other energy storage device, which is fully charged or charged with sufficient energy when the beacon 31 is installed, and then continuously provides power to the receiving unit 312, the transmitting unit 313 and the control unit 314 during the monitoring process, ensuring that the beacon 31 can normally receive, process and send tag information.

[0051] Furthermore, by providing the energy storage unit 315, the beacon 31 does not rely on external power access, thereby enhancing the independence of the beacon 31. Even in some complex monitoring scenarios, such as power failure or communication interruption, the beacon 31 can still rely on the energy storage unit 315 to continue working for a period of time. This greatly improves the reliability of the beacon 31 and ensures that the monitoring system can continue to obtain key information. At the same time, it also reduces the risk of failure of the beacon 31 due to external power problems, making the entire monitoring system more stable and reliable.

[0052] In some possible implementations of the present invention, see Figure 4As shown, the beacon 31 also includes a plurality of support wings 316, which are arranged in a plurality of numbers and are spaced apart on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 311 along the circumferential direction of the cylinder 311, and the diameter of the outer contour formed by the plurality of support wings 316 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder 311. Therefore, when the beacon 31 is installed in the monitoring hole 2, it can contact the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2 through the plurality of support wings 316, thereby increasing the friction and support force between the beacon 31 and the hole wall, and effectively preventing the beacon 31 from being displaced or shaken in the monitoring hole 2 due to external forces (such as water flow impact, hole wall deformation, etc.), ensuring that the beacon 31 can always remain in a fixed position, stably receive and send tag information, thereby improving the signal reception and transmission quality.

[0053] The support wing 316 may be a fixed rigid support wing 316 , a retractable support wing 316 , an elastic support wing 316 , or a foldable support wing 316 .

[0054] Specifically, when the beacon 31 is placed in the monitoring hole 2, the support wings 316 can contact the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2. Since the outer contour diameter formed by the support wings 316 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder 311, the support wings 316 will generate a certain support force on the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2. This support force can keep the beacon 31 in a stable position in the monitoring hole 2, preventing the beacon 31 from shaking or moving in the hole.

[0055] Among them, see Figure 4 As shown, at least two rows of support wings 316 can be provided. When multiple rows of support wings 316 are provided, the stability of the beacon 31 in the monitoring hole 2 can be further enhanced. Multiple rows of support wings 316 can support the beacon 31 from different height positions, disperse the force, and enable the beacon 31 to be better fixed in all directions. For example, when subjected to external force impact or the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2 is uneven, multiple rows of support wings 316 can work together to ensure that the beacon 31 will not tilt or shift. At the same time, multiple rows of support wings 316 can also increase the contact area with the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2, and improve the uniformity and reliability of the supporting force. In practical applications, the number of rows and specific arrangement of the support wings 316 can be determined according to factors such as the depth, aperture, and environmental conditions of the monitoring hole 2 to achieve the best support effect.

[0056] In the above embodiment, the support wing 316 is an elastic structure. When the beacon 31 is installed in the monitoring hole 2, the support wing 316 is deformed toward the center direction of the beacon 31 under the action of the external force applied to the beacon 31; when the external force applied to the beacon 31 is removed, the support wing 316 expands away from the center direction of the beacon 31.

[0057] When the support wing 316 is an elastic structure, the support wing 316 can be made of materials such as rubber, spring steel, polyurethane or silicone.

[0058] Specifically, when the beacon 31 is installed in the monitoring hole 2, the elastic support wing 316 is deformed toward the center of the beacon 31 under the external force applied to the beacon 31. This allows the overall outer diameter of the beacon 31 to be temporarily reduced during the installation process, making it easier to place the beacon 31 into the monitoring hole 2. Especially for monitoring holes 2 with small apertures or limited installation space, this elastic deformation characteristic can greatly reduce the difficulty of installation and improve installation efficiency. When the external force applied to the beacon 31 is removed, the elastic support wing 316 expands away from the center of the beacon 31. At this time, the elastic support wing 316 can fit tightly against the inner wall of the monitoring hole 2 and automatically adapt to the hole wall of different apertures. Since the support wing 316 is an elastic structure, it can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the hole wall to ensure that there is enough contact area and support force between the hole wall and the hole wall. This automatic adaptation characteristic allows the beacon 31 to maintain a stable position in monitoring holes 2 of various specifications, thereby improving the versatility and applicability of the beacon 31.

[0059] In some possible embodiments disclosed in the present invention, the working state of the signal chain 3 includes a power-on state and a standby state. During the operation of the signal chain 3, the power-on state and the standby state are switched alternately.

[0060] By setting the working state of Xinlian 3 to alternate between power-on state and standby state, Xinlian 3 can perform key tasks such as data collection and transmission in the power-on state, and take a short rest and adjustment in the standby state, reducing the risk of failure due to long-term continuous work.

[0061] In the power-on state, each functional module of the signal link 3 is fully started and actively performs tasks such as receiving, processing and transmitting data. For example, the receiving unit 312 in the beacon 31 will receive the tag information from the beacon 31 below, the control unit 314 will integrate and process the information, and the transmitting unit 313 will send the processed self-tag information upward.

[0062] Among them, in the standby state, most of the functional modules of the signal chain 3 will enter a low power consumption mode. The receiving unit 312, the transmitting unit 313, etc. may suspend work or work at a lower frequency, and the control unit 314 will also reduce the processing speed or enter a dormant state. At this time, the energy consumed by the signal chain 3 is greatly reduced, which can extend its working time under limited energy supply.

[0063] In the above embodiment, the working time of the signal chain 3 in the power-on state is 5 minutes, and the working time of the signal chain 3 in the standby state is 60 minutes. It can be understood that the working time of the signal chain 3 in the power-on state is only 5 minutes. The relatively short power-on time can ensure that important tasks such as data collection, processing and transmission are concentrated in the critical period, while reducing unnecessary energy consumption. The working time in the standby state is as long as 60 minutes. During this time, the signal chain 3 is in a low power consumption mode, which greatly reduces the overall energy consumption and prolongs the working time of the signal chain 3. It is especially suitable for monitoring environments where it is difficult to frequently change energy or charge.

[0064] Among them, 5 minutes of power-on time is enough for Xinlian 3 to complete the monitoring and processing of key information, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of data. And the longer 60 minutes of standby time can keep Xinlian 3 in energy-saving state most of the time, and will not cause overheating, performance degradation or premature damage of the device due to continuous high-load operation.

[0065] In some possible embodiments disclosed in the present invention, the interval between two adjacent monitoring holes 2 is 40m-60m.

[0066] Among them, for example, the interval distance between two adjacent monitoring holes 2 is 40m, or 41m, or 42m, or 43m, or 44m, or 45m, or 46m, or 47m, or 48m, or 49m, or 50m, or 51m, or 52m, or 53m, or 54m, or 55m, or 56m, or 57m, or 58m, or 59m, or 60m. It can be understood that the interval distance between two adjacent monitoring holes 2 can also be other values ​​other than the above values, as long as the interval distance between two adjacent monitoring holes 2 is within the range of 40m~60m. It should be noted that the interval distance between two adjacent monitoring holes 2 is between 40m~60m, which can reduce the number of monitoring holes 2 and the investment in related equipment while meeting the monitoring needs. Compared with the overly dense arrangement of monitoring holes 2, this setting can reduce construction costs, equipment procurement costs and later maintenance costs. At the same time, it also reduces interference with the monitoring area and reduces the impact on production activities.

[0067] In some possible embodiments disclosed in the present invention, the interval between two adjacent beacons 31 is 3m-6m.

[0068] For example, the interval between two adjacent beacons 31 is 3m, or 4m, or 5m, or 6m. It is understandable that the interval between two adjacent beacons 31 can also be other values ​​other than the above values, as long as the interval between two adjacent beacons 31 is within the range of 3m~6m. It should be noted that the interval between two adjacent beacons 31 is between 3m and 6m, which can make a more detailed division and monitoring of the monitoring area, so that the monitoring system can more accurately determine the location, scope and degree of the collapse. If the interval is too large, it may lead to the inability to locate in a timely and accurate manner when a small-scale local collapse occurs; and the interval of 3m-6m can ensure sensitive monitoring of subtle changes.

[0069] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above-mentioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.

[0070] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring roof collapse, characterized in that: include: A plurality of monitoring holes (2) are opened in the overlying rock layer (1), and a unified three-dimensional coordinate system is established; Arranging signal chains (3) in a plurality of the monitoring holes (2); Obtaining beacon data sent by a plurality of signal chains (3); The three-dimensional spatial position of the collapsed roof in the three-dimensional coordinate system is determined based on the plurality of beacon data.

2. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal chain (3) comprises a plurality of beacons (31) arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the monitoring hole (2), the plurality of beacons (31) pre-store different label information, and during the operation of the plurality of beacons (31), the plurality of label information is transmitted upward one by one.

3. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The beacon (31) comprises a cylinder (311) and a receiving unit (312), a transmitting unit (313) and a control unit (314) arranged in the cylinder (311); the control unit (314) is connected to the receiving unit (312) and the transmitting unit (313) respectively; the receiving unit (312) is used to receive the tag information sent by at least two beacons (31) below; the control unit (314) is used to add the at least two tag information received by the receiving unit (312) to its own tag; and the transmitting unit (313) is used to send its own tag upward.

4. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The beacon (31) further comprises an energy storage unit (315), wherein the energy storage unit (315) is arranged in the cylinder (311), and the energy storage unit (315) is connected to the control unit (314).

5. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The beacon (31) further comprises a supporting wing (316), wherein a plurality of the supporting wings (316) are provided, and the plurality of the supporting wings (316) are spaced apart and distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder (311) along the circumferential direction of the cylinder (311), and the diameter of the outer contour formed by the plurality of the supporting wings (316) is greater than the outer diameter of the cylinder (311).

6. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support wing (316) is an elastic structure. When the beacon (31) is installed in the monitoring hole (2), the support wing (316) is deformed towards the center direction of the beacon (31) under the action of an external force applied to the beacon (31); when the external force applied to the beacon (31) is removed, the support wing (316) expands in a direction away from the center of the beacon (31).

7. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working state of the signal chain (3) includes a power-on state and a standby state. During the working process of the signal chain (3), the power-on state and the standby state are switched alternately.

8. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 7, characterized in that: The working time of the signal chain (3) in the power-on state is 5 minutes, and the working time of the signal chain (3) in the standby state is 60 minutes.

9. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent monitoring holes (2) is 40m to 60m.

10. The method for monitoring roof collapse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent beacons (31) is 3m to 6m.

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