Electrode for lithium secondary battery having controlled surface roughness

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery having controlled surface roughness and a pouch-type lithium secondary battery including the same.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery having controlled surface roughness and a pouch-type lithium secondary battery including the dry electrode. Background Art

[0002] When an electrode for a lithium secondary battery is manufactured by a dry process, the surface of the electrode may have unevenness or irregularity due to reasons such as insufficient shear stress applied to the electrode.

[0003] When the lithium secondary battery is a pressed battery, there is no problem in operation because the influence of the surface unevenness is small. However, when the lithium secondary battery is a pouch-shaped battery, the influence of the surface roughness is large, so the battery may not operate normally.

[0004] The information included in the Background of the disclosure is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the disclosure and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to providing a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a uniform thickness.

[0006] The present disclosure aims to provide a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which various factors such as width, interval, etc. of a pattern formed during film formation are controlled.

[0007] The purpose of the present disclosure is not limited to the above contents. The purpose of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description and will be achieved by the means described in the claims and their combinations.

[0008] An electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure has a sheet shape including a first main surface and a second main surface facing the first main surface.

[0009] The thickness (A) at any point on the first major surface and the average thickness (B) of the thickness (A) at any point on the first major surface satisfy Expression 1 below.

[0010] [Expression 1]

[0011] │AB│≤0.1·B.

[0012] An electrode for a lithium secondary battery may include a flat portion and a plurality of pattern portions protruding by a predetermined width in a width direction of the electrode, wherein the plurality of pattern portions may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

[0013] The electrode may satisfy the following Expression 2.

[0014] [Expression 2]

[0015] C<0.6·D

[0016] In Expression 2, C can be the shortest distance between any pattern portion and another pattern portion adjacent to it, and D can be the distance between the center line of any pattern portion and the center line of another pattern portion adjacent to the any pattern portion based on the center portion of the width of the electrode.

[0017] The electrode may satisfy the following Expression 3.

[0018] [Expression 3]

[0019] 1.3 D <E

[0020] In Expression 3, D can be the distance between the center line of any pattern portion and the center line of another pattern portion adjacent to the any pattern portion based on the center portion of the width of the electrode, and E can be the longest distance between any pattern portion and another pattern portion adjacent to the any pattern portion.

[0021] A distance between a center line of any one pattern portion and a center line of another pattern portion adjacent thereto may be about 150 μm or less.

[0022] The electrode may satisfy Expression 4 below.

[0023] [Expression 4]

[0024] 3≤F / G

[0025] In Expression 4, F may be the area of ​​the flat portion, and G may be the area of ​​the pattern portion.

[0026] A pouch-type lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes an electrode assembly and a case configured to store the electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly includes an electrode.

[0027] According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a uniform thickness may be obtained.

[0028] According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a dry electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be obtained in which various factors such as a width, an interval, etc. of a pattern formed during film formation are controlled.

[0029] According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a pouch type lithium secondary battery having predetermined interface resistance, excellent electron conductivity, and lithium ion conductivity may be obtained.

[0030] According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a pouch-type lithium secondary battery having improved electrochemical properties such as specific capacity, capacity retention rate, and coulombic efficiency may be obtained.

[0031] The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects. It should be understood that the effects of the present disclosure include all effects inferred from the following description.

[0032] It should be understood that the term "vehicle" or "vehicular" or other similar terms used herein generally include motor vehicles, such as passenger cars, including sport utility vehicles (SUVs), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including various small and large boats, aircraft, etc., and include hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g., fuels obtained from non-petroleum resources). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle having two or more power sources, such as both a gasoline-powered vehicle and an electric-powered vehicle.

[0033] The above and other features of the present disclosure are discussed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 shows a perspective view exemplarily showing a pouch type lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view exemplarily showing a pouch type lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 3 illustrates an electrode assembly according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 4 illustrates an electrode assembly according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 5 An electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0039] Figure 6 shows a surface pattern of an electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 7 shows the surface of the cathode according to the preparation example analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM);

[0041] Figure 8 Shown due to Figure 7 The color height difference caused by the same area in the image;

[0042] Fig. 9 shows the surface of the cathode according to the preparation example analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM);

[0043] Fig.10 Showing the discharge capacities of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and comparative examples 1 and 2;

[0044] Fig.11 shows the capacity retention rates of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and comparative examples 1 and 2; and

[0045] Fig.12 Coulombic efficiencies of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown.

[0046] It should be understood that the accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but rather present a somewhat simplified representation of various exemplary features illustrating the basic principles of the present disclosure. The specific design features of the present disclosure included herein (including, for example, specific dimensions, directions, locations, and shapes) will be determined in part by the specific intended application and use environment.

[0047] In the drawings, reference numerals refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present disclosure throughout the several views. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings and described below. Although the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the present disclosure to those exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. On the other hand, the present disclosure is intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments that may be included in the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims.

[0049] The above-mentioned purpose, other purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be easily understood by the following exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein, and may also be predetermined in other forms. On the contrary, the exemplary embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosed content can be thorough and complete, and the spirit of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0050] Throughout the description of each figure, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. In the accompanying drawings, for the clarity of the present disclosure, the size of the structure is shown to be enlarged than the actual size. Terms such as first and second can be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by these terms.

[0051] In this specification, it should be understood that terms such as "including" or "having" are intended to specify the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof described in this specification, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof. In addition, when a part such as a layer, film, region or plate is described as being "on" another part, this includes not only the case where the part is "directly above" the other part, but also the case where other parts exist between the two parts. Conversely, when a part such as a layer, film, region or plate is described as being "under" another part, this includes not only the case where the part is "directly below" the other part, but also the case where other parts exist between the two parts.

[0052] Unless otherwise stated, all numbers, values ​​and / or expressions used herein to represent the amount of components, reaction conditions, polymer compositions and formulations are approximate values, which reflect the various uncertainties of measurement that are fundamentally caused when, among other things, these numbers are obtained. It should be understood that these numbers are described in all cases with the term "about". In addition, when a numerical range is disclosed herein, the range is continuous and includes all values ​​from the minimum to the maximum value within the range, unless otherwise stated. In addition, when the range is an integer, unless otherwise stated, the range includes all integers from the minimum to the maximum value.

[0053] Figure 1 A perspective view exemplarily showing a pouch type lithium secondary battery 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a pouch-type lithium secondary battery 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pouch-type lithium secondary battery 1 may include an electrode assembly 100 and a case 200 for accommodating the electrode assembly 100 .

[0054] Figure 3 An electrode assembly 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The electrode assembly 100 may include a pair of electrodes 110 having different polarities, a solid electrolyte layer 120 between the electrodes 110 , and a pair of current collectors 130 positioned on the outermost portion of the electrode assembly 100 .

[0055] Figure 4 An electrode assembly 100' according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The electrode assembly 100' according to the second exemplary embodiment may be an anode-free battery. An anode-free battery may be a battery that does not include an anode active material and a component having substantially the same function as the anode active material. The electrode assembly 100' may include a solid electrolyte layer 120' located between an anode current collector 130' including a coating 140 and an electrode 110'.

[0056] The coating 140 may include a metal capable of forming an alloy with the amorphous carbon and the lithium.

[0057] The amorphous carbon may include at least any one selected from furnace black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, graphene, and a combination thereof.

[0058] The metal may include at least any one selected from gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof.

[0059] In the electrode assembly 100 ′, lithium ions released from the electrode 110 ′ may be deposited in the form of lithium metal and stored between the coating layer 140 and the current collector 130 ′ during charging.

[0060] Figure 5 An electrode 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The electrode 110 may have a sheet shape including a first main surface 110a and a second main surface 110b facing the first main surface 110a. Each of the first main surface 110a and the second main surface 110b may include not only a planar surface but also a partially constant curved surface, and may also have unevenness formed when manufacturing the electrode 110. In the present sense, the sheet shape is not limited to a relatively thin rectangular parallelepiped.

[0061] The electrode 110 may be manufactured by a dry process. The dry manufacturing method of the electrode 110 is not particularly limited. For example, the manufacturing method may include an operation of obtaining a starting material by dry mixing electrode materials such as an active material, a solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder; a film forming operation of applying shear stress to the starting material, etc. When the shear stress is applied to the starting material, the binder is fiberized and can provide bonding strength to the remaining electrode material.

[0062] The binder capable of being fiberized is not particularly limited. For example, the binder may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0063] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a polymer in which all hydrogen elements of polyethylene (PE) are replaced by fluorine elements. Although polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a polymer with an aliphatic main chain, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has excellent thermal stability and electrical stability and is therefore widely used in the field of electronic materials. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is mainly used for cathodes because the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the polymer is low and therefore has high oxidative stability. Since polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has a cylindrical structure, it can be fiberized even at low temperatures even if polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has a high glass transition temperature (Tg).

[0064] The method of applying shear stress is not particularly limited. For example, shear stress can be applied to the starting material by feeding the starting material between a pair of rollers. At this time, when the shear stress applied to the starting material is insufficient, the pair of rollers may not be able to press the starting material at a constant thickness, so the force applied to each part of the electrode 110 may differ. Therefore, because the surface of the electrode 110 obtained by the film forming operation is rough, mechanical properties such as tensile strength may decrease.

[0065] The present disclosure provides a pouch-type lithium secondary battery having improved electrochemical performance by applying sufficient shear stress to a starting material to make the thickness of the electrode 110 uniform and to adjust the width, area, etc. of a surface pattern formed in a film forming operation.

[0066] The intensity of the shear stress applied to the starting material can be appropriately adjusted according to the target width and thickness of the electrode 110, the type of electrode material, etc., and when the conditions that the electrode 110 needs to satisfy (which will be described below) can be achieved, and the present disclosure is not greatly limited to this. The method of adjusting the intensity of the shear stress is not particularly limited, and when a pair of rollers is used, the intensity of the shear stress can be adjusted by changing the distance between the rollers, the speed ratio between the rollers, etc.

[0067] The electrode 110 may have a thickness A at any point on the first major surface 110 a and an average thickness B of the thickness A, which satisfies Expression 1 below.

[0068] [Expression 1]

[0069] │AB│≤0.1·B

[0070] Here, the thickness A may be the distance between the first main surface 110a and the second main surface 110b. The thickness may be measured by using a thickness measuring device commonly used in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The average thickness B may be a value obtained by measuring the thickness of 10 or more parts using a thickness measuring device and averaging the thickness.

[0071] Since the surface roughness of the electrode 110 is low when Expression 1 is satisfied, a uniform interface with the solid electrolyte layer 120 and the current collector 130 may be formed. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, since the interface resistance of the electrode 110 is reduced, the electrochemical performance of the pouch type lithium secondary battery 1 may be improved.

[0072] When the electrode 110 is formed by a dry manufacturing method, a Figure 6 A pattern shown. Figure 6 , the electrode 110 may include a flat portion 111 and a plurality of pattern portions 112 protruding by a predetermined width in a width direction of the electrode 110 .

[0073] The flat portion 111 may be a portion having a thickness equal to or smaller than an average thickness of the electrode 110 .

[0074] A plurality of pattern portions 112 may be positioned to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the longitudinal direction of the electrode. The pattern portion 112 may include a boundary line 112a separating the pattern portion 112 from the flat portion 111 and a center line 112b connecting the center points of the distances between the boundary lines 112a.

[0075] The electrode 110 may satisfy Expression 2 and Expression 3 below.

[0076] [Expression 2]

[0077] C<0.6·D

[0078] [Expression 3]

[0079] 1.3 D <E

[0080] In Expression 2, C may be the shortest distance between any one pattern portion 112 and another pattern portion 112 ′ adjacent to the pattern portion 112 in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

[0081] In Expression 2 and Expression 3, D may be a distance between a center line 112 b of any one pattern portion 112 and a center line 112 b ′ of another pattern portion 112 ′ adjacent to the pattern portion 112 based on a central portion of the electrode 110 in a longitudinal direction of the electrode.

[0082] In Expression 3, E may be the longest distance between any one pattern portion 112 and another pattern portion 112 ′ adjacent to the pattern portion 112 in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

[0083] The distances indicated by C, D, and E may be straight-line distances in the longitudinal direction of the electrode 110 .

[0084] In the longitudinal direction of the electrode, the distance between the center line 112b of any one pattern portion 112 and the center line 112b' of another pattern portion 112' adjacent thereto may be 150 μm or less based on the central portion of the electrode 110. The lower limit of the distance between the center lines 112b and 112b' is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 10 μm or more, 30 μm or more, 50 μm or more, or 100 μm or more.

[0085] When the electrode 110 satisfies Expression 2 and Expression 3, the capacity of the pouch type lithium secondary battery 1 may be increased.

[0086] The electrode 110 may satisfy Expression 4 below.

[0087] [Expression 4]

[0088] 3≤F / G

[0089] In Expression 4, F may be the area of ​​the flat portion 111 .

[0090] G may be an area of ​​the pattern portion 112 among the plurality of pattern portions.

[0091] When the electrode 110 satisfies Expression 4, the capacity of the pouch type lithium secondary battery 1 may be increased.

[0092] Hereinafter, other forms of the present disclosure will be described in more detail by way of examples. The following examples are merely examples to help understand the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0093] Preparation Example

[0094] The starting material is obtained by dry mixing cathode active material, sulfide solid electrolyte, conductive material and adhesive. The starting material is placed between a pair of rollers provided in the film forming device to form a film to obtain a semi-finished product. The film forming device is a double-roll mill (Intec System Co.). The double-roll mill automatically measures and records the distance between the rollers and the change value of the pressure of the roller while the starting material is formed into a film. The gap between the pair of rollers is about 0.06mm, and the speed ratio between the rollers is 1:10 (front roller speed: rear roller speed). Shear stress is applied to the starting material by changing the speed ratio between the rollers. By cutting the semi-finished product into a width of 30mm and a length of 40mm, a cathode is obtained.

[0095] Figure 7 The cathode according to the preparation example analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is shown. Figure 7 Thickness profile of the upper line in . It can be seen that the thickness difference between the flat part and the pattern part is about 4 μm.

[0096] Figure 8 Shown due to Figure 7 The height difference caused by the same area in the Figure 7 As shown, it can be confirmed Figure 8 There is also a thickness difference.

[0097] Fig. 9 4 shows the surface of the cathode according to the preparation example analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fig. 9 , it can be seen that a pattern portion having a width of about 30 μm to 40 μm is formed on the surface of the electrode.

[0098] Comparative Preparation Example 1 (Surface Control X)

[0099] A cathode was manufactured in the same manner as in Preparation Example, except that the gap between a pair of rollers was adjusted to about 0.08 mm and the speed ratio between the rollers was changed to 1:12.

[0100] Comparative Preparation Example 2 (Surface Control △)

[0101] A cathode was manufactured in the same manner as in Preparation Example, except that the gap between the pair of rollers was adjusted to about 0.08 mm.

[0102] The specifications of the cathodes according to the Preparation Example, Comparative Preparation Example 1, and Comparative Preparation Example 2 were measured and shown in Table 1 below.

[0103] [Table 1]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the cathode according to the preparation example satisfies equations 1 to 4, whereas Comparative Preparation Example 1 does not satisfy equations 1, 3, and 4, and Comparative Preparation Example 2 does not satisfy equation 1.

[0107] Example

[0108] The electrode assembly was manufactured by stacking an anode current collector, a coating layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode according to the preparation example and a cathode current collector. The coating layer included amorphous carbon and silver (Ag) powder.

[0109] A pouch-type lithium secondary battery is obtained by storing the electrode assembly in a case.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] A pouch-type lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example, except that the cathode according to Comparative Preparation Example 1 was used.

[0112] Comparative Example 2

[0113] A pouch-type lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example, except that the cathode according to Comparative Preparation Example 2 was used.

[0114] Fig.10 Discharge capacities of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown. Fig.11 Capacity retention rates of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown. Fig.12 The coulombic efficiencies of the pouch-type lithium secondary batteries according to the embodiment and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown. Fig.10 , Fig.11 and Fig.12It can be seen that the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate and coulombic efficiency of the pouch-type lithium secondary battery according to the exemplary embodiment (in which the surface roughness and specifications of the pattern portion are adjusted) are higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a vehicle may be referred to as a concept based on various means of transport. In some cases, a vehicle may be interpreted as a concept based on not only various land means of transport such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses that travel on roads, but also various means of transport such as airplanes, drones, large ships, and the like.

[0116] For ease of interpretation and accurate definition in the claims, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "up", "lower", "upward", "downward", "front", "rear", "back", "inside", "outside", "inward", "outward", "interior", "exterior", "inner", "exterior", "forward" and "rearward" are used to describe the features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features shown in the figures. It should also be understood that the term "connect" or its derivatives refer to both direct and indirect connections.

[0117] The term "and / or" may include a combination of a plurality of related listed items or any one of a plurality of related listed items. For example, "A and / or B" includes all three situations such as "A", "B" and "A and B".

[0118] In this specification, unless otherwise stated, a singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may refer to “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of a combination of at least one of A and B”. Furthermore, “one or more of A and B” may refer to “one or more of A or B” or “one or more of a combination of one or more of A and B”.

[0120] In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that terms such as "including" or "having" are intended to specify the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof described in this specification, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0121] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are given for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise form disclosed, and it is apparent that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments are selected and described in order to explain certain principles of the present invention and their practical applications, so that other persons skilled in the art can make and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and various alternatives and modifications thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electrode for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the electrode has a sheet shape including a first major surface and a second major surface facing the first major surface, The thickness A at any point on the first main surface and the average thickness B of the thickness A at any point on the first main surface satisfy the following Expression 1, [Expression 1] │AB│≤0.1·B.

2. The electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, include: Flat part; as well as A plurality of pattern portions protruding with a predetermined width in a width direction of the electrode, The plurality of pattern portions are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in a longitudinal direction of the electrode.

3. The electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrode satisfies the following expression 2, [Expression 2] C<0.6·D Wherein C is the shortest distance between any one pattern portion and another pattern portion adjacent to the any one pattern portion in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, and Wherein D is the distance between the center line of any one pattern portion and the center line of another pattern portion adjacent to the any one pattern portion based on the center portion of the width of the electrode in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

4. The electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrode satisfies the following expression 3, [Expression 3] 1.3 D <E wherein D is the distance between the center line of any one pattern portion and the center line of another pattern portion adjacent to the any one pattern portion based on the center portion of the width of the electrode in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, and Wherein E is the longest distance between any one pattern portion and another pattern portion adjacent to the any one pattern portion in the longitudinal direction of the electrode. 5 . The electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 2 , wherein in a longitudinal direction of the electrode, a distance between a center line of any one pattern portion and a center line of another pattern portion adjacent to the any one pattern portion is 150 μm or less.

6. The electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrode satisfies the following Expression 4, [Expression 4] 3≤F / G where F is the area of ​​the flat portion, and Wherein G is the area of ​​a pattern portion among the plurality of pattern portions.

7. A pouch-type lithium secondary battery, include: Electrode assembly; as well as a housing configured to store the electrode assembly, The electrode assembly comprises the electrode according to claim 1.

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