Mechanical planting, managing and harvesting method for improving ratooning rice per unit area yield through agricultural machinery and agricultural technology integration

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical planting, managing and harvesting method for improving ratooning rice per unit yield through agricultural machinery and agricultural technology integration. The method comprises the following steps that seeds are pretreated; sowing and seedling raising; a wide-narrow row rice transplanter is used for wide-narrow row alternate rice transplanting; when first-season rice is harvested, a ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and a narrow crawler belt is adopted for harvesting; the crawler belt of the ratooning rice combine harvester with the wide header and the narrow crawler belt is located in the ridge space. When season rice is harvested, a ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and a narrow crawler belt is adopted for harvesting. The operation wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the operation wheel track of the high-ground-clearance plant protection machine, the operation wheel track of the inter-row intertillage weeding machine and the track gauge of the ratooning rice combine harvester with the wide header and the narrow track are the same; the rolling rate of ratooning rice can be reduced in the period from rice transplanting to harvesting, and meanwhile the germination rate of dormant buds of the ratooning rice is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of regenerated rice planting and management, and in particular to a mechanized planting, management and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of regenerated rice. Background Art

[0002] Ratoon rice is a high-yield rice that can be planted once and harvested twice. It is improved by screening traditional rice varieties. Ratoon rice has the advantages of good rice quality and high unit price, which has won praise from rice farmers and consumers. It has been widely planted in rice-growing areas.

[0003] However, during the planting, management and harvesting of regenerated rice, the rice will be crushed when the first season rice is harvested, and the crushing of rice stubble during harvesting cannot be avoided by simply relying on the optimization and improvement of agricultural machinery. In the past, the traditional rice planting management method was mostly used in the planting, management and harvesting of regenerated rice, which was difficult to meet its precise, low-loss and high-yield production needs. The rice planting row spacing is generally 200mm-300mm, and the width of the combine harvester track width is about 550mm. Therefore, when harvesting regenerated rice, each track must crush at least 2-3 rows of rice, and the crushing rate is as high as 50%. The crushed rice buds are severely damaged, resulting in less germination, and ultimately leading to a reduction in the yield of regenerated rice. At the same time, due to the small rice planting row spacing, it is difficult to achieve field mechanized management of plant protection machines and weeders, resulting in increased planting costs, reduced yields, and reduced farmers' income.

[0004] Patent CN110679415B proposes a "Method for high-quality cultivation of mechanically harvested regenerated rice to avoid mechanical crushing". The planting method in the patent reserves a row width of 60 cm, and the planting density is reduced by 33.3%. The first season yield at harvest is less than that of the conventional planting method, and ultimately the total yield is also less than that of the conventional planting method. Therefore, the solution described in the patent has little promotion value in terms of increasing rice yield and promoting grain harvest. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanized planting, management and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice. The method combines the agricultural machinery and agronomy of each link of regenerated rice variety selection, seed treatment, sowing and seedling raising, seedling transplanting, first-season rice field management, first-season rice harvesting, regeneration season rice field management and regeneration season rice harvesting, while ensuring the yield of first-season rice, completely solving the problem of crushing in the first-season rice harvesting process, increasing the yield of rice in the regeneration season, thereby increasing the regenerated rice yield and ensuring food security.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0007] A mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving the yield of regenerated rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Pretreatment of seeds;

[0009] sowing and raising seedlings;

[0010] Use wide and narrow row transplanter to transplant rice seedlings in wide and narrow rows alternately;

[0011] During the growth period of rice in the field, fertilization is carried out based on the variable fertilization method based on real-time fertility detection to ensure soil fertility; during the growth period of rice in the field, physical weeding is carried out through inter-row tillage weeders, and pests and diseases are controlled through high-clearance plant protection machines to ensure the yield of regenerated rice;

[0012] When harvesting the first season rice, a regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are located between ridges, and the first season regenerated rice is harvested straight without being crushed, thereby avoiding damage to dormant buds and ensuring the germination of dormant buds of rice in the regenerated season, so as to increase the yield of regenerated rice in the regenerated season;

[0013] When harvesting rice in the ratoon season, a ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are located between ridges, and the ratoon rice is harvested straight without crushing in the ratoon season;

[0014] Among them, the operating wheel track of the wide and narrow row transplanter, the operating wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, the operating wheel track of the inter-row tillage weeder and the track gauge of the wide harvesting table and narrow track regenerated rice combine harvester are the same, which is used to reduce the crushing rate of regenerated rice from transplanting to harvesting, and at the same time increase the germination rate of dormant buds of regenerated rice.

[0015] Further, the seed pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] Remove the empty grains and impurities from the seeds by screening;

[0017] removing awns from rice seeds by using an awn remover;

[0018] Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and soak them in clean water for 24 to 48 hours;

[0019] When the seeds turn white and the sprouts are longer than 0.5mm, mix the sprouts with insect repellent.

[0020] Further, the sowing and seedling raising specifically comprises the following steps:

[0021] In the field, a whole-disk air-suction seed meter is used for hole sowing, with a sowing accuracy of 2 to 4 seeds per hole, an empty hole rate of ≤1%, and a seed damage rate of ≤0.5%;

[0022] Move the seedling tray after sowing to the darkening room, maintain the temperature in the darkening room at 32-35°C, and maintain the humidity in the darkening room at 45%-60%;

[0023] When the seedlings reach 0.8-1 cm in length, transport them to the nursery field. Transplant them when they are 30-35 days old and have 3.1-3.5 leaves per plant.

[0024] Furthermore, the working wheel splay of the wide and narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel splay of the high ground clearance plant protection machine and the working wheel splay of the inter-row tillage weeder are d 1 =x 1 +y, track gauge d of the regenerated rice combine harvester with wide header and narrow track 1 '=x 1 +y; cutting width d of the regenerated rice combine harvester with wide header and narrow tracks 2 =x 1 +2y+x 2 ; where x 1 For narrow row planting ridge width; x 2 is the ridge width for wide row planting; y is the ridge distance.

[0025] Furthermore, a wide-narrow row transplanter is used to carry out alternate wide-narrow row transplanting, wherein the row spacing of rice plants in the narrow row is 150 mm to 250 mm, the row spacing of rice plants in the wide row is 200 mm to 400 mm, the ridge distance between the wide row and the narrow row is 450 mm to 600 mm; the plant spacing of rice plants is 100 mm to 180 mm; and the operating wheel spacing of the wide-narrow row transplanter is 1050 mm to 1800 mm.

[0026] Furthermore, the planting density of alternating wide and narrow rows is 10,000 to 27,000 holes per mu.

[0027] Furthermore, the high-ground clearance plant protection machine has an operating wheelbase of 1050mm-1800mm and a ground clearance of 700mm-1200mm, and is used for plant protection operations on rice plants of 0 to 1200mm.

[0028] Furthermore, inter-row tillage weeders are used to carry out inter-row tillage weeding in the spaces between wide-row plantings and between wide and narrow rows; the single-row operating width of the inter-row tillage weeder is 300mm-600mm, the number of operating rows is 2-5 rows, and the operating width of the inter-row tillage weeder is 1500mm-2400mm; the operating wheel base of the inter-row tillage weeder is 1050mm-1800mm, and the tillage depth of the inter-row tillage weeder is ≥31mm.

[0029] Furthermore, the track width of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks is 280 mm to 350 mm, and the track gauge is 1050 mm to 1800 mm; the operating cutting width of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks is 1950 mm to 3150 mm.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of the present invention that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice can reduce the crushing rate of regenerated rice from transplanting to harvesting, and at the same time increase the germination rate of dormant buds of regenerated rice by making the working wheel track of wide and narrow row transplanters, the working wheel track of high-clearance plant protection machines, the working wheel track of inter-row tillage and weeding machines, and the track gauge of wide-cutting-table narrow-track regenerated rice combine harvesters the same. The present invention establishes a cultivation technology that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice, forms a fully mechanized standardized technical system and technical regulations for planting, managing and harvesting regenerated rice, and provides technical support for achieving stable and high yields of regenerated rice.

[0032] 2. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice described in the present invention targets the problem of variety selection in the process of regenerated rice cultivation. By screening regenerated rice varieties with good quality, high dormant bud germination rate and high yield that are suitable for planting in different planting areas, it avoids insufficient germination of dormant buds of rice in the regeneration season due to variety problems, thereby affecting the rice yield in the regeneration season.

[0033] 3. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of regenerated rice described in the present invention is aimed at the problems of low sowing accuracy, low efficiency and high seed damage rate in the process of planting regenerated rice. A whole-disk air-suction seed metering device is proposed for precise hole sowing. The sowing accuracy can reach 2 grains / hole (2±1 grains / hole ≥90%), 3 grains / hole (3±1 grains / hole ≥85%), 4 grains / hole (4±1 grains / hole ≥85%), the hole rate is ≤1%, and the seed damage rate is ≤0.5%. The whole-disk air-suction seed metering has the characteristics of low seed damage rate and high precision. At the same time, the sowing efficiency is greatly improved while ensuring the sowing accuracy. The precision hole sowing technology can increase the age of rice seedlings and promote rice tillering, thereby increasing rice yield.

[0034] 4. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of regenerated rice described in the present invention is aimed at the fact that the row spacing during the transplanting process of regenerated rice is certain, and the rice seedlings and rice stubble are easily damaged during the mechanized field management and harvesting of regenerated rice. Therefore, a wide and narrow row spacing planting method suitable for the agronomic requirements of regenerated rice planting is proposed. The row spacing of rice plants in narrow rows is 150mm-250mm, and the row spacing of rice plants in wide rows is 200mm-400mm. The distance between wide rows and narrow rows is 450mm-600mm, so that the distance between wide rows and narrow rows can ensure the passage of plant protection machinery, weeding machinery and harvesting machinery. At the same time, the spacing planting of wide and narrow rows ensures the basic rice seedlings per acre, and realizes the mechanization of regenerated rice planting, management and harvesting while ensuring the yield of regenerated rice.

[0035] 4. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of the present invention that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice is difficult to manage in the fields of first-season rice and regenerated rice, and high-ground clearance plant protection for first-season rice and regenerated rice is proposed. By analyzing the occurrence patterns of rice diseases and insect pests and the real-time occurrence of diseases and insect pests, high-ground clearance plant protection machines are used in a timely manner to realize mechanized plant protection operations. The operating wheel base is 1050mm-1800mm, and the ground clearance is 700-1200mm. Plant protection operations for rice plants with a diameter of 0-1200mm can be realized, and disease and insect pest control of first-season and regenerated rice can be achieved.

[0036] 5. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of the present invention that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of regenerated rice is aimed at the problem of difficulty in weeding in the fields of first-season rice and regenerated rice. A method of intertillage and weeding for wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice is proposed, which can realize intertillage and weeding in the interval areas between wide rows and narrow rows of wide-row regenerated rice. The single-row operating width of the intertillage and weeding machine is 300mm~600mm, the number of operating rows is 2-5 rows, the operating width of the whole machine is 1500mm~2400mm, the operating wheel base is 1050mm-1800mm, and the intertillage depth is ≥31mm.

[0037] 6. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of the present invention that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice is aimed at the problem that the crushing rate of the first-season harvest of regenerated rice is large, resulting in a low germination rate of dormant buds of regenerated rice. A crushing-free harvesting method for the first-season harvest of regenerated rice with wide and narrow rows is proposed, that is, a special combine harvester for regenerated rice with a wide cutting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting. The narrow tracks move between the wide and narrow rows to avoid crushing. The wide cutting table increases the rice cutting width, and its operating cutting width is 1950mm~3150mm, the track width is 280mm~350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm-1800mm, which ensures that there is no crushing during the harvesting process of the first-season rice, ensures the germination of dormant buds of rice in the regeneration season, and increases the yield of regenerated rice in the regeneration season, thereby ultimately increasing the yield of regenerated rice and ensuring food security. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice as described in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of row spacing and plant spacing for wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 It is a real scene picture of wide and narrow row transplanting in the embodiment.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a real-life picture of the first season low-loss harvest of regenerated rice in the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving the yield of regenerated rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0049] Variety selection: Select regenerated rice varieties that are suitable for planting in the area where the land is located, with good quality, high dormant bud germination rate and high yield.

[0050] Seed treatment: Before sowing, the seeds are screened, awned and soaked to ensure that the seeds are free of impurities and white. Specifically, remove the shrunken grains and impurities in the seeds by screening; remove the awns on the rice seeds by using an awn remover; wrap the seeds with a wet cloth and soak them in clean water for 24 to 48 hours; when the seeds are white and the buds are longer than 0.5 mm, mix the buds with insect repellent.

[0051] Seeding and seedling raising: Carry out factory-style whole-tray air-suction precision hole sowing in the field, move the seedling trays after sowing to the darkening room, move them to the field after darkening and emergence, and carry out reasonable water, fertilizer, and light management. Specifically: Use a whole-tray air-suction seed metering device in the field for hole sowing, with a sowing accuracy of 2 seeds / hole (2±1 seeds / hole ≥90%), 3 seeds / hole (3±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), 4 seeds / hole (4±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), a hole rate ≤1%, and a seed injury rate ≤0.5%; move the seedling trays after sowing to the darkening room, maintain the temperature in the darkening room at 32-35°C, and maintain the humidity in the darkening room at 45%-60%; when the seedling length reaches 0.8-1cm, transport the seedlings to the nursery field, and transplant them when the seedling age is 30-35 days and the seedlings reach 3.1-3.5 leaves / plant.

[0052] Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings are suitable for transplanting, use wide and narrow row transplanters to carry out wide and narrow row transplanting that meets the agronomic requirements of rice planting and low-loss harvesting by regenerated rice combine harvesters.

[0053] Field management: During the growth period of rice in the field, fertilization is carried out based on the variable fertilization method of real-time fertility detection to ensure soil fertility; during the growth period of rice in the field, physical weeding is carried out through inter-row tillage weeders, and pests and diseases are controlled through high-ground clearance plant protection machines to ensure the first season yield of regenerated rice. The variable fertilization method is specifically as follows: the rice planting variable fertilization machine obtains the conductivity of the soil in real time through the electrode plates installed on the left and right sides of the front wheel, and obtains the soil resistance distribution based on the obtained conductivity, thereby estimating the soil nutrient distribution, realizing dynamic adjustment of the fertilization amount based on real-time soil fertility detection, and realizing precise fertilization and balanced fertilization based on real-time soil fertility detection in rice fields.

[0054] Harvesting of first-season rice: When the first-season rice is suitable for harvesting, a special combine harvester for regenerated rice with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting. During harvesting, the tracks are located within the ridges, and there is no crushing during the first-season harvesting process of regenerated rice, thereby avoiding damage to dormant buds, ensuring the germination of dormant buds of rice in the regenerating season, and increasing the yield of regenerated rice in the regenerating season.

[0055] Field management: Carry out variable fertilization based on real-time fertility detection to ensure soil fertility, and cooperate with high-gap plant protection to achieve rice disease and pest control in the regeneration season.

[0056] Regenerated rice harvesting: The regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are located between ridges, and the regenerated rice can be harvested in a straight line without crushing during the regenerating season.

[0057] The working wheel track of the wide and narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high-clearance plant protection machine, the working wheel track of the inter-row tillage weeder and the track gauge of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are the same, so that the crushing rate of the regenerated rice is reduced during the period from transplanting to harvesting, while the germination rate of dormant buds of the regenerated rice is increased, the yield of the regenerated rice in the regeneration season is increased, and finally the yield per unit area of ​​the regenerated rice is increased.

[0058] Wide and narrow row planting of ratoon rice Figure 2 As shown in the figure, x 1 For narrow row planting ridge width; x 2 is the width of the wide row planting ridge; y is the distance between ridges; d 1 The working wheel width of the wide and narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel width of the high-clearance plant protection machine, and the working wheel width of the inter-row tillage weeder, d 1 It is also the track gauge of the regenerated rice combine harvester with wide header and narrow track. 1 ' means; d 2 The cutting width of the ratoon rice combine harvester.

[0059] The row spacing and plant spacing of ratoon rice are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, m is the distance between plants of regenerated rice, referred to as plant spacing. n is the distance between rows of regenerated rice plants, referred to as row spacing. Traditional rice planting generally adopts equal row spacing. In the present invention, the plant spacing remains unchanged, and the row spacing is adjusted to wide rows and narrow rows. The wide rows and narrow rows are each ridged. The distance between ridges is the ridge distance y, which is the key to ensure the field management of regenerated rice, straight rows without crushing and low loss during the harvest process.

[0060] The row spacing of rice plants in narrow rows is 150mm-250mm, the row spacing of rice plants in wide rows is 200mm-400mm, the ridge distance between wide rows and narrow rows is 450mm-600mm; the plant spacing of rice plants is 100mm-180mm; the operating wheel spacing of the wide and narrow row transplanter is 1050mm-1800mm. The planting density of alternate wide and narrow row transplanting is 10,000 holes-27,000 holes per mu. The operating wheel spacing of the high-ground clearance plant protection machine is 1050mm-1800mm, and the ground clearance is 700mm-1200mm, which is used for plant protection operations on 0-1200mm rice plants. Inter-row weeding machines are used to carry out weeding in the inter-row areas between wide-row planting and between wide and narrow rows; the inter-row weeding machine has a single-row operating width of 300mm to 600mm, 2 to 5 operating rows, and an operating width of 1500mm to 2400mm; the operating wheelbase of the inter-row weeding machine is 1050mm-1800mm, and the cultivating depth of the inter-row weeding machine is ≥31mm. The track width of the wide header and narrow crawler regenerated rice combine harvester is 280mm to 350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm-1800mm; the operating cutting width of the wide header and narrow crawler regenerated rice combine harvester is 1950mm to 3150mm.

[0061] Example

[0062] In order to verify the effectiveness of the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy proposed in the patent of this invention, an experiment on the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of regenerated rice was carried out at the Hekou Village Experimental Base, Dunshang Street, Guichi District, Chizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0063] To ensure the validity of the results, this experiment selected three identical 5-mu experimental fields in the experimental base, namely, Experimental Field 1, Experimental Field 2 and Experimental Field 3. Experimental Field 1 adopted the traditional planting mode, while Experimental Field 2 and Experimental Field 3 adopted the planting, management and harvesting methods of the present invention.

[0064] During the experiment, Tailiangyou 1332, which was recommended by the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and suitable for widespread cultivation in Chizhou area, was selected as the regenerated rice variety for this experiment.

[0065] In early March, the diseased grains, broken grains, shrunken grains and impurities in the Tailiangyou 1332 rice seeds were first screened and removed, and then the rice seeds were de-awned using a rice seed de-awning machine.

[0066] In late March, soak the rice seeds. Put the seeds in a wet cloth and soak them in 30℃ clean water for 24-48 hours, turning them over every 12 hours. Stop soaking when the seeds turn white and the sprouts are about 0.5mm long. Mix the sprouts with imidacloprid, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, etc. to prepare for sowing.

[0067] In late March, the whole tray air suction rice precision hole seeding seeder was used for sowing. The mixed seeds were placed in the seed box of the seeder. The sowing amount was 3 seeds / hole, and the sowing accuracy reached 3±1 seeds / hole≥85%. The mass of seeds sown in each seedling tray was 35-45g. The processes of laying bottom soil, pressing holes, precision hole sowing, sprinkling water, covering topsoil and stacking trays were completed at one time, and the seeding trays were moved to the darkening room for darkening. The temperature in the darkening room was kept at 32-35℃ and the humidity was 60%. When the seedlings reached 0.8-1cm in length, the seedlings were transported to the seedling field to ensure the water content in the seedling field during the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings were 30-35 days old and the seedlings reached 3.1-3.5 leaves / plant, they were transplanted.

[0068] In late April, a traditional rice transplanter was used to transplant rice seedlings in the experimental field 1. The rice plant spacing was 140 mm, the row spacing was 250 mm, and the planting density was 19057 holes per mu. The schematic diagram of the wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice in this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a wide-narrow row transplanter was used to transplant rice seedlings in the experimental field 2, with a plant spacing m of 140 mm, 4 wide and narrow rows per ridge, and a row spacing n between narrow rows. 2 200mm evenly distributed, wide row, n 12 =n 34 =200mm, n 23 =300mm, ridge spacing y=500mm, planting density is 16571 holes per mu; wide and narrow row transplanter is used to transplant rice seedlings in experimental field 3, the plant spacing m is 120mm, 4 rows per ridge of wide and narrow rows, and the row spacing between narrow rows n 2 200mm evenly distributed, wide row, n 12 =n 34 =200mm, n 23 =300mm, ridge spacing y=500mm, and planting density is 19333 holes per mu.

[0069] According to the test of this embodiment, the track gauge and cutting width meet the parameter requirements of mechanized harvesting, that is, the wheel gauge d of the high-clearance plant protection machine, the inter-row inter-row weeding machine 1 and the track gauge d of the combine harvester 1 ' are 1200mm, the cutting width of the regenerated rice combine harvester is d 2 =2300mm.

[0070] From late April to early August, rice is managed in the field in a continuous and reasonable manner. After transplanting, variable fertilizer applicators are used to accurately fertilize rice fields with real-time detection of soil fertility. According to the occurrence patterns of first-season rice, pests and diseases, and real-time pest and disease occurrence, high-ground clearance plant protection machines are used in a timely manner to achieve mechanized plant protection operations. The high-ground clearance plant protection machine has an operating wheelbase of 1200mm and a ground clearance of 1200mm to achieve pest and disease control of first-season rice. The agents can be avermectin, methoxyfenozide, triazophos, benzoyl·propiconazole, pymetrozine, pymetrozine·pymetrozine, emamectin benzoate·indoxacarb, etc. At the same time, according to the growth of rice and the occurrence of weeds, if necessary, a tillage weeder is used to carry out tillage weeding in the spaces between wide rows and between wide and narrow rows. The operating width of the tillage weeder is 1700mm, the operating wheel base is 1200mm, and the tillage depth is 31mm. It can carry out harmless green weeding of rice planted in wide and narrow rows.

[0071] In mid-August, the first-season rice is harvested at an appropriate time based on the rice growth conditions and time. The experimental field 1 was harvested using the Ward 4LZ-6.0E Ruilong combine harvester, with a cutting table width of 2200mm, a track width of 550mm, a track gauge of 1250mm, and a stubble height of 15cm; the experimental fields 2 and 3 were operated using the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide cutting table and narrow tracks of the present invention, with a cutting table width of 2300mm, a track width of 280mm, a track gauge of 1200mm, and a stubble height of 15cm, to ensure that there is no crushing during the harvest of the first-season rice. The track width is 280mm, which is less than the ridge-to-ridge distance y, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0072] From mid-August to early October, we should do a good job in field management of the regeneration season rice. During the growth of the regeneration season rice, we should regularly use drones equipped with hyperspectral sensors to quantitatively monitor the nutrients of the regenerated rice in the rice fields, obtain the nutrient distribution data of the regenerated rice, establish a nutrient distribution prescription map, and carry out precise variable fertilization by drones based on the prescription distribution. At the same time, we should carry out pest and disease control. During the heading break period of the regeneration season, we should use high-ground clearance plant protection machines for pesticide application. The pesticides can be avermectin, methoxyfenozide, triazophos, benzoyl·propiconazole, pymetrozine, enidine·pymetrozine, emamectin benzoate·indoxacarb, etc.

[0073] In mid-October, when the ratoon rice was fully mature, the ratoon rice was harvested by using the WODE 4LZ-6.0E Ruilong combine harvester in the experimental field 1. The ratoon rice combine harvester with wide header and narrow crawler of the present invention was used in the experimental fields 2 and 3.

[0074] The test results of this embodiment are as follows:

[0075] Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively show the comparison of rice plant density, first-season rice yield per mu, ratooning season rice yield per mu and total rice yield per mu under different planting methods.

[0076] Table 1 Comparison of rice plant density under different planting methods

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, in the wide and narrow row planting of Experimental Plot 2, the spacing between wide rows was increased while maintaining the plant spacing at 140 mm, which reduced the planting density by 13%; in Experimental Plot 3, the spacing between wide rows was compensated by reducing the plant spacing to 120 mm, which increased the planting density by 1.45%, which was basically the same as conventional planting.

[0079] Table 2 Comparison of first season rice yield per mu under different planting methods

[0080]

[0081] Table 2 shows that when the planting density of experimental plot 2 was reduced by 13%, the yield of the first-season rice remained increased by 3.4%. Due to the large distance between the wide-row plants and good light transmittance, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the group were improved, so that more leaves of a single plant could receive the radiation of light energy, promoting the photosynthesis of the leaves, and making more panicles of a single plant in the boundary area of ​​wide and narrow rows, with a better fruiting rate and higher yield, which made up for the lack of planting density through the marginal effect; compared with experimental plot 2, experimental plot 3 had good overall ventilation under the condition of wide and narrow row planting, which could still ensure the healthy growth of plants at a higher planting density. By reducing the spacing between plants and increasing the planting density, the yield of the first season was further increased. At the same time, through wide and narrow row planting, pest control and field weeding were more effective, and the damage to rice plants caused by field management was reduced, providing an important guarantee for the stable yield of the first-season rice.

[0082] Table 3 Comparison of rice yield per mu in the ratoon season under different planting methods

[0083]

[0084] Table 3 shows that conventional planting in experimental field 1 combined with a general-purpose combine harvester resulted in a higher straight-line crushing rate during harvesting, which damaged the dormant buds on the rice piles; while in experimental field 2 and experimental field 3, the first-season rice was harvested in a straight line without crushing under the wide-narrow row planting method, which avoided damage to the dormant buds on the rice piles and ensured the germination of the dormant buds on the rice piles. In addition, the marginal effect of wide-narrow row planting, combined with mechanized field weeding and pest control, ensured the yield of rice in the ratoon season. The yield of rice in the ratoon season in experimental field 2 and experimental field 3 increased by 41.9% and 57.3% respectively compared with conventional planting.

[0085] Table 4 Comparison of total rice yield per mu under different planting methods

[0086]

[0087] As can be seen from Table 4, through the implementation of the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to increase the yield of regenerated rice proposed in this patent, the full mechanization of regenerated rice production is realized, and the stable yield of the first season rice and the increased yield of the regenerated season rice are guaranteed. It is of great significance to increase the yield of regenerated rice and ensure food security.

[0088] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0089] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving the yield of regenerated rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, characterized in that: The steps include: Pretreatment of seeds; sowing and raising seedlings; Use wide and narrow row transplanter to transplant rice seedlings in wide and narrow rows alternately; During the growth period of rice in the field, fertilization is carried out based on the variable fertilization method based on real-time fertility detection to ensure soil fertility; during the growth period of rice in the field, physical weeding is carried out through inter-row tillage weeders, and pests and diseases are controlled through high-clearance plant protection machines to ensure the yield of regenerated rice; When harvesting the first season rice, a regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are located between ridges, and the first season regenerated rice is harvested straight without being crushed, thereby avoiding damage to dormant buds and ensuring the germination of dormant buds of rice in the regenerated season, so as to increase the yield of regenerated rice in the regenerated season; When harvesting rice in the ratoon season, a ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide harvesting table and narrow tracks are located between ridges, and the ratoon rice is harvested straight without crushing in the ratoon season; Among them, the operating wheel track of the wide and narrow row transplanter, the operating wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, the operating wheel track of the inter-row tillage weeder and the track gauge of the wide harvesting table and narrow track regenerated rice combine harvester are the same, which is used to reduce the crushing rate of regenerated rice from transplanting to harvesting, and at the same time increase the germination rate of dormant buds of regenerated rice.

2. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving the yield of regenerated rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seed pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps: Remove the empty grains and impurities from the seeds by screening; removing awns from rice seeds by using an awn remover; Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and soak them in clean water for 24 to 48 hours; When the seeds turn white and the sprouts are longer than 0.5mm, mix the sprouts with insect repellent.

3. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sowing and seedling raising specifically comprises the following steps: In the field, a whole-disk air-suction seed meter is used for hole sowing, with a sowing accuracy of 2 to 4 seeds per hole, an empty hole rate of ≤1%, and a seed damage rate of ≤0.5%; Move the seedling tray after sowing to the darkening room, maintain the temperature in the darkening room at 32-35°C, and maintain the humidity in the darkening room at 45%-60%; When the seedlings reach 0.8-1 cm in length, transport them to the nursery field. Transplant them when they are 30-35 days old and have 3.1-3.5 leaves per plant.

4. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The working wheel track of the wide and narrow row transplanter, the working wheel track of the high-clearance plant protection machine and the working wheel track of the inter-row tillage weeder are d1=x1+y, the track gauge d1'=x1+y of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide cutting table and narrow tracks; the cutting width d2=x1+2y+x2 of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide cutting table and narrow tracks; wherein x1 is the narrow row planting ridge width; x2 is the wide row planting ridge width; and y is the distance between ridges.

5. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A wide-narrow row transplanter is used to carry out alternate wide-narrow row transplanting, wherein the row spacing of rice plants in the narrow row is 150mm-250mm, the row spacing of rice plants in the wide row is 200mm-400mm, the ridge distance between the wide row and the narrow row is 450mm-600mm; the plant spacing of rice plants is 100mm-180mm; and the operating wheel spacing of the wide-narrow row transplanter is 1050mm-1800mm.

6. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The planting density of alternating wide and narrow rows is 10,000 to 27,000 holes per mu.

7. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-ground clearance plant protection machine has an operating wheelbase of 1050mm-1800mm and a ground clearance of 700mm-1200mm, and is used for plant protection operations on rice plants with a diameter of 0-1200mm.

8. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Inter-row tillage weeders are used to carry out inter-row weeding in the spaces between wide-row plantings and between wide and narrow rows; the single-row operating width of the inter-row tillage weeder is 300mm-600mm, the number of operating rows is 2-5 rows, and the operating width of the inter-row tillage weeder is 1500mm-2400mm; the operating wheel spacing of the inter-row tillage weeder is 1050mm-1800mm, and the tillage depth of the inter-row tillage weeder is ≥31mm.

9. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving regenerated rice yield by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crawler width of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide cutting table and narrow crawlers is 280 mm to 350 mm, and the crawler gauge is 1050 mm to 1800 mm; the operating cutting width of the regenerated rice combine harvester with a wide cutting table and narrow crawlers is 1950 mm to 3150 mm.

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