Method for improving flowering uniformity rate of canna edulis ker

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the flowering uniformity rate of canna edulis ker, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural plant cultivation. Comprising the following steps: (1) culturing canna edulis ker until the seedling height is 18-20cm, performing first-time selection and retention, and culturing the first-time selection and retention plants to obtain a first batch of flowering plants; (2) 50-60 days after the first-time selected and retained plants are cultured, second-time selected and retained plants are cultured, and a second batch of flowering plants are obtained; and (3) after the first batch of flowering plants bloom, carrying out first cross pollination, cutting off tillering plants which bloom but cannot successfully carry out cross pollination from base parts, continuing to culture a second batch of flowering plants, and after blooming, carrying out second cross pollination. According to the method, through overwintering management and flowering management in the second year, flowering is advanced by one month, the uniformity rate reaches 90% or above, the average hybridization maturing rate reaches 70%, and the efficiency and success rate of hybridization breeding are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural plant cultivation, and in particular to a method for improving the uniformity of flowering of taro. Background Art

[0002] Canna edulis Ker, also known as banana root, dry root, ginger taro, belongs to Magnoliophyta, Liliopsida, Zingiberales, Cannaceae, Canna, perennial herb, harvested in one year of artificial cultivation. Canna edulis Ker is a multi-purpose economic crop that combines food, energy and feed. It has wide adaptability and strong resistance to stress. It can be planted in front of and behind houses, in mountains and dams.

[0003] Studies have shown that due to the lack of flowering time of taro, short pollen vitality, low vitality, and the inconsistency between the time point of highest pollen vitality and the time when the stigma is most receptive, taro seeds have low fruiting rate, difficulty in hybrid breeding, and difficulty in obtaining fertile seeds, which restricts the selection and improvement of new taro varieties. At present, the selection and breeding of new taro varieties mainly relies on the systematic selection of germplasm resources and natural bud mutation. Few excellent new varieties have been selected, and there has been no report on the selection of new varieties through hybridization, nor any research on regulating the flowering of taro.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method to improve the uniformity of flowering of canna canna and overcome the problem of uneven flowering time of canna canna will help improve the efficiency of canna canna hybrid breeding and is of great significance to promoting the breeding process of new canna canna varieties. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the uniformity of flowering of Canna musa, so as to overcome the problem that the flowering time of Canna musa is not centralized.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for improving the flowering uniformity rate of Canna musa, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) cultivating the canna until the seedling height is 18 to 20 cm, performing a first selection, and cultivating the first selected plants to obtain the first batch of flowering plants;

[0009] (2) 50 to 60 days after the first selected plants are cultured, a second selection is performed, and the second selected plants are cultured to obtain a second batch of flowering plants;

[0010] (3) After the first batch of flowering plants bloom, a first cross-pollination is carried out, and tiller plants that have bloomed but failed to successfully cross-pollinate are cut off from the base, and the second batch of flowering plants are continued to be cultivated. After flowering, a second cross-pollination is carried out.

[0011] Preferably, the taro is a plant that has undergone overwintering management, next spring management, and seedling management.

[0012] Preferably, the time for wintering management is: early to mid-December to early March of the following year;

[0013] The method of wintering management is: when the temperature is below 5℃ or 5 to 6 days before frost comes, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves of the taro 5 to 7 cm from the ground surface, and make them into 4 to 6 cm finely chopped straw, cover them on the taro ridges, 5 to 8 cm thick, and then cover them with 8 to 10 mm thick plastic film.

[0014] Preferably, the management in the spring of the following year is: when the average temperature is greater than 10°C for more than 7 days, remove the ground film, clean up the fine straw and cover the ground film again;

[0015] The method of seedling management is as follows: breaking the film in time after the seedlings begin to emerge, uncovering the ground film when the seedlings are 8 to 10 cm tall, applying fertilizer to the seedlings in a ring ditch, and covering with 6 to 8 cm of soil.

[0016] Preferably, the annular groove is 6 to 8 cm deep, 4 to 5 cm wide, and 5 to 6 cm away from the taro plant;

[0017] The seedling fertilizer comprises urea and potassium sulfate, wherein the application amount of urea is 200-220 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 130-150 kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, the first selection in step (1) is: selecting tillers with a seedling height of 18 to 20 cm for retention, and cutting off the remaining tillers from 3 to 5 cm above the ground surface.

[0019] Preferably, 3 to 5 tillering plants are retained in each nest during the first selection.

[0020] Preferably, the second selection in step (2) is to select a batch of tillers with a seedling height of 18 to 20 cm for retention on the basis of retaining the tillers retained in the first selection, and the remaining tillers are cut off from 3 to 5 cm above the ground surface.

[0021] Preferably, 3 to 5 tiller plants are selected for retention in each nest during the second selection, and the second selection is completed before the first batch of flowering plants blooms.

[0022] Preferably, the first and second cross pollination in step (3) are performed within 1 to 3 days after flowering, at 6:00 to 10:00 every morning;

[0023] The cutting from the base refers to cutting from 8 to 10 cm away from the ground surface.

[0024] The method for improving the uniform flowering rate of canna provided by the present invention is simple to operate, convenient to manage, and highly practical. After planting canna in the first year, the present invention enables flowering to be advanced by about one month through wintering management and flowering management in the second year, and the plants bloom uniformly with a uniform rate of more than 90%, which is 40% higher than that of the control group, and an average hybrid fruiting rate of 70%, which is about 40% higher than that of the control group, making it easy to find suitable flower sources for hybrid breeding and improving the efficiency and success rate of hybrid breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Choose a taro planting plot with plenty of sunlight, deep soil, high fertility, good drainage, where the taro grows neatly, the plants are strong, and there is no disease or insect damage.

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The experiment will start on December 19, 2022 and end in September 2023;

[0029] The experimental site is: Wanfenglin taro planting base in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province;

[0030] The experimental method is:

[0031] 1) 5 days before the arrival of frost, that is, on December 19, 2022, cut the above-ground stems and leaves of the banana canna 5 cm from the ground surface, and make them into 5 cm fine straw, which is covered on the banana canna ridges with a thickness of 5 cm, and then covered with 8 mm thick plastic film;

[0032] 2) On March 15, 2023 (the average temperature is above 10°C for more than 7 days), remove the mulch film, clean the straw covering the ridges of the banana canna, and then cover the mulch film again. When the banana canna seedlings begin to emerge, the film should be broken in time. When the seedlings are 8 cm tall, remove the mulch film, dig a ring ditch 5 cm away from the banana canna plants, with a depth of 6 cm and a width of 4 cm, mix urea and potassium sulfate, and evenly spread them in the ring ditch at a rate of 209 kg of urea and 139 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and cover with 7 cm thick soil. The operations of digging ring ditch and fertilizing are combined with conventional agricultural operations such as inter-row cultivation, soil cultivation, and weeding;

[0033] 3) When the banana taro grows to a seedling height of 20 cm, the first selection is carried out. Five tillers with the same growth as the whole field are selected from each nest and cultivated as the first selection plants. At the same time, other tillers that are less than 20 cm tall and the same as the whole field are cut off from 5 cm above the ground surface to obtain the first batch of flowering plants;

[0034] Within one day after the first batch of plants bloomed, pollination was carried out at 7:00 a.m. every day to carry out hybrid breeding. Ten days after the hybridization was completed, the hybrid fruiting rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. The tillers that had bloomed but failed to be successfully hybridized and pollinated were cut off at a distance of 8 to 10 cm from the ground surface (base);

[0035] 4) 60 days after the first selection and retention began to be cultivated, on the basis of retaining the first selection and retention (the plants that were about to bloom), a batch of tiller plants with a seedling height of 20 cm (this batch was the tiller plants newly grown after the first retention) were selected and retained, and 5 plants were retained in each nest as the second selection and retention plants for cultivation to obtain the second batch of flowering plants. At the same time, other tiller plants whose height was less than the same as the growth of the whole field from 5 cm above the ground were cut off. Similarly, within 1 day after the plants bloomed, pollination was carried out at 7:00 am every day to carry out hybrid breeding. Ten days after the hybridization was completed, the hybrid fruit set rate was calculated, and the flowering time and flowering rate of each batch of plants were also calculated. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The experiment will start on December 12, 2023 and end in September 2023;

[0038] The experimental site is located in the taro planting area in Huchao Township, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province;

[0039] The experimental method is:

[0040] 1) Five days before the arrival of frost, that is, on December 12, 2023, cut the above-ground stems and leaves of the taro 7 cm from the ground surface, and make them into 5 cm finely chopped straw, which is covered on the taro ridges with a thickness of 8 cm, and then covered with 10 mm thick plastic film.

[0041] 2) On March 20, 2024 (the number of days with an average temperature greater than 10°C is more than 7 days), uncover the mulch film, clean the straw covering the ridges of the banana canna, and re-cover the mulch film. When the banana canna begins to emerge, the film should be broken in time. When the seedlings are 10 cm tall, uncover the mulch film, dig a ring ditch 5 cm away from the banana canna plant, with a depth of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm, mix urea and potassium sulfate, and evenly spread them in the ring ditch according to the average amount per nest, mix urea and potassium sulfate, and evenly spread them in the ring ditch at a rate of 209 kg of urea and 139 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and cover with 7 cm thick soil. The operations of digging ring ditch and fertilizing are combined with conventional agricultural operations such as inter-row cultivation, soil cultivation, and weeding;

[0042] 3) When the banana taro grows to a seedling height of 18 cm, the first selection is carried out. Three plants with the same growth as the whole field are selected from each nest and cultivated as the first selection plants. At the same time, other tillers whose height is less than the same as the whole field (20 cm) from 5 cm above the ground are cut off to obtain the first batch of flowering plants;

[0043] Within one day after the first batch of plants bloomed, pollination was carried out at 10:00 every morning to carry out hybrid breeding. Ten days after the hybridization was completed, the hybrid fruiting rate was calculated. The statistical results are shown in Table 1. The tillers that had bloomed but failed to be successfully hybridized and pollinated were cut off from the base;

[0044] 4) 60 days after the first selection and retention began to be cultivated, on the basis of retaining the first selection and retention (the plants that were about to bloom), a batch of tiller plants with a seedling height of 18 cm (this batch was the tiller plants newly grown after the first retention) were selected and retained, and 5 plants were retained in each nest as the second selection and retention plants for cultivation to obtain the second batch of flowering plants. At the same time, other tiller plants whose height was less than the same as the growth of the whole field from 7 cm above the ground were cut off. Similarly, within 1 day after flowering, hybrid breeding was carried out at 10:00 every morning. Ten days after the hybridization was completed, the hybridization success rate was calculated, and the flowering time and flowering rate of each batch of flowering plants were calculated. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 Conventional Management

[0046] The difference from Example 1 is that no overwintering management was performed and no two batches of plant retention treatment were performed.

[0047] In the present invention, the flowering time is counted from the time when 10% of the plants in the whole field are in bloom, and the statistics are counted for 5 days. After the statistics are completed, the flowering rate and hybrid fruiting rate of each batch are calculated, and the formula is as follows:

[0048] Flowering rate = number of flowering plants / total number of plants in the field × 100%;

[0049] Hybridization fruit setting rate = number of hybridized fruit-bearing plants / total number of hybridized plants × 100%.

[0050] Table 1 Test results

[0051]

[0052] By conducting experiments to regulate the uniform flowering of Canna taro, the flowering of Canna taro was advanced by about a month, the uniformity rate reached over 90%, and the average hybrid fruit set rate reached over 70%, which improved the efficiency and success rate of hybrid breeding.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the uniformity of flowering of Canna musa, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) cultivating the canna until the seedling height is 18 to 20 cm, performing a first selection, and cultivating the first selected plants to obtain the first batch of flowering plants; (2) 50 to 60 days after the first selected plants are cultured, a second selection is performed, and the second selected plants are cultured to obtain a second batch of flowering plants; (3) After the first batch of flowering plants bloom, a first cross-pollination is carried out, and tiller plants that have bloomed but failed to successfully cross-pollinate are cut off from the base, and the second batch of flowering plants are continued to be cultivated. After flowering, a second cross-pollination is carried out.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The taro is a plant that has undergone wintering management, next spring management and seedling management.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The time for wintering management is from early to mid-December to early March of the following year; The method of wintering management is: when the temperature is below 5℃ or 5 to 6 days before frost comes, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves of the taro 5 to 7 cm from the ground surface, and make them into 4 to 6 cm finely chopped straw, cover them on the taro ridges, 5 to 8 cm thick, and then cover them with 8 to 10 mm thick plastic film.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The management in the spring of the following year is as follows: when the average temperature is greater than 10°C for more than 7 days, remove the mulch film, clean up the fine straw and cover the mulch film again; The method of seedling management is as follows: breaking the film in time after the seedlings begin to emerge, uncovering the ground film when the seedlings are 8 to 10 cm tall, applying fertilizer to the seedlings in a ring ditch, and covering with 6 to 8 cm of soil.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The annular groove is 6 to 8 cm deep, 4 to 5 cm wide, and 5 to 6 cm away from the taro plant; The seedling fertilizer comprises urea and potassium sulfate, wherein the application amount of urea is 200-220 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 130-150 kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first selection in step (1) is: selecting tillers with a seedling height of 18 to 20 cm for retention, and cutting off the remaining tillers from 3 to 5 cm above the ground surface.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that During the first selection, retain 3 to 5 tillering plants in each nest.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second selection in step (2) is to select a batch of tillers with a seedling height of 18 to 20 cm for retention on the basis of retaining the tillers selected for the first time, and to cut off the remaining tillers from 3 to 5 cm above the ground surface.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that During the second selection, 3 to 5 tiller plants are selected from each nest for retention, and the second selection is completed before the first batch of flowering plants bloom.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first and second cross pollination in step (3) are both carried out within 1 to 3 days after flowering, at 6:00 to 10:00 every morning; The cutting from the base refers to cutting from 8 to 10 cm away from the ground surface.

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