High energy density cylindrical battery cell design with stacked electrodes

Abstract

The invention discloses a high energy density cylindrical battery cell design with stacked electrodes. A battery cell includes a case and an electrode stack disposed within the case. The battery cell includes: an anode including a first conductive tab; the cathode comprises a second conductive contact pin; and a diaphragm. The battery cell further includes two electrical connectors, each of which is attached to one of the first conductive tab or the second conductive tab and one of the negative terminal and the positive terminal, respectively. Each of the anode, cathode, and diaphragm includes a common perimeter including: a first portion that matches a shape of an interior surface of the shell; and a second portion including a resection opening configured to be retracted from the interior surface. The anode, the cathode, and the second portion of the separator are aligned and create a region between the stack and the interior surface. The tabs and the electrical connections are disposed within the region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a high energy density cylindrical battery cell design with stacked electrodes. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries are ideal candidates for powering electronic devices in the consumer, automotive, and aerospace industries due to their relatively high energy density, high power density, lack of memory effect, and long cycle life compared to other rechargeable battery technologies, including lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-metal hydride batteries.

[0003] The battery cell includes at least one anode and cathode pair. The battery cell includes a conventional polymer separator (seperator, or "separator"), which contains a liquid electrolyte between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Alternatively, the solid-state battery cell includes a solid electrolyte membrane as an alternative to the conventional polymer separator. The solid electrolyte may include a first planar major surface, which is adjacent to and contacts the planar major surface of the anode electrode. The solid electrolyte may include a second planar major surface, which is adjacent to and contacts the planar major surface of the cathode electrode. Summary of the invention

[0004] A battery cell is provided. The battery cell includes a housing including an interior surface. The battery cell further includes an electrode stack disposed within the housing. The electrode stack includes: an anode including a first conductive tab; a cathode including a second conductive tab; and a separator. The battery cell further includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The battery cell further includes: a first electrical connector attached to the first conductive tab and the negative terminal; and a second electrical connector attached to the second conductive tab and the positive terminal. Each of the anode, cathode, and separator includes a common component periphery, the common component periphery including: a first portion of the common component periphery configured to conform to the shape of the interior surface; and a second portion of the common component periphery, the second portion including a cutout configured to recede from the interior surface. The second portion of the common component periphery of the anode, the second portion of the common component periphery of the cathode, and the second portion of the common component periphery of the separator are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface. The first conductive tab, the second conductive tab, the first electrical connector, and the second electrical connector are disposed in an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface.

[0005] In some embodiments, the battery cell further comprises a support plate disposed proximate one end of the electrode stack. The battery cell further comprises a compression spring configured to: provide a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; and displace when the electrode stack undergoes volume expansion.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes a plurality of compression springs.

[0007] In some embodiments, the electrode stack includes a first electrode stack, and the support plate is a first support plate. The battery cell further includes: a second electrode stack disposed within the housing; and a second support plate disposed against one end of the second electrode stack. The compression spring is further configured to: provide a compressive force on the second support plate and the second electrode stack; and further displace when the second electrode stack undergoes volume expansion.

[0008] In some embodiments, the housing is cylindrical and the interior surface comprises a first round shape. A first portion of the periphery of the common member comprises a second round shape configured to match the interior surface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second portion of the periphery of the common component includes a flat side.

[0010] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes a separator bracket disposed in a region between the electrode stack and the interior surface, the separator bracket being configured to separate the first conductive tab from the second conductive tab.

[0011] In some embodiments, the battery cell further comprises a vent configured to permit gas to exit the battery cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes a porous separator groove disposed in a region between the electrode stack and the interior surface, the porous separator groove being configured to direct gas within the battery cell to the vent.

[0013] In some embodiments, the separator comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0014] In some embodiments, the separator comprises a polymeric separator configured to facilitate ion transfer between the anode and the cathode, and the battery cell further comprises a liquid electrolyte.

[0015] In some embodiments, the electrode stack includes a plurality of anodes, each anode including one of a plurality of first conductive tabs. The electrode stack further includes a plurality of cathodes, each cathode including one of a plurality of second conductive tabs. The plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern. The electrode stack further includes a diaphragm disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes. Each of the plurality of first conductive tabs is connected to a first electrical connector, and each of the plurality of second conductive tabs is connected to a second electrical connector.

[0016] In some embodiments, the anode includes silicon or lithium metal.

[0017] According to an alternative embodiment, a cylindrical battery cell is provided. The cylindrical battery cell includes a cylindrical housing including an interior surface having a first circular shape. The cylindrical battery cell further includes an electrode stack disposed within the housing. The electrode stack includes a plurality of anodes, each anode including one of a plurality of first conductive tabs. The electrode stack further includes a plurality of cathodes, each cathode including one of a plurality of second conductive tabs. The plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern. The electrode stack further includes a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes. The cylindrical battery cell further includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The cylindrical battery cell further includes: a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs and the negative terminal; and a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs and the positive terminal. The cylindrical battery cell further includes: a support plate disposed proximate to one end of the electrode stack; and a compression spring. The compression spring is configured to provide a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; and to shift when the electrode stack expands in volume. Each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes, and the plurality of diaphragms includes a common periphery. The common periphery includes: a first portion of the common periphery, the first portion including a second circular shape to match the internal surface; and a second portion of the common periphery, the second portion including a flat side configured to retreat from the first circular shape of the internal surface. The second portion of the common periphery of each of the plurality of anodes, the second portion of the common periphery of each of the plurality of cathodes, and the second portion of the common periphery of each of the plurality of diaphragms are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the internal surface. The plurality of first conductive tabs, the plurality of second conductive tabs, the first electrical connector, and the second electrical connector are arranged in the area between the electrode stack and the internal surface.

[0018] In some embodiments, the cylindrical battery cell further includes a separator bracket disposed in a region between the electrode stack and the interior surface, the separator bracket being configured to separate the plurality of first conductive tabs from the plurality of second conductive tabs.

[0019] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of separators comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0020] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of anodes comprises silicon or lithium metal.

[0021] According to an alternative embodiment, an electrode stack for use in a cylindrical battery cell is provided. The electrode stack includes a plurality of anodes, each anode including one of a plurality of first conductive tabs. The electrode stack further includes a plurality of cathodes, each cathode including one of a plurality of second conductive tabs. The plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern. The electrode stack further includes a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes. The electrode stack further includes: a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs; and a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs. Each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes, and the plurality of separators includes a common component periphery. The common component periphery includes a first portion of the common component periphery, the first portion including a circular shape configured to match a circular interior surface of a housing of a cylindrical battery cell. The common component periphery further includes a second portion of the common component periphery, the second portion including a flat side configured to recede from the circular interior surface. A second portion of the common perimeter of each of the plurality of anodes, a second portion of the common perimeter of each of the plurality of cathodes, and a second portion of the common perimeter of each of the plurality of separators are aligned and configured to create an area between the electrode stack and the circular interior surface.

[0022] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of separators comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0023] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of anodes comprises silicon or lithium metal.

[0024] The present invention also discloses the following technical solution:

[0025] Solution 1. A battery cell, comprising:

[0026] a housing including an interior surface;

[0027] an electrode stack disposed within the housing and comprising:

[0028] an anode including a first conductive tab;

[0029] a cathode including a second conductive tab; and

[0030] Diaphragm;

[0031] Positive terminal;

[0032] Negative terminal;

[0033] a first electrical connector attached to the first conductive tab and the negative terminal; and

[0034] a second electrical connector attached to the second conductive tab and the positive terminal; and

[0035] Wherein, each of the anode, the cathode and the separator includes a common component periphery, and the common component periphery includes:

[0036] a first portion of the common member perimeter, the first portion being configured to conform to the shape of the interior surface; and

[0037] a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a cutout configured to recede from the interior surface;

[0038] wherein the second portion of the common part periphery of the anode, the second portion of the common part periphery of the cathode, and the second portion of the common part periphery of the separator are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface; and

[0039] Wherein, the first conductive contact, the second conductive contact, the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector are arranged in the area between the electrode stack and the inner surface.

[0040] Solution 2. The battery cell according to Solution 1, further comprising:

[0041] a support plate disposed proximate to one end of the electrode stack; and

[0042] A compression spring configured to:

[0043] providing a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; and

[0044] The electrode stack is displaced when volume expansion occurs.

[0045] Option 3. The battery cell according to Option 2 further comprises a plurality of compression springs.

[0046] Solution 4. The battery cell according to Solution 2, wherein the electrode stack comprises a first electrode stack;

[0047] Wherein, the support plate is a first support plate;

[0048] Further including:

[0049] a second electrode stack disposed within the housing; and

[0050] A second support plate disposed against one end of the second electrode stack; and

[0051] Wherein, the compression spring is further configured to:

[0052] providing the compressive force on the second support plate and the second electrode stack; and

[0053] The second electrode stack is further displaced when its volume expands.

[0054] Solution 5. The battery cell according to Solution 1, wherein the housing is a cylinder;

[0055] wherein the interior surface comprises a first circular shape;

[0056] Wherein, the first portion of the periphery of the common component includes a second circular shape configured to match the inner surface.

[0057] Option 6. The battery cell according to Option 5, wherein the second portion of the periphery of the common component includes a flat side.

[0058] Option 7. The battery cell according to Option 1 further comprises a separator bracket arranged in the area between the electrode stack and the inner surface, the separator bracket being configured to separate the first conductive tab and the second conductive tab.

[0059] Embodiment 8. The battery cell of embodiment 1, further comprising a vent configured to permit gas to exit the battery cell.

[0060] Option 9. The battery cell according to Option 8, further comprising a porous separation groove disposed in the region between the electrode stack and the inner surface, the porous separation groove being configured to guide the gas within the battery cell to the vent.

[0061] Option 10. The battery cell according to Option 1, wherein the separator comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0062] Option 11. The battery cell according to Option 1, wherein the separator comprises a polymeric separator configured to facilitate ion transfer between the anode and the cathode; and

[0063] Further comprising a liquid electrolyte.

[0064] Solution 12. The battery cell according to Solution 1, wherein the electrode stack comprises:

[0065] a plurality of anodes, each anode comprising one of the plurality of first conductive tabs;

[0066] a plurality of cathodes, each cathode comprising one of the plurality of second conductive tabs, wherein the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern; and

[0067] A separator disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes; and

[0068] wherein each of the plurality of first conductive contacts is connected to the first electrical connector; and

[0069] Wherein, each of the plurality of second conductive contacts is connected to the second electrical connector.

[0070] Option 13. A battery cell according to Option 1, wherein the anode comprises silicon or lithium metal.

[0071] Solution 14. A cylindrical battery cell, comprising:

[0072] a cylindrical housing including an interior surface having a first circular shape;

[0073] an electrode stack disposed within the housing and comprising:

[0074] a plurality of anodes, each anode comprising one of the plurality of first conductive tabs;

[0075] a plurality of cathodes, each cathode comprising one of the plurality of second conductive tabs, wherein the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern; and

[0076] a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes; and

[0077] Positive terminal;

[0078] Negative terminal;

[0079] a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs and the negative terminal;

[0080] a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs and the positive terminal;

[0081] a support plate disposed proximate to one end of the electrode stack; and

[0082] A compression spring configured to:

[0083] providing a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; and

[0084] displaced when the electrode stack undergoes volume expansion; and

[0085] Wherein, each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of separators comprises a common component periphery, and the common component periphery comprises:

[0086] a first portion of the common member perimeter, the first portion comprising a second circular shape to mate with the interior surface; and

[0087] a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a flat side configured to recede from the first circular shape of the interior surface;

[0088] wherein the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of anodes, the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of cathodes, and the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of separators are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface; and

[0089] Wherein, the plurality of first conductive contacts, the plurality of second conductive contacts, the first electrical connector, and the second electrical connector are arranged in the region between the electrode stack and the inner surface.

[0090] Option 15. The cylindrical battery cell according to Option 14 further comprises a separator bracket arranged in the area between the electrode stack and the inner surface, wherein the separator bracket is configured to separate the plurality of first conductive tabs and the plurality of second conductive tabs.

[0091] Embodiment 16. The cylindrical battery cell according to Embodiment 14, wherein each of the plurality of separators comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0092] Option 17. A cylindrical battery cell according to Option 14, wherein each of the plurality of anodes comprises silicon or lithium metal.

[0093] Solution 18. An electrode stack for use in a cylindrical battery cell, the electrode stack comprising:

[0094] a plurality of anodes, each anode comprising one of the plurality of first conductive tabs;

[0095] a plurality of cathodes, each cathode comprising one of the plurality of second conductive tabs, wherein the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern; and

[0096] a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes; and

[0097] a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs; and

[0098] a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs; and

[0099] Wherein, each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of separators comprises a common component periphery, and the common component periphery comprises:

[0100] a first portion of the common component periphery, the first portion comprising a circular shape configured to mate with a circular interior surface of a housing of the cylindrical battery cell; and

[0101] a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a flat side configured to recede from the circular interior surface;

[0102] wherein the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of anodes, the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of cathodes, and the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of diaphragms are aligned and configured to create an area between the electrode stack and the circular interior surface.

[0103] Option 19. An electrode stack according to Option 18, wherein each of the plurality of separators comprises a solid electrolyte separator.

[0104] Option 20. An electrode stack according to Option 18, wherein each of the plurality of anodes comprises silicon or lithium metal.

[0105] The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present disclosure are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the disclosure when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0106] Figure 1 schematically illustrates in top view an exemplary cathode according to the present disclosure comprising a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter and a flat side;

[0107] Figure 2 schematically illustrates in top view an exemplary anode according to the present disclosure comprising a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter and a flat side;

[0108] Figure 3 schematically illustrates in top view an exemplary diaphragm according to the present disclosure including a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter and a flat side;

[0109] Figure 4A single cell according to the present disclosure is schematically illustrated in side view, the single cell comprising Figure 1 The cathode and Figure 2 The anode of Figure 3 A diaphragm is disposed therebetween;

[0110] Figure 5 schematically illustrates a plurality of single cells arranged into an electrode stack according to the present disclosure;

[0111] Figure 6 schematically illustrates an exemplary support plate and a plurality of compression springs according to the present disclosure;

[0112] Figure 7 schematically illustrates a cylindrical battery cell according to the present disclosure in a side cross-sectional view; and

[0113] Figure 8 The top view schematically illustrates the Figure 7 Cylindrical battery cells. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0114] The battery system may include one or more solid-state battery cells. The solid-state battery cell may include an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a solid electrolyte.

[0115] Solid-state batteries include a solid electrolyte that provides or facilitates ion transfer between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The solid electrolyte further acts as a physical separator between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, thereby preventing internal short circuits from occurring within the battery.

[0116] The jelly roll electrode includes a flexible anode, a flexible separator, and a flexible cathode, each of which is wound around a core so that a spiral shape is created in the electrode. The cylindrical battery cells with tabless jelly roll electrodes utilized in the present technology can utilize lithium metal and / or high silicon content in the anode to increase the energy density in the battery cell. Due to the significant expansion of the lithium metal or high silicon content anode during lithiation, this configuration may encounter overpressure problems. As the layers of the jelly roll electrode thicken due to expansion, the electrode can press against the cylindrical housing, thereby causing overpressure problems.

[0117] A high energy density cylindrical battery cell design with stacked high coverage electrodes is provided. The battery cell includes at least one electrode stack, wherein the at least one electrode stack includes a plurality of single cells. The single cell includes an anode, a cathode, and two separators, wherein a separator is provided between each anode and each cathode.

[0118] A single cell may include a common component periphery. In one example, a single cell may include a first portion of a common component periphery, the first portion including a circular outer periphery, for example, configured to correspond to the inner surface of a cylindrical housing of a battery cell. A single cell may include a second portion of a common component periphery, the second portion including a flat side of the common component periphery. Each of the anode, cathode, and (multiple) separators of a single cell may include the same common component periphery, the common component periphery including: a first portion including a circular outer periphery; and a second portion including a flat side. When stacked together into a single cell, the second portion including a flat side of each of the anode, cathode, and (multiple) separators may be aligned so that the single cell collectively exhibits a common component periphery having an aligned circular outer periphery and an aligned flat side. When placed in a cylindrical housing of a battery cell, the circular outer periphery of the single cell is aligned with the inner surface of the housing, and the flat side of the single cell creates an open area with the housing. A first tab may be attached to the anode along a flat side of the anode, and a second tab may be attached to the cathode along a flat side of the cathode, such that electrical connections to the first tab and the second tab may be made within an open area of ​​the housing. These electrical connections may include: a first electrical connector that connects the first tab attached to the anode to a negative terminal of the battery cell; and a second electrical connector that connects the second tab attached to the cathode to a positive terminal of the battery cell. Multiple single cells or a repeating pattern of single cells may be stacked within the battery cell such that an electrode stack is created within the battery cell.

[0119] The electrode design (wherein the anode includes a first tab along the flat side of the anode, and the cathode includes a second tab along the flat side of the cathode electrode) aligns the space required for these tabs and electrical connectors along one side of the electrode stack. This flat side and tab design enables the vast majority of the flat surfaces of the anode and cathode to include electrode coatings, which include corresponding anode active materials and cathode active materials. The resulting electrode includes an excellent energy density. Further, when the flat electrodes are stacked in a battery cell, a support plate combined with one or more springs can be used to accept the volume expansion of the anode in the electrode stack as the anode is lithiated. This ability to accept considerable volume expansion enables the use of lithium metal and / or silicon at relatively high concentrations, thereby further providing excellent energy density. The resulting battery cell configuration exhibits excellent energy density and excellent resistance / acceptance to anode volume expansion.

[0120] The disclosed anodes and cathodes useful for creating electrode stacks within cylindrical cells provide high active material coating rates by placing two tabs on the notched flat edges of the circular electrodes, thereby increasing cell energy density.

[0121] By folding, flattening and welding the electrode tabs to the electrical connector in a vertical direction perpendicular to the plane of the stacked electrodes, the conductive tab connection has high space utilization efficiency.

[0122] The disclosed electrodes can be produced using similar electrode coatings with some minor modifications. Therefore, compared to electrodes requiring more complex shapes, these electrodes can be produced on a large scale and using relatively fast processes, thereby reducing processing costs and overcoming the difficulties of large-scale production.

[0123] Separator brackets or separation grooves can be provided between the cathode conductive tab and the anode conductive tab to prevent the cell from shorting. Separator brackets can also serve as alignment aids during battery cell assembly.

[0124] The resulting battery cell design has a relatively short current path and offers exceptionally low cell resistance.

[0125] The disclosed battery cell design can be applied to cylindrical cells with various chemistries, including conventional lithium-ion cells with liquid electrolytes and solid-state batteries including solid electrolyte separators, or cells with high expansion anodes (including relatively high silicon content and / or lithium metal). The cylindrical cell design with stacked assemblies is particularly useful for solid-state batteries with rigid and brittle solid electrolyte membranes because the flat layers of the electrode stack embodiments do not bend or deform into a curved shape in the disclosed battery cell configuration.

[0126] The disclosed battery cell design provides for gas venting through the area where the electrical connectors are routed. In one embodiment, the separation brackets or isolation slots may have apertures to allow gas to pass through the brackets or slots when venting.

[0127] The battery cell design can be applied to cylindrical cells with various sizes and aspect ratios.

[0128] Figure 1-3 The components of the electrode stack are schematically illustrated, each including a common component perimeter 12 such that when each of the cathode 20, anode 30 and separator 40 are stacked and aligned, their flat sides 26, 36, 46, respectively, are aligned with each other. Figure 1 An exemplary cathode 20 is schematically illustrated in a top view, including a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter 24 and a flat side 26. Cathode 20 includes a planar face 22 that can be covered with a cathode electrode that includes a cathode active material, a binder, and a conductive material. Cathode 20 further includes a current collector that is electrically connected to or integrally formed with a conductive tab 29. Cathode 20 further includes an insulator 28 surrounding cathode 20 so that cathode 20 and its active material are not in conductive contact with other parts of the battery cell (e.g., including the housing).

[0129] Figure 2 An exemplary anode 30 is schematically illustrated in top view, including a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter 34 and a flat side 36. Anode 30 includes a planar face 32 that can be covered with an anode electrode including an anode active material, a binder, and a conductive material. Anode 30 further includes a current collector that is electrically connected to or integrally formed with a conductive tab 39.

[0130] Figure 3 An exemplary diaphragm 40 is schematically illustrated in top view and includes a perimeter including a circular outer perimeter 44 and a flat side 46. The diaphragm 40 includes a planar face 42 configured to be positioned proximate to a Figure 1 Flat surface 22 or Figure 2 The separator 40 is constructed of a material that is configured to facilitate ion transfer between the cathode 20 and the anode 30 and facilitate electrochemical reactions in the battery cell. In one embodiment, the separator 40 can be constructed of a polymeric separator material and can be configured for use with a liquid electrolyte in a battery cell. In another embodiment, the separator 40 can be constructed of a solid electrolyte separator material.

[0131] Figure 4 A single cell 10 is schematically illustrated in a side view, the single cell comprising Figure 1 The cathode 20 and Figure 2 The anode 30, wherein Figure 3 The separator 40 is disposed therebetween. In the battery cell and in the presence of an electrolyte, the single cell 10 can function as a battery cell, wherein the electrochemical reaction in the single cell 10 generates electrical energy. The illustrated cathode 20 includes a current collector 21, which can be constructed of aluminum. Figure 1 On the top of the current collector 21, a first cathode electrode 23 is formed on the first flat surface 22 of the embodiment. Figure 1 A second cathode electrode 23 is formed on the second flat surface 22 of the current collector 21. An insulator 28 is shown surrounding the cathode electrode 23.

[0132] The illustrated anode 30 includes a current collector 31, which may be constructed of copper. Figure 2 On the top of the current collector 31, a first anode electrode 33 is formed on the first flat surface 32 of the embodiment. Figure 2 On the second flat surface 32 of the anode electrode 33 is formed on the bottom of the current collector 31. The first separator 40 is shown as being disposed between the cathode 20 and the anode 30. The second optional separator 40 is shown as being disposed immediately adjacent to and below the anode 30.

[0133] Figure 5A plurality of single cells 10A, 10B, 10C arranged to form an electrode stack 50 is schematically illustrated.

[0134] Figure 6 An exemplary support plate 60 and a plurality of compression springs 70 are schematically illustrated. The support plate 60 and the compression springs 70 are configured to apply a compressive force to the Figure 5 The support plate 60 is provided on the electrode stack 50 of the embodiment of the present invention. The compression spring 70 is configured to enable the support plate 60 to be displaced when the electrode stack 50 expands due to the lithiation of the (multiple) anodes 30 of the electrode stack 50. The support plate 60 may include a common component perimeter 12 so that the circular outer perimeter 64 and the flat side 66 of the support plate 60 can be aligned with the components of the electrode stack 50. The support plate 60 includes a flat surface 62 that is configured to be attached to the compression spring 70 and / or is configured to be disposed adjacent to the flat component of the electrode stack 50.

[0135] Figure 7 A cylindrical battery cell 100 is schematically illustrated in a side cross-sectional view. The cylindrical battery cell 100 includes a cylindrical housing 105, a positive terminal 110, and a negative terminal 120. A first electrode stack 50A and a second electrode stack 50B are illustrated as being disposed within the cylindrical housing 105. A support plate 60 is illustrated as being disposed on either side of each of the electrode stacks 50A and 50B. A compression spring 70 is illustrated as being disposed between two support plates within the support plate 60, so that when the electrode stacks 50A, 50B expand in volume, the compression spring 70 can be compressed and provide additional volume to the electrode stacks 50A, 50B within the cylindrical battery cell 100. Each of the components of the electrode stacks 50A, 50B and the support plate 60 may include Figure 1-3 and Figure 6 The common component periphery 12 of the cylindrical battery cell 100 is shown, wherein the flat sides 52 of the electrode stacks 50A, 50B and the corresponding flat sides of the support plate 60 are aligned so that an area 108 is provided within the cylindrical battery cell 100. The first electrical connector 130 within the area 108 is shown connected to Figure 2 The anode 30 of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a conductive tab 39 in the electrode stack 50A, 50B. The first electrical connector 130 is conductively connected to the negative terminal 120. The second electrical connector 140 in the region 108 is shown as being connected to Figure 1 The conductive tabs 29 of the cathode 20 within the electrode stacks 50A, 50B. The second electrical connector 140 is conductively connected to the positive terminal 110. The cap 150 is fixed to the top of the cylindrical housing 105 and fixes the contents within the cylindrical housing. The vent 160 can be provided in the cap 150 so that gas can escape the cylindrical battery cell 100.

[0136] Figure 8 The top view schematically illustrates Figure 710. The cylindrical battery cell 100 is illustrated with the cap 150 removed. The housing 105 is illustrated, which includes an inner surface 107. The electrode stack 50A is illustrated, which has a perimeter that conforms to the inner surface 107, except for a flat side along the electrode stack 50A. The conductive tabs 29, 39 are illustrated as extending from the electrode stack 50A and directly connected to the second electrical connector 140 and the first electrical connector 130, respectively. The optional tab spacer bracket 170 is illustrated as being disposed between the conductive tab 29 and the conductive tab 39. The spacer bracket 170 is configured to prevent accidental contact between the conductive tab 29 and the conductive tab 39. The spacer bracket 170 can help align the electrode stack during assembly. Additionally, the spacer bracket 170 can facilitate directing gas to Figure 7 The vent 160.

[0137] The cylindrical battery cell 100 is illustrated as a cylinder. In other forms, the battery cell may take the form of a cube, a rectangular housing, a housing with a hexagonal cross-section, or other shapes. Figure 5 The electrode stack 50 and other components of the cylindrical battery cell 100 can be adapted to other shapes. In an embodiment (wherein the housing includes a hexagonal cross-section), the anode, cathode, separator, and support plate may include a common component periphery that matches most of the hexagonal inner surface of the shell. A cutout may be created on the common component periphery so that each of the anode conductive tab and the cathode conductive tab can be connected to a corresponding electrical connector. The cutout may include a flat side of the common component periphery that retreats away from the inner surface of the shell. The cutout may include a concave divot formed in one of the flat sides of the hexagonal shape. The cutout may be other shapes, or may be an irregular shape.

[0138] While the best modes for carrying out the disclosure have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this disclosure relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the disclosure within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery cell, comprising: a housing comprising an interior surface; An electrode stack disposed within the housing and comprising: an anode including a first conductive tab; a cathode including a second conductive tab; and Diaphragm; Positive terminal; Negative terminal; a first electrical connector attached to the first conductive tab and the negative terminal; and a second electrical connector attached to the second conductive tab and the positive terminal; and Wherein, each of the anode, the cathode and the separator includes a common component periphery, and the common component periphery includes: a first portion of the common member perimeter, the first portion being configured to conform to the shape of the interior surface; and a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a cutout configured to recede from the interior surface; wherein the second portion of the common part periphery of the anode, the second portion of the common part periphery of the cathode, and the second portion of the common part periphery of the separator are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface; and Wherein, the first conductive contact, the second conductive contact, the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector are arranged in the area between the electrode stack and the inner surface.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, further comprising: a support plate disposed adjacent to one end of the electrode stack; as well as A compression spring configured to: providing a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; as well as The electrode stack is displaced when volume expansion occurs.

3. The battery cell of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of compression springs.

4. The battery cell according to claim 2, wherein: The electrode stack comprises a first electrode stack; Wherein, the support plate is a first support plate; Further including: a second electrode stack disposed within the housing; and a second support plate disposed against one end of the second electrode stack; and wherein the compression spring is further configured to: providing the compressive force on the second support plate and the second electrode stack; and The second electrode stack is further displaced when its volume expands.

5. The battery cell according to claim 1, wherein: The housing is a cylinder; wherein the interior surface comprises a first circular shape; Wherein, the first portion of the periphery of the common component includes a second circular shape configured to match the interior surface.

6. The battery cell according to claim 5, wherein: The second portion of the common member periphery includes a flat side. 7 . The battery cell according to claim 1 , further comprising a spacer bracket disposed in the region between the electrode stack and the interior surface, the spacer bracket being configured to separate the first conductive tab and the second conductive tab.

8. The battery cell of claim 1, further comprising a vent configured to permit gases to exit the battery cell.

9. A cylindrical battery cell comprising: a cylindrical housing including an interior surface having a first circular shape; an electrode stack disposed within the housing and comprising: a plurality of anodes, each anode comprising one of the plurality of first conductive tabs; a plurality of cathodes, each cathode comprising one of the plurality of second conductive tabs, wherein the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern; and a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes; and Positive terminal; Negative terminal; a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs and the negative terminal; a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs and the positive terminal; a support plate disposed proximate to one end of the electrode stack; and A compression spring configured to: providing a compressive force on the support plate and the electrode stack; and displaced when the electrode stack undergoes volume expansion; and Wherein, each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of separators comprises a common component periphery, and the common component periphery comprises: a first portion of the common member perimeter, the first portion comprising a second circular shape to mate with the interior surface; and a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a flat side configured to recede from the first circular shape of the interior surface; wherein the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of anodes, the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of cathodes, and the second portion of the common member perimeter of each of the plurality of separators are aligned and create an area between the electrode stack and the interior surface; and Wherein, the plurality of first conductive contacts, the plurality of second conductive contacts, the first electrical connector, and the second electrical connector are arranged in the region between the electrode stack and the inner surface.

10. An electrode stack for use in a cylindrical battery cell, the electrode stack comprising: a plurality of anodes, each anode comprising one of the plurality of first conductive tabs; a plurality of cathodes, each cathode comprising one of the plurality of second conductive tabs, wherein the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes are arranged in an alternating pattern; and a plurality of separators, wherein one of the plurality of separators is disposed between each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes; and a first electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of first conductive tabs; and a second electrical connector attached to each of the plurality of second conductive tabs; and Wherein, each of the plurality of anodes, the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of separators comprises a common component periphery, and the common component periphery comprises: a first portion of the common component periphery, the first portion comprising a circular shape configured to mate with a circular interior surface of a housing of the cylindrical battery cell; and a second portion of the common member perimeter, the second portion including a flat side configured to recede from the circular interior surface; wherein the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of anodes, the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of cathodes, and the second portion of the periphery of the common component of each of the plurality of diaphragms are aligned and configured to create an area between the electrode stack and the circular interior surface.

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