A high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, which includes an antenna array, a metal floor and an array base. The antenna array adopts a multi-element structure and includes eight antenna elements. Each antenna element includes a parasitic layer, a microstrip antenna layer, a feed network layer and a metal cylindrical cavity structure. The parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, the feed network layer and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are sequentially supported and assembled by dielectric support columns from top to bottom. The feed network layer adopts a microstrip-type branch-line directional coupler. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, uses the form of a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, broadens its impedance bandwidth by adjusting the size and height of the parasite, and strengthens a metal cylindrical cavity at the bottom layer of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and particularly to a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. In many cases, a single antenna can well complete the work of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic energy. However, a single antenna often cannot meet the technical requirements such as high gain, low sidelobe, and specific beam. An antenna array composed of discrete antenna elements arranged in a special form can meet these requirements. The electrical performance of an array antenna is closely related to the form of the antenna array element, the excitation coefficient, the aperture of the antenna array, and the installation environment of the antenna.

[0003] Microstrip arrays have been widely studied and promoted due to their simple structure, low cost, and higher gain compared to a single microstrip antenna. Traditional array feeding methods include series feeding, parallel feeding, adding a feeding network, or using an integrated hybrid. However, when it is necessary to be compatible with high-gain and wide-beam working modes or when a relatively wide circular polarization working bandwidth is required in an application, the performance of a single microstrip is significantly insufficient. Obviously, relying on the concept of a microstrip array, it is also of great theoretical significance and engineering application prospects to study and improve its circular polarization working bandwidth and broaden its beam coverage.

[0004] Traditional single microstrip antennas or planar printed forms, and this form of antenna can be collectively referred to as planar microstrip antennas. The forms for them to achieve circular polarization include using a self-phase shift structure form or using a directional coupler that can provide a 90° phase difference. Although rich research results have also been achieved, there are still many challenges. Such as the relatively narrow half-power beam width, the failure to achieve a stable radiation pattern in a very wide frequency band, and relatively few studies on the circular polarization axial ratio beam width and a series of other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, which uses a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. By adjusting the size and height of the parasite, its impedance bandwidth is broadened. The microstrip form of branch-line directional couplers are cascaded and integrated to form an eight-element circular polarization feeding network, which has low insertion loss, high polarization purity, and high amplitude consistency. A metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced at the bottom layer of the microstrip network to facilitate enhancing the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0006] The present invention provides a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, including an antenna array, a metal floor, and an array base. The antenna array adopts a multi-element structure and includes eight antenna units. Each antenna unit includes a parasitic layer, a microstrip antenna layer, a feed network layer, and a metal cylindrical cavity structure. The parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, the feed network layer, and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are sequentially supported and assembled by dielectric support columns from top to bottom. The dielectric support columns include a first dielectric support column, a second dielectric support column, a third dielectric support column, and a fourth dielectric support column. The first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column, and the fourth dielectric support column are evenly distributed. The feed network layer adopts a microstrip-type branch-line directional coupler.

[0007] Preferably, the top layer of the antenna unit is the parasitic layer, the middle layer of the antenna unit is the microstrip antenna layer, and the bottom layer of the antenna unit is the feed network layer.

[0008] Preferably, both the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer adopt high-frequency copper-clad laminate materials, and the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer adopt an orthogonal dual-feed structure.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the four dielectric support columns supports the parasitic layer, and the other end of the four dielectric support columns is fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure. The diameter of the dielectric support columns is R, and the distance between the four dielectric support columns is R4.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the parasitic layer is h1, and the gap between the parasitic layer and the microstrip antenna layer is h k , the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer are h2 and R2 respectively,

[0011] Preferably, seven of the antenna units surround a central antenna unit, and a total of eight antenna units form an antenna array.

[0012] Preferably, the eight antenna units are distributed on the metal floor, and an array base is provided below the metal floor.

[0013] Preferably, the feed network layer is formed by cascading eight branch-line directional couplers and a T-type power divider.

[0014] Preferably, the parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, and the feed network layer are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, uses the form of a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, broadens its impedance bandwidth by adjusting the size and height of the parasite, cascades and integrates the microstrip-type branch-line directional coupler to form an eight-element circularly polarized feeding network, which has low insertion loss, high polarization purity and high amplitude consistency, and strengthens a metal cylindrical cavity at the bottom layer of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall antenna array of a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an antenna element of a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to the present invention.

[0019] Reference Signs

[0020] 1. Antenna array; 2. Metal floor; 3. Array base; 11. Parasitic layer; 12. Microstrip antenna layer; 13. Feeding network layer; 14. Metal cylindrical cavity structure; 15. Dielectric support column; 151. First dielectric support column; 152. Second dielectric support column; 153. Third dielectric support column; 154. Fourth dielectric support column. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0023] The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to the present invention includes an antenna array 1, a metal floor 2, and an array base 3. The antenna array 1 adopts a multi-element structure. The antenna array 1 includes eight antenna elements. When the eight antenna elements work together, the signal will be stronger and more stable. Each antenna element includes a parasitic layer 11, a microstrip antenna layer 12, a feed network layer 13, and a metal cylindrical cavity structure 14, realizing precise control of electromagnetic wave radiation and reception.

[0026] The parasitic layer 11, the microstrip antenna layer 12, the feed network layer 13, and the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14 are sequentially supported and assembled and connected from top to bottom by dielectric support posts 15. The dielectric support posts 15 are used to firmly connect the above-mentioned layers of structures together and maintain the relative positional relationship between the layers; making the design, manufacture, and maintenance of the antenna element more flexible and convenient. At the same time, it also provides more possibilities for optimizing the antenna performance, and each layer of structure can be adjusted and improved independently.

[0027] The dielectric support posts 15 include a first dielectric support post 151, a second dielectric support post 152, a third dielectric support post 153, and a fourth dielectric support post 154. The first dielectric support post 151, the second dielectric support post 152, the third dielectric support post 153, and the fourth dielectric support post 154 are evenly distributed to form a stable support frame, effectively preventing the antenna element from deforming or being damaged under the action of external forces. By evenly distributing the dielectric support posts 15, it can ensure that the electromagnetic coupling and radiation performance between the layers of structures are not affected, thereby realizing more stable signal transmission and radiation efficiency. It is of great significance for improving the overall performance and stability of the antenna.

[0028] The feed network layer 13 adopts a microstrip-type branch-line directional coupler to realize power distribution and synthesis of signals. The directional coupler can simultaneously realize the functions of left-handed and right-handed circular polarization. There is no special requirement for left-handed or right-handed, making the antenna have higher flexibility and adaptability during signal transmission and reception.

[0029] The parasitic layer 11, the microstrip antenna layer 12, and the feed network layer 13 are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts. Ensuring the firm connection between the layers, and at the same time being beneficial to the overall structural stability and durability of the antenna.

[0030] The top layer of the antenna element is the parasitic layer 11, which is used to adjust the antenna performance, expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, and improve the flexibility of antenna design; the middle layer of the antenna element is the microstrip antenna layer 12, which is responsible for signal transmission and reception to ensure the impedance matching and signal transmission efficiency of the antenna; the bottom layer of the antenna element is the feeding network layer 13, which transmits signals to or receives signals from the antenna, improves the signal transmission efficiency, enhances the anti-interference ability of the antenna, and reduces the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the antenna performance.

[0031] Both the microstrip antenna layer 12 and the parasitic layer 11 are made of high-frequency copper-clad laminate materials. The parasitic layer 11 is made of high-frequency copper-clad laminate materials to ensure good matching between the parasitic layer 11 and the antenna, reduce signal interference and energy loss. In addition, the excellent thermal conductivity of the high-frequency copper-clad material also helps to reduce the heat generated by the parasitic layer 11 during operation and improve the overall heat dissipation effect of the antenna.

[0032] The use of high-frequency copper-clad laminate materials for the microstrip antenna layer 12 can provide stable electrical performance, reduce signal loss during transmission, and ensure efficient radiation of the antenna within the specified frequency band; at the same time, it helps to control the dimensional stability of the antenna at different temperatures, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of the antenna.

[0033] The microstrip antenna layer 12 and the parasitic layer 11 adopt an orthogonal dual-feed structure. The orthogonal dual-feed structure realizes right-handed circular polarization, which helps to optimize the overall performance of the antenna, including improving the isolation degree and reducing signal interference.

[0034] One end of the four dielectric support posts 15 supports the parasitic layer 11, and the other end of the four dielectric support posts 15 is fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14. The diameter of the dielectric support posts 15 is R, and the distance between the four dielectric support posts 15 is R4.

[0035] The dielectric support posts 15 provide a stable support for the parasitic layer 11, ensuring the stability and reliability of the parasitic layer 11 during the operation of the antenna. This is crucial for maintaining the overall performance of the antenna.

[0036] The dielectric support posts 15 also play a role in electrical isolation, preventing direct electrical contact between the parasitic layer 11 and the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14, thereby avoiding possible short-circuit or signal interference problems. Ensure that the relative position between the parasitic layer 11 and the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14 remains unchanged, thereby maintaining the stable radiation performance of the antenna.

[0037] The thickness of the parasitic layer 11 is h1, and the gap between the parasitic layer 11 and the microstrip antenna layer 12 is h k , and the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer 12 are h2 and R2 respectively.

[0038] An antenna array 1 is formed by seven antenna elements surrounding a central antenna element, for a total of eight antenna elements. The eight antenna elements are distributed on a metal floor 2, and an array base 3 is provided below the metal floor 2. This helps to optimize the directivity and gain of the antenna array 1. By adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna element, the radiation direction of the entire antenna array 1 becomes more concentrated, thereby improving the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. Through the collaborative work of multiple antenna elements, precise positioning and velocity measurement of the target are achieved; there are multiple advantages such as central symmetry, optimized directivity, diverse applications, and scalability and flexibility.

[0039] The feeding network layer 13 is formed by cascading eight branch-line directional couplers and T-shaped power dividers. It realizes the power distribution, synthesis, and phase adjustment of signals, constructing a feeding network with complex power distribution and phase adjustment functions; according to actual requirements, the power distribution ratio and phase relationship of each antenna element are adjusted, thereby optimizing the performance such as the directivity and gain of the antenna array 1. At the same time, the cascading design also has a certain degree of flexibility and can be customized and optimized according to different application scenarios.

[0040] The bandwidth of the branch-line directional coupler meets the working bandwidth requirements of the antenna, realizes harmonic suppression, and further improves the performance of the antenna. The insertion loss of the branch-line directional coupler is 0.02 dB. The insertion loss of the entire feeding network is very small, and the antenna gain meets the gain index requirements, which means that the signal hardly loses power when passing through the branch directional coupler, thus helping to ensure that the antenna can receive sufficient signal strength to maintain its normal operation and meet the gain index requirements.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, uses the form of a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, and broadens its impedance bandwidth by adjusting the size and height of the parasite. The branch-line directional couplers in microstrip form are cascaded and integrated to form an eight-element circularly polarized feeding network, which has low insertion loss, high polarization purity, and high amplitude consistency. A metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced at the bottom layer of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, characterized in that: It comprises an antenna array, a metal floor and an array base, wherein the antenna array adopts a multi-element structure, the antenna array comprises eight antenna units, each of the antenna units comprises a parasitic layer, a microstrip antenna layer, a feed network layer and a metal cylindrical cavity structure, the parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, the feed network layer and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are supported, assembled and connected by dielectric support columns from top to bottom in sequence, the dielectric support columns comprise a first dielectric support column, a second dielectric support column, a third dielectric support column and a fourth dielectric support column, the first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column are evenly distributed, and the feed network layer adopts a microstrip branch line directional coupler; The top layer of the antenna unit is a parasitic layer, the middle layer of the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna layer, and the bottom layer of the antenna unit is a feed network layer; The microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer are both made of high-frequency copper-clad plate material, and the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer are both made of orthogonal dual-feed structure; The thickness of the parasitic layer is h1, and the gap between the parasitic layer and the microstrip antenna layer is h k , the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer are h2 and R2 respectively; The feed network layer is formed by cascading eight branch line directional couplers and T-type power dividers.

2. According to claim 1, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure is characterized in that: One end of the first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column supports the parasitic layer, and the other ends of the first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column are fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure, the diameter of the dielectric support column is R, and the spacing between the four dielectric support columns is R4.

3. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seven antenna units surround a central antenna unit, with a total of eight antenna units forming an antenna array.

4. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The eight antenna units are distributed on a metal floor, and an array base is arranged under the metal floor.

5. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic layer, microstrip antenna layer and feeding network layer are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts.

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