A combined sub-level filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies

Abstract

The present invention provides a combined segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick, and large-scale ore bodies. The method segments the ore body according to its middle section, with each middle section divided into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. Panels are then divided along the strike of the ore body, and within each panel, the ore blocks are divided into an upper and lower mining area. The ore blocks in the upper mining area are divided into several one-step chambers and two-step pillars, and mined using a segmented open-stop and subsequent filling mining method. The ore blocks in the lower mining area are divided into several approach stopes, and mined using a pre-controlled approach and filling mining method. The stope height in the lower mining area is the height of the lower segment, while the stope height in the upper mining area is the height of the upper and middle segments. This mining method combines roof height control segmentation with segmented open-stop and subsequent filling, reducing the exposed height of the goaf, improving stope stability during mining, and lowering the ore loss rate, while balancing the production capacity and efficiency of the ore blocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a combined segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] At present, domestic and foreign mines generally adopt a two-step mining method with segmented or even staged emptying followed by backfilling for steeply inclined, thick, and large-scale ore bodies with medium or higher stability. However, for steeply inclined, thick, and large-scale ore bodies with less than medium stability, this method is extremely unreasonable. Since the height of the goaf after mining can reach tens or even hundreds of meters, if the ore rock is not stable, the goaf will become unstable and collapse, which will not only cause ore loss and depletion (the collapse of the first-step goaf will affect the second-step mining, resulting in resource loss or mixing of waste rock, and the collapse of the second-step goaf will cause mixing of surrounding backfill), but also affect the safety of the mining operation. At this time, if the conventional mining optimization method is followed: ① adding another bottom structure segment to the original bottom structure segment will increase the mining construction volume, the stope recovery cycle and the ore depletion rate; ② changing the top (bottom) segment to a flat bottom structure and using a remote-controlled scraper to mine, the safety of the remote-controlled scraper during the mining operation in the empty area cannot be guaranteed due to the poor stability of the ore rock, the large exposed area of ​​the stope and the high segment height.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN108894785A discloses a "combined stratified and segmented mining method for interlayers in a broken ore body." This method aims to address the safe and efficient mining of interlayers in a broken ore body while also ensuring the normal mining of the more stable ore bodies on either side. However, mining at high altitudes in steeply inclined, thick, and large-scale ore bodies with moderate to low stability presents the challenges of poor safety and high dilution rates.

[0004] The "Combined Method of Small-Scale Opening and Subsequent Caving and Backfilling" disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116556949A primarily addresses the problems of poor safety and high dilution rates in loose, thick, and crushed ore bodies, as well as the high material consumption and cost of large-scale grouting reinforcement. However, no solution has been proposed for the safety issues and high dilution rates associated with high-altitude mining of steeply inclined, thick, and large-scale ore bodies with moderate to low stability.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101881169A discloses a "Sub-level caving and subsequent open-pit backfilling mining method." This method combines sub-level caving with sub-level open-pit backfilling to address issues such as poor safety, high dilution losses, low recovery efficiency, and surface protection for inclined / gently inclined, thin to medium-thick ore bodies. However, it does not address the issues of poor safety and high dilution losses associated with high-altitude mining of steeply inclined, thick, and large-scale ore bodies with moderate to low stability.

[0006] Therefore, the development of a combined segmented filling mining method suitable for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies has great application prospects.

[0007] It should be noted that the above introduction to the technical background is merely intended to provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of this application and facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Simply because these solutions are described in the background technology section of this application, it should not be assumed that the above technical solutions are well known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a combined segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies. The method combines the pre-controlled top height segmented filling mining method with the segmented open field subsequent filling mining method to provide a safe, efficient, green and economical mining method with low loss and depletion for steeply inclined, thick and large-scale ore bodies with medium or lower stability in metal mines.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Mining area division and stope layout

[0011] The ore body is divided into sections according to the middle section, and each middle section is divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower. The ore body is divided into panels along the strike of the ore body, and no intermediate pillars, top pillars and bottom pillars are reserved between the panels. The ore blocks in each panel are divided into an upper mining area and a lower mining area. The ore blocks in the upper mining area are divided into a number of one-step mine rooms and two-step mine pillars. The ore blocks in the lower mining area are divided into a number of approach stopes. The stope height of the lower mining area is the height of the lower section, and the stope height of the upper mining area is the height of the upper and middle sections.

[0012] The approach stopes include stope 1, stope 2, stope 3, stope 4, stope 5, stope 6, stope 7, stope 8, stope 9, stope 10, stope 11, stope 12, stope 13, stope 14 and stope 15, which are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the strike of the ore body;

[0013] S2. Alignment and cutting

[0014] Along the ore body strike, segmented connecting tunnels are constructed at the top of the upper segment, the bottom of the middle segment, and the bottom of the lower segment. From the segmented connecting tunnels, perpendicular to the ore body strike, stope connecting tunnels, stope connecting auxiliary ramps, upper mining area stope drilling tunnels, upper mining area stope exit tunnels, upper mining area stope exit access roads, trench tunnels, filling return air shafts, cutting shafts, chutes, and chutes connecting tunnels are constructed as main tunnels for mining, filling, and ventilation. An intra-vein connecting tunnel is arranged at the top and bottom of the lower segment, respectively. From the intra-vein connecting tunnels, perpendicular to the ore body strike, a number of lower mining area stope drilling tunnels and lower mining area exit tunnels are constructed.

[0015] S3, mining

[0016] The ore blocks in the upper mining area are mined by the segmented open pit and subsequent filling mining method; the ore blocks in the lower mining area are mined by the pre-controlled top entry and filling mining method.

[0017] First, the lower mining area is mined, and the mining sequence is one every three mining days, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0018] S31, First-stage stope: Stope 3, Stope 7, Stope 11, and Stope 15 are mined simultaneously. After the first-stage stope is mined, high-strength cemented backfill is carried out.

[0019] S32, Second-stage stope: During the first-stage stope, high-strength cemented filling is carried out while Stope 1, Stope 5 and Stope 13 are mined simultaneously. After the second-stage stope is mined, high-strength cemented filling is carried out;

[0020] S33, third-stage stope: After the high-strength cemented filling in the second-stage stope reaches the curing period, stopes 2, 6, 9, and 12 will be mined simultaneously. After the third-stage mining is completed, high-strength cemented filling will be carried out.

[0021] S34, fourth-stage stope: During the third-stage mining and high-strength cemented filling, stope 4 and stope 14 are mined simultaneously; after the third-stage mining is completed and high-strength cemented filling is carried out and the curing period has ended, stope 8 is mined; after the fourth-stage mining is completed, high-strength cemented filling is carried out;

[0022] S35, fifth-stage stope: During the fourth-stage mining and high-strength cemented filling, stope 10 is mined simultaneously. After the fifth-stage mining, high-strength cemented filling is carried out;

[0023] After the mining of the lower mining area is completed, the upper mining area is mined from top to bottom. The first step ore room is mined first, and after the high-strength cementation filling is completed, the second step ore pillar is mined. After the mining is completed, low-strength cementation or non-cementation filling is carried out. The mining order is one every three mining rooms until the entire upper mining area is mined.

[0024] Preferably, the mine connection auxiliary ramp that is used to excavate the mine from the segmented connecting tunnel located in the middle section needs to be constructed twice in succession: first, the mine connection auxiliary ramp required for the lower mining area is constructed, and after the mining of the lower mining area is completed and high-strength cementation filling is carried out, the mine connection auxiliary ramp required for the upper mining area is constructed.

[0025] Preferably, the panel area is arranged along the vertical strike of the ore body, the length of the panel area is the length along the strike of the ore body, and the width of the panel area is the thickness of the ore body.

[0026] Preferably, the length of the panel is 90 m, the width of the panel is 50 m, and the height of the panel is 50 m.

[0027] Preferably, a separate rock drilling tunnel is constructed at the top of the mining area one, three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen and fifteen in the lower mining area, which also serves as a filling return air tunnel. The remaining entry-type mining areas share the filling return air tunnel with their corresponding mining areas in the upper mining area, and there is no need to construct additional rock drilling tunnels as filling return air tunnels.

[0028] Preferably, the filling return air shafts include filling return air shaft 1 located in mining area nine, filling return air shaft 2 located in mining area two, filling return air shaft 3 located in mining area four, filling return air shaft 4 located in mining area six, filling return air shaft 5 located in mining area twelve, and filling return air shaft 6 located in mining area fourteen. When the filling return air shafts are constructed downward in the upper mining area, filling return air shafts 1 to 6 are constructed in sequence. At the same time, the filling return air shafts also serve as cutting wells in each mining area in the upper and lower mining areas.

[0029] Preferably, the cutting wells include cutting well 1 located in mining area 10, cutting well 2 located in mining area 8, cutting well 3 located in mining area 3, cutting well 4 located in mining area 7, cutting well 5 located in mining area 11, cutting well 6 located in mining area 15, cutting well 7 located in mining area 1, cutting well 8 located in mining area 5, and cutting well 9 located in mining area 14. When constructing cutting wells in the lower mining area, cutting wells 1 to 9 are constructed in sequence.

[0030] Preferably, mining is carried out in each stope of the upper mining area in a sequence from top to bottom along the inclination of the ore body, with the upper segment mining leading the middle segment mining by 1 to 3 steps.

[0031] Preferably, the cross-sectional specifications of the segmented connecting tunnels, stope connecting roads, stope connecting auxiliary ramps, intra-vein connecting tunnels, and the upper mining area stope drilling tunnels, upper mining area stope exit tunnels, upper mining area stope exit access roads, and trench tunnels are 3.7m×3.7m; the cross-sectional specifications of the lower mining area stope drilling tunnels and lower mining area stope exit tunnels are 6m×3.7m; the diameter of the cutting well is 1.4m; the upper mining area stope exit access road and the upper mining area stope exit tunnel are obliquely intersected by 45 to 60 degrees.

[0032] The above solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The combined segmented filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies provided by the present invention divides the ore blocks in the disk area into upper and lower mining areas, thereby reducing the exposure height of the goaf and improving the stability of the stope during the mining process;

[0034] (2) Since the lower mining area adopts the pre-controlled top height segmented filling mining method and uses a flat bottom structure remote control scraper to mine, the layout of the bottom structure engineering is reduced while ensuring the safety of the mining operation, which indirectly reduces the ore loss rate;

[0035] (3) In addition, since the mining method of the present invention uses segmented mining units, it can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the ore body, which is very flexible. At the same time, since the upper mining area adopts the segmented and subsequent filling mining method, the production capacity and production efficiency of the ore block are taken into account;

[0036] (4) The combined mining method of pre-controlled top height segmentation and segmented empty space subsequent filling provided by the present invention is a safe, efficient, green and economical mining method with strong flexibility and adaptability and low loss and depletion. In the actual use of mines, it can achieve the best economic benefits, safety benefits and social benefits.

[0037] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a side view of the double rock drilling tunnel stope in the lower mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 2 Too Figure 1 II-II sectional view;

[0040] Figure 3This is a side view of a single rock drilling tunnel stope in the lower mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 3 Too Figure 1 III-III sectional view;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a top view of the mining sequence of each stope in the lower mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 4 Too Figure 1 IV-IV sectional view;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a top view of the construction of the cutting shafts in each stope in the lower mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 5 Too Figure 1 VV sectional view;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic front view of the first and second step stope mining sequence of the upper mining area of ​​the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a side view of the sequence of each segmented mining in the upper mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 7 Too Figure 6 VII-VII cross-sectional view

[0045] Figure 8 This is a top view of the stope bottom structure layout of the upper mining area of ​​the present invention. Figure 8 Too Figure 6 VIII-VIII sectional view.

[0046] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0047] 1- rock drilling tunnel in the upper mining area; 2- filling return air shaft; 21- filling return air shaft 1; 22- filling return air shaft 2; 23- filling return air shaft 3; 24- filling return air shaft 4; 25- filling return air shaft 5; 26- filling return air shaft 6; 3- rock drilling tunnel in the lower mining area; 4- caving ore pile; 5- mining exit tunnel in the lower mining area; 6- cutting shaft; 61- cutting shaft 1; 62- cutting shaft 2; 63- cutting shaft 3; 64- cutting Cutting shaft 4; 65-Cutting shaft 5; 66-Cutting shaft 6; 67-Cutting shaft 7; 68-Cutting shaft 8; 69-Cutting shaft 9; 7-Cemented filling body; 8-Stope connection auxiliary ramp; 9-Intra-vein connection lane; 10-Section connection lane; 11-Chute; 12-Stope connection lane; 13-Chute connection lane; 14-Upper mining area stope exit road; 15-Upper mining area stope exit lane; 16-Filling return air lane; 17-Trench lane

[0048] 2-1- Mine one; 3-1- Mine two; 1-1- Mine three; 4-1- Mine four; 2-2- Mine five; 3-2- Mine six; 1-2- Mine seven; 4-2- Mine eight; 3-3- Mine nine; 5-1- Mine ten; 1-3- Mine eleven; 3-4- Mine twelve; 2-3- Mine thirteen; 4-3- Mine fourteen; 1-4- Mine fifteen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The various specific technical features and embodiments described in the specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner unless there is any contradiction. For example, different embodiments can be formed by combining different specific technical features / embodiments. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the various possible combinations of the various specific technical features / embodiments in the present invention will not be described separately.

[0050] It should be noted that the terms "setting" and "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be directly set, installed, or connected, or they can be indirectly set or connected through a central component or a central structural part. In addition, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. in the present invention are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the conventional placement state or usage state. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structural parts, features, devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies, which includes the following steps:

[0052] S1: Mining area division and stope layout

[0053] Key References Figure 1 In this step, the ore body is first divided into sections according to the middle section where it is located, and each middle section is divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower; the disk area is divided along the direction of the ore body, and no intermediate pillars, top pillars and bottom pillars are reserved between the disk areas. In each disk area, the ore block is divided into an upper mining area and a lower mining area. During mining, the lower mining area is mined first, and then the upper mining area is mined.

[0054] In the lower mining area, the ore block is divided into several approach stopes. These include Stope 1 (2-1), Stope 2 (3-1), Stope 3 (1-1), Stope 4 (4-1), Stope 5 (2-2), Stope 6 (3-2), Stope 7 (1-2), Stope 8 (4-2), Stope 9 (3-3), Stope 10 (5-1), Stope 11 (1-3), Stope 12 (3-4), Stope 13 (2-3), Stope 14 (4-3), and Stope 15 (1-4). In the upper mining area, the ore block is mined in two stages: a first-stage chamber and a second-stage pillar.

[0055] The panel area is arranged along the vertical ore body strike, the panel area length is the length along the ore body strike, the panel area width is the ore body thickness, the stope height of the lower mining area is the lower segment height, and the stope height of the upper mining area is the upper and middle segment heights. In this embodiment, preferably, the panel area length is 90m, the panel area width is 50m, and the panel area height is 50m. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the upper, middle and lower segment heights are 20m, 15m and 15m respectively, and the stope length is 50m. The width of the one-step and two-step stopes in the upper mining area are 12m and 18m respectively, and the height is 35m; the width of the approach stope in the lower mining area is 6m, and the height is 15m;

[0056] S2: Alignment and cutting

[0057] Along the direction of the ore body, segmented connecting tunnels 10 are constructed at the top of the upper section, the bottom of the middle section and the bottom of the lower section. From the segmented connecting tunnels 10, vertically to the direction of the ore body, the mining field connecting road 12, the mining field connecting auxiliary ramp 8, the upper mining area mining field drilling tunnel 1, the upper mining area mining field exit tunnel 15, the upper mining area mining field exit access road 14, the trench tunnel 17, the filling return air shaft 2, the cutting shaft 6, the chute 11 and the chute connecting tunnel 13 and the filling return air shaft 16 are constructed as the main tunnels for mining, filling and ventilation. Among them, the stope connection auxiliary ramp 8 from the middle segment connection tunnel 10 to the stope needs to be constructed twice in succession. First, the stope connection auxiliary ramp 8 required for the lower mining area is constructed. After the lower stope is mined and high-strength cement filling is carried out, the stope connection auxiliary ramp 8 required for the upper mining area is constructed. At the same time, the slopes of the two stope connection ramps are suitable for personnel, materials, and equipment to enter the stope. In the stope of the lower mining area, an intra-vein connection tunnel 9 is arranged on the top and bottom plates of the lower segment respectively. Several lower mining area drilling tunnels 3 and lower mining area mine exit tunnels 5 are constructed from the intra-vein connection tunnel 9 perpendicular to the ore body to the ore body boundary. No special mine exit structure is set up, and the segment roof is supported before mining to improve the stability of the roof.

[0058] To facilitate on-site construction, when constructing the filling and return air shaft 2 (which can also serve as the cutting shaft for the upper mining area, the filling and return air shaft for the lower mining area, and the cutting shaft) in the first and second step stopes of the upper mining area, a through-hole is constructed from the filling and return air tunnel 16 at the top of the middle section to the mining exit tunnel 5 in the lower mining area. For the remaining stopes in the lower mining area, after completing the construction of the rock drilling tunnel 3 in the lower mining area, a cutting shaft 6 (which also serves as the filling and return air shaft for the lower mining area) is constructed from the rock drilling tunnel 3 in the lower mining area at the top of the lower subsection to the mining exit tunnel 5 in the lower mining area at the bottom of the lower subsection. The remaining mining and cutting steps also include basic supporting facilities for the mining area, such as cutting troughs and ore chutes, which will not be described in detail here.

[0059] In this embodiment, a lower mining area drilling tunnel 3 is constructed separately at the top of the lower mining area mining site 1 2-1, mining site 3 1-1, mining site 5 2-2, mining site 7 1-2, mining site 9 3-3, mining site 11 1-3, mining site 13 2-3, and mining site 15 1-4, which also serves as a filling return air tunnel. The remaining entry-type mining sites share the filling return air tunnel 16 with the corresponding mining sites in the upper mining area, and there is no need to construct additional drilling tunnels as filling return air tunnels.

[0060] Furthermore, the filling return air shaft 2 includes a filling return air shaft 21 located in mining area nine 3-3, a filling return air shaft 22 located in mining area two 3-1, a filling return air shaft 3 23 located in mining area four 4-1, a filling return air shaft 4 24 located in mining area six 3-2, a filling return air shaft 5 25 located in mining area twelve 3-4, and a filling return air shaft 6 26 located in mining area fourteen 4-3. When the filling return air shaft 2 is constructed downward in the upper mining area, the filling return air shaft 21 to the filling return air shaft 6 26 are constructed in sequence. At the same time, the filling return air shaft 2 also serves as a cutting shaft in each mining area in the upper and lower mining areas.

[0061] Furthermore, the cutting wells 6 include cutting well 1 61 located in mining area 10 5-1, cutting well 2 62 located in mining area 8 4-2, cutting well 3 63 located in mining area 3 1-1, cutting well 4 64 located in mining area 7 1-2, cutting well 5 65 located in mining area 11 1-3, cutting well 66 located in mining area 15 1-4, cutting well 7 67 located in mining area 1 2-1, cutting well 8 68 located in mining area 5 2-2, and cutting well 9 69 located in mining area 14 2-3. When constructing the cutting wells 6 in the lower mining area, cutting wells 1 61 to cutting well 9 69 are constructed in sequence.

[0062] Specifically, a filling return air tunnel 16 is constructed at the top of the upper section from the section connecting tunnel 10 to the boundary of the ore body perpendicular to the direction of the ore body in the center of each mining area; at the top of mining area nine 3-3 and the connecting tunnel 9 in the bottom vein perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, the lower mining area mining area drilling tunnel 3 and the mining tunnel 5 are constructed to the boundary of the ore body; at the end of the upper section mining area, a filling return air tunnel 21 is constructed downward from the upper section filling return air tunnel 16 to the mining area mining area mining area mining tunnel 5 of the lower section; then, in mining area 3-3, after being opened to the left and right sides of the mining area with the filling return air tunnel 21 as the free surface, a cutting shaft 1 61 located in mining area ten 5-1 and a cutting shaft 2 62 located in mining area eight 4-2 are constructed downward from the end of the upper section mining area and a filling retaining wall is constructed to prevent the filling slurry from leaking from cutting shaft 2 62 and cutting shaft 3 63 when mining area nine 3-3 is filled. The filling return air shaft 21 is used to undertake the ventilation and filling tasks of mining area three 1-1, mining area seven 1-2, mining area eleven 1-3, mining area fifteen 1-4, mining area one 2-1, mining area five 2-2, and mining area thirteen 2-3 during the mining process. The above-mentioned seven mining areas construct the lower mining area mining area rock drilling tunnel 3 and the mining tunnel 5 to the ore body boundary at the top and bottom vein connecting tunnels 9 of the mining area perpendicular to the ore body direction. At the end of each mining area, from the lower mining area rock drilling tunnel 5 to the lower mining area mining tunnel 5, the cutting shaft three 63 located in mining area three 1-1, the cutting shaft four 64 located in mining area seven 1-2, the cutting shaft five 65 located in mining area eleven 1-3, the cutting shaft six 66 located in mining area fifteen 1-4, the cutting shaft seven 67 located in mining area one 2-1, the cutting shaft eight 68 located in mining area five 2-2, and the cutting shaft nine 69 located in mining area fourteen 2-3 are constructed downward in sequence. In Mining Area 2 3-1, Mining Area 4-1, Mining Area 6 3-2, Mining Area 8 4-2, Mining Area 10 5-1, Mining Area 12 3-4 and Mining Area 14 4-3, the lower mining area mining tunnel 5 is constructed from the inner connecting tunnel 9 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body at the bottom of the mining area to the boundary of the ore body. At the end of the corresponding upper mining area mining area, from the upper segment filling return air tunnel 16 to the lower segment lower mining area mining tunnel 5 downward, the filling return air shaft 22 located in Mining Area 2 3-1, the filling return air shaft 3 23 located in Mining Area 4-1, the filling return air shaft 4 24 located in Mining Area 6 3-2, the filling return air shaft 5 25 located in Mining Area 12 3-4 and the filling return air shaft 6 26 located in Mining Area 14 4-3 are constructed simultaneously. After the mining of the lower mining area is completed with high-strength cemented filling, the upper mining area will construct a rock drilling tunnel 1, an upper mining area stope mine tunnel 15, an upward stope connecting ramp 8, and an upper mining area stope mine access road 14 in a direction perpendicular to the ore body from the segmented connecting tunnel 10. The trench tunnel 17, the upper mining area stope mine access road 14 and the upper mining area stope mine tunnel 15 are obliquely intersected at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

[0063] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional dimensions of the segmented connecting tunnel 10, the stope connecting tunnel 12, the stope connecting auxiliary ramp 8, the intra-vein connecting tunnel 6, the upper mining area rock drilling tunnel 1, the upper mining area stope ore-exit tunnel 15, the upper mining area stope ore-exit access road 14, and the trench tunnel 17 are 3.7m x 3.7m. Certain support measures are implemented for these tunnels during construction. The cross-sectional dimensions of the lower mining area rock drilling tunnel 3 and the ore-exit tunnel 5 are 6m x 3.7m. Pre-roofing treatment is performed on these tunnels during construction. Depending on the stability of the ore and rock, pre-roofing techniques such as shotcrete support, shotcrete anchor support, and long cable anchor support can be used. The diameter of the cutting shaft 6 is 1.4m.

[0064] S3: Mining

[0065] In the present invention, the ore blocks in the upper mining area are mined by adopting the segmented open pit and subsequent filling mining method; and the lower mining area is mined by adopting the pre-controlled top entry filling mining method.

[0066] First, the lower mining area is mined using a remote-controlled scraper with a backward mining operation. The mining sequence is one every three mining attempts. The main steps include:

[0067] S31. First-stage stope: Stope 3 1-1, Stope 7 1-2, Stope 11 1-3, Stope 15 1-4 are mined simultaneously, and high-strength cemented filling is carried out after the first-stage stope mining is completed.

[0068] S32, Second stage stope: During the first stage stope high-strength cementation filling, Stope 1 2-1, Stope 5 2-2 and Stope 13 2-3 are mined simultaneously. After the second stage stope is mined, high-strength cementation filling is carried out.

[0069] S33, the third stage stope: After the high-strength cemented filling in the second stage stope reaches the curing period (the curing period is generally 28 days), stope two 3-1, stope six 3-2, stope nine 3-3 and stope twelve 3-4 are mined simultaneously, and high-strength cemented filling is carried out after the third stage mining is completed.

[0070] S34, the fourth stage of mining: in the third stage of mining and high-strength cemented filling, mining of mining site four 4-1 and mining site fourteen 4-3 are carried out at the same time; after the third stage of mining is completed and high-strength cemented filling reaches the maintenance period (the maintenance period is generally 28 days), mining of mining site eight 4-2 is carried out; high-strength cemented filling is carried out after the fourth stage of mining is completed.

[0071] S35, fifth stage stope: During the fourth stage of mining and high-strength cemented filling, stope 10-1 is mined at the same time, and high-strength cemented filling is carried out after the fifth stage of mining.

[0072] After the mining of the lower mining area is completed and the fifth stage of high-strength cemented filling reaches the maintenance period, the upper mining area is mined from top to bottom, using a common scraper loader for backward mining. In the later stage of mining in the stope, a remote-controlled scraper loader is used to recover the residual ore. The first step of the mine room is mined first, and after the high-strength cemented filling is completed, the second step of the ore pillar is mined. After the mining is completed, low-strength cemented or non-cemented filling is carried out. The mining order is one every three mining days until the entire upper mining area is mined.

[0073] Specifically, for the upper mining area mine, an ordinary scraper is used to enter the mine from the upper mining area mine exit tunnel 15 through the upper mining area mine exit entrance road 14 to complete the shoveling operation. Later, a remote-controlled scraper is used to recover the residual ore, which is unloaded to the middle section chute 11 through the segmented connecting tunnel 10, and then slid into the bottom mine car, transported to the bottom yard, and finally lifted to the surface by the main shaft cage; for the lower mining area mine, a remote-controlled scraper is used to enter the mine from the lower mining area mine exit tunnel 5 to complete the shoveling operation, which is unloaded to the middle section chute 11 through the segmented connecting tunnel 10, and then slid into the bottom mine car, transported to the bottom yard, and finally lifted to the surface by the main shaft cage.

[0074] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the mining site uses an imported electric hydraulic Simba1254 medium-long hole drilling rig and a GZ919 drilling rig to jointly carry out upward fan-shaped medium-long hole drilling operations. The blasthole diameter Φ is 76 mm, and the machine core height is 1.85 m for the former and 1.8 m for the latter.

[0075] For the mining area in the lower mining area, the spacing between rows is 1.5 to 2.2m, the distance from the bottom of the hole is 1.6 to 2.4m, and the blast holes with the same hole number are staggered between rows. 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted each time, and the blasting step distance is 4.5 to 6.6m. The cutting groove is designed to expand the slot holes with a spacing of 1.1m, and an additional row of cutting groove blast holes is added with a spacing of 1.1m and a distance from the bottom of the hole of 0.7 to 1.85m. The cutting groove is formed by one detonation.

[0076] For the upper mining area, the spacing between rows is 1.5 to 2.2m, the distance from the bottom of the hole is 1.6 to 2.4m, and the blast holes with the same hole number between rows are staggered. 2-4 rows of blast holes are blasted each time, and the blasting step distance is 4.5 to 6.6m); the cutting slot is designed to expand the slot holes with a spacing of 1.4m, and a reinforcement row is added 0.7m in the middle. The first blasting expands the well holes into 2 rows, and the blasting step distance is 1.4m; the cutting slot blast row has a row spacing of 1.5m, the distance from the bottom of the hole is 0.7 to 1.85m, the second blasting cutting row is 3 rows, and the blasting step distance is 4.5m, and the third blasting cutting row has a blasting step distance of 7.5m.

[0077] Mixed emulsion explosives are used as the main explosive for medium and deep hole blasting using BJC-2 underground on-site mixing vehicles and BJC-41 fully automatic articulated mixing vehicles; No. 2 rock emulsion explosives are used as the main explosive for cutting and expanding well holes, cutting rows and water-bearing holes. The detonator uses a detonator with a diameter of 32mm and a weight of 150g. Digital electronic detonators are used for reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole, and the hole mouth is blocked at intervals of 0.8 to 1.5m.

[0078] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined sub-level filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Mining area division and stope layout The ore body is divided into sections according to the middle section, and each middle section is divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower. The ore body is divided into panels along the strike of the ore body, and no intermediate pillars, top pillars and bottom pillars are reserved between the panels. The ore blocks in each panel are divided into an upper mining area and a lower mining area. The ore blocks in the upper mining area are divided into a number of one-step mine rooms and two-step mine pillars. The ore blocks in the lower mining area are divided into a number of approach stopes. The stope height of the lower mining area is the height of the lower section, and the stope height of the upper mining area is the height of the upper and middle sections. The approach stopes include stope 1 (2-1), stope 2 (3-1), stope 3 (1-1), stope 4 (4-1), stope 5 (2-2), stope 6 (3-2), stope 7 (1-2), stope 8 (4-2), stope 9 (3-3), stope 10 (5-1), stope 11 (1-3), stope 12 (3-4), stope 13 (2-3), stope 14 (4-3) and stope 15 (1-4), which are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the strike of the ore body. S2. Alignment and cutting Along the ore body strike, segmented connecting tunnels (10) are constructed at the top of the upper segment, the bottom of the middle segment, and the bottom of the lower segment. From the segmented connecting tunnel (10), perpendicular to the ore body strike, a stope connecting tunnel (12), a stope connecting auxiliary ramp (8), an upper mining area stope drilling tunnel (1), an upper mining area stope exit tunnel (15), an upper mining area stope exit access (14), a trench tunnel (17), a filling return air shaft (2), a cutting shaft (6), a chute (11), and a chute connecting tunnel (13) are constructed as main tunnels for mining, filling, and ventilation. An intra-vein connecting tunnel (9) is arranged at the top and bottom of the lower segment, respectively. From the intra-vein connecting tunnel (9), perpendicular to the ore body strike, a number of lower mining area stope drilling tunnels (3) and lower mining area stope exit tunnels (5) are constructed perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore body boundary. S3, mining The ore blocks in the upper mining area are mined by the segmented open pit and subsequent filling mining method; the ore blocks in the lower mining area are mined by the pre-controlled top entry and filling mining method. First, the lower mining area is mined, and the mining sequence is one every three mining days, which mainly includes the following steps: S31, First-stage stope: Stope 3 (1-1), Stope 7 (1-2), Stope 11 (1-3), and Stope 15 (1-4) will be mined simultaneously. After the first-stage stope is mined, high-strength cemented filling will be carried out. S32, Second-stage stope: During the first-stage stope high-strength cemented filling, stope 1 (2-1), stope 5 (2-2) and stope 13 (2-3) are mined simultaneously. After the second-stage stope is mined, high-strength cemented filling is carried out; S33, third-stage stope: After the high-strength cemented filling in the second-stage stope reaches the curing period, stope two (3-1), stope six (3-2), stope nine (3-3) and stope twelve (3-4) will be mined simultaneously. After the third-stage mining is completed, high-strength cemented filling will be carried out; S34, fourth stage stope: During the third stage of mining and high-strength cemented filling, stope four (4-1) and stope fourteen (4-3) are mined simultaneously; after the third stage of mining is completed and high-strength cemented filling is carried out and the maintenance period has come, stope eight (4-2) is mined; after the fourth stage of mining is completed, high-strength cemented filling is carried out; S35, Fifth Stage Stope: During the fourth stage of mining and high-strength cemented filling, stope 10 (5-1) is mined simultaneously. After the fifth stage of mining, high-strength cemented filling is carried out; After the mining of the lower mining area is completed, the upper mining area is mined from top to bottom. The first step ore room is mined first, and after the high-strength cementation filling is completed, the second step ore pillar is mined. After the mining is completed, low-strength cementation or non-cementation filling is carried out. The mining order is one every three mining rooms until the entire upper mining area is mined.

2. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stope connection auxiliary ramp (8) that is excavated from the segmented connection tunnel (10) located in the middle segment to the stope needs to be constructed twice in succession: first, the stope connection auxiliary ramp (8) required for the lower mining area is constructed, and after the mining of the lower mining area is completed and high-strength cement filling is carried out, the stope connection auxiliary ramp (8) required for the upper mining area is constructed.

3. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The panel area is arranged along the vertical ore body strike, the length of the panel area is the length along the ore body strike, and the width of the panel area is the ore body thickness.

4. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The length of the panel is 90 m, the width of the panel is 50 m, and the height of the panel is 50 m.

5. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A separate rock drilling tunnel (3) is constructed on the top of each of the mining areas 1 (2-1), 3 (1-1), 5 (2-2), 7 (1-2), 9 (3-3), 11 (1-3), 13 (2-3) and 15 (1-4) in the lower mining area, which also serves as a filling return air tunnel. The remaining entry-type mining areas share the filling return air tunnel (16) with their corresponding mining areas in the upper mining area, and there is no need to construct additional rock drilling tunnels as filling return air tunnels.

6. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling return air shaft (2) includes a filling return air shaft 1 (21) located in mining area 9 (3-3), a filling return air shaft 2 (22) located in mining area 2 (3-1), a filling return air shaft 3 (23) located in mining area 4 (4-1), a filling return air shaft 4 (24) located in mining area 6 (3-2), a filling return air shaft 5 (25) located in mining area 12 (3-4), and a filling return air shaft 6 (26) located in mining area 14 (4-3). When the filling return air shaft (2) is constructed downward in the upper mining area, the filling return air shaft 1 (21) to the filling return air shaft 6 (26) are constructed in sequence. At the same time, the filling return air shaft also serves as a cutting shaft in each mining area of ​​the upper and lower mining areas.

7. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cutting wells (6) include cutting well 1 (61) located in mining area 10 (5-1), cutting well 2 (62) located in mining area 8 (4-2), cutting well 3 (63) located in mining area 3 (1-1), cutting well 4 (64) located in mining area 7 (1-2), cutting well 5 (65) located in mining area 11 (1-3), cutting well 6 (66) located in mining area 15 (1-4), cutting well 7 (67) located in mining area 1 (2-1), cutting well 8 (68) located in mining area 5 (2-2), and cutting well 9 (69) located in mining area 14 (2-3). When the cutting wells (6) are constructed in the lower mining area, cutting wells 1 (61) to 9 (69) are constructed in sequence.

8. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Mining is carried out in each stope of the upper mining area in the order from top to bottom along the inclination of the ore body, and the upper segment mining leads the middle segment mining by 1 to 3 steps.

9. The combined staged filling mining method for steeply inclined, relatively broken, thick and large-scale ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross-sectional specifications of the segmented connecting tunnel (10), the stope connecting tunnel (12), the stope connecting auxiliary ramp (8), the intra-vein connecting tunnel (9), the upper mining area stope drilling tunnel (1), the upper mining area stope ore tunnel (15), the upper mining area stope ore exit road (14), and the trench tunnel (17) are 3.7m×3.7m; the cross-sectional specifications of the lower mining area stope drilling tunnel (3) and the lower mining area stope ore exit road (5) are 6m×3.7m; the diameter of the cutting shaft (6) is 1.4m; the upper mining area stope ore exit road (14) and the upper mining area stope ore exit tunnel (15) are obliquely intersected at 45~60 degrees.

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