Method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seed harvesting, and discloses a method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds and application. The method comprises the steps of fruit harvesting, deseeding treatment, seed drying and germination test. Under the same treatment duration, compared with a natural fermentation method, the method has the advantages that the seed harvesting efficiency is obviously improved; under the same genetic background and germination condition, the germination rate of the harvested seeds is obviously higher than that of the seeds harvested by a natural fermentation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed harvesting, and in particular relates to a method and application for convenient and efficient harvesting of tomato seeds. Background Art

[0002] As an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Solanum in the Solanaceae family, tomato is one of the most widely planted vegetable crops in the world and is also a model plant for studying fruit growth and development. Tomato fruit is rich in carotene, lycopene, vitamin C, etc., and has high nutritional value. As a juicy berry, tomato fruit is mainly composed of pulp and pulp. The pulp consists of the placenta including seeds and the cavity. The cavity of the mature fruit is jelly-like, and the seeds are wrapped in it.

[0003] When harvesting tomato seeds, if there is a lot of pulp and pulp on the seeds, it may cause a large number of microorganisms to multiply, causing the seeds to carry pathogens such as damping-off, leaf mold, virus disease, early blight, wilt, bacterial blight and canker. Not only does it affect seed germination, it may also cause huge economic losses. Therefore, when harvesting seeds, removing the gelatinous film and pulp on the surface of the seeds is a necessary step to reduce the amount of bacteria on the seeds and improve seed vitality.

[0004] At present, natural fermentation is widely used in production to harvest tomatoes. The process is as follows: pick healthy and mature tomato fruits; cut the fruits into two halves, dig out the seed liquid and pour it into a container; seal the seed liquid for 2-3 days, and when a white bacterial film appears on the upper layer of the seed liquid, it indicates that the fermentation is successful. At this time, stop the fermentation and add water to the seed liquid, stir and wash; place the washed seeds in a cool, ventilated and dry place to dry, and put them into paper bags and store them in the warehouse after the moisture content of the seeds is less than 12%.

[0005] By comparison, it can be found that the existing seed harvesting methods have the following obvious shortcomings: the seed liquid needs to be fermented in a container for 2-3 days before the next step can be carried out. This process is time-consuming and reduces the seed harvesting efficiency; the foul smelling and corrupt gases generated during the fermentation of the seed liquid diffuse in the air, causing environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a method and application for convenient and efficient harvesting of tomato seeds.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows: a method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds, the method comprising:

[0008] S1, fruit harvesting, picking fruits that are healthy and 80% to 90% mature with good growth momentum, cutting the fruits horizontally, and then digging out and collecting the seed liquid;

[0009] S2, deseeding, using a measuring cylinder to measure the seed solution and pouring it into a glass container, then adding a corresponding volume of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution so that the working concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.04 mol / L, stirring and mixing with a glass rod, and then standing at room temperature of about 28° C. for 0, 4 hours and 64 hours respectively, washing to remove impurities, collecting seeds, and draining water;

[0010] S3, drying, spreading the seeds cleaned in S2 to dry in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment, and drying, and when the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, storing them in a 4°C cold storage;

[0011] S4, conduct seed germination test, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

[0012] Further, in step S2, the seed solution and the corresponding volume of dilute hydrochloric acid are measured, stirred and mixed, and then allowed to stand for a period of time at room temperature of about 28°C, including: 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, standing for 0 hours, seed solution / hydrochloric acid = 49:1.

[0013] Further, in step S2, the seed solution and the corresponding volume of dilute hydrochloric acid are measured, stirred and mixed, and then allowed to stand for a period of time at room temperature of about 28°C, including: 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, allowed to stand for 4 hours, seed solution / hydrochloric acid = 49:1.

[0014] Further, in step S2, the seed solution and a corresponding volume of dilute hydrochloric acid are measured, stirred and mixed, and then allowed to stand for a period of time at room temperature of about 28°C, which also includes: 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, standing for 64 hours, seed solution / hydrochloric acid = 49:1.

[0015] In step S4, the seed germination test includes: taking 50-100 seeds dried in step S3, wrapping them with gauze and marking them, soaking them in 55°C water for 30 minutes; then taking them out and placing them at room temperature of about 28°C for 3 hours; then opening the gauze bag, evenly spreading the seeds in a glass dish with a lid and a bottom covered with a piece of wet filter paper respectively, closing the lid and transferring them to a plant growth incubator, with a light of 0 Lux, a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 60%, and dark culture for 4 days; taking out the culture dish, counting the germination situation, and calculating the germination rate.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds in harvesting seeds of the genus Solanum in the family Solanaceae.

[0017] In combination with all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the existing natural fermentation method, the dilute hydrochloric acid standing method provided by the present invention significantly shortens the time required for impurities such as pectin to be separated from seeds, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of seed harvesting; the method provided by the present invention does not produce corrupt gas during the seed harvesting process, and is friendly to the operator and the environment; the present invention analyzes the seed harvesting effect and seed germination rate of different dilute hydrochloric acid treatment times, and the test results show that in a shorter standing time, dilute hydrochloric acid can achieve the purpose of removing the colloid on the surface of the seeds.

[0018] In addition, when the germination rates of seeds treated with different methods were counted, the treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid significantly increased the germination rate of seeds. Specifically, under the same genetic background and germination conditions, the germination rate of seeds harvested by the dilute hydrochloric acid static method was close to 80%, while the germination rate of seeds obtained by the natural fermentation method was close to 70%. The weakly corrosive dilute hydrochloric acid may have stimulated the seeds with lower vitality in some way, making them have higher potential for germination than the natural fermentation method under the same germination conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a statistical analysis of the number of clean seeds harvested by different treatment methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 The germination conditions of seeds harvested by different treatment methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a statistical analysis of the germination rates of seeds harvested in different treatment modes provided in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0025] The innovation of the present invention is: (1) harvesting healthy and mature fruits and digging out seed liquid; (2) adding a corresponding volume of dilute hydrochloric acid to the seed liquid to remove seeds and wash out impurities; (3) drying and storing the washed seeds; (4) soaking the dried seeds in warm water and conducting a germination test. The tomato seed harvesting method of the present invention can realize convenient and efficient harvesting of tomato seeds.

[0026] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the method for convenient and efficient harvesting of tomato seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0027] S1, fruit harvesting, picking healthy and ripe fruits, cutting the fruits crosswise, digging out the seed liquid and collecting it;

[0028] S2, deseeding, measuring the seed solution with a measuring cylinder and pouring it into a glass container; adding a corresponding volume of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution to make the working concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol / L, stirring and mixing with a glass rod, and standing at room temperature of 28° C. for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours respectively to separate the flesh, mucus and jelly from the seeds, washing to remove impurities, collecting the seeds, and draining the water;

[0029] S3, drying, spreading the washed seeds flat and air-drying them in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment, and drying them. When the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, they are stored in a 4°C cold storage;

[0030] S4, conduct seed germination test, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

[0031] Example 2, as another embodiment of the present invention, the method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0032] Step 1: Fruit harvesting: picking fruits that are healthy, 80% to 90% mature, cutting the fruits horizontally, and then digging out and collecting the seed liquid;

[0033] Step 2, deseeding, using a measuring cylinder to measure 19.6 mL of seed solution and pouring it into a glass container, then adding 0.4 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution to make the working concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol / L, stirring with a glass rod and then standing at room temperature of about 28°C for 0 hours, washing to remove impurities, collecting seeds, and draining water;

[0034] Step 3, drying, spreading the seeds washed in step 2 in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment to dry, and when the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, they can be stored in a 4°C cold storage;

[0035] Step 4, seed germination test, take 50-100 dry seeds, wrap them with gauze and mark them, soak them in 55°C water for 30 minutes; then take them out and place them at room temperature of about 28°C for 3 hours; then open the gauze bag, evenly spread the seeds in a glass dish with a lid and a bottom covered with a piece of wet filter paper respectively, close the lid and transfer them to a plant growth incubator, light 0Lux, temperature 25°C, humidity 60%, dark culture for 4 days; take out the culture dish, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

[0036] Example 3, as another embodiment of the present invention, the method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0037] Step 1: Fruit harvesting: picking fruits that are healthy, 80% to 90% mature, cutting the fruits horizontally, and then digging out and collecting the seed liquid;

[0038] Step 2, deseeding, using a measuring cylinder to measure 19.6 mL of seed solution and pouring it into a glass container, then adding 0.4 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution to make the working concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol / L, stirring with a glass rod and leaving it at room temperature of about 28°C for 4 hours, washing to remove impurities, collecting seeds, and draining water;

[0039] Step 3, drying, spreading the seeds washed in step 2 in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment to dry, and when the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, they can be stored in a 4°C high-temperature cold storage;

[0040] Step 4, seed germination test, take 50 to 100 dry seeds, wrap them with gauze and mark them, soak them in 55°C water for 30 minutes; then take them out and place them at room temperature of about 28°C for 3 hours; then open the gauze bag, evenly spread the seeds in a glass dish with a lid and a bottom covered with a piece of wet filter paper respectively, close the lid and transfer them to a plant growth incubator, light 0 Lux, temperature 25°C, humidity 60%, dark culture for 4 days; take out the culture dish, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

[0041] Example 4, as another embodiment of the present invention, the method for conveniently and efficiently harvesting tomato seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0042] Step 1: Fruit harvesting: picking fruits that are healthy, 80% to 90% mature, cutting the fruits horizontally, and then digging out and collecting the seed liquid;

[0043] Step 2, deseeding, using a measuring cylinder to measure 19.6 mL of seed solution and pouring it into a glass container, then adding 0.4 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution to make the working concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol / L, stirring and mixing with a glass rod, and then standing at room temperature of about 28°C for 64 hours, washing to remove impurities, collecting seeds, and draining water;

[0044] Step 3, drying, spreading the seeds washed in step 2 in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment to dry, and when the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, they can be stored in a 4°C cold storage;

[0045] Step 4, seed germination test, take 50-100 dry seeds, wrap them with gauze and mark them, soak them in 55°C water for 30 minutes; then take them out and place them at room temperature of about 28°C for 3 hours; then open the gauze bag, evenly spread the seeds in a glass dish with a lid and a bottom covered with a piece of wet filter paper respectively, close the lid and transfer them to a plant growth incubator, light 0Lux, temperature 25°C, humidity 60%, dark culture for 4 days; take out the culture dish, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

[0046] As another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an application of the convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds in harvesting seeds of the genus Solanum in the family Solanaceae.

[0047] It can be seen from the above examples that the present invention explores the relationship between the treatment time of dilute hydrochloric acid and the cleanliness and germination ability of seeds. Compared with the currently widely used natural fermentation method, it can not only harvest clean seeds within a few hours, but also significantly improve the germination rate of the obtained seeds. The present invention will greatly improve the seed harvesting efficiency and seed activity in production, and will bring significant economic benefits.

[0048] There is no reported method for harvesting tomato seeds using chemical reagents. The natural fermentation method requires several days for fermentation, and a large amount of foul-smelling and corrupt gases will be produced during the fermentation process, polluting the air and posing a health hazard to the harvesters. The present invention can avoid the above risks. The present invention is the first in the field of seed harvesting to efficiently harvest clean tomato seeds using the weak corrosiveness of dilute hydrochloric acid.

[0049] Experiments show that:

[0050] Compared with the existing "natural fermentation method", the "dilute hydrochloric acid soaking method" provided by the present invention significantly shortens the time required for impurities such as pectin to fall off from the seed surface, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of seed harvesting; the method provided by the present invention does not produce corrupt gas during the seed harvesting process, and is friendly to operators and the environment; the present invention analyzes the seed harvesting effect and seed germination rate under different soaking times in dilute hydrochloric acid, and the test results show that the purpose of removing the colloid on the seed surface can be achieved by soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid in a relatively short time.

[0051] In addition, when counting the germination rates of seeds with different treatments, soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid significantly increased the germination rate of seeds. Specifically, under the same genetic background and germination conditions, the germination rate of seeds harvested by the dilute hydrochloric acid soaking method was close to 80%, while the germination rate of seeds obtained by the natural fermentation method was approximately 70%. The weakly corrosive dilute hydrochloric acid may have stimulated the seeds with lower vitality in some way, making them have a higher germination potential than the natural fermentation method under the same germination conditions. The statistical analysis of the number of clean seeds harvested by different treatments is shown in the figure below. Figure 2 shown.

[0052] About 100 dried seeds were taken from the natural fermentation for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours and the dilute hydrochloric acid soaking for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours, and the number of clean seeds without obvious impurities such as pectin on the surface was counted, and the proportion of the total number was calculated. The data are expressed as mean ± SD, 3 biological replicates, and the one-tailed ANOVA test was used for significance analysis, P-value < 0.05.

[0053] A is the germination of dry seeds harvested after soaking in 0.04mol / L hydrochloric acid for 0 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days; B is the germination of dry seeds harvested after soaking in 0.04mol / L hydrochloric acid for 4 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days; C is the germination of dry seeds harvested after soaking in 0.04mol / L hydrochloric acid for 64 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days; D is the germination of dry seeds harvested after natural fermentation for 0 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days; E is the germination of dry seeds harvested after natural fermentation for 4 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days; F is the germination of dry seeds harvested after natural fermentation for 64 hours and cultured in the dark for 4 days. Among them, the germination of seeds harvested by different treatments is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0054] The number of seeds that turned white after 4 days of dark culture of dry seeds that were naturally fermented for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours and soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours was counted, and the proportion of the total number was calculated. The data are represented by mean ± SD, 3 biological replicates, and one-tailed ANOVA test was used for significance analysis, P-value < 0.05. Among them, the statistical analysis of seed germination rate harvested by different treatments is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds, characterized in that: The method includes: S1, fruit harvesting, picking fruits with good growth momentum, health and 80% to 90% maturity, cutting the fruits horizontally, digging out the seed liquid and collecting it; S2, deseeding, measuring the seed solution with a measuring cylinder and pouring it into a glass container; adding a corresponding volume of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the seed solution to make the working concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol / L, stirring and mixing with a glass rod, and standing at room temperature of 28° C. for 0 hours, 4 hours and 64 hours respectively to separate the flesh, mucus and jelly from the seeds, washing to remove impurities, collecting the seeds, and draining the water; S3, drying, spreading the washed seeds flat and air-drying them in a 37°C drying oven or in a cool, ventilated, dry environment, and drying them. When the moisture content of the seeds is ≤12%, they are stored in a 4°C cold storage; S4, conduct seed germination test, count the germination situation, and calculate the germination rate.

2. The method for convenient and efficient harvesting of tomato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, standing for 0 hours, seed solution / hydrochloric acid = 49:

1.

3. The convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid was allowed to stand for 4 hours, and the ratio of seed solution to hydrochloric acid was 49:

1.

4. The convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid was allowed to stand for 64 hours, and the ratio of seed solution to hydrochloric acid was 49:

1.

5. The convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the seed germination test includes: taking 50-100 dry seeds, wrapping them with gauze and marking them, soaking them in 55°C water for 30 minutes; then taking them out and placing them at room temperature of 28°C for 3 hours; opening the gauze bag, evenly spreading the seeds in a glass dish with a lid and a bottom covered with a piece of wet filter paper respectively, closing the lid and transferring them to a plant growth incubator, with a light of 0 Lux, a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 60%, and dark culture for 4 days; taking out the culture dish, counting the germination situation, and calculating the germination rate.

6. Use of the convenient and efficient method for harvesting tomato seeds as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in harvesting seeds of the genus Solanum in the family Solanaceae.

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