A self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device, comprising an active bevel gear, a blade bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, and a clutch mechanism. The active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are used in pairs, mounted on the shaft of a hub, and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade bevel gear; the blade bevel gear is connected to the blade via a blade shaft, the motor is connected to the active bevel gear and the hub via a shaft, the active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively meshed and connected to the blade bevel gear; a clutch mechanism for starting and stopping the active bevel gear is provided between the guide vane body and the hub, and mutually adapted limit blocks are respectively provided on the driven bevel gear and the hub; under the joint action of the hub, the shaft, the clutch mechanism, the active bevel gear, the blade bevel gear, the driven bevel gear and the limit block, the blade placement angle can be automatically adjusted by 180° when the motor rotates forward or reverse, so that the water pump can achieve bidirectional high-efficiency water delivery; at the same time, according to different functional requirements, the blade placement angle can be freely adjusted from 0° to 360°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a mechanical bidirectional water delivery impeller device, in particular to a self-regulating bidirectional water delivery impeller device which can realize high-efficiency water delivery by adaptively adjusting through mechanical structure or electrical components without a hydraulic system. Background Art

[0002] To meet the requirements of bidirectional water transfer, the impellers used in bidirectional water transfer pumps currently used in the marine industry generally employ fixed S-shaped blades. The advantages and disadvantages of S-shaped blades are both clear. The advantage is a simple structure that effectively meets functional requirements. The disadvantages are inadequate hydraulic design, low efficiency, and high vibration and noise. The efficiency of S-shaped blade bidirectional water transfer pumps is generally around 35% to 60%, while the efficiency of conventional unidirectional water transfer pumps can reach around 70% to 90%. Therefore, the invention of a highly efficient, self-adjusting bidirectional water transfer impeller device is a pressing need in the marine industry.

[0003] The most basic concept is to use adjustable blades with a 180° adjustment angle, swapping the relative positions of the inlet and outlet edges with the impeller hub. This allows for efficient bidirectional water transfer through forward and reverse rotation of the electric motor. Adjustable blades are frequently used in large-scale water transfer projects. However, this adjustment method requires a complex hydraulic or electro-hydraulic drive system and an automatic control system. This structure is complex, costly, and requires significant space. The blade angle adjustment range is generally less than 10°, making it unsuitable for bidirectional water transfer on ships.

[0004] In summary, it is necessary to design a mechanical self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device that does not require an external hydraulic system, can achieve 180° adjustment of the blade placement angle, has high hydraulic transmission efficiency, relatively simple structure, and is suitable for ship application environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a mechanical self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device which does not require an external hydraulic system and can achieve 180° adjustment of the blade placement angle. It has high hydraulic delivery efficiency, a relatively simple structure and is suitable for ship application environments.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device, comprising an active bevel gear, a blade bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a limit block, and a clutch mechanism, wherein the active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are used in pairs, mounted on the shaft of the hub, and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade bevel gear for offsetting the axial force of meshing; the blade bevel gear is connected to the blade through a blade shaft, the motor is connected to the active bevel gear and the hub through a shaft, and the active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively meshed and connected to the blade bevel gear; a clutch mechanism for starting and stopping the active bevel gear is provided between the guide vane body and the hub, and mutually adapted limit blocks are respectively provided on the driven bevel gear and the hub; under the joint action of the hub, shaft, clutch mechanism, active bevel gear, blade bevel gear, driven bevel gear and limit block, the blade placement angle can be automatically adjusted by 180° when the motor rotates forward or reverse, so that the water pump can achieve bidirectional high-efficiency water delivery; at the same time, according to different functional requirements, the blade placement angle can be freely adjusted from 0° to 360°.

[0007] Furthermore, the clutch mechanism adopts a friction disc mechanism or a non-contact mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the friction disc mechanism includes a friction disc, a flyweight, and a spring. The friction disc is arranged in the guide vane body. The flyweight is installed on the active bevel gear through a pin shaft. A spring is connected between the flyweight and the active bevel gear.

[0009] Furthermore, in the static state, the end teeth of the flyweight are engaged with the teeth of the friction disk through the tension of the spring, and the middle teeth of the flyweight are disengaged from the teeth of the hub; the active bevel gear is engaged with the flyweight and fixed on the friction disk, and the friction disk provides sufficient friction.

[0010] Furthermore, in the rotating state, the flyweight disengages its end teeth from the teeth of the friction disk through the action of centrifugal force, and engages its middle teeth with the teeth on the impeller hub.

[0011] Furthermore, when the motor rotates forward, the motor will drive the shaft to rotate, the shaft will drive the hub to rotate synchronously, and the hub will drive the blades to rotate in a circular manner; the active bevel gear will drive the blade bevel gear to rotate, and the blade bevel gear will drive the blades to rotate relative to the hub through key transmission, ultimately realizing the rotation adjustment of the blades on the hub.

[0012] Furthermore, when the blades rotate to a suitable angle, the limit block on the driven bevel gear contacts the limit block on the hub. After contact, the driven bevel gear and the hub stop rotating relative to each other. Under the constraint of the driven bevel gear, the blade bevel gear will be relatively stationary with the hub and the active bevel gear, and rotate synchronously at high speed, while driving the friction disk and the fly hammer to rotate at high speed; under the action of centrifugal force, the end teeth of the fly hammer disengage from the teeth of the friction disk, the friction disk stops rotating, and the middle teeth of the fly hammer engage with the teeth of the hub. The middle teeth of the fly hammer and the limit block of the driven bevel gear work together to achieve the final positioning of the impeller after adjustment is completed, thereby realizing one-way fluid transportation.

[0013] Furthermore, the non-contact mechanism includes a working coil, a permanent magnet, and a frequency converter. The working coil is installed in the guide vane body and connected to the frequency converter. The permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the active bevel gear.

[0014] Furthermore, before the motor starts, the inverter outputs a closed switching signal, causing the power coil to form a closed circuit or insert an appropriate resistor in series, generating electromagnetic force to keep the permanent magnet and, consequently, the active bevel gear stationary. When the motor rotates in the forward direction, the inverter outputs an open circuit signal, allowing the entire device to rotate with the shaft, completing blade adjustment. The same principle applies when the motor rotates in the reverse direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer contour of the hub is spherical, the inner contour of the pump body is spherical, and the two spheres are concentric, and the blade axis passes through the center point of the sphere; the bearings used for the blade shaft are composed of radial guide bearings and thrust bearings, which can ensure that the blades can rotate freely around the axis; sliding bearings are respectively provided between the blade bevel gear and the blade shaft, between the active bevel gear and the shaft, and between the driven bevel gear and the shaft.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device of the present invention automatically adjusts the blade placement angle 180° when the motor rotates forward or reverse under the joint action of the hub, shaft, friction disk, flyweight, spring, active bevel gear, blade bevel gear, and driven bevel gear, so that the water pump can achieve bidirectional high-efficiency water delivery.

[0018] At the same time, the present invention adopts a variant structure of a self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device, in which the friction disk is replaced by a power coil and a permanent magnet, thereby realizing non-contact adjustment.

[0019] In summary, the mechanical self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device of the present invention does not require an external hydraulic system, can achieve 180° adjustment of the blade placement angle, has high hydraulic transmission efficiency, is relatively simple in structure, and is suitable for ship application environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the self-regulating bidirectional water delivery impeller device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the fly hammer action of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fly hammer reset of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the variant structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the friction disc mechanism in the self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the self-regulating bidirectional water delivery impeller device of the present invention using a non-contact mechanism;

[0026] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1-friction disc, 2-flyweight, 3-spring, 4-driving bevel gear, 5-blade bevel gear, 6-driven bevel gear, 7-working coil, 8-permanent magnet, 9-guide vane, 10-pump body, 11-hub, 12-shaft, 13-bearing, 14-blade, 15-blade shaft, 16-limit block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device, which includes a friction plate 1, a flyweight 2, a spring 3, an active bevel gear 4, a blade bevel gear 5, and a driven bevel gear 6.

[0029] The active bevel gear 4 and the driven bevel gear 6 are used in pairs, mounted on the shaft 12 in the hub 11, and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade bevel gear 5 to offset the axial force of the meshing. The blade bevel gear 5 is connected to the blade 14 via the blade shaft, and the motor is connected to the active bevel gear 4 via the shaft 12. The active bevel gear 4 and the driven bevel gear 6 are meshed and connected to the blade bevel gear 5. A friction disk 1 is provided in the guide vane body 9, and the active bevel gear 4 is provided with a flyweight 2 and a spring 3. In the static state, the end teeth of the flyweight 2 are meshed with the teeth of the friction disk 1 by the tension of the spring 3; in the rotating state, the flyweight 2 is disengaged from the end teeth of the friction disk 1 by the centrifugal force, and its middle teeth are meshed with the teeth on the impeller hub. Under the combined action of hub 11, shaft 12, friction disc 1, flyweight 2, spring 3, active bevel gear 4, blade bevel gear 5, and driven bevel gear 6, the blade 14's angle is automatically adjusted 180° during forward or reverse rotation of the motor, enabling the pump to deliver water in both directions with high efficiency. Furthermore, the blade angle can be freely adjusted from 0° to 360° to suit different functional requirements.

[0030] When the motor is stopped, under the tension of spring 3, the end teeth of flyweight 2 mesh with the teeth of friction disc 1, while the middle teeth of flyweight 2 disengage from the teeth of the hub. Active bevel gear 4 is engaged and fixed to friction disc 1 by flyweight 2, providing sufficient friction. When the motor starts and rotates in the forward direction, it drives shaft 12, which in turn drives hub 11 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives blades 14 to produce circular rotation. Because active bevel gear 4 is fixed to friction disc 1, it drives blade bevel gear 5 to rotate. Blade bevel gear 5, through key transmission, drives blades 14 to rotate relative to hub 11, ultimately achieving rotational adjustment of blades 14 on hub 11. The blade bevel gear 5 drives the driven bevel gear 6 to rotate. When the blade 14 rotates to a suitable angle, the limit block 16 on the driven bevel gear 6 contacts the limit block 16 on the hub 11. After the contact, the driven bevel gear 6 and the hub stop rotating relative to each other. Under the constraint of the driven bevel gear 6, the blade bevel gear 5 will be relatively stationary with the hub 11 and the active bevel gear 4, and rotate synchronously at high speed, while driving the friction disk 1 and the flyweight 2 to rotate at high speed. Under the action of centrifugal force, the state of the flyweight 2 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the end teeth are disengaged from the teeth of the friction disc 1, and the friction disc 1 stops rotating. The middle teeth of the fly hammer 2 are meshed with the teeth of the hub. The middle teeth of the fly hammer 2 and the limit block 16 of the driven bevel gear 6 work together to achieve the final positioning of the impeller 14 after adjustment, realizing a square fluid delivery. When the machine is stopped, the centrifugal force disappears, and the fly hammer 2 is reset under the tension of the spring 3, reaching Figure 3In the position shown, when the motor rotates in the reverse direction, the adjustment driving force generated by the blade 14 is exactly the opposite, and the operating principle is the same, which can adjust the angle of the blade 14 back to the original position to achieve fluid transportation in the other direction. In order to achieve efficient fluid transportation, the blade placement angle adjustment angle required in the present case is 180 degrees.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a variant structure of a self-regulating bidirectional water delivery impeller device, such as Figure 4 , as shown in 6. This variant structure eliminates the friction disc 1, the flyweight 2, and the spring 3 and adds a working coil 7 and a permanent magnet 8. This variant structure can realize non-contact adjustment, and there is no wear part such as the friction disc 1. Among them, before the motor starts, the frequency converter outputs a closed switching signal, so that the working coil 7 forms a closed loop on the outside or a suitable resistor is connected in series, so that a suitable electromagnetic force can be obtained to put the permanent magnet 8 in a stationary state, thereby putting the active bevel gear 4 in a stationary state. When the motor rotates in the forward direction, the adjustment principle is the same as the adjustment mechanism principle of the main body of the present invention. After the adjustment is completed, the closed switching signal output by the frequency converter becomes an open circuit, and the entire device rotates with the shaft to complete the blade adjustment. When the motor rotates in the reverse direction, the adjustment principle is the same.

[0032] Preferred option:

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device. If the influence of the limit block is not considered, the blade shaft can achieve 360° relative rotation with the hub under the drive of the blade bevel gear 5. In order to achieve this function, the outer contour of the hub is spherical, the inner contour of the pump body is spherical, and the two spheres are concentric, and the blade axis passes through the center point of the sphere. The bearings of the blade shaft are composed of radial guide bearings and thrust bearings, which can ensure that the blades can rotate freely around the axis. The driven bevel gear 6 does not transmit the adjustment force, and the adjustment angle limit is achieved by the limit block provided by it and the limit block on the hub. The active bevel gear 4 is used in pair with the driven bevel gear 6 to offset the meshing axial force generated by the bevel gear.

[0034] Among them, in order to ensure the flexible rotation of the blade shaft, reasonable radial sliding bearings and thrust sliding bearings should be configured on the blade shaft. In order to resist mud and sand, suitable materials should be selected, reasonable bearing clearances should be determined, and a certain number of drainage troughs should be set.

[0035] The active bevel gear 4, the blade bevel gear 5, and the driven bevel gear 6 should be provided with a reasonable tooth profile structure and a reasonable meshing clearance to ensure the smooth operation of the device. A reasonable sliding bearing should be arranged between the blade bevel gear 5 and the shaft, and a reasonable sliding bearing should be arranged between the driven bevel gear 6 and the hub of the blade bevel gear 5.

[0036] The present invention relates to a variant structure of a self-regulating bidirectional water delivery impeller device. The power coil 7 can be controlled by a frequency converter; alternatively, a relay circuit can be used to achieve autonomous control using the generator principle of the interaction between the power coil 7 and the permanent magnet 8, enabling the water pump to operate autonomously. Furthermore, the locking stabilization mechanism of this variant structure can be implemented using a flyweight or an electrical structure, which will not be further described here.

Claims

1. A self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device, characterized in that: It includes an active bevel gear, a blade bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a limit block, and a clutch mechanism. The active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are used in pairs, installed on the shaft of the hub, and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade bevel gear to offset the axial force of the meshing; the blade bevel gear is connected to the blade through the blade shaft, and the motor is connected to the active bevel gear and the hub through the shaft, and the active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively meshed with the blade bevel gear; a clutch mechanism for starting and stopping the active bevel gear is provided between the guide vane body and the hub, and mutually adapted limit blocks are respectively provided on the driven bevel gear and the hub; under the joint action of the hub, shaft, clutch mechanism, active bevel gear, blade bevel gear, driven bevel gear and limit block, when the motor rotates forward or reverse, the blade placement angle can be automatically adjusted by 180°, so that the water pump can achieve two-way high-efficiency water delivery; at the same time, according to different functional requirements, the blade placement angle can be freely adjusted from 0° to 360°.

2. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch mechanism adopts a friction disc mechanism or a non-contact mechanism.

3. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The friction disc mechanism includes a friction disc, a flyweight, and a spring. The friction disc is arranged in the guide vane body. The flyweight is installed on the active bevel gear through a pin shaft. A spring is connected between the flyweight and the active bevel gear.

4. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the static state, the end teeth of the flyweight are engaged with the teeth of the friction disk through the tension of the spring, and the middle teeth of the flyweight are disengaged from the teeth of the hub; the active bevel gear is engaged with the flyweight and fixed on the friction disk, and the friction disk provides sufficient friction.

5. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the rotating state, the fly hammer disengages its end teeth from the teeth of the friction disk through the action of centrifugal force, and engages its middle teeth with the teeth on the impeller hub.

6. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the motor rotates forward, the motor will drive the shaft to rotate, the shaft will drive the hub to rotate synchronously, and the hub will drive the blades to rotate in a circular motion; the active bevel gear will drive the blade bevel gear to rotate, and the blade bevel gear will drive the blades to rotate relative to the hub through key transmission, ultimately realizing the rotation adjustment of the blades on the hub.

7. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the blades rotate to a certain angle, the limit block on the driven bevel gear contacts the limit block on the hub. After contact, the driven bevel gear and the hub stop rotating relative to each other. Under the constraint of the driven bevel gear, the blade bevel gear will be relatively stationary with the hub and the active bevel gear, and rotate synchronously at high speed, while driving the friction disk and the fly hammer to rotate at high speed; under the action of centrifugal force, the end teeth of the fly hammer disengage from the teeth of the friction disk, the friction disk stops rotating, and the middle teeth of the fly hammer engage with the teeth of the hub. The middle teeth of the fly hammer and the limit block of the driven bevel gear work together to achieve the final positioning of the impeller after adjustment is completed, thereby realizing fluid transportation in one direction.

8. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The non-contact mechanism includes a working coil, a permanent magnet, and a frequency converter. The working coil is installed in the guide vane body and connected to the frequency converter. The permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the active bevel gear.

9. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before the motor starts, the inverter outputs a closed switching signal, causing the working coil to form a closed loop externally or connect an adaptive resistor in series, obtaining electromagnetic force to keep the permanent magnet in a stationary state, thereby keeping the active bevel gear in a stationary state; when the motor rotates in the forward direction, the inverter outputs a closed switching signal that becomes an open circuit, and the entire device rotates with the shaft to complete blade adjustment; when the motor rotates in the reverse direction, the adjustment principle is the same.

10. The self-adjusting bidirectional water delivery impeller device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer contour of the hub is spherical, the inner contour of the pump body is spherical, and the two spheres are concentric, with the blade axis passing through the center point of the sphere; the bearings used for the blade shaft are composed of radial guide bearings and thrust bearings, which can ensure that the blades can rotate freely around the axis; sliding bearings are respectively provided between the blade bevel gear and the blade shaft, between the active bevel gear and the shaft, and between the driven bevel gear and the shaft.

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